536 lines
43 KiB
XML
536 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.634.9769" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97bd77f6-2f4b-4b20-889a-516ea66ecb1f" ID-PMC="PMC5126527" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-634-1" ID-PubMed="27917046" ID-ZBK="0A143652E886427EAF29B98138B2ED45" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-634-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 634" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae)" checkinTime="1479793280724" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prata, Jessica & Christoffersen, Martin L." docDate="2016" docId="4053998907BF89D9A7F7B4ED7AC65E44" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 634: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 634" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.634.9769" docTitle="Pentamera paraibanensis Prata & Christoffersen, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B14236B1-3248-4A7A-B113-E0CE8EB0B6EF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFDDFFAC1045FFA85226FFDFFFF8FFDB" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668163719995" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prata, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>634</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.634.9769</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.634.9769</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-634-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0A143652E886427EAF29B98138B2ED45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A143652E886427EAF29B98138B2ED45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127852774" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B14236B1-3248-4A7A-B113-E0CE8EB0B6EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4053998907BF89D9A7F7B4ED7AC65E44" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Dendrochirotida Phyllophoridae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B14236B1-3248-4A7A-B113-E0CE8EB0B6EF" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type specimen">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type specimen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Holotype, UFPB.ECH-2229,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0836115">7°05'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 m, associated to rhodoliths, 9 March 2006.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0836115">7°05'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 m, associated with rhodoliths, 9 March 2006.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Other type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Paratype, UFPB.ECH-2230,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0836115">7°05'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 6 March 2006; Paratype, UFPB.ECH-2061,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0633335">7°03'48"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.752777">34°45'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 15 m, 21 March 2006; Paratype, UFPB.ECH-2048,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0847225">07°05'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.739166">34°44'21"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 12 m, 24 June 2005; Paratype, UFPB.ECH-2058,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.116667">7°07'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.731667">34°43'54"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 14 March 2006; Paratype, UFPB.ECH-2089,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.063889">7°03'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.788612">34°47'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 m, 21 March 2006.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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UFPB.ECH-2088,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.9836116">6°59'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.789722">34°47'23"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 m, 6 spec., 7 March, 2006; UFPB.ECH-141,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.9836116">6°59'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.789722">34°47'23"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 100 spec, 7 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-148,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.9833336">6°59'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.778057">34°46'41"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4 spec, 7 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-1684,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.9836116">6°59'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.753334">34°45'12"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 20m, 1 spec., 7 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-145,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0172224">7°01'02"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79861">34°47'55"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 86 spec, 6 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-149,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.016667">7°01'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.767223">34°46'02"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 spec., 6 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-140,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.063889">7°03'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.788612">34°47'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 165 spec., 21 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-143,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.063889">7°03'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.788612">34°47'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 400 spec., 7 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-150,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0633335">7°03'48"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.752777">34°45'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 31 spec., 21 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-153,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0636115">7°03'49"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.72">34°43'12"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 31 spec., 21 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-204,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.0734444">7°04'24,4"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.796944">34°47'49"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 6 m, 42 spec., June 2005; UFPB.ECH-858,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.123667">7°7'25,2"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-34.109722">34°6'35,0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 spec.; UFPB.ECH-857,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.141343">7°8'28,836"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-34.776142">34°46'34,118"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, PB, Brazil, 1 spec., 4 October 2007; UFPB.ECH-2087,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0636115">7°03'49"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.788612">34°47'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 spec., 21 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-205,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Picãozinho">Picaozinho</normalizedToken>
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, North Point,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil, 1 spec., 12 June 2003; UFPB.ECH-2072,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.7191668">7°43'09"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.75">34°45'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 spec.; UFPB.ECH-2068, Coqueirinho Beach, Conde, Paraiba State, Brazil, 1 spec., 3 June 2008; UFPB.ECH-2059,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.116667">07°07'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.731667">34°43'54"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 spec., 11 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-2053,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0847225">07°05'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.739166">34°44'21"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 12m, 5 spec., 24 June 2005; UFPB.ECH-2057, Reefs in front of the yacht club, Bessa Beach,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil, 1 spec., 26 February 2006; UFPB.ECH-2049,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0836115">7°05'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 50 spec., 9 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-2052,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil, 7°05'S, 10 m, 15 spec., 22 February 2006; UFPB.ECH-2037, Cabo Branco Beach,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Brazil</pageBreakToken>
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, 1 spec., 17 September 2001; UFPB.ECH-2038,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0633335">7°03'48"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.75">34°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 15m, 5 spec., 21 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-2033,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0172224">7°01'02"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79861">34°47'55"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10m, 13 spec., 6 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-2030,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0836115">7°05'01"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56" W</geoCoordinate>
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, 93 spec., 9 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-2031,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.0997224">7°05'59"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.767776">34°46'04"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 10 m, 226 spec., 14 March 2006; UFPB.ECH-1683,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-7.08475">7°05'05.1"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.739166">34°44'21"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 12 m, 14 spec., 24 June 2005.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Small body, reaching 7 mm, anterior and posterior ends slightly upturned. Color brown in life and in alcohol, tube feet light brown to white. Tube feet only in the radii. Tentacles ten, branched, two ventral ones smaller. Skin thin, smooth. Body wall ossicles comprise oval tables (with disc up to 64
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long) with four central holes, sometimes more elongated and also with smaller holes marginally and smooth multilocular plates; spire low, with two short pillars ending in 2-3 blunt teeth. Tube feet with supporting plates, curved support tables of variable height, and endplates. Tentacles with rosettes and rods. Introvert with rosettes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The species epithet is derived from the name of the State where it was collected (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, Brazil).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimen (female) small, globiform, slightly curved, length along the body 7 mm and breadth in mid-body 3 mm (Figure 1A, B, C). Preserved coloration brown, podia and tentacles light brown to white. Mouth upturned; anus terminal with five small papillae and five delicate anal teeth (Figure 3J). Tentacles extended, ten, well-branched, largest about 1.5-2 mm long, two ventral ones smaller. Tube feet restricted to radii, in double rows, longer in the ventral radii, shorter dorsally. Interambulacra usually naked, without papillae, warts or tubercles. Skin smooth, slightly translucid, with numerous small ossicles. Introvert thin, short, without tube feet.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. External view of holotype, A Dorsal B Ventral C Lateral D External view of specimen UFPB.ECH-2048, E External view of specimen UFPB.ECH-2058F External view of specimen UFPB.ECH-2089. G Calcareous ring H Rosette of tentacles I Table from body wall J Support tables from tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Calcareous ring complex, not fragmented, with posterior processes elongated (Figure 1G). Radial plates longer than interradial, approximately 2 mm high and 0.5 mm wide, anterior part bifid, posterior processes with small pieces; interradial plates triangular anteriorly, with posterior margin convex, 1.3 mm high and 0.3 mm wide. Polian vesicle single, short, saccular, located slightly to left of ventral mesentery; stone canal thin, straight, elongated; madreporite well calcified, bean-shaped. Gonads in one tuft of several tubules attached anteriorly, unbranched but forming several saccules along the tubule, filling the entire body cavity, full of eggs in various stages of development. Longitudinal muscles thin; retractors also thin, more delicate. Respiratory trees confined to posterior quarter of body, with short branches.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Characteristic ossicles of body wall as oval tables with disc of usually four perforations and a low spire of two pillars (Figures 1I and 2D and H), 50-70
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 20-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
high, ending in 2-3 teeth. Other body wall ossicles include some irregular smooth plates (Figure 3G). Tube feet ossicles of three types, supporting tables with curved disc with four central holes and 1-3 holes at ends, disc 128
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and spire 30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
high (Figures 1J; 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–F">B-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Elongate perforated plates, 99
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide (Figure 2E and 3A), and rounded endplates with central perforations smaller than others, about 170
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter (Figure 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Some large plates also occur
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">near</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the podia (Figure 2I). Introvert with rosettes only (Figure 2C). Tentacles with rods of various sizes, some delicate, with perforations at each end, some curved, others with four arms; irregular perforated plates, oblong, straight to slightly curved, medial perforations larger (Figure 2B) and rosettes similar to those of introvert (Figure 1H, 2A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Rosettes from tentacles B Rods from tentacles C Rosettes from introvert D Tables from dorsal body wall E Support plates from dorsal tube feet F Base of support tables from dorsal tube feet G Support tables from dorsal tube feet H Tables from ventral body wall, the more elongated table was found near the anus I Large plate of tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Support plates from ventral body wall B Base of support tables from ventral tube feet C Curved base of support tables from ventral tube feet D Support plate of tube feet E Support tables from ventral tube feet F Curved support tables from ventral tube feet G Large plate from body wall near the anus H Endplate from dorsal tube feet I Endplate from ventral tube feet J Anal tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="morphometry">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Morphometry.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(See Table 1 below). Rosettes of tentacles are larger than those of introvert. In general, ossicles from dorsal surface larger than those from ventral surface.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Dorsally</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, tables of anterior region are larger than of posterior region but their spire is lower. Endplates are also larger anteriorly. Supporting tables of the podia are smaller in posterior region, but are wider and higher anteriorly. On ventral surface, the tables from anterior part are slightly larger than posteriorly. Endplates of the postero-ventral surface are larger than the anterodorsal surface, about 140
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. The supporting tables are slightly larger and taller anteriorly, but wider posteriorly (108.08
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
26.51
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
17.47
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The supporting plates from the posterior region are larger, approx. 103
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Table 1. Ossicle morphometry of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. SD, standard deviation; N, number of ossicles measured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th colspan="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Tentacle</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Introvert</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th colspan="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Anterior region dorsal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th colspan="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Posterior region dorsal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th colspan="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Anterior region ventral</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th colspan="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Posterior region ventral</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The paratypes are from 0.4 to 1 cm long. The ossicles of the body wall and other parts of the body are similar. Some tables are more elongated or have more than four perforations. The color varies from light to dark brown. Some specimens have their body dark brown and their tube feet light brown (Figures 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="color variations">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
|
||
