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<document id="804CD7579244D3005372DC80F454D7C0" ID-DOI="10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14705562" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737339390010" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Simone, Luiz Ricardo L." docDate="2024" docId="4008878EFF9EA87C8840D9F6FE50F981" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.64.e202464031.pdf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 64" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F.4:PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Abra americana" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="BC31FFF6FFC9A8248835DF2CFFA6FFD2" masterDocTitle="New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1737393675899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="789B74357CBDB0375E2773DC40404EDC">New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1EC2016F4FD7662659EED749552ED68B">Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F92D5E17B5B96B9C935E28ED6D2451D5">Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="516CD0C53FAB3EF04D76F20087C9DB22">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="B196AD793F2D5AD371923062E595CAD7" type="DOI">10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4D92013CF7ED5C01B38E3C7069BED7DE" type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4B5A6910075DF6766937A0BC3A481C4" type="Zenodo-Dep">14705562</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4008878EFF9EA87C8840D9F6FE50F981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4008878EFF9EA87C8840D9F6FE50F981" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4008878EFF9EA87C8840D9F6FE50F981" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<subSubSection id="80BB6513FF9EA8738840D9F6FE7FF8E1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA8738840D9F6FE7FF8E1" blockId="87.[117,696,1690,1843]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738840D9F6FE7FF8E1" bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738840D9F6FD85F921" ID-CoL="5FC39" authority="(Verril &amp; Bush, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[117,547,1754,1779]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738840D9F6FE8BF921" bold="true" box="[117,301,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abra americana</emphasis>
(Verril &amp; Bush, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
revalidated, new stratum (
<figureCitation id="509A2A1DFF9EA873896ED836FE0EF8E1" box="[347,424,1818,1843]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="88.[170,229,688,713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetId="figure-535@88.[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 59. Studied Abra spp.: (A) replication of figure by Scacchi (1834: fig. 6) of his Italian fossil Tellina longicallus; (B-E) shells details of A. americana; (B) MZSP 117015,off Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,left valve,outer view (L 15.4 mm); (C) same,inner view;(D) same,detail of hinge;(E) MZSP 116911, right valve, detail of hinge. Scale:= 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14705704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14705704/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
B-E)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80BB6513FF9EA873886AD876FD34F781" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA873886AD876FED1F861" blockId="87.[94,719,1882,2131]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA873886AD876FD68F8A1" ID-CoL="5FC39" authority="Verrill &amp; Bush, 1898: 778" authorityName="Verrill &amp; Bush" authorityPageNumber="778" authorityYear="1898" box="[95,718,1882,1907]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="longicallis" subSpecies="americana">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA873886AD876FE2AF8A1" box="[95,396,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abra longicallis americana</emphasis>
Verrill &amp; Bush, 1898: 778
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 83, fig. 6-7); Warmke &amp; Abbott, 1961: 201; Abbott, 19745: 515 (fig. 5805).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA873886BD896FDF6F7C1" blockId="87.[94,719,1882,2131]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E8B111B6FF9EA873886BD896FDF6F7C1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA873886BD896FEA0F801" box="[94,262,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA873886BD896FEA4F801" ID-CoL="6H2F3" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[94,258,1978,2003]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallis">Abra longicallis</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="49001089FF9EA873893ED896FE7EF801" author="Morretes, F. L." box="[267,472,1978,2003]" page="44" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA873893ED896FE7EF801" author="Morretes, F. L." box="[267,472,1978,2003]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 216" refId="ref80031" refString="Morretes, F. L. 1949. Ensaio de catalogo dos moluscos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 7: 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1949">Morretes, 1949: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="49001089FF9EA87389EAD896FD27F801" author="Rios, E. C." box="[479,641,1978,2003]" page="249" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA87389EAD896FD27F801" author="Rios, E. C." box="[479,641,1978,2003]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref81445" refString="Rios, E. C. 1975. Brazilian marine mollusks iconography. Fundacao Cidade do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, 331 pp., 91 pls." type="book" year="1975">Rios,1975:249</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 79, fig. 1194), 1985: 257 (pl. 91, fig. 1278);
<treatmentCitation id="49001089FF9EA8738A1FD8F6FEAEF7C1" author="Diaz, J. M. &amp; Puyana, H. M." page="97" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA8738A1FD8F6FF42F7C1" author="Diaz, J. M. &amp; Puyana, H. M." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref77516" refString="Diaz, J. M. &amp; Puyana, H. M. 1994. Moluscos del Caribe Colombiano. Colciencias. Fundacion Natura. Invemar. Bogota, 292 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1994">Díaz &amp; Puyana, 1994: 14</bibRefCitation>
: 97
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 271) (non Scacchi, 1835).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA873886BD736FD34F781" blockId="87.[94,719,1882,2131]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E8B111B6FF9EA873886BD736FD34F781" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA873886BD736FEA9F7E1" box="[94,271,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA873886BD736FEACF7E1" ID-CoL="8TMM9" baseAuthorityName="Scacchi" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[94,266,2074,2099]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallus">Abra longicallus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="49001089FF9EA8738921D736FE10F7E1" author="Rios, E. C." box="[276,438,2074,2099]" page="556" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA8738921D736FE10F7E1" author="Rios, E. C." box="[276,438,2074,2099]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref81534" refString="Rios, E. C. 2009. Compendium of Brazilian seashells. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, 668 pp." type="book" year="2009">Rios, 2009:556</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 1551); MolluscaBase, 2023;
<treatmentCitation id="49001089FF9EA87388F3D716FE09F781" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211759" author="Passos, F. D. &amp; Batistao, A. R. &amp; Lima, L. L. C." box="[198,431,2106,2131]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B0A87A5B3195C72FF05FF59FD0BFEC5" page="58" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="2024">
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA87388F3D716FE09F781" author="Passos, F. D. &amp; Batistao, A. R. &amp; Lima, L. L. C." box="[198,431,2106,2131]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref80519" refString="Passos, F. D.; Batistao, A. R. &amp; Lima, L. L. C. 2024. Checklist of marine Bivalvia (Mollusca) from Brazil, with descriptive analyses of their bathymetric and geographical distribution. Zootaxa, 5488 (1): 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5488.1.1." type="journal article" year="2024">
Passos
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738921D716FEEBF781" box="[276,333,2106,2131]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.,</emphasis>
2024: 58
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(non Scacchi, 1835).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80BB6513FF9EA8738B2FD9B6FB72F901" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA8738B2FD9B6FB72F901" blockId="87.[794,1418,1689,1747]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738B2FD9B6FC1DF961" bold="true" box="[794,955,1690,1715]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<typeStatus id="171A883AFF9EA8738B2FD9B6FCF5F961" box="[794,851,1690,1715]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
6 stations between
<geoCoordinate id="AD95505FFF9EA8738C9DD9B6FB59F961" box="[1192,1279,1689,1715]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="925" value="39.816666">39°49′N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AD95505FFF9EA8738D3DD9B6FA2CF961" box="[1288,1418,1689,1715]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-68.475">68°28′30″W</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="AD95505FFF9EA8738B7FD996FC61F901" box="[842,967,1721,1747]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="15" seconds="30" value="36.275">36°16′30″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AD95505FFF9EA8738BF9D996FB8FF901" box="[972,1065,1721,1747]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" precision="925" value="-68.35">68°21′W</geoCoordinate>
, 924-2,620 fms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80BB6513FF9EA87C8B2FD9D6FE50F981" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF9EA87C8B2FD9D6FE5DFC61" blockId="87.[794,1418,1786,2131]" lastBlockId="88.[170,794,826,1619]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738B2FD9D6FC2EF8C1" bold="true" box="[794,904,1786,1811]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks:</emphasis>
Until now,
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738C36D9D6FB08F8C1" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1027,1198,1786,1811]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738C36D9D6FB08F8C1" box="[1027,1198,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abra americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been identified as the Pliocene fossil
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738C28D836FA20F8E1" authority="(Scacchi, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Scacchi" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1053,1414,1818,1843]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallus">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738C28D836FB6BF8E1" box="[1053,1229,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abra longicallus</emphasis>
(Scacchi, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, originally classified within the genus
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738C8ED816FA2CF881" authority="Linne, 1758" authorityName="Linne" authorityYear="1758" box="[1211,1418,1850,1875]" class="Bivalvia" family="Tellinidae" genus="Tellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738C8ED816FAA7F881" box="[1211,1281,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Tellina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF9EA8738D3DD816FA2CF881" author="Linne, C." box="[1288,1418,1850,1875]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref79268" refString="Linne, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, 10 th ed. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae. Stockholm, vol. 1: 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linné, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="509A2A1DFF9EA8738B15D876FC27F8A1" box="[800,897,1882,1907]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="88.[170,229,688,713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetId="figure-535@88.[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 59. Studied Abra spp.: (A) replication of figure by Scacchi (1834: fig. 6) of his Italian fossil Tellina longicallus; (B-E) shells details of A. americana; (B) MZSP 117015,off Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,left valve,outer view (L 15.4 mm); (C) same,inner view;(D) same,detail of hinge;(E) MZSP 116911, right valve, detail of hinge. Scale:= 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14705704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14705704/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 59A</figureCitation>
), and described from
<collectingRegion id="0A65F87AFF9EA8738CB4D876FB6EF8A1" box="[1153,1224,1882,1907]" country="Italy" name="Puglia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Puglia</collectingRegion>
, in the southern region of
<collectingCountry id="B0B67608FF9EA8738BBCD856FC1CF841" box="[905,954,1914,1939]" name="Italy" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Italy</collectingCountry>
. Initially proposed as a subspecies (technically a variety) of
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738BC5D8B6FB32F861" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1008,1172,1946,1971]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallis">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738BC5D8B6FB32F861" box="[1008,1172,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Abra longicallis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(an unjustified emendation of
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738BB3D896FC5FF801" baseAuthorityName="Scacchi" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[902,1017,1978,2003]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallus">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738BB3D896FC5FF801" box="[902,1017,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">longicallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by Verrill &amp; Bush in 1898, some authors adopted this classification, while most considered it a synonym (refer to synonymy above). In the original description, Verrill &amp; Bush (1898: 778) emphasized that the
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738B76D716FC6EF781" box="[835,968,2106,2131]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="variety" variety="then">variety then</taxonomicName>
designated as
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF9EA8738C5CD716FB7AF781" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1129,1244,2106,2131]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF9EA8738C5CD716FB7AF781" box="[1129,1244,2106,2131]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the European [fossil] form (
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8986DC16FDB8FC81" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[435,542,826,851]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallis">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8986DC16FDB8FC81" box="[435,542,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">longicallis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) &quot;in having the lateral tooth less remote, and the cartilage-pit or chondrophore longer, the antero-dorsal margin more convex, and the whole shell relatively broader.&quot;
</paragraph>
<caption id="9CDE6610FF91A87C889FDD9CFE81FCDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14705704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14705704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14705704/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[170,229,688,713]" targetBox="[170,1493,204,658]" targetPageId="88" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF91A87C889FDD9CFE81FCDB" blockId="88.[170,1494,688,777]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Figure 59. Studied
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8965DD9CFE06FD1B" box="[336,416,688,713]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8965DD9CFED0FD1B" bold="true" box="[336,374,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Abra</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
: (A) replication of figure by
<bibRefCitation id="AC304B69FF91A87C8AB6DD9CFD53FD1B" author="Scacchi, A." box="[643,757,688,713]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="75 - 84" refId="ref81724" refString="Scacchi, A., 1834 - 1835. Notizie intorno alle conchiglie ed a'zoofiti fossili che si trovano nelle vicinanze di Gravina in Puglia. Annali Civili del Regno delle Due Sicilie, 6 (12): 75 - 84." type="journal article" year="1834">Scacchi (1834</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6) of his Italian fossil
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8BF9DD9CFBF9FD1B" bold="true" box="[972,1119,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8BF9DD9CFBFFFD1B" authorityName="Scacchi" authorityYear="1835" box="[972,1113,688,713]" class="Bivalvia" family="Tellinidae" genus="Tellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallus">Tellina longicallus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
(B-E) shells details of
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8D23DD9CFA22FD1B" bold="true" box="[1302,1412,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8D23DD9CFAD9FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1302,1407,688,713]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">A. americana</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
(B) MZSP 117015,off Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,left valve,outer view (L 15.4 mm); (C) same,inner view;(D) same,detail of hinge;(E) MZSP 116911, right valve, detail of hinge. Scale:= 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF91A87C88E5DC96FE8CFA41" blockId="88.[170,794,826,1619]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
By examining the original image of the fossil (
<figureCitation id="509A2A1DFF91A87C8884DCF6FEA9FC21" box="[177,271,986,1011]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="88.[170,229,688,713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetId="figure-535@88.[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 59. Studied Abra spp.: (A) replication of figure by Scacchi (1834: fig. 6) of his Italian fossil Tellina longicallus; (B-E) shells details of A. americana; (B) MZSP 117015,off Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,left valve,outer view (L 15.4 mm); (C) same,inner view;(D) same,detail of hinge;(E) MZSP 116911, right valve, detail of hinge. Scale:= 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14705704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14705704/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 59A</figureCitation>
) and comparing it to a typical shell of the living
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C88E2DCD6FECFFBC1" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[215,361,1018,1043]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C88E2DCD6FECFFBC1" box="[215,361,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">A. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="509A2A1DFF91A87C894DDCD6FE63FBC1" box="[376,453,1018,1043]" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="88.[170,229,688,713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetId="figure-535@88.[170,1493,204,658]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 59. Studied Abra spp.: (A) replication of figure by Scacchi (1834: fig. 6) of his Italian fossil Tellina longicallus; (B-E) shells details of A. americana; (B) MZSP 117015,off Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,left valve,outer view (L 15.4 mm); (C) same,inner view;(D) same,detail of hinge;(E) MZSP 116911, right valve, detail of hinge. Scale:= 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14705704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14705704/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
B-E), it becomes evident that, in addition to the features highlighted in the original description, the shells of the living population have a more pointed and centrally positioned umbo (in contrast to the fossil, which has a rounded umbo located more posteriorly). The sub-umbonal cardinal teeth are more developed, while the posterior cardinal teeth are shorter. Furthermore, the posterior edge is more rounded in the living species, whereas the fossil species exhibits a more angular shape. Additionally, the out- er surface appears smoother in the living population, while the fossil species appears more concentrically sculptured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C81E3698FF91A87C88E5DAB6FE50F981" blockId="88.[170,794,826,1619]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Taking into account the temporal and geographical separation, along with the conchological differences explored above,the most appropriate taxonomic approach appears to be retaining
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8985DAD6FD9AF9C1" authorityName="Scacchi" authorityYear="1835" box="[432,572,1530,1555]" class="Bivalvia" family="Tellinidae" genus="Tellina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longicallus">
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8985DAD6FD9AF9C1" box="[432,572,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">A. longicallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
solely for the Italian fossil species and designating the living Atlantic deep-water species as
<emphasis id="FAD5EA8AFF91A87C8956D916FE50F981" box="[355,502,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="0FA14D1BFF91A87C8956D916FE54F981" baseAuthorityName="Verril &amp; Bush" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[355,498,1594,1619]" class="Bivalvia" family="Semelidae" genus="Abra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="americana">A. americana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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