424 lines
66 KiB
XML
424 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="29C47925618447E3881AF717F09C9A3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="4045" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5048.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a2842d55-9f37-461a-aef3-f18c9e25ae5f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5556748" ID-ZooBank="4EB228BE-313B-4092-B776-B145A9335B2A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1633693941560" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato & Yanagi, Kensuke" docDate="2021" docId="4103C076FFBBFF9CFF29341BFB88FC61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5048.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synhalcurias elegans" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="565" masterDocId="BD3AB80EFFB8FF98FFBE3726FFF5FF8C" masterDocTitle="Description of the second species of Synhalcurias Carlgren, 1914, Synhalcurias kahakui sp. nov. (Actiniaria: Actinernidae) with redescription of S. elegans (Wassilieff, 1908)" masterLastPageNumber="574" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="564" updateTime="1699459201036" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="51F3F8ED9DEF96FFD22AD8FD3B7D1006">Description of the second species of Synhalcurias Carlgren, 1914, Synhalcurias kahakui sp. nov. (Actiniaria: Actinernidae) with redescription of S. elegans (Wassilieff, 1908)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="283A947548F7F15D8BFF9C6DBD4F2F50">Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7A3DDEFAE2E19AEF869CA4532434B61">Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E4AD76C6C0C88CF537D8FD2F19CBB1CE">Yanagi, Kensuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="417AC17F250FE016DD8EE6DCB1C95061">Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Katsuura, Chiba 299 - 5242, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="D7AA7B72F1B94B93A6B4D202EC15DE5C">2021</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF29341BFD8DFCDB" blockId="3.[151,632,829,928]" box="[151,632,829,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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<heading id="925DC60CFFBBFF9BFF29341BFD8DFCDB" bold="true" box="[151,632,829,856]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBBFF9BFF29341BFD8DFCDB" ID-CoL="53X5M" authority="(Wassilieff, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Wassilieff" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,632,829,856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF29341BFD8DFCDB" bold="true" box="[151,632,829,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF29341BFE6CFCD4" bold="true" box="[151,409,829,856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Synhalcurias elegans</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFE16341BFD85FCDB" author="Wassilieff, A." box="[424,624,829,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref6900" refString="Wassilieff, A. (1908) Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement 1, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1908">Wassilieff, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF293444FD86FCF1" blockId="3.[151,632,829,928]" box="[151,627,866,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">(Japanese name: seitaka-kawari-ginchaku)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81B022EBFFBBFF9BFF2934A0FE94FC2C" box="[151,353,902,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF2934A0FE94FC2C" blockId="3.[151,632,829,928]" box="[151,353,902,928]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFF2934A0FEF6FC2C" box="[151,259,902,928]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1421,1058,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1393,189,1324]" captionTargetId-0="figure-392@4.[166,1421,1028,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@6.[183,1404,181,1336]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2 Two syntypes of Synhalcurias elegans deposited in Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM). A, Lateral view of syntype (ZSM20040148, original Doflein’s specimen no. 167); B, Lateral view of syntype (ZSM20040147, original Doflein’s specimen no. 157A)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. The cnidoms of Synhalcurias elegans and S. kahakui. A–L, cnidom of S. elegans. A–C, tentacle. A, spirocyst; B, basitrich; C, microbasic b-mastigophore. D–F, Actinopharynx. D, spirocyst; E, basitrich; F, microbasic p-mastigophore. G–I, Column. G, spirocyst; H, basitrich; I, microbasic p-mastigophore. J–M, filament. J, spirocyst; K, basitrich; L, microbasic p- mastigophore. M–Y, cnidom of S. kahakui. M–O, tentacle. M, spirocyst; N, basitrich; O, microbasic b-mastigophore. P–R, Actinopharynx. P, spirocyst; Q, basitrich; R, microbasic p-mastigophore. S–U, Column. S, spirocyst; T, basitrich; U, microbasic p- mastigophore. V–Y, filament. V, spirocyst; W, basitrich; X, microbasic b-mastigophore; Y, microbasic p-mastigophore (large)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556754" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5556754/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5556762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="842844DBFFBBFF9BFEB034A0FE94FC2C" box="[270,353,902,928]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,606,632]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Size and distribution of cnidae in Synhalcurias elegans (NSMT-Co 1693, ZSM2004147) and Synhalcurias kahakui sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1695, CMNH-ZG 09759). Size range, Mean, and SD are dictated as length × width. A–Y indicate the figures of each cnida in Fig. 4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DD521E8FFB0FF90FF293578FB3DFD10" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" tableUuid="9DD521E8FFB0FF90FF293578FB3DFD10">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF2934ECFB55FC6E" blockId="3.[151,1437,970,1086]" box="[151,1184,970,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBBFF9BFF2934ECFDD8FC6E" ID-CoL="3PH27" authority="Wassilieff, 1908: 8" authorityName="Wassilieff" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,557,970,994]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Ilyanthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF2934ECFE93FC6E" box="[151,358,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Ilyanthopsis elegans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFED334ECFDD8FC6E" author="Wassilieff, A." box="[365,557,970,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref6900" refString="Wassilieff, A. (1908) Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement 1, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1908">Wassilieff, 1908: 8</bibRefCitation>