variations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A total of 3225 specimens was examined, measuring 3-13 mm long and 3-3.5 mm wide in the mid part, and 1-2.5 mm at the ends were examined. In general, they all present a curved form, but some specimens are elongated or only slightly curved. The body wall is dark to light brown in color, sometimes with dark spots, the tube feet varying from whitish to yellowish, and the tentacles with translucent peduncles and brown to yellow branches. Most specimens present a brown coloration, with some dark brown spots and whitish tube feet.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Bessa beach, reefs of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Picãozinho">Picaozinho</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cabo Branco beach, in Municipality of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pessoa; Coqueirinho Beach, in municipality of Conde; with coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.9836116">6°59'01"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.753334">34°45'12"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-7.7191668">7°43'09"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-34.79889">34°47'56"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, coast of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, Brazil. Species found over the continental platform of the State of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Brazil, up to 20 m deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Most specimens were inside rhodoliths, but some samples were associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Halimeda" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">Halimeda</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., were part of the phytal of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Hypneia" lsidName="Hypneia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Hypneia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., or came from a rocky bottom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The new species seems to shed the calcareous ring when submitted to stress. Some specimens were without the tentacles and calcareous ring, and most of them presented tentacles and the calcareous ring totally extended outside the body. This seems a defense tactic of this animal. The specimens studied agree with the diagnosis of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pentamera</taxonomicName>
|
||
as amended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="535 - 550" title="Pentamerarigida and P. pediparva, two new species of sea cucumber from the west coast of North America (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)." volume="111" year="1998">Lambert (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They share the structure of the calcareous ring and the type of body wall ossicles with other species currently classified in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pentamera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. with its double row of tube feet, body wall with tables with two pillars, and with the shape of the supporting tables and endplates, has parallels with other species of the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has similar tables as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera pediparva" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pediparva">Pentamera pediparva</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera constricta" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="constricta">Pentamera constricta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from both in the moderate calcareous ring, height of spire of supporting tables of tube feet, presence of rods and rosettes in tentacles and only rosettes in the introvert. In addition, these species have stiff and rough skin, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. has soft and smooth skin. We also compared the new species with other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pentamera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Phyllophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from the South Atlantic directly or through specialized literature (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Memoires Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 65" title="Holothuries de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique." volume="41" year="1951">Cherbonnier (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 236" title="The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean." volume="71" year="1930">Deichmann (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica, New York" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="361 - 387" title="Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the western coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands." volume="23" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932 - 1940" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="61 - 153" title="The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932 to 1938. Part I, Dendrochirota" volume="8" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambert, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="535 - 550" title="Pentamerarigida and P. pediparva, two new species of sea cucumber from the west coast of North America (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)." volume="111" year="1998">Lambert (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 29" title="Lista dos Holothuroidea recentes do Brasil." url="10.1590/S0373-55241969000100001" volume="15" year="1969">Tommasi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera beebei" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="beebei">Pentamera beebei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deichmann, 1938 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera zacae" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zacae">Pentamera zacae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deichmann, 1938 by the absence of high pillars of the body wall tables; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera chierchiae" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chierchiae">Pentamera chierchiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig, 1887) by the absence of rods in the introvert and tables with spinous disc; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera chiloensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chiloensis">Pentamera chiloensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig, 1887) by the absence of quadrangular base of tables from the body wall, with pillars ending in several teeth; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera calcigera" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcigera">Pentamera calcigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1851 it can be distinguished by the absence of a dense layer of plates and by the form of the tables from the body wall; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera charlottae" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="charlottae">Pentamera charlottae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deichmann, 1938 by the absence of small tables from the body wall; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera lissoplaca" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissoplaca">Pentamera lissoplaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clark, 1924) by the absence of diamond-shaped tables and diminutive tables in the body wall.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera trachyplaca" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trachyplaca">Pentamera trachyplaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Clark, 1924) by the absence of thick oval knobbed plates; from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera pseudocalcigera" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudocalcigera">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Pentamera</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pseudocalcigera
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deichmann, 1938 by the absence of star-shaped plates in the body wall; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera rigida" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">Pentamera rigida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lambert, 1998 it may be clearly distinguished by absence of large thick tables, knobbed plates in introvert and the shape of the calcareous ring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentamera paraibanensis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">Pentamera paraibanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. distinguishes of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Phyllophoridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species recorded to South Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euthyonidiella occidentalis" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig, 1875),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Neothyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neothyonidium parvum" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvum">Neothyonidium parvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ludwig, 1881),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Stolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolus cognatus" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cognatus">Stolus cognatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lampert, 1885),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thyone pawsoni" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pawsoni">Thyone pawsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tommasi, 1972 and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thyone pseudofusus" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudofusus">Thyone pseudofusus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deichmann, 1930 by the form of the calcareous ring, arrangement of the tube feet on the body, and set of ossicles from body wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |