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<document id="253E93A349CBD25A38B12EE5ED843E8B" ID-DOI="10.1655/06-001.1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384794" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1733861782093" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar" docDate="2007" docId="467D8791FFE8FFC2FD63F9C21726FB64" docLanguage="en" docName="HerpetolMonogr.21.1.76-178.pdf.pdf" docOrigin="Herpetological Monographs 21 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1655/06-001.1" docTitle="Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="BA44FFE9FFBBFF97FFBCFFC41632FFF9" masterDocTitle="A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SOUTH AMERICAN STENOCERCUS (SQUAMATA: IGUANIA) LIZARDS" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="76" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1733923315685" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="941F44D57CCCD648DE732E5B8440D7C4">A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SOUTH AMERICAN STENOCERCUS (SQUAMATA: IGUANIA) LIZARDS</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FCDB745C6D3EC6B3CDFAA42A149CE5A">Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8A4F57753D9D5DB83AB48C3BC8E10487">Department of Vertebrate Zoologŋ, National Museum of Natural Historŋ, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA &amp; Escuela de Biología, Pontificia UniƲersidad Católica del Ecuador, AƲenida 12 de Octubre ŋ Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1BDAD7943CAFF333BF6B22CDFC868BEC">Herpetological Monographs</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6A2A6E7CAFC3D96C8A38EE4BE235E9AE">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3D44543B70B845F88D8A64B600F0CD7F">2007-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0CE719E20D91C0170BB06B8F9683E18F">21</mods:number>
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<heading id="952381EBFFE8FFC4FD63F9C215FAF9C5" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" reason="4">
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFE8FFC4FD63F9C21262F9E7" box="[735,1104,1542,1566]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFE8FFC4FD63F9C21262F9E7" ID-CoL="4ZWL5" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[735,1104,1542,1566]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFE8FFC4FD63F9C215E6F9E4" box="[735,980,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">Stenocercus torquatus</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFE8FFC4FCDBF9E015FAF9C5" box="[871,968,1572,1596]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFE8FFC4FCDBF9E015FAF9C5" blockId="83.[664,1174,1542,1722]" box="[871,968,1572,1596]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">
(
<figureCitation id="56EF2A02FFE8FFC4FCD3F9E015F2F9C5" box="[879,960,1572,1596]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="82.[165,179,1333,1352]" captionTargetBox="[143,1197,189,1315]" captionTargetId="figure-109@82.[143,1197,189,1315]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIG. 22.—Six species of Stenocercus. (A) S. stigmosus (PVE); (B) S. torquatus (MLU); (C) S. trachŋcephalus (JMR); (D) S. tricristatus (illustration from plate XXII in Duméril, 1856); (E) S. Ʋariabilis (MLU); (F) S. Ʋarius (LAC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384856/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFE8FFC3FD24F98F140EFE71" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFE8FFC3FD24F98F17D0FEE8" blockId="83.[664,1174,1542,1722]" lastBlockId="84.[143,654,189,1722]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFE8FFC4FD24F98F12A0F99B" authority="Boulenger, 1885 a: 133" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="1885" box="[664,1170,1610,1634]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFE8FFC4FD24F98F15BDF99B" box="[664,911,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">Stenocercus torquatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFE8FFC4FC26F98E12A0F99B" author="BOULENGER, G. A." bookContentInfo="Taylor and Francis, London, U. K." box="[922,1170,1610,1634]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" refId="ref76038" refString="BOULENGER, G. A. 1885 a. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History), Volume 2. Taylor and Francis, London, U. K." title="Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History), Volume 2" type="book" year="1885">
Boulenger, 1885
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFE8FFC4FBE8F98F1253F99B" box="[1108,1121,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">a</emphasis>
:133
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<materialsCitation id="7EBC3CDAFFE8FFC3FD0FF9A317D0FEE8" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Peru" elevation="1470" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="159" latitude="-10.701388" location="Oxapampa-Llaupi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.45611" municipality="Maria Teresa" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="61.5.22.4" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Departamento Pasco" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="116F8825FFE8FFC4FD0FF9A3152FF986" box="[691,797,1639,1663]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="A8C5AE42FFE8FFC4FC91F9AC15B0F986" box="[813,898,1640,1663]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">BMNH</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9E729EFCFFE8FFC4FC33F9A315C7F986" box="[911,1013,1639,1663]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">61.5.22.4</specimenCode>
, a
<specimenCount id="D8D2FD0EFFE8FFC4FBA3F9A31266F986" box="[1055,1108,1639,1663]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" type="male">male</specimenCount>
from ‘‘Peru̕̕ (restricted to
<collectingMunicipality id="2E0FACFDFFE8FFC4FC14F9411270F965" box="[936,1090,1669,1693]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">María Teresa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="092C9B62FFE8FFC4FBECF94112A4F964" box="[1104,1174,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" unit="km" value="19.0">
<locationDeviation id="DFD92FA5FFE8FFC4FBECF94112A4F964" box="[1104,1174,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
on road
<location id="CB0B605CFFE8FFC4FC8DF96615CBF943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:467D8791FFE8FFC2FD63F9C21726FB64:CB0B605CFFE8FFC4FC8DF96615CBF943" box="[817,1017,1698,1722]" country="Peru" latitude="-10.701388" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.45611" municipality="Maria Teresa" name="Oxapampa-Llaupi" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Departamento Pasco">Oxapampa-Llaupi</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABE05040FFE8FFC4FBA9F96612A3F943" box="[1045,1169,1698,1722]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="83" pageNumber="158" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-10.701388">
10
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFE8FFC4FB8CF9661208F943" bold="true" box="[1072,1082,1698,1722]" pageId="83" pageNumber="158">°</emphasis>
42'05&quot;S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABE05040FFEFFFC3FF16FF791700FF2C" box="[170,306,189,214]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-75.45611">
75
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF79FF7916FDFF2C" bold="true" box="[197,207,189,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">°</emphasis>
27'22&quot;W
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="092C9B62FFEFFFC3FE81FF7A17A1FF2C" box="[317,403,190,214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1470.0">
<elevation id="45F9D1B4FFEFFFC3FE81FF7A17A1FF2C" box="[317,403,190,214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1470.0">1470 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="0C10F865FFEFFFC3FE23FF7A14BBFF2C" box="[415,649,190,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Departamento Pasco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B6C37617FFEFFFC3FF16FF1816EDFF0A" box="[170,223,220,243]" name="Peru" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Peru</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FE9DFF1F14B3FF0A" author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. &amp; E. LEHR &amp; M. LUNDBERG" box="[289,641,219,243]" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="440 - 448" part="61" refId="ref80223" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O., E. LEHR, AND M. LUNDBERG. 2005. Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru. Herpetologica 61 (4): 440 - 448." title="Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru" type="journal article" year="2005">Torres-Carvajal et al. [2005]</bibRefCitation>
);
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FF16FF3D17ECFEE8" author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. &amp; E. LEHR &amp; M. LUNDBERG" box="[170,478,249,273]" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="440 - 448" part="61" refId="ref80223" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O., E. LEHR, AND M. LUNDBERG. 2005. Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru. Herpetologica 61 (4): 440 - 448." title="Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru" type="journal article" year="2005">Torres-Carvajal et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEFFFC3FF33FED3140EFE71" blockId="84.[143,654,189,1722]" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FF33FED317F1FED6" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" box="[143,451,279,303]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF33FED317F1FED6" box="[143,451,279,303]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Stenocercus crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FD9EFED3176AFEB4" author="BURT, C. E. &amp; M. D. BURT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="227 - 395" part="61" refId="ref76399" refString="BURT, C. E., AND M. D. BURT. 1931. South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History and Ecology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 61 (7): 227 - 395." title="South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History and Ecology" type="journal article" year="1931">Burt and Burt, 1931:287</bibRefCitation>
; Etheridge, in
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FDADFEF117A8FE93" author="PETERS, J. A. &amp; R. DONOSO-BARROS" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 293" part="297" refId="ref79234" refString="PETERS, J. A., AND R. DONOSO-BARROS. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part 2, lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin 297: 1 - 293." title="Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part 2, lizards and amphisbaenians" type="journal article" year="1970">Peters and Donoso-Barros, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FE14FE96147DFE93" author="FRITTS, T. H." box="[424,591,338,362]" journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 89" part="7" refId="ref77735" refString="FRITTS, T. H. 1974. A multivariate and evolutionary analysis of the andean iguanid lizards of the genus Stenocercus. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 7: 1 - 89." title="A multivariate and evolutionary analysis of the andean iguanid lizards of the genus Stenocercus" type="journal article" year="1974">Fritts, 1974:45</bibRefCitation>
. Synonymy fide
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FE93FEB4140AFE71" author="BURT, C. E. &amp; M. D. BURT" box="[303,568,368,392]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 52" part="78" refId="ref76353" refString="BURT, C. E., AND M. D. BURT. 1930. The South American lizards in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78 (6): 1 - 52." title="The South American lizards in the collection of the United States National Museum" type="journal article" year="1930">Burt and Burt, 1930:22</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFEFFFC3FF16FE4B1787FB3A" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEFFFC3FF16FE4B1787FB3A" blockId="84.[143,654,189,1722]" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF16FE4B1724FE5F" box="[170,278,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE8BFE4A1407FE5F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[311,565,398,422]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE8BFE4A1407FE5F" box="[311,565,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Stenocercus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE1DFE681416FE3A" baseAuthorityName="Nogueira and Rodrigues" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[417,548,428,451]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE1DFE681416FE3A" box="[417,548,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Stenocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FDC5FE681720FE18" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivarensis">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FDC5FE681720FE18" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. bolivarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE9BFE0D1790FE18" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1934" box="[295,418,457,481]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carrioni">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE9BFE0D1790FE18" box="[295,418,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. carrioni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE0AFE0D1456FE18" authorityName="Cadle" authorityYear="1991" box="[438,612,457,481]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostictus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE0AFE0D1456FE18" box="[438,612,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. chlorostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FDC5FE0D1702FE06" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FDC5FE0D1702FE06" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FEF5FE2317E7FE07" authorityName="Fritts" authorityYear="1972" box="[329,469,487,510]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empetrus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FEF5FE2317E7FE07" box="[329,469,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. empetrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE51FE2314B4FE07" authorityName="Cadle" authorityYear="1991" box="[493,646,487,510]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eunetopsis">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE51FE2314B4FE07" box="[493,646,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. eunetopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FF78FDC0170CFDE5" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[196,318,516,540]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsii">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF78FDC0170CFDE5" box="[196,318,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. simonsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having granular scales on the posterior surface of thighs, two caudal whorls per autotomic segment, mucronate caudal scales, and a distinct longitudinal row of enlarged vertebral scales. Of these species, only
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FF72FD5C17A6FD49" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" box="[206,404,664,688]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF72FD5C17A6FD49" box="[206,404,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE16FD5C141BFD56" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[426,553,664,687]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsii">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE16FD5C141BFD56" box="[426,553,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. simonsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FDC5FD5C16CBFD34" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FDC5FD5C16CBFD34" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have granular dorsal scales on neck (imbricate, and smooth or keeled in remaining species).
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FF4AFD35174CFCF1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[246,382,753,776]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF4AFD35174CFCF1" box="[246,382,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FDC5FD351702FCDF" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FDC5FD351702FCDF" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE3CFCCA1431FCDF" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[384,515,782,806]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsii">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE3CFCCA1431FCDF" box="[384,515,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. simonsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a black antehumeral collar complete middorsally in adult males, subadult females, and juveniles, as well as two black transverse bands anterior to the antehumeral collar and the ability to change colors between emerald green and dark brown or gray. An antehumeral collar also is present in all species mentioned above except
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE7CFC3E14B5FBEB" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" box="[448,647,1018,1042]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE7CFC3E14B5FBEB" box="[448,647,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, in those species the collar is usually incomplete middorsally. Additionally, two black transverse bands anterior to the antehumeral collar have been reported in
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FDC4FBB51794FB5F" authority="(Cadle, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Cadle" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eunetopsis">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FDC4FBB51733FB5F" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. eunetopsis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FEA8FB4A17ACFB5F" author="CADLE, J. E." box="[276,414,1166,1190]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 96" part="143" refId="ref76540" refString="CADLE, J. E. 1991. Systematics of lizards of the genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northern Peru: new species and comments on relationships and distribution patterns. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 143: 1 - 96." title="Systematics of lizards of the genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northern Peru: new species and comments on relationships and distribution patterns" type="proceedings paper" year="1991">Cadle, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but they are not as distinct as in
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FE9BFB68179CFB3A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[295,430,1196,1219]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE9BFB68179CFB3A" box="[295,430,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFEFFFC2FF16FB0E16F2FE5B" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEFFFC3FF16FB0E1577FB07" blockId="84.[143,654,189,1722]" lastBlockId="84.[685,1196,190,1723]" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FF16FB0E1719FB18" box="[170,299,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Description</emphasis>
.—(1) Maximum total length in males 84 mm (
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FEFDFB2C177DFB06" box="[321,335,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
= 27); (2) maximum total length in females 74 mm (
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FE59FAC117C1FAE5" box="[485,499,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
= 16); (3) vertebrals 83–115; (4) paravertebrals 103– 151; (5) scales around midbody 102–137; (6) supraoculars 6–8; (7) internasals 4–6; (8) postrostrals 6–8; (9) loreals 2–5; (10) gulars 47–67; (11) subdigitals on Finger IV 22–29; (12) subdigitals on Toe IV 26–32; (13) posthumeral mite pocket present as one or more vertical folds or ridges; (14) postfemoral mite pocket distinct with slit-like opening; (15) parietal eye not visible through interparietal cornea; (16) scales on occipitoparietal region small, smooth, juxtaposed; (17) projecting angulate temporals absent; (18) row of enlarged supraoculars occupying most of supraocular region absent; (19) scales on frontonasal region juxtaposed anteriorly; (20) preauricular fringe present; (21) antegular (continuous medially), antehumeral, gular, longitudinal, oblique, postauricular, and supra-auricular neck folds present; (22) lateral and dorsal nuchals similar in size; (23) posterior gulars cycloid, smooth, slightly imbricate, not notched; (24) lateral scales reduced in size, approximately half the size of dorsal body scales closer to vertebral line; (25) vertebrals larger than adjacent paravertebrals; (26) dorsolateral crest absent; (27) ventrals smooth, imbricate; (28) scales on posterior surfaces of thighs granular; (29) inguinal granular pocket present; (30) inguinal groove present; (31) preanals not projected; (32) tail not compressed laterally in adult males; (33) tail length 47–54% of total length; (34) caudal whorls per autotomic segment two; (35) caudals spinose; (36) dark stripe extending anterodorsally from subocular region to supraciliaries absent; (37) dark patch extensively covering gular region of females absent; (38) dark patch extensively covering gular region of adult males absent; (39) black patch on ventral surface of neck in adult males absent; (40) dark midventral longitudinal mark such as faint line, conspicuous stripe, or extensive patch in adult males absent; (41) black patches on ventral surface of thighs in adult males absent; (42) postxiphisternal inscriptional ribs not in contact midventrally (AMNH 23132, 23143–44, 23146 and MCZ 29303, 45882, misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FBBAFB6F14FCFB19" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1907" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FBBAFB6F14FCFB19" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEFFFC3FD4AFB0C1232FB19" author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O." box="[758,1024,1224,1248]" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" pagination="75 - 83" part="60" refId="ref80001" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. 2004 a. The abdominal skeleton of tropidurid lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica 60: 75 - 83." title="The abdominal skeleton of tropidurid lizards (Squamata: Tropiduridae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
Torres-Carvajal [2004
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FC56FB0D15C5FB19" box="[1002,1015,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">a</emphasis>
]
</bibRefCitation>
, correspond to
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEFFFC3FD11FB221507FB07" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[685,821,1254,1278]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="84" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FD11FB221507FB07" box="[685,821,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEFFFC2FD74FAC016F2FE5B" blockId="84.[685,1196,190,1723]" lastBlockId="85.[122,633,190,1181]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEFFFC3FD74FAC01578FAE5" box="[712,842,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="159">Color in life</emphasis>
.—Dorsum emerald green, dark brown, or gray with yellow, black, or white scattered spots in some specimens; upper and lower eyelids light yellow in some specimens; black longitudinal stripe extending posterodorsally from preocular region to anterodorsal aspect of neck; black antehumeral collar in males bordered with yellow bands anteriorly and posteriorly; two short, black transverse bands anterior to antehumeral collar; ventral surface of body cream or light grey; pectoral and gular regions yellowish grey with light spots laterally in males; preanal region purple in some males and white in some females; tail gray, purple, or green. The dark antehumeral collar and short transverse bands anterior to it are present in juveniles of both sexes; they are retained in adult males, whereas females seem to gradually lose them with age. Both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FFC6FEF71736FEB3" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[122,260,307,330]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FFC6FEF71736FEB3" box="[122,260,307,330]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the ability to change their dorsal background color from emerald green to dark brown or grey (
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEEFFC2FE3FFEA91686FE5B" author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. &amp; E. LEHR &amp; M. LUNDBERG" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" pagination="440 - 448" part="61" refId="ref80223" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O., E. LEHR, AND M. LUNDBERG. 2005. Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru. Herpetologica 61 (4): 440 - 448." title="Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru" type="journal article" year="2005">Torres-Carvajal et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFEEFFC2FF29FE6D177AFCC4" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEEFFC2FF29FE6D177AFCC4" blockId="85.[122,633,190,1181]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FF29FE6D1777FE39" box="[149,325,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">Natural History</emphasis>
.—Clutch size in
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FDB5FE6D16A9FE27" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FDB5FE6D16A9FE27" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is two eggs; the smallest individual was collected on July 2004 and had a total length of 71 mm (SVL = 35 mm, TL = 36 mm). This species is arboreal, with individuals collected at 1–4 m on tree trunks or seen at higher distances. Color change has been observed immediately after capture suggesting that it occurs as a response to stressful situations. The green coloration blends into the color of the mosses and ferns where this species has been found, whereas the dark coloration might provide camouflage against dark backgrounds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86CE650CFFEEFFC2FF29FC871726FB64" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE6B3687FFEEFFC2FF29FC871726FB64" blockId="85.[122,633,190,1181]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FF29FC87172FFCA2" box="[149,285,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">Distribution</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FE82FC80147BFCA2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[318,585,836,859]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FE82FC80147BFCA2" box="[318,585,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">Stenocercus torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the central Andes (12
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FDAAFCA51412FC80" bold="true" box="[534,544,865,889]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">°</emphasis>
S–10
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FDEBFCA51453FC80" bold="true" box="[599,609,865,889]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">°</emphasis>
S) in the eastern Cordillera of Peru (
<figureCitation id="56EF2A02FFEEFFC2FDA5FCBA145EFC6F" box="[537,620,894,918]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[380,394,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[122,1176,189,1025]" captionTargetId="figure-267@15.[122,1176,189,1025]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10.—Distribution of six species of Stenocercus in Peru." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384822/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). This species occurs in Departamentos Junín and Pasco at elevations between 800–1800 m.
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FFC6FC121731FC17" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1885" box="[122,259,982,1006]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FFC6FC121731FC17" box="[122,259,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FE68FC121461FC17" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1911" box="[468,595,982,1006]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boettgeri">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FE68FC121461FC17" box="[468,595,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. boettgeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FDDFFC1216EFFBF2" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1967" class="Squamata" family="Iguanidae" genus="Ophrnoessoides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FDDFFC1216EFFBF2" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FE9FFC371783FBF2" authorityName="Frost" authorityYear="1992" box="[291,433,1011,1035]" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapularis">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FE9FFC371783FBF2" box="[291,433,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. scapularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at María Teresa, 10
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FF29FBD416ADFBD1" bold="true" box="[149,159,1040,1064]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">°</emphasis>
42'05&quot;S, 75
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FE9BFBD41703FBD1" bold="true" box="[295,305,1040,1064]" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">°</emphasis>
27'22&quot;W, 1470 m, Departamento Pasco (
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEEFFC2FEA4FBE91462FBBC" author="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O. &amp; E. LEHR &amp; M. LUNDBERG" box="[280,592,1069,1093]" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" pagination="440 - 448" part="61" refId="ref80223" refString="TORRES-CARVAJAL, O., E. LEHR, AND M. LUNDBERG. 2005. Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru. Herpetologica 61 (4): 440 - 448." title="Resurrection of Stenocercus torquatus Boulenger, a spiny-tailed iguanid lizard (Squamata: Iguania) from Peru" type="journal article" year="2005">Torres-Carvajal et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="09D44D04FFEEFFC2FDDFFBEA16D2FB9A" class="Squamata" family="Tropiduridae" genus="Stenocercus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="FCA0EA95FFEEFFC2FDDFFBEA16D2FB9A" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="160">S. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs allopatrically at higher elevations (&gt;2500 m) in Departamento Junín (
<bibRefCitation id="AA454B76FFEEFFC2FF3EFB41173AFB64" author="FRITTS, T. H." box="[130,264,1157,1181]" journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir" pageId="85" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 89" part="7" refId="ref77735" refString="FRITTS, T. H. 1974. A multivariate and evolutionary analysis of the andean iguanid lizards of the genus Stenocercus. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 7: 1 - 89." title="A multivariate and evolutionary analysis of the andean iguanid lizards of the genus Stenocercus" type="journal article" year="1974">Fritts, 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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