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, textfigs 2–5, pl. 1 fig. 2, pl. 3 fig. 38, pl. 4 figs. 39, 40a, 40b.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBBFF9BFF2934CFFDAAFB8D" ID-CoL="53X5M" authority=": Carlgren, 1914: 50 - 53" authorityName=": Carlgren" authorityPageNumber="50 - 53" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,607,1001,1025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF2934CFFE9BFB8D" box="[151,366,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Synhalcurias elegans</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFEC434CFFDAAFB8D" author="Carlgren, O." box="[378,607,1001,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref5950" refString="Carlgren, O. (1914) On the genus Porponia and related genera, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50, 49 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800017270" type="journal article" year="1914">Carlgren, 1914: 50–53</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. figs. 1–4;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFD5234CFFC68FB8D" author="Carlgren, O." box="[748,925,1001,1025]" page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="1918">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFD5234CFFC68FB8D" author="Carlgren, O." box="[748,925,1001,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref5995" refString="Carlgren, O. (1918) Die Mesenterienanordnung der Halcuriiden. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 29, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1918">Carlgren, 1918: 6</bibRefCitation>
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, 27, textfigs 2-4;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFBF234CFFAC1FB8D" author="Stephenson, T. A." box="[1100,1332,1001,1025]" page="260" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFBF234CFFAC1FB8D" author="Stephenson, T. A." box="[1100,1332,1001,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="247 - 319" refId="ref6734" refString="Stephenson, T. A. (1922) On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. - Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 66, 247 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jcs. s 2 - 66.262.247" type="journal article" year="1922">Stephenson, 1922: 260</bibRefCitation>
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; Carlgren, 1940: 22;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFE8E332EFE06FBAC" author="Carlgren, O." box="[304,499,1032,1056]" page="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFE8E332EFE06FBAC" author="Carlgren, O." box="[304,499,1032,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref6039" refString="Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1949">Carlgren, 1949: 20</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFE41332EFD4BFBAC" author="Uchida, H." box="[511,702,1032,1056]" page="129" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFE41332EFD4BFBAC" author="Uchida, H." box="[511,702,1032,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="126 - 146" refId="ref6791" refString="Uchida, H. (1992) Actiniaria. In: Nishimura, S. (Eds.), Guide to Seashore animals of Japan with Color Pictures and Keys. Vol. I. Hoikusha, Tokyo, pp. 126 - 146. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Uchida, 1992: 129</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 29 fig. 5;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFCEF332EFB7CFBAC" author="Uchida, H. & Soyama, I." box="[849,1161,1032,1056]" page="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFCEF332EFB7CFBAC" author="Uchida, H. & Soyama, I." box="[849,1161,1032,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" refId="ref6870" refString="Uchida, H. & Soyama, I. (2001) Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS, Tokyo, pp. 157. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama, 2001: 21</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="480B5771FFBBFF9BFB2B332EFA9BFBAC" author="Uchida, H." box="[1173,1390,1032,1056]" page="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBBFF9BFB2B332EFA9BFBAC" author="Uchida, H." box="[1173,1390,1032,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida, 2007: 23–27</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2,3, pl. 2. xxx
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<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF29334AFDEEFAB7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF29334AFDD8FB0A" bold="true" box="[151,557,1132,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
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Material examined. Types (
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<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFE67334AFDEBFB0A" box="[473,542,1132,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,1058,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-392@4.[166,1421,1028,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Two syntypes of Synhalcurias elegans deposited in Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM). A, Lateral view of syntype (ZSM20040148, original Doflein’s specimen no. 167); B, Lateral view of syntype (ZSM20040147, original Doflein’s specimen no. 157A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556754/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C27B3DFFBBFF9BFD8C334BFE67FB27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383562305" collectingDate="1904-05" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="Franz Doflein" country="Japan" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" specimenCode="ZSM2004147" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="990CD91BFFBBFF9BFD8C334BFD3BFB0B" box="[562,718,1133,1159]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="Museum">ZSM2004147</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="1611CFC2FFBBFF9BFD62334BFCCFFB0B" box="[732,826,1133,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
): specimen collected from
|
||
<location id="CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFBDD334AFB1FFB0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4103C076FFBBFF9CFF29341BFB88FC61:CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFBDD334AFB1FFB0B" box="[1123,1258,1132,1159]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Sagami Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1BD31F0FFBBFF9BFB4B334BFAC0FB0B" box="[1269,1333,1133,1159]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFAE2334BFF18FB26" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Franz Doflein</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="BD1457A0FFBBFF9BFEA533B7FE67FB27" box="[283,402,1169,1195]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="1904-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AD50AE48FFBBFF9BFEA533B7FE67FB27" box="[283,402,1169,1195]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="1904-05">May 1904</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C27B3DFFBBFF9BFE2133B7FCFEFB43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383562303" collectingDate="1902-07-24" collectionCode="ZSM" collectorName="Allan Owston" country="Japan" elevation="110" location="Sagami Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" specimenCode="ZSM2004148" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="990CD91BFFBBFF9BFE2133B7FDCFFB27" box="[415,570,1169,1195]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="Museum">ZSM2004148</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="1611CFC2FFBBFF9BFDF533B7FD5CFB27" box="[587,681,1169,1195]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
): specimen collected from
|
||
<location id="CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFC6033B6FB9CFB27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4103C076FFBBFF9CFF29341BFB88FC61:CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFC6033B6FB9CFB27" box="[990,1129,1168,1195]" country="Japan" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Sagami Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1BD31F0FFBBFF9BFBC833B7FB4CFB27" box="[1142,1209,1169,1195]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFB5D33B7FAD8FB27" box="[1251,1325,1169,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="m" value="110.0">
|
||
<elevation id="42879653FFBBFF9BFB5D33B7FAD8FB27" box="[1251,1325,1169,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFAE033B6FF1BFB43" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Allan Owston</collectorName>
|
||
using his yacht “Golden Hind” on
|
||
<date id="BD1457A0FFBBFF9BFDCC3392FCFEFB43" box="[626,779,1204,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="1902-07-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AD50AE48FFBBFF9BFDCC3392FCFEFB43" box="[626,779,1204,1231]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="1902-07-24">July 24, 1902</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C27B3DFFBBFF9BFCAB3392FC57FB7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383562301" collectingDate="2016-06-01" collectorName="Takato Izumi" country="Japan" location="Mikawa Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFCAB3392FBC8FB42" bold="true" box="[789,1085,1204,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Other specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFC573392FBDBFB42" box="[1001,1070,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NSMT-Co 1693: from
|
||
<location id="CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFAFE3392FF30FB7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4103C076FFBBFF9CFF29341BFB88FC61:CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFAFE3392FF30FB7F" country="Japan" name="Mikawa Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Mikawa Bay</location>
|
||
, specimen dissected and fixed by
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFDF433FEFD2AFB7E" box="[586,735,1240,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Takato Izumi</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="BD1457A0FFBBFF9BFCB333FFFC57FB7E" box="[781,930,1240,1267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="2016-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AD50AE48FFBBFF9BFCB333FFFC57FB7E" box="[781,930,1240,1267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="2016-06-01">June 1, 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. NSMT-Co 1694: collected
|
||
<date id="BD1457A0FFBBFF9BFB5F33FFFA89FB7F" box="[1249,1404,1241,1267]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="2018-01">January 2018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C27B3DFFBBFF9BFA3633FFFDEDFAB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383562307" collectingDate="2018-05-22" collectorName="Isao Hirabayashi" country="Japan" elevation="115" location="Uragami" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wakayama">
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFF2933DAFF09FA9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4103C076FFBBFF9CFF29341BFB88FC61:CC7527BBFFBBFF9BFF2933DAFF09FA9A" box="[151,252,1276,1302]" country="Japan" name="Uragami" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" stateProvince="Wakayama">Uragami</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBBFF9BFEB933DAFDF5FA9A" box="[263,512,1276,1302]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Wakayama Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFD9933DBFD5CFA9B" box="[551,681,1277,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="42879653FFBBFF9BFD9933DBFD5CFA9B" box="[551,681,1277,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="m" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">100–130 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFD6733DBFC6CFA9A" box="[729,921,1276,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Isao Hirabayashi</collectorName>
|
||
, and dissected and fixed by
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFB6833DAFA99FA9A" box="[1238,1388,1276,1302]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Takuma Fujii</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="645F14B6FFBBFF9BFF293206FEB8FAB6" box="[151,333,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Kensuke Yanagi</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="BD1457A0FFBBFF9BFEC93207FDEDFAB7" box="[375,536,1313,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="2018-05-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AD50AE48FFBBFF9BFEC93207FDEDFAB7" box="[375,536,1313,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" value="2018-05-22">May 22, 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81B022EBFFBBFF9CFF793262FCF8FF75" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF793262FA61F9D7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF793262FEA5FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,336,1348,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFEDF3262FDCDFAD3" bold="true" box="[353,568,1348,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFEDF3262FDC4FAD3" bold="true" box="[353,561,1348,1375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">External anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFCB03262FC9CFAD3" box="[782,873,1348,1375]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFC3E3262FC16FAD3" box="[896,995,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFB353262FAE6FAD3" box="[1163,1299,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in living specimens,
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFE39324EFDE5FA0F" box="[391,528,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFD03324EFCC2FA0F" box="[701,823,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="35.0">35–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in preserved specimens. Column surface relatively smooth, wrinkled but without any structures. Ectoderm of column pale orange or yellow when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFAD132AAFF4EFA47" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with sparse, small nematocyst batteries. The naked column opaque milky white. Basal disc in aboral end, thick, robust and adhesive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFE3E32F2FE2DFA63" box="[384,472,1492,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal column not developed into lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFC1632F2FC0BFA63" box="[936,1022,1492,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFB3E32F2FB1AFA62" box="[1152,1263,1492,1518]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2352" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.9304" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="88.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="76.0">76–100 in</quantity>
|
||
number on oral disc, all marginal, in two rows. All tentacles
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFD3432DEFD01F99F" box="[650,756,1528,1555]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, pale orange in color, long and slender without any structures and no thickenings. Tentacles less contractile and less adhesive. Oral disc pale orange, with radial stripes corresponding to every tentacle. Mouth at center of oral disc, lip-like, pale orange and yellow in color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFAB03166FA72F9D7" box="[1294,1415,1600,1627]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBBFF9BFF493142FB78F86A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF493142FE3CF9F3" bold="true" box="[247,457,1636,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFF493142FE36F9F3" bold="true" box="[247,451,1636,1663]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Perfect mesenteries 76-100, extending from distal to proximal ends;
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFB5F3143FAE9F9F2" box="[1249,1308,1636,1663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
first cycle, including four directives; eight in second cycle;
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFD7F31AEFD09F92E" box="[705,764,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
third cycle; and
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFC0131AFFC0FF92E" box="[959,1018,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="in" value="32.0">32 in</quantity>
|
||
fourth cycle; fifth cycle incomplete. Mesenteries of second cycle in endocoels of mesenteries of first cycle, same as general arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBBFF9BFAFE318AFF10F966" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1922" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="563" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Actinernoidea">Actinernoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Microcnemes absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFE5231F6FDB3F967" box="[492,582,1744,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacular longitudinal and circular muscles both too weak to observe in histological sections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFE3131D2FDFFF883" box="[399,522,1780,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoglea on aboral ends of tentacles not thickened like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBBFF9BFB1431D3FAD6F883" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[1194,1315,1781,1807]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Actinernus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBBFF9BFB1431D3FAD6F883" box="[1194,1315,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Actinernus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Retractor muscles extremely weak and diffuse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFD86303EFD45F8BF" box="[568,688,1816,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
); muscle processes too weak to count (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFBE2303EFB21F8BF" box="[1116,1236,1816,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parietal muscles of mesenteries very weak and indistinct, with few muscle fibers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFCC4301AFC03F8DB" box="[890,1014,1852,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesoglea thickest in body wall and actinopharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFEF93046FE6AF8F7" box="[327,415,1888,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="0E52DC85FFBBFF9BFE0B3046FDE0F8F7" box="[437,533,1888,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="564" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, far thicker than ectoderm and endoderm; mesoglea thinner in mesenteries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFAD13046FF2EF813" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and basal disc, thinnest in tentacles. Two siphonoglyphs connected to actinopharynx on dorsal and ventral sides, with 18–22 longitudinal grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBBFF9BFDE8308EFD58F84F" box="[598,685,1960,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,183,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[209,1378,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of Synhalcurias elegans (Wassilieff, 1908). A, B, F, G, NSMT-Co 1693; C–E, NSMT- Co 1694.A, B, external views of S. elegans. A, lateral view; B, oral view. C–H, internal views. C, gross section of upper column; D, transversal section of macrocnemes at upper column; E, transversal section of macrocnemes at lower column; F, longitudinal section of a tentacle; G, transversal section of a tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; go, gonad; ma, macrocneme; me, mesoglea; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; te, tentacle. Scale bars indicate 5 cm in A and B, 1 cm in C, 1 mm in D and E; F, G, 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="564">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscles both absent. Dioecious: almost all mesenteries fertile, immature spermatic cysts in the specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBCFF9CFF7937B0FCF8FF75" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF7937B0FEDFFF3C" bold="true" box="[199,298,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF7937B0FED6FF3D" bold="true" box="[199,291,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Cnidom</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="79C27B3DFFBCFF9CFE8F37B0FCFCFF75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383562306" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" specimenCode="ZSM2004147" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
Basitrichs, spirocysts, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFD1137B0FD48FF3C" box="[687,701,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores and microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFB9C37B1FBC5FF3C" box="[1058,1072,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="842844DBFFBCFF9CFAA437B0FA98FF3C" box="[1306,1389,150,176]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,606,632]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Size and distribution of cnidae in Synhalcurias elegans (NSMT-Co 1693, ZSM2004147) and Synhalcurias kahakui sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1695, CMNH-ZG 09759). Size range, Mean, and SD are dictated as length × width. A–Y indicate the figures of each cnida in Fig. 4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DD521E8FFB0FF90FF293578FB3DFD10" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" tableUuid="9DD521E8FFB0FF90FF293578FB3DFD10">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="51916DE5FFBCFF9CFF29379CFEFBFF58" box="[151,270,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,189,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[183,1404,181,1336]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. The cnidoms of Synhalcurias elegans and S. kahakui. A–L, cnidom of S. elegans. A–C, tentacle. A, spirocyst; B, basitrich; C, microbasic b-mastigophore. D–F, Actinopharynx. D, spirocyst; E, basitrich; F, microbasic p-mastigophore. G–I, Column. G, spirocyst; H, basitrich; I, microbasic p-mastigophore. J–M, filament. J, spirocyst; K, basitrich; L, microbasic p- mastigophore. M–Y, cnidom of S. kahakui. M–O, tentacle. M, spirocyst; N, basitrich; O, microbasic b-mastigophore. P–R, Actinopharynx. P, spirocyst; Q, basitrich; R, microbasic p-mastigophore. S–U, Column. S, spirocyst; T, basitrich; U, microbasic p- mastigophore. V–Y, filament. V, spirocyst; W, basitrich; X, microbasic b-mastigophore; Y, microbasic p-mastigophore (large)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5556762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5556762/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Fig. 4A–L</figureCitation>
|
||
for size and distribution. Spirocysts in the column of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1611CFC2FFBCFF9CFC0C379DFBFCFF59" box="[946,1033,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="990CD91BFFBCFF9CFBA4379CFB4CFF58" box="[1050,1209,186,212]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="Museum">ZSM2004147</specimenCode>
|
||
) are slightly distinguished into
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFE9637F8FE53FF75" box="[296,422,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic">three types</specimenCount>
|
||
: small, gracile, and robust ones
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81B022EBFFBCFF9CFF793624FE0FFE21" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBCFF9CFF793624FE0FFE21" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF793624FE94FE90" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Sagami Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFDB83625FD48FE90" box="[518,701,258,285]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Kanagawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Suruga Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFC313624FBCDFE90" box="[911,1080,258,284]" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Shizuoka Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFBF73624FAFDFE90" author="Wassilieff, A." box="[1097,1288,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref6900" refString="Wassilieff, A. (1908) Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement 1, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1908">Wassilieff, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Ogasawara Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFF4B3600FEC9FECC" box="[245,316,294,320]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Met. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE393600FDC3FECC" author="Carlgren, O." box="[391,566,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref5995" refString="Carlgren, O. (1918) Die Mesenterienanordnung der Halcuriiden. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 29, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1918">Carlgren, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Suruga Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFD623600FC71FECC" box="[732,900,294,320]" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Shizuoka Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Taiji and Kushimoto,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFB3B3600FAB4FECC" box="[1157,1345,294,320]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Wakayama Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Enshu- Nada Sea,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFEAD366CFE64FEE8" box="[275,401,330,356]" country="Japan" name="Aichi" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Aichi Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE1F366CFDB4FEE8" author="Uchida, H." box="[417,577,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Mikawa Bay,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFD48366CFC82FEE8" box="[758,887,330,356]" country="Japan" name="Aichi" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Aichi Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Uragami,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B6EBF82FFBCFF9CFB99366CFB16FEE8" box="[1063,1251,330,356]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Wakayama Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
(present study), all in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1BD31F0FFBCFF9CFF673649FEE9FE05" box="[217,284,367,393]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All localities situated off the Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1BD31F0FFBCFF9CFC993649FC92FE05" box="[807,871,367,393]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
except for the Ogasawara Islands (see remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFF2936B4FE7CFE20" authority="Izumi & Yanagi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi & Yanagi" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,393,402,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kahakui" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF2936B4FE7CFE20" box="[151,393,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Synhalcurias kahakui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFE2E36B4FE1FFE20" bold="true" box="[400,490,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0ED1009FFBCFF9CFE2E36B4FE1FFE20" box="[400,490,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81B022EBFFBCFF9CFF793690FB88FC61" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBCFF9CFF793690FCDDFDEC" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF793690FECEFE5C" bold="true" box="[199,315,438,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFCA83690FC0BFE5C" authorityName="Wassilieff" authorityYear="1908" box="[790,1022,438,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Ilyanthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFCA83690FC0BFE5C" box="[790,1022,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Ilyanthopsis elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFB953690FB07FE5C" author="Wassilieff, A." box="[1067,1266,438,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref6900" refString="Wassilieff, A. (1908) Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement 1, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1908">Wassilieff (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, this genus was abolished by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE1A36FCFDA3FE78" author="Carlgren, O." box="[420,598,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref5950" refString="Carlgren, O. (1914) On the genus Porponia and related genera, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50, 49 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800017270" type="journal article" year="1914">Carlgren (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because its
|
||
<typeStatus id="1611CFC2FFBCFF9CFD6236FDFCF9FE79" box="[732,780,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFCCE36FDFB6AFE78" authority="Hertwig (1888)" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1888" box="[880,1183,474,500]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Ilyanthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longifilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFCCE36FDFC1EFE78" box="[880,1003,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">I. longifilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFC4E36FCFB6AFE78" author="Hertwig, R." box="[1008,1183,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref6343" refString="Hertwig, R. (1888) Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876 [Supplement]. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 26, 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1888">Hertwig (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, had been already synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFEF636D8FC21FD94" authority="Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing and Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[328,980,510,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Condylactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="passiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFEF636D8FDB2FD94" box="[328,583,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Condylactis passiflora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFDF136D8FC21FD94" author="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P. & Michelotti, G." box="[591,980,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" refId="ref6067" refString="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105196" type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(currently considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFF0B3504FE56FDB0" baseAuthorityName="Weinland" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[181,419,546,572]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Condylactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFF0B3504FE56FDB0" box="[181,419,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Condylactis gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE0E3504FDB1FDB1" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[432,580,546,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 449" refId="ref6154" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2016) Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa, 4145 (1), 1 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4145.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Fautin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFDC53505FD0CFDB0" author="Pax, F." box="[635,761,546,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="157 - 330" refId="ref6526" refString="Pax, F. (1910) Studien an westindischen Actinien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 11, 157 - 330." type="journal article" year="1910">Pax (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Thus, Carlgren established a new genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFB743504FEE7FDEC" authority="Carlgren, 1914" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1914" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFB743504FAA9FDB0" box="[1226,1372,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Synhalcurias</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFADD3504FEE7FDEC" author="Carlgren, O." pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref5950" refString="Carlgren, O. (1914) On the genus Porponia and related genera, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50, 49 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800017270" type="journal article" year="1914">Carlgren, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFEFB3561FE47FDEC" authorityName="Wassilieff" authorityYear="1908" box="[325,434,582,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Ilyanthopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFEFB3561FE47FDEC" box="[325,434,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">I. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This new genus was monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9157160FFBCFF9CFF79354CFB88FC61" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Since its original description and additional specimens in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFCEB354CFBF9FD08" author="Carlgren, O." box="[853,1036,618,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref5995" refString="Carlgren, O. (1918) Die Mesenterienanordnung der Halcuriiden. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 29, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1918">Carlgren (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFBA7354CFAFCFD08" authorityName=": Carlgren" authorityYear="1914" box="[1049,1289,618,644]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFBA7354CFAFCFD08" box="[1049,1289,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Synhalcurias elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had not subsequently been documented until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFDAE35A8FD43FD24" author="Uchida, H." box="[528,694,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; he redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFCD535A9FC28FD24" authorityName=": Carlgren" authorityYear="1914" box="[875,989,654,681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFCD535A9FC28FD24" box="[875,989,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">S. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using specimens collected from several localities of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1BD31F0FFBCFF9CFE9C3595FE97FD41" box="[290,354,691,717]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see distribution). The characters of our specimens almost perfectly correspond to the redescription of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFF5235F0FE65FD7C" author="Uchida, H." box="[236,400,726,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFE4B35F1FD7BFD7D" box="[501,654,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
. There is a slight difference in the cnidae between the type material, description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE8235DCFE15FC98" author="Uchida, H." box="[316,480,762,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our specimens: the spirocysts of the column can be distinguished into the
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFADA35DCFF27FCB5" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic">three types</specimenCount>
|
||
in the type specimen (ZSM2004147), into
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFD7B3439FCC6FCB5" box="[709,819,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFC6C3438FB8CFCB4" author="Uchida, H." box="[978,1145,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but are of only
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFA853439FA69FCB5" box="[1339,1436,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic">one type</specimenCount>
|
||
in our specimen (NSMT-Co 1693). However, there were several cnidae with intermediate form between the
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFACBAE9FFBCFF9CFACC3465FF20FC0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" type="generic">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
, thus this difference should not be a conclusive factor to differentiate the species. Thus, we identified these specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EAA0AE3FFBCFF9CFE8D34ADFE53FC28" authorityName=": Carlgren" authorityYear="1914" box="[307,422,906,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actinernidae" genus="Synhalcurias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBDEAD72FFBCFF9CFE8D34ADFE53FC28" box="[307,422,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="565">S. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and redescribed this species by emending mesenterial arrangements and histology of the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFE873488FE29FC44" author="Uchida, H." box="[313,476,942,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref6841" refString="Uchida, H. (2007) Actinologia japonica (2) on the actiniarian family Actinernidae from Japan. Kuroshio Biospheres, 3, 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="2007">Uchida (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and added images of the cnidae. Note that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3B0C91FFBCFF9CFC7F3488FB81FC44" author="Carlgren, O." box="[961,1140,942,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="565" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref5995" refString="Carlgren, O. (1918) Die Mesenterienanordnung der Halcuriiden. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 29, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1918">Carlgren (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned hermaphrodite specimens; we observed only gonochoric individuals and only immature spermatic cysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |