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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e87275" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-937" ID-Pensoft-UUID="472A867134905BCE9432DCE2C52D2CA1" ID-ZooBank="E47F65F692D24C02AD2B0C4B0881C519" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-937" checkinTime="1666302374090" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cazares-Hernandez, Erasmo, Jimeno-Sevilla, H. David, Rovito, Sean M., Lopez-Luna, Marco Antonio &amp; Canseco-Marquez, Luis" docDate="2022" docId="4059061478B6559FA517E30F28F3908A" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 937-950" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-10-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e87275" docTitle="Pseudoeurycea jaguar Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4A693A70-A098-4E24-B02E-B602B6B10321" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="472A867134905BCE9432DCE2C52D2CA1" lastPageNumber="937" masterDocId="472A867134905BCE9432DCE2C52D2CA1" masterDocTitle="A new arboreal Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="950" masterPageNumber="937" pageNumber="937" updateTime="1666302675380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new arboreal Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra de Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cazares-Hernandez, Erasmo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-5683</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Zongolica, Coleccion Cientifica del ITSZ y Herbario ZON. Km 4 Carretera a la Compania S / N, Tepetitlanapa CP 95005, Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jimeno-Sevilla, H. David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Zongolica, Coleccion Cientifica del ITSZ y Herbario ZON. Km 4 Carretera a la Compania S / N, Tepetitlanapa CP 95005, Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rovito, Sean M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-9654</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Unidad de Genomica Avanzada (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lopez-Luna, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division Academica de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cardenas km 0.5 Villahermosa, Tabasco CP 86039, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Canseco-Marquez, Luis</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9218-4756</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Distrito Federal 04510, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lcanseco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-10-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>72</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>937</mods:start>
<mods:end>950</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e87275</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e87275</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-72-937</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A693A70-A098-4E24-B02E-B602B6B10321" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4059061478B6559FA517E30F28F3908A" lastPageNumber="937" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4A693A70-A098-4E24-B02E-B602B6B10321" authority="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez, 2022" authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar" status="sp. nov.">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Dorsal and B ventral view of the holotype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov (MZFC-HE 28694), scale bar = 10 mm. C Ventral view of right hand and D right foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760299" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Ventral view of male paratype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. (MZFC-HE 35855) showing the mental gland. B Ventral view of right hand and C right foot of a female paratype (MZFC-HE 28685). D Male paratype male showing overlapping digits when appressed to the side of the body (MZFC-HE 35855). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760301" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="chresonymy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. -
<bibRefCitation author="Cazares-Hernandez, E" journalOrPublisher="Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico: Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Zongolica" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" refId="B5" refString="Cazares-Hernandez, E, Mendez Quiahua, EC, Molohua Tzitzihua, E, Vasquez-Cruz, V, 2021. Tlaconetes: Los Hijos de la Tierra. Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico: Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Zongolica" title="Tlaconetes: Los Hijos de la Tierra." year="2021">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cázares-Hernández">Cazares-Hernandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Suggested English name: Jaguar Salamander.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Suggested Spanish name: Tlaconete jaguar.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
MZFC-HE 28694. An adult male from El Mirador, Texhuacan Municipality, Veracruz, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="04.8" value="18.634666">18°3804.8″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="35.0" value="-97.05972">97°0335.0″W</geoCoordinate>
, 2,367 m elevation, WGS84 datum), collected by Erasmo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cázares">Cazares</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
on 5 September 2015.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Seven. One male: MZFC-HE 35855 (10 September 2015); six females: MZFC-HE 35859 (10 September 2015), MZFC-HE 28686 (11 September 2015), MZFC-HE 35856-57 (14 September 2015), MZFC-HE 35858, 28685 (10 October 2015). Same locality as the holotype.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
Assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a sublingual fold, comparatively short fifth toe compared to the fourth, limited foot webbing, relatively large size, and mitochondrial DNA sequences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
Morphologically, we distinguish the new species from the other salamanders that occur in the region and from the others of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on size of the body and tail, limb length, digit shape, shape and size of the head, and especially by external coloration (dorsal and ventral coloration of head, body and tail).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its unique color pattern (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
Based on mtDNA, this new species is closely related to members of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Canseco-Marquez, L" journalOrPublisher="Nucleic Acids Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" refId="B3" refString="Canseco-Marquez, L, Parra-Olea, G, 2003. A new species of Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetological Journal.13: 21-26." title="A new species of Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetological Journal. 13: 21 - 26." year="2003">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canseco-Márquez">Canseco-Marquez</normalizedToken>
and Parra-Olea 2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001617724" author="Parra-Olea, G" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" pagination="2119 - 2131" refId="B20" refString="Parra-Olea, G, Garcia-Paris, M, Hanken, J, Wake, DB, 2004. A new species of arboreal salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Pseudoeurycea) from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Natural History. London 38: 2119 - 2131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001617724" title="A new species of arboreal salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Pseudoeurycea) from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Natural History." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001617724" volume="38" year="2004">Parra-Olea et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). It is distinguished from species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by its larger body size (SVL males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SVL 40.2-45.0,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
58.0-58.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
44.0-51.3 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
24.2 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
40.0-42.3 mm; females:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
41.5-44.1 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
42.4-71.0 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
38.5-48.0 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
38.2 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
33.4-41.2 mm; Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, and range of 13 morphological measurements and tooth counts for males of species of the Pseudoeurycea juarezi group. Abbreviations are defined in Materials and methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CB793FED662124B6CCBD0AB083302B66" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" tableUuid="CB793FED662124B6CCBD0AB083302B66">1</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean, standard deviation, and range of 13 morphological measurements and tooth counts for females of species of the Pseudoeurycea juarezi group. Abbreviations are definied in Materials and methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/093F8BBB1762B4D613AEA48AA0F04063" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" tableUuid="093F8BBB1762B4D613AEA48AA0F04063">2</tableCitation>
) and wider head (HW males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.9-11.2 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
13.7-15.1 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
10.0-12.6 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.5-10.3 mm; females:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
10.3-10.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
11.0-17.6 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.4-12.5 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
8.5 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.8-9.1 mm. Females have a relatively longer tail (TL/SVL females:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.86-0.90,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
0.93-1.25,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.70-1.12,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.99,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.88-0.92).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
has more maxillary and premaxillary teeth (mean MT + PMT males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
69,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
85.5,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
73,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
31,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
67; females;
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
74,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
92.6,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
67,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
73) and vomerine teeth (mean VT males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
25,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
30.5,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
23.3,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
17,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
26; females;
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
22,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
30.3,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
22,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
22). The head of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is longer and wider than that of other species (HL males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.9-11.2,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
13.7-15.1 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
10.0-12.6 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.5-10.3 mm; females:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
10.3-10.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
11.0-17.6 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
9.4-12.5 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
8.5 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3.8-9.1 mm; HW males:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.3-6.8,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
9.8-10.3 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.2-7.9 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4.4 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.3-6.7 mm; females:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.1-6.7 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
7.8-12.0 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
5.9-7.8 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
6.1 mm,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
5.4-6.7 mm). No other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Veracruz or Puebla has such large, extensively webbed feet and long limbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
The new species is further distinguished from all members of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regal" authorityYear="1966" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea juarezi" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, as well as from all other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all salamander species from central Veracruz, by color pattern.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has irregular yellow mottling on the dorsum on a brown or nearly black background. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the ground color is reddish brown with bright orange blotches or mottling present on the dorsum; these blotches coalesce on the tail (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1A</figureCitation>
), and some individuals have small dark spots on the tail and dorsum.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lynch &amp; Wake" authorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea saltator" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a uniformly dark gray-brown dorsal ground color that is invariably overlain by a paler yellow or golden mid-dorsal stripe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regal" authorityYear="1966" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea juarezi" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typically has yellow-brown dorsal coloration on the head and forming a dorsal band to the tip of the tail, with scattered black spots on the dorsum and tail (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1C</figureCitation>
); the color pattern in this species can be variable, some specimens have small dark spots on a yellowish background (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1D</figureCitation>
) while others are darker brown or reddish-brown dorsally with yellow or golden mottling on the tail. Dorsal coloration in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is orange-tan with coppery-gold highlights that are mixed with black (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of all members of the P. juarezi group. A P. aurantia (Pena Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; B P. saltator (Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; C, D P. juarezi (Cerro Pelon, Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively; E P. ruficauda (near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito; F Holotype of P. jaguar sp. nov. from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">1E</figureCitation>
). The ventral part of the tail of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is paler than the dorsal part (lead gray), darkening towards the tip, with very small and clear flecks evenly distributed along the median portion of the venter. Both
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. melanomolga" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="melanomolga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. melanomolga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gadovii" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="gadovii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. gadovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have some version of yellowish spots on a dark background, but the spots in these species are arranged in regular rows unlike the mottling seen in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">P. jaguar</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Parra-Olea, Papenfuss &amp; Wake" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea lynchi" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lynchi">Pseudoeurycea lynchi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has greenish, rather than yellow, blotches and mottling and tends to show less background color compared to
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">P. jaguar</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
also typically shows less background color and often is primarily yellowish on the tail, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. granitum" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="granitum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. granitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has irregular blotches and a pale interorbital bar that are lacking in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760298" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Live specimens of all members of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurantia" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
Verde, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saltator" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="saltator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. saltator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sierra de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cerro
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pelón">Pelon</normalizedToken>
, Sierra de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
, Oaxaca), Photos by Sean Rovito and Luis Canseco, respectively;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ruficauda" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="ruficauda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. ruficauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(near Plan de Guadalupe, Oaxaca), Photo by Sean Rovito;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">F</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
from the type locality, Photo by Erasmo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cázares">Cazares</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
A relatively large adult male (58.7 SVL), body slender, head relatively long and broad (HW/SVL = 0.17), wider than body, neck region well defined (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Dorsal and B ventral view of the holotype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov (MZFC-HE 28694), scale bar = 10 mm. C Ventral view of right hand and D right foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760299" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Snout slightly truncate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, eyes moderate in size, slightly protruding, not exceeding margin of jaw in dorsal view. Nostrils small, oval. Nearly round and relatively prominent mental gland (2.4 mm wide) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Dorsal and B ventral view of the holotype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov (MZFC-HE 28694), scale bar = 10 mm. C Ventral view of right hand and D right foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760299" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">2B</figureCitation>
). Costal folds 13, counting one each in axilla and groin. Tail longer than body (TL/SVL = 1.15), tapering gradually along length, slender posteriorly ending in a point. Limbs long, overlap by 2 costal folds when appressed to side of body (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Ventral view of male paratype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. (MZFC-HE 35855) showing the mental gland. B Ventral view of right hand and C right foot of a female paratype (MZFC-HE 28685). D Male paratype male showing overlapping digits when appressed to the side of the body (MZFC-HE 35855). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760301" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">3D</figureCitation>
). Hands and feet broad, digits long and relatively slender, blunt with distinct subterminal pads. Hands and feet highly webbed compared to most other members of the genus (although only moderately webbed compared with species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolitoglossa" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or some
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Chiropterotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiropterotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Chiropterotriton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with webbing extending to the middle of the penultimate phalanx on third toe of foot. First toe short, fifth toe short compared to fourth long, 2.1 times larger than the first finger. Digits in order of decreasing length: III-II-IV-I on hands; III-IV-II-V-I on feet. Phalangeal formulae 1-2-3-2 for hands and 1-2-3-3-2 for feet (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Dorsal and B ventral view of the holotype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov (MZFC-HE 28694), scale bar = 10 mm. C Ventral view of right hand and D right foot. Scale bar = 3 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760299" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">2C, D</figureCitation>
). Teeth numerous: maxillary teeth 92 (45/47); premaxillary teeth 3, enlarged compared to maxillary teeth; vomerine teeth 36, arranged in two arcs (18/18) extending beyond the choanae. Nasolabial protuberances well developed.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760299" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">A</emphasis>
Dorsal and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">B</emphasis>
ventral view of the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov (MZFC-HE 28694), scale bar = 10 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">C</emphasis>
Ventral view of right hand and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">D</emphasis>
right foot. Scale bar = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760301" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">A</emphasis>
Ventral view of male paratype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(MZFC-HE 35855) showing the mental gland.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">B</emphasis>
Ventral view of right hand and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">C</emphasis>
right foot of a female paratype (MZFC-HE 28685).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">D</emphasis>
Male paratype male showing overlapping digits when appressed to the side of the body (MZFC-HE 35855). Scale bar = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Measurements of the holotype (in mm).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Snout to posterior angle of vent (SVL) 58.7; head width 10.3; head length 14.8; head depth at angle of jaw 4.7; eyelid length 3.9; eyelid width 3.0; anterior rim of orbit to snout 4.9; eye diameter 4.4; interorbital distance 3.5; snout to forelimb 21.0; internarial distance 3.1; intercanthal distance 4.1; nostril diameter 0.4; snout projection beyond mandible 1.1; snout to anterior angle of vent 55.4; axilla to groin 29.4; tail length 67.6; tail width at base 4.3; tail depth at base 4.7; forelimb length 18.2; hind limb length 19; hand width 5.1; foot width 8.0; length of the longest (third) toe 2.5; length of fifth toe 0.8; mental gland width 2.4; mental gland length 2.3. Tooth counts: premaxillary 3; maxillary 45/47; vomerine 18/18.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Variation and sexual dimorphism.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
The type series includes eight specimens, two males and six females. There is marked sexual dimorphism; adult females reach a larger size than males (SVL 42.4-71.0 mm in females vs. 58.0-58.7 mm in males), head relatively broad (9.8-12.0 mm in females and 9.8-10.3 mm in males) and have a more robust body compared to males (shoulder width 7.6-10.8 in females vs 7.2-7.3 mm in males). Adult males have a well-developed, nearly round mental gland (width 2.8 mm) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Ventral view of male paratype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. (MZFC-HE 35855) showing the mental gland. B Ventral view of right hand and C right foot of a female paratype (MZFC-HE 28685). D Male paratype male showing overlapping digits when appressed to the side of the body (MZFC-HE 35855). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760301" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">3A</figureCitation>
) and few premaxillary teeth (3-4 vs.13-20 in females). Hands and feet are broader in females (foot width 7.7-8 mm in males and 8.3-9.3 in females) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Ventral view of male paratype of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. (MZFC-HE 35855) showing the mental gland. B Ventral view of right hand and C right foot of a female paratype (MZFC-HE 28685). D Male paratype male showing overlapping digits when appressed to the side of the body (MZFC-HE 35855). Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760301" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">3B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="coloration of the holotype in life (fig. 4a)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Coloration of the holotype in life (Fig. 4A).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Dorsum and dorsal surface of head solid dark chocolate brown with extensive yellow speckling or mottling; yellow specks small on head, becoming larger and mottled on the dorsum and even larger and more continuous on tail. Sides of head brown with yellow speckling, with the same proportion of yellow toward back of the head, mouth and dorsal surface of the head. Dorsal surface of tail same color as dorsum, with the yellow mottling more continuous, but reduced at tip. Sides of body dark brown above midline, with yellow flecks (small flecks combined with larger and elongated flecks) and slightly paler brown with limited yellow mottling below midline. Dorsal surface of limbs brown chocolate (same color as dorsal surface of head, body and tail) with yellow specks, which are larger and elongated on the hind limbs; dorsal surface of feet brown with small yellow specks. Ventral surface of body, limbs, gular region and tail pale brown with small yellow flecks. Iris dark brown with yellow specks around the pupil.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Color pattern of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
Adults:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">A</emphasis>
Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">D</emphasis>
Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856-57, 28685, respectively; and released male (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">E</emphasis>
) and female (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">F</emphasis>
). Juveniles (all released).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">G</emphasis>
A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">H</emphasis>
a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">I</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">J</emphasis>
specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cázares">Cazares</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="coloration of the holotype in preservative (fig. 2a, b)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Coloration of the holotype in preservative (Fig. 2A, B).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Dorsum nearly uniformly dark gray, including head and tail, hands, and feet. All irregular spots on body and specks on head cream. Ventral surface of body, limbs and gular region pale gray with numerous cream specks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="color variation in adult and juvenile specimens (fig. 4)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Color variation in adult and juvenile specimens (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
The color pattern is similar in most adult specimens. Irregular blotches on the body can vary in size and shape and can be yellow or orange, forming elongated or rounded patterns; they are smaller on the head and become larger along the dorsum and even larger on the tail, but their size varies from specimen to specimen (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">4</figureCitation>
). Regardless of the size of the blotches on the dorsum, most specimens have a mottled pattern. There were two adult specimens, one female (MZFC-HE 35857, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">4C</figureCitation>
) and one male, that were almost completely dark with small yellow blotches. There appears to be ontogenetic variation in color pattern. In juveniles, the dorsum is almost entirely dark brown or black, without the yellow mottling or blotches as in adults. Some of the smallest specimens (22 mm SVL) are almost totally black, with little or no yellow dorsal coloration (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">4G, H</figureCitation>
). Slightly larger juveniles (30-40 mm SVL), show more yellow dorsal coloration (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Color pattern of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Adults: A Male holotype (MZFC-HE 28694); B, C, D Female paratypes (MZFC-HE 35856 - 57, 28685, respectively; and released male (E) and female (F). Juveniles (all released). G A specimen &lt;22 mm SVL; H a specimen measuring 30 mm SVL; I, J specimens measuring 33 mm SVL. Photos by Erasmo Cazares." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760302" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">4I, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is known only from Sierra de Zongolica (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A Geographic distribution of members of the P. juarezi group. B, C Habitat at the type locality of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Cupressus forest, roots, trunk and branches of the trees have moss of the genera Ptychomitrium sp. and Anacolia." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760303" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">5A</figureCitation>
). It is found in a mature coniferous forest (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A Geographic distribution of members of the P. juarezi group. B, C Habitat at the type locality of Pseudoeurycea jaguar sp. nov. Cupressus forest, roots, trunk and branches of the trees have moss of the genera Ptychomitrium sp. and Anacolia." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760303" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">5B, C</figureCitation>
) at 2,360-2,367 m, which is dominated by
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cupressus benthamii" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benthamii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Cupressus benthamii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus patula" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pinus patula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alnus acuminata" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Alnus acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="Saurauria" lsidName="Saurauria leucocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="leucocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Saurauria leucocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an understory of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Fuchsia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fuchsia microphyla" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphyla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Fuchsia microphyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName genus="Licianthes" lsidName="Licianthes synanthera" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="synanthera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Licianthes synanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and herbaceus plants including
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Didymaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymaea alsinoides" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alsinoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Didymaea alsinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea mulleri" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mulleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Chusquea mulleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Begonia oaxacana" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaxacana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Begonia oaxacana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is an abundant presence of epiphytes, including
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tillandsia imperialis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Tillandsia imperialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum paleaceum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleaceum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Elaphoglossum paleaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with extensive growth of mosses.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e87275.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760303" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">A</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of members of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. juarezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="juarezi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. juarezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">C</emphasis>
Habitat at the type locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cupressus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Cupressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, roots, trunk and branches of the trees have moss of the genera
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Ptychomitriaceae" genus="Ptychomitrium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptychomitrium" order="Grimmiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Ptychomitrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.P.Schimper" authorityYear="1876" class="Bryopsida" family="Bartramiaceae" genus="Anacolia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anacolia" order="Bryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Anacolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cázares-Hernández &amp; Jimeno-Sevilla &amp; Rovito &amp; López-Luna &amp; Canseco-Márquez" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Pseudoeurycea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoeurycea jaguar" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Pseudoeurycea jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is mainly an arboreal species with nocturnal habits. The species was observed active at night on trees, shrubs, rocks, herbaceous plants, and moss and was also observed moving on the ground. Most of the trees where
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed contained layers of moss and bromeliads. By day, we found
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
hidden behind or within the layers of moss that cover the trunks of the trees, in particular two species of moss (
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Ptychomitriaceae" genus="Ptychomitrium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ptychomitrium" order="Grimmiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Ptychomitrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paris" authorityYear="1894" class="Bryopsida" family="Bartramiaceae" genus="Anacolia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anacolia menziesii" order="Bryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Anacolia menziesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
Other species of plethodontids that share habitat with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">sp. nov.</emphasis>
in the study site are
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Parra-Olea, Rovito, Marquez-Valdelmar, Cruz, Murrieta-Galindo &amp; Wake" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Aquiloeurycea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aquiloeurycea cafetalera" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cafetalera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Aquiloeurycea cafetalera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1944" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Chiropterotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiropterotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Chiropterotriton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Isthmura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isthmura gigantea" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Isthmura gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Parvimolge" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvimolge townsendi" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Parvimolge townsendi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Thorius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thorius" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Thorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. troglodytes" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">T. troglodytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="intraspecific antagonistic behavior">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Intraspecific antagonistic behavior.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
Antagonistic behavior between individuals in a population has been described in several species of plethodontid salamanders (
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, RG" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" pagination="163 - 175" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892793" refId="B11" refString="Jaeger, RG, Forester, DC, 1993. Social behavior of plethodontid salamanders. Herpetologica 49: 163 - 175, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892793" title="Social behavior of plethodontid salamanders." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892793" volume="49" year="1993">Jaeger and Forester 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Staub, NL" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" pagination="271 - 282" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892804" refId="B29" refString="Staub, NL, 1993. Intraspecific agonistic behavior of the salamander Aneides flavipunctatus (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) with comparisons to other plethodontid species. Herpetologica 49: 271 - 282, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892804" title="Intraspecific agonistic behavior of the salamander Aneides flavipunctatus (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) with comparisons to other plethodontid species." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3892804" volume="49" year="1993">Staub 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003554" author="Lynn, CS" journalOrPublisher="Behaviour" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" pagination="1017 - 1037" refId="B15" refString="Lynn, CS, Dalton, B, Mathis, A, 2019. Territorial behavior in Southern Red-Backed and Ozark Zigzag salamanders: effects of sex, species, and ownership. Behaviour 156: 1017 - 1037, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003554" title="Territorial behavior in Southern Red-Backed and Ozark Zigzag salamanders: effects of sex, species, and ownership." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003554" volume="156" year="2019">Lynn et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). However, this behavior has been little studied or observed in Mexican plethodontids. During our population study, we only found one individual of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jaguar" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" rank="species" species="jaguar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">P. jaguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in each trap or tree studied. Initially, we collected some individuals, transported them to the laboratory, and took morphological measurements for mark-recapture studies. On the first sampling trip, we kept three containers with more than one individual, considering that each container represented a particular section of the study area. In the first one, we kept five immature individuals with a large adult, in the second container a pair of adult individuals, and in the third container two large adult individuals with a young adult. In all the containers there were signs of serious aggression. In the first, three of the five juvenile individuals disappeared; in the second, the female and male adults mutilated each other, leaving the male blind and the female with serious injuries to the body; in the third container, the youngest individual was killed. Some individuals of the population studied have regenerated or regenerating tails, indicating some level of predation or possibly agonistic interaction between them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="937" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="937">
The specific epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">jaguar</emphasis>
is a noun in apposition and refers to the similarity between the dorsal color pattern of the salamander and that of the jaguar (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panthera onca" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="937" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="937">Panthera onca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In the last three years the presence of this endangered feline has been recorded in some places in the Sierra de Zongolica and it seems appropriate to honor this emblematic species in the region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>