238 lines
37 KiB
XML
238 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D1BB93448D05E647868B7029BF35760B">Review of the genus Pleurotroppopsis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with interspecific phylogenetic relationships based on morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FA78E9427B0DF274BCE6F5852D6F6F0E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F48833390D48B8B22986B0BFB76E22DB">Cao, Huan-Xi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09CC2A1D585F1FEDC162711FEF82C863">National Animal Collection Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China. & Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="21C0074EC9E99E120ADA1D3187930ACD">Dale-Skey, Natalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26CD01DB615075FD611EA3E798DE6969">Insects Division-Hymenoptera section, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. n. dale-skey @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7582 - 0386</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F4D7AF5CF550EB78470365FDEE5C8120">Burwell, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A18831D0D7E6F929ED258E2B24EE00C1">Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia. chris. burwell @ qm. qld. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2194 - 4062</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9DE8F16D8817F5A160FF1D4DFBEBCEAC">Zhu, Chao-Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="754368097AED5B3230937D859B7BDB99">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China. & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. Corresponding author. zhucd @ ioz. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9347 - 3178</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F655E41BB72BF41B11D6B44C20A772A" type="email">zhucd@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD4F5FB57FDB0C3FA" ID-CoL="6SW4" ID-ENA="981013" authority="Girault, 1913" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,530,1164,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pleurotroppopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4F5FB57FEC6C3FB" bold="true" box="[151,356,1164,1191]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Pleurotroppopsis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD50EFB57FDB0C3FA" author="Girault, A. A." box="[364,530,1164,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="140 - 296" refId="ref23719" refString="Girault, A. A. (1913) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea-IV. The Family Eulophidae with descriptions of New Genera and Species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 2, 140 - 296." type="journal article" year="1913">Girault, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="4C7F10E8FF8CFF8AD4F5FB0AFDB8C3B5" author="Girault, A. A." box="[151,538,1233,1257]" page="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD4F5FB0AFDB8C3B5" ID-CoL="6SW4" authority="Girault, 1913: 149" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,538,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pleurotroppopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4F5FB0AFEE7C3B5" box="[151,325,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Pleurotroppopsis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD533FB0AFDB8C3B5" author="Girault, A. A." box="[337,538,1233,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="140 - 296" refId="ref23719" refString="Girault, A. A. (1913) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea-IV. The Family Eulophidae with descriptions of New Genera and Species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 2, 140 - 296." type="journal article" year="1913">Girault, 1913: 149</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD6DEFB0AFBC5C3B5" ID-CoL="6W496" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[700,1127,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pleurotroppopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatipennis">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD6DEFB0AFBB3C3B5" box="[700,1041,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Pleurotroppopsis maculatipennis</emphasis>
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Girault
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation and monotypy.
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD4F5FAD5FE47C27A" authority="Waterston, 1925: 388" authorityName="Waterston" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,485,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cotterellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4F5FAD5FEA6C27A" box="[151,260,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Cotterellia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD568FAD4FE47C27A" author="Waterston, J." box="[266,485,1294,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="385 - 395" refId="ref24291" refString="Waterston, J. (1925) On some Eulophid Parasites (Hym., Chalcidoidea) of the Oil Palm Hispid Beetle. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 385 - 395. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530004640 X" type="journal article" year="1925">Waterston, 1925: 388</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD617FAD5FC1CC27A" authority="Waterston" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1925" box="[629,958,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Cotterellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podagrica">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD617FAD5FCF2C27A" box="[629,848,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Cotterellia podagrica</emphasis>
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Waterston
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy. Synonymized by
|
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<treatmentCitation id="4C7F10E8FF8CFF8AD16BFAD5FF52C219" author="Boucek, Z." page="710" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD16BFAD5FF52C219" author="Boucek, Z." pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref23530" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology, Wallingford, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček, 1988: 710</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85C46572FF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FDD5C238" box="[151,631,1355,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CD6136F9FF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FDD5C238" blockId="3.[151,1437,1233,1410]" box="[151,631,1355,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EDCE11D7FF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FDD5C238" box="[151,631,1355,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
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<treatmentCitation id="4C7F10E8FF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FDD1C238" author="Surekha, K. & Narendran, T." box="[151,627,1355,1380]" page="192" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" year="1988">
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FDD1C238" ID-CoL="35GH" authority="Surekha & Narendran, 1988: 191 - 192" authorityName="Surekha & Narendran" authorityPageNumber="191 - 192" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,627,1355,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Atullya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4F5FA90FF42C23F" box="[151,224,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Atullya</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD48AFA90FDD1C238" author="Surekha, K. & Narendran, T." box="[232,627,1355,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="191" refId="ref24252" refString="Surekha, K. & Narendran, T. (1988) A new genus and two new species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 8, 191." type="journal article" year="1988">Surekha & Narendran, 1988: 191–192</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85C46572FF8CFF8AD61CFA97FDF0C2DE" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="CD6136F9FF8CFF8AD61CFA97FDF0C2DE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1233,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
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<typeStatus id="1265885BFF8CFF8AD61CFA97FD12C238" box="[638,688,1356,1380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="0ADE4D7AFF8CFF8AD76AFA90FB3DC23F" authority="Surekha & Narendran" authorityName="Surekha & Narendran" authorityYear="1988" box="[776,1183,1355,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Atullya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
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<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD76AFA90FC16C238" box="[776,948,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Atullya femorata</emphasis>
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Surekha & Narendran
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4C7F10E8FF8CFF8AD51BFAB1FDECC2DE" author="Gumovsky, A." box="[377,590,1386,1410]" page="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A94F4B08FF8CFF8AD51BFAB1FDECC2DE" author="Gumovsky, A." box="[377,590,1386,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref23811" refString="Gumovsky, A. (2007) Taxonomic notes on genera allied to Pleurotroppopsis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae) with description of a new genus from the Afrotropical region. Zootaxa, 1415 (1), 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1415.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Gumovsky, 2007: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85C46572FF8CFF8AD4F5FA6BFD68C00B" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD6136F9FF8CFF8AD4F5FA6BFD68C00B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1456,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4F5FA6BFEB0C296" bold="true" box="[151,274,1456,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex and eyes setose. Upper face with a transverse frontal carina (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD029FA6BFB3EC297" box="[1099,1180,1456,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-609@15.[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo), female: a, head in frontal view; b, mesosoma in dorsal view; c, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138411/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
), reaching from eye to eye or not close to eyes, straight or sinuate; frontovertex usually with, occasionally without, a median groove below anterior ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD536FA23FE08C14F" box="[340,426,1528,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒e, holotype female: a, habitus in dorsal view; b, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c, frontovertex; d, wings in dorsal view; e, labels. f, paratype male, habitus in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138401/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 3c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD5D4FA22FE76C14F" box="[438,468,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-609@15.[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo), female: a, head in frontal view; b, mesosoma in dorsal view; c, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138411/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">8a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head with a postorbital groove delimited by a postorbital carina along posterodorsal margin of eye (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD519F9C7FE6CC16B" box="[379,462,1564,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occiput with transoccipital ridge (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD7C2F9C7FC5AC16A" box="[928,1016,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1525,1549]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-108@13.[151,1436,381,1502]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pleurotroppopsis hirta (Kamijo), holotype female: a, frontovertex; b, wings in dorsal view; c, head in frontal view; d, habitus in dorsal view; e, mesosoma in dorsal view; f, labels. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138407/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 6d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD067F9C6FB92C16B" box="[1029,1072,1565,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,298,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-39@18.[151,1436,298,1898]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pleurotroppopsis lunata Kamijo, holotype female: a–b, habitus in dorsal view; c, habitus in lateral view; d, frontovertex; e, head in frontal view; f, labels. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138419/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">11a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum with collar more or less delimited by a carina along anterior margin, with distinct shoulders, and covered with dense setae (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD112F99BFF15C122" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shoulders of mesoscutum distinct; LLM with a round fovea behind pronotal collar (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD0A6F9BFFAB9C122" box="[1220,1307,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-609@15.[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo), female: a, head in frontal view; b, mesosoma in dorsal view; c, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138411/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 8b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD14BF9BFFAF7C122" box="[1321,1365,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1173,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-421@17.[151,1436,1173,1797]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pleurotroppopsis lankensis (Kerrich), holotype female: a, habitus in dorsal view; b, mesosoma in dorsal view; c, labels. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, and made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138417/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">10b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD101F9BEFA32C123" box="[1379,1424,1637,1663]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1365,1389]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1341]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[151,1436,181,1341]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pleurotroppopsis maculatipennis Girault, holotype female: a, mesosoma in dorsal view; b, mesosoma in lateral view; c, fore wing in dorsal view; d, gaster in dorsal view; e, antenna; f, labels. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138425/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">12c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum often with distinct sublateral grooves generally expressed as row of punctures (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD0DCF953FAB0C1FE" box="[1214,1298,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsellum with lateral up-turned tooth strong and distinct, best visible in lateral view (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD06AF977FBF9C19B" box="[1032,1115,1708,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD004F976FB26C19B" box="[1126,1156,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,453,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-152@14.[151,1436,453,1738]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo). a‒e, holotype female: a, habitus in dorsal view; b, frontovertex; c, habitus in lateral view; d, labels; e, dorsellum in dorsolateral view. f, paratype male, habitus in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">7e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propodeum with strong and complete plicae and with a strong and complete median carina (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD7BCF90BFB93C1B7" box="[990,1073,1744,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Callus usually with numerous setae (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD572F92FFEC0C053" box="[272,354,1780,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female petiole transverse (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD6B4F92FFC8AC053" box="[726,808,1780,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female gaster with at least tergites Gt
|
||
<subScript id="515A34BCFF8CFF8AD084F8DCFB4CC049" attach="left" box="[1254,1262,1799,1813]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">4</subScript>
|
||
–Gt
|
||
<subScript id="515A34BCFF8CFF8AD17AF8DCFA82C049" attach="left" box="[1304,1312,1799,1813]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">7</subScript>
|
||
piliferouspunctate (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD554F8C3FE27C06E" box="[310,389,1816,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
); female Gt
|
||
<subScript id="515A34BCFF8CFF8AD66BF8F0FDB3C065" attach="left" box="[521,529,1835,1849]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">1</subScript>
|
||
with a distinct median groove in anterior inclined part, and with a rounded, eyelike patch on each side close to base (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD60EF8E7FD1EC00B" box="[620,700,1852,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-609@15.[151,1436,1461,1937]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo), female: a, head in frontal view; b, mesosoma in dorsal view; c, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138411/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="85C46572FF8CFF8DD4A5F8BAFC8EC639" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD6136F9FF8CFF8DD4A5F8BAFC8EC639" blockId="3.[151,1437,1456,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD4A5F8BAFE99C027" bold="true" box="[199,315,1889,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The diagnostic characters given above are mainly based on females, though the above generic diagnosis usually also applies to males. However, in addition to their smaller body size males often differ from conspecific females because the typically diagnostic characters are reduced and indistinct in several aspects as follows.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD498F816FEDEC0BB" bold="true" box="[250,380,1997,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Flagellum:</emphasis>
|
||
funiculars usually with long setae and stalked apically (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD04EF817FBDEC0BA" box="[1068,1148,1996,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-121@7.[169,1419,381,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒g, holotype female: a, vertex; b, thorax in dorsal view; c, propodeum in dorsal view; d, metasoma in dorsal view; e, postorbital groove; f, piliferous punctures on gaster in dorsal view; g, habitus in dorsal view. h‒m, paratype male: h, habitus in dorsal view; i, vertex and antennae; j, mesosoma in dorsal view; k, metasoma in dorsal view. Scale bar: a–d, i–k, 0.2 mm; e–f, 0.1 mm; g–h, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138399/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs 2i</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="55E52A7CFF8CFF8AD0EBF817FB06C0BA" box="[1161,1188,1996,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[151,1436,181,1520]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pleurotroppopsis dactylispae Cao & Zhu. a‒e, holotype female: a, habitus in dorsal view; b, head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c, frontovertex; d, wings in dorsal view; e, labels. f, paratype male, habitus in dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138401/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">3f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8CFF8AD0DBF816FAD2C0BA" bold="true" box="[1209,1392,1996,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Frontal carina:</emphasis>
|
||
not as strong as in females because face usually not, or weakly, depressed below frontal carina.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8BFF8DD0DEFF4CFAE0C7ED" bold="true" box="[1212,1346,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Dorsellum:</emphasis>
|
||
usually less sculptured; lateral up-turned tooth reduced, indistinct.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8BFF8DD747FF61FCDDC788" bold="true" box="[805,895,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Petiole:</emphasis>
|
||
longer.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8BFF8DD7BBFF61FB91C788" bold="true" box="[985,1075,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Gaster:</emphasis>
|
||
much shorter and narrower than mesosoma; gastral tergites never piliferous-punctate; Gt
|
||
<subScript id="515A34BCFF8BFF8DD762FF2AFCAAC7A3" attach="left" box="[768,776,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">1</subScript>
|
||
without inclined part and median groove anteriorly, without eye-like patches at base. In addition, males can also differ from conspecific females in the following characters.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8BFF8DD4F5FEFCFEFDC61D" bold="true" box="[151,351,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Vertex and eyes:</emphasis>
|
||
vertex much more transverse and hence ocelli usually in an obtuse-angled triangle; vertex and eyes less setose.
|
||
<emphasis id="FFAAEAEBFF8BFF8DD531FE90FE77C638" bold="true" box="[339,469,330,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fore wing:</emphasis>
|
||
usually hyaline, not infuscate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |