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<mods:title id="0E5347739C2DF398988EBCCD180DDE22">Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2D61B20D97A6EEF3A7235759CC98C2F">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F2E526212259523A2410CD874F6BAEE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1C102C8EA1A015AA0E18460C71AAE262">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="32C1F45123D0B142EAE9822CC1F19C34">Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8B540674F2E6139813F81EF7A9D795E5">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="54B39050AECFC6A110438EF666BDCBD3">Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CD6B578CB7959C65D2B6C78890676BB2">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="42395AF887CDEB7E67520FC904F0003C">Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E1265BC07E5F2E3C4E84AC680FC2BF01">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5CCB6E6F9CD8896AA243E0543AF0CE45">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FDB4ECF3614067878E761C3438DBEEEF">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="3FF6BDB5A6D4C9CF7C933035A9E6A124" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3FF6BDB5A6D4C9CF7C933035A9E6A124" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FF6BDB5A6D4C9CF7C933035A9E6A124" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="034AE1F0066273D25B00392C66ABBB3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="16EBC5BFD67D541E37C84C21FDC9B04B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
40.
<taxonomicName id="E0669E1988DC5052D755FED5F5971741" ID-CoL="QT88" authority="(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891." authorityName="(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2665006EABC0A147F82B9CF43FCADC3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="3D65E824D87DD2CF9D6364228A6DC08C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="928B3694B3389A769431B37B74379431" captionStart="Figure 112" captionStartId="F112" captionText="Figure 112. Capsicum rhomboideum A reproductive branch B flower C calyx D eglandular trichome of the calyx E, F branched trichomes of the calyx G glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx H sector of opened corolla I eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes J gynoecium K fruit L fruit, in cross section M anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp) N seed O seed, in cross section P structure of seed coat at the seed margin Q structure of seed coat at the seed body R embryo A from Parra V. 089 B-D, G-J from Moore 3831 E, F from Haught &amp; Svenson 11621 K-R from Acosta Solis 14234. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Hunziker (2001), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure112" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695527" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 112</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BEA1B8F9C2946533B86BAF49C1D209DA" captionStart="Figure 113" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figure 113. Capsicum rhomboideum A plant B main stem with lenticels flower buds C branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size D reproductive branch E flower bud F flower, in lateral view G flower, seen from behind H, J flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively I node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars K mature fruits A, J from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4854 B, D-F from Leiva Gonzalez 6585 C, G from Barboza et al. 5050 H, I, K from M. Scaldaferro 73. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 113</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DCD2237D9690E2B0608895649170EBDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="475204D93B4D2A24D94534861AFEF20B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4CF1E3EF3AF2659D1F720819F8B23C43" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Solan. Syn. 1. 1816. Type. Colombia. Quindio: &quot;Mont Quindiu&quot;, F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P-Bonpl. [P00670657]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E40EE197D68A1500AE2B9C3CF74D2B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="23928FAA9DC5865A1B3EC9A044ADA84D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Solan. Syn. 1. 1816. Type. Ecuador. Pasto: Pasto, F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P-Bonpl. [P00670658]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5987DDF05ECBB28F8A41CBB8C458364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="75C6762E8CB66F86406C1E372DF65635" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] (quarto ed.) 3: 11. 1818. Type. Ecuador. Pasto: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4CAF1BADC291A24AF14D9DC379191D56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Crescit" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crescit" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Crescit</taxonomicName>
in Andibus frigidis Pastoensium prope Tulcan, alt. 1580 hex.&quot; [474 m], F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P [not found]; isotype: B destroyed, photo F neg. 2875]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF727476A4F0784E544CA6DEB80D95B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="555D8AA1DAB643BAFBB6DE77ACC55AD2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] (quarto ed.) 3: 12. 1818. Type. Peru. Cajamarca: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="E6AD58739D249508C09A048D08BF5DBE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Crescit" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crescit" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Crescit</taxonomicName>
in Regno Peruviano prope urbem Caxamarca, alt. 1500 hex&quot; [450 m], F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P-Bonpl. [P00670656]; isotype: B [destroyed, photo F neg. 2877]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="558C7C828B22BC0A1D28039206A6D4F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="87643E2D4EAEB123750F7D25F193C9B2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">Capsicum aggregatum</taxonomicName>
Willd. ex Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 809. 1819. Type. No locality information given &quot;Habitat
<normalizedToken id="EA03B4F049CB8E84870D3C0F44F04C51" originalValue="…”">...&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;
<taxonomicName id="C03CBF45C95BA19CBDB3A838E6ADAF10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">Capsicum aggregatum</taxonomicName>
, herb. Willd.)&quot; (holotype: B [B-W04434-01-0]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E57D2D3754C90856221D2967D44CEFD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7AF61EEC05E6F25EB58B0C5020231F83" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3: 29. 1844. Type. Cultivated in Berlin Botanical Garden, Germany &quot;In Mexico- (Floruit in horto Berolinensi botanico mense Aprili anni 1841)&quot; (no specimens cited; no original material found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7DA3B6414FEB2BE84CB0DD6C900422E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DAAAE1DEB615DEB47861144FCB2B664B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus ciliatus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatus">Brachistus ciliatus</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 263. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="072ACD621B656520F5BFD49ED0E4AA47" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="321D3E4B50378DE36E9A1365D551BB83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="804554847C81C6DC46ADAA22BAAFBE3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus rhomboideus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideus">Brachistus rhomboideus</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 264. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="200F93B920CC5316BB7ED41932A9DC50" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F94485B49AFA64BAEC69A8B818D2BE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D06C508DEAAA0E13898F585E99736E15" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Brachistus mollis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 264. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="232A98BA7CC944D8B4010011420BF8E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA08A6FD592F7F752D442C1D3E5909A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="20F56D652863975E9BC247786CEBA2A6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Brachistus dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 265. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="3AC1AA243C1A467E59B3822E9BADB004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="349BA201ACA9D8D2E98E3F692E09B36D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9207E57C4E8E860C2366E49361BFB5DD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus diversifolius" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolius">Brachistus diversifolius</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch ex Walp.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 268. 1849. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="0D46523A5494179906B964F7961B0E26" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F931FAB8C703447DD079DBBFE658753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="622EFDE5F47F9ED22F421B3282F8A629" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia luteiflora" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteiflora">Fregirardia luteiflora</taxonomicName>
Dunal ex Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monsp.: 7. 1849. Type. Cultivated in Montpellier, France. &quot;Hort. Montpellier&quot;, 17 Feb 1849, M.F. Dunal s.n. (lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="115EE6C33E7C29FB1E1843F4A817AC70" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">Hunziker 1971</bibRefCitation>
, p. 253: MPU, second step designated here: MPU [MPU023032]); isolectotypes: HBG [HBG-511320, G-DC [G00200559], MPU [MPU023031]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0852D28A4B073BAAE4CC27B35348F135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="771097AF7D0F1B5DD853E2260D5C2C75" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Fregirardia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 504. 1852. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="995BBE76E2B715B32DEDBF86EC2F4834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC905008BE7F06A5B3383058CC357B79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="511659B2AD13AE219149CD44BAF558A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Fregirardia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 504. 1852. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="42D37F95912F1DBA772DCE0DA0F04475" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B388471C59752F4974A7BE451456684A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FB370FD7C33FC50DBA73165B491CC1F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Fregirardia mollis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 505. 1852. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="83702EC06A0FCFCB3576D0AAF56CF0AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BFBC1EBCF3262D7219E19C4AA5EED35" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FC12D8BDC5F9A750EE9627E186E7CA12" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 505. 1852. Type. Venezuela. Distrito Federal: Circa Caracas, 1830,
<emphasis id="64EC107C1969063102A5845D9C668965" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.M. Vargas 249</emphasis>
(holotype: G-DC [G00200549; isotype: MPU [MPU023030]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C0B2475E344939942456BB59BFDF26E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8FBD085BD7341742EB9C85A7D39996D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Solanum mendax</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="9BDF6A9ECAD891C61CDD4769FCAC963A" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck): 61. 1870. Type. Ecuador. Tungurahua:
<normalizedToken id="419C6218E1E82922729E41A22580C117" originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
, Aug 1857,
<emphasis id="B23775BBA02690C44F8285523717DC93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Spruce 5050</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="BA2EB79C0038A5724C8FE9F7D9D9724D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 29: K [K000201915]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000777290], E [E00202462], G (G0342803, G00342804], GH [GH00077720], K [K000201792, K000201915], MO [MO-1287475, acc. # 1691274, MO-1287476, acc. # 1781034], P [P00410209], W [W-Rchb. 1889-0294613, W-Rchb. 1889-0223014]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38B885A0AB9144ED99DF5E73E255BD0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6253A46113A4767A40DB40ED62944C74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Brachistus pringlei</taxonomicName>
S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 159. 1890. Type. Mexico. Nuevo
<normalizedToken id="15E40260118B05C32C9D07119CDF3B4B" originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
: in the Sierra de la Silla near Monterrey, 28 May 1889,
<emphasis id="F19A62263180C0415442480C7DC33846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. G. Pringle 2544</emphasis>
(holotype: GH [00936714]; isotypes: AC [AC00320467], BKL [BKL00004329], BR [BR0000005530854, BR0000005531189], CM [CM1923, acc. # 260433], COLO [00352195], E [E00570143], EAP [EAP71917], F [v0072759F], G [G00342807], GOET [GOET003410], K [K000585889], KFTA [KFTA0002452, KFTA0002453], M [M-0171536], MEL [MEL2442144], MEXU [00028827], MO [MO-022273, acc. # 3727961; MO-153287, acc. # 1768532], NA [NA-0026220], NDG [NDG44985], NY [00138549, 00138550], P [P00410033, P00410034], PH [PH00008049], PUL [PUL00000045], RSA [RSA0006263, acc. # 102428], S [acc. # S-G-1004], UC [UC548235], US [00027409, acc. # 48601], VT [UVMVT026402], W [acc. # 1890-0000820], WU [acc. # 0033958]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2419BD9F58B43607ED3B2C898A8D44C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2C9657B6DBB39A54BA55E0224BAF47EF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">Capsicum ciliatum</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="1779A65498B441CE3D8CA9B6E1637A4D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79E0BD612980371E42BD0B19B43EDC78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5A39693F8E0138B0EA61671D0AF8A7C1" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum diversifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolium">Capsicum diversifolium</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch ex Walp.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="922F646D00125B17B03B02FA08054A4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7737BC83B310ED6D1C46CC3A6EDE3AFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6B898C3B40AB0403285E73D69E4A5F37" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Capsicum dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="01CDBF5DA1087F5660858CDDC7C95857" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="506B1C252E5EF54C8C0BF68061E535DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DB1CC9B6C0B74179EB3D5622D5ADFDF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum molle" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molle">Capsicum molle</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="B82A2E81DDF7B89C63E7E72EAF7E8337" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A57CB0C51120B029792DAD2A37250AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3EAD4ED7DC6A221B7E6844927C902E0A" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Capsicum vargasii</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450.1891. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="F29ACE8696F2056711024D36D60F771B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E490388D5EDD3FCD51E6C072CEF717A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C4EA26566B4C4BE9121CCC09864C49E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Capsicum mendax</taxonomicName>
(Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="A96A9F7B607CEB0CD4068A49ED65D27D" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg.) J.F.Macbr., Candollea 5: 402. 1934. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="F44ECBD37CF2204CA8134C6E7DEF8944" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Solanum mendax</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp;
<normalizedToken id="AB5C90E181C81B687E99DB36C9B87AA6" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E247C075A84D964FC890EE44D16E3D0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9562B458A79811033D7368FDE8BD83F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Brachistus haughtii</taxonomicName>
Svenson, Amer. J. Bot. 33: 481, t. 19, f. 2. 1946. Type. Peru. Piura: summit of Cerro Prieto,
<geoCoordinate id="4FB2D1D06442CF70EBC8BDD325D859E9" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.75">4°45'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E78CC2143ECFE046748A5347EBA88094" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.25">81°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2500 ft elev., 28/30 Mar 1941,
<emphasis id="66CE787F104C6F6110EE0D48FD970494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Haught &amp; H.K. Svenson 11621</emphasis>
(holotype: BKL [BKL00004328]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245FE0D5A29461208CED6C47EFD979C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="AB95E6977EC86C2B625B119A871ACC50" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Capsicum pringlei</taxonomicName>
(S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. &amp; Standl., Publ. Field
<taxonomicName id="97DA0DFD4B3876241CCF3EAD2C0B9DCF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Mus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 173. 1936. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="2C1119D3A2CD589E098A043FE47CF08B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Brachistus pringlei</taxonomicName>
S.Watson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="364359BA0BA62171B9EBCF576F36AB1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="94DCE435134819ACEDBFDA02859BBA8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Brachistus vargasii</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Pittier, Cat. Fl. Venez. [Pittier] 2: 358. 1947. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="EEC932CD33273AE4762EBDD7C752A8B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BF35764B893438D1B53DDF63E26A00A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2E7E786973CE6604EFD9D0EE4B7F58A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Capsicum haughtii</taxonomicName>
(Svenson) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field
<taxonomicName id="2583C15830BCC8A17D1C06C830B258A6" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Mus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13 (V-B, 1): 72. 1962. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="4071CB6C1FFEFD47D178EE319BB14CA2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Brachistus haughtii</taxonomicName>
Svenson.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ACBD686994C042C2E719003377DE61FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4AC6EB14165123230B9CDDAF654C28F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="4D432D2496EF1C5270505BEA86D2232F">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FF7C08101539D7D0D0E9ADDEBF6C07D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on
<taxonomicName id="6DD3B31644CA45D59070C92044841945" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">
<emphasis id="CFF8FE0B4F8EE40E372E224B784D5488" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia rhomboidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDDA6C2A8C84DEEDF80772E340736E04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="A42312C3C18E820752E29244477B0762" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A89FE4271AE3CCE02E5B500570A8604D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect, slender and sprawling shrubs or rarely trees (0.5-) 2-3 (-5) m tall, with the main stem 1.8-2.5 cm in diameter at base, profusely branched above, the branches erect or decumbent. Young stems terete or slightly angled, somewhat rigid, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent with white or rarely ochraceous, antrorse or spreading, simple, uniseriate, eglandular trichomes 0.3-0.9 mm long or furcate to 3-5-branched (or more) trichomes 0.2-0.8 (-1.5) mm long; nodes green; bark of older stems longitudinally ridged, grey, dark brown or brownish-purple; lenticels abundant, white or light brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size and similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves membranous, discolorous, dark green, slightly glossy above, dull light green, with the primary vein raised beneath, moderately pubescent to glabrous adaxially, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially, with similar antrorse trichomes like those of the stems, sometimes a tuft of trichomes in the vein axils beneath; blades of major leaves (4-) 4.8-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, ovate, elliptic or rhomboid-ovate, the major veins 4-6 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate or truncate, sometimes asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex acute or obtuse-acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 (-1.8) cm, with moderate to dense pubescence of spreading trichomes; blades of minor leaves 2-3 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, ovate or rhomboid-ovate, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute or obtuse; petioles 0.3-0.8 cm with similar pubescence as major leaves. Inflorescences axillary, 3-8 (-13)-flowers per axil, rarely solitary; flowering pedicels (8-) 11-28 mm, terete or slightly striate, pendent, non-geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrescent to densely pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short or long, spreading or antrorse; pedicels scars conspicuous, corky. Buds globose, yellow or green. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 2.7-3.8 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, cup-shaped, green, glabrescent to densely pubescent with antrorse or spreading simple, furcate or dendritic trichomes 0.3-0.8 mm long, the calyx appendages usually five (rare 3-4), 0.9-3 mm long, subequal, erect or spreading, linear-subulate, 0.0-0.3 mm below the margin, with the same pubescence as the calyx tube. Corolla (5-) 6-10 mm long, (8-) 10-12 mm in diameter, yellow, sometimes tinged greenish outside and within, campanulate or campanulate-rotate with a wide interpetalar membrane connecting the lobes up to the distal end, hardly lobed, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube (4.4-) 5.4-9 mm long, the lobes 0.6-1 mm long, 1.6-1.9 mm wide, broadly ovate, the margins finely ciliate, the tips cucullate, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 1.2-2.3 mm long, pale yellow or light green, inserted on the corolla 1-1.3 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers (1.4-) 1.6-2.3 mm long, ellipsoid, pale yellow or yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.3-1.6 mm long, 1.2-1.3 mm in diameter, greenish-white, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary 0.5-0.6 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 3.9-5.8 mm long, barely exserted beyond the anthers, pale yellow, clavate; stigma 0.25-0.5 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, usually bilobed, light green. Berry 5-9 mm in diameter, globose or globose-depressed, green when immature, bright red turning dark burgundy at maturity, non-pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, lacking giant cells (endocarp smooth); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 15-35 mm long, pendent, terete or angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green, the appendages 3-6 mm long, spreading or reflexed. Seeds 24-60 per fruit, 2.4-2.8 mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm wide, C-shaped, reniform, rarely teardrop-shaped, dark brown, rarely light brown, the seed coat reticulate (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls mostly sinuate, wavy at margins; embryo annular or imbricate.</paragraph>
<caption id="79BBF78E2349B8B8767A7438A86CBA22" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure112" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695527" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 112" startId="F112">
<paragraph id="07D64218B2CEC79603570B7841205E2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="53BC6BCB7C80C2BA48692BA57D46FF59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 112.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B3A3CB7F1C4F1CE96FFAE616D8E10AD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="923CDB0C2E8DA8A5BD5E354E6B206CAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F20C8775595771A40B444E7D015F2563" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
reproductive branch
<emphasis id="5F00475BEBEA602E257267E6764C4015" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="B153DE1DAA7F3C114030BAAB653AF90C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
calyx
<emphasis id="2A6200357B541809CAD21234AFA019F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the calyx
<emphasis id="91F6859B8187685D325006C80F896852" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
branched trichomes of the calyx
<emphasis id="94728003FEC84D713E568A064C8C6691" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx
<emphasis id="62E9D8E4507074E1C46F33AFE7F2895C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
sector of opened corolla
<emphasis id="ABD540809E4C0A9139AB3923B0EE3059" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes
<emphasis id="60716B5B90A4218D9C53321625084473" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
gynoecium
<emphasis id="7FE017C6CA4D72A6088BCD5F1C2EF7CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis id="4EAE198EF2C74D240BF660E20319C599" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
fruit, in cross section
<emphasis id="F651B5DFD3B41BF475BBCFF6D1DF7AC9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp)
<emphasis id="85B8EDE86C3FF02EF1889BCCFFEDC204" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
seed
<emphasis id="B110F2E1E42217E5355F11B3F1D26871" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
seed, in cross section
<emphasis id="7C49E26EF773E684EB557346C073527D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed margin
<emphasis id="3109168CCB6A7A47C99DA4D4C4A8E247" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed body
<emphasis id="9E09C87E1BBA787E7C6C66A0056663A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
embryo
<emphasis id="A31E826B573C70B01E9E5DB581CEEBCB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="7A5FDF9691FFD4CEFF2C397853ECFD15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Parra V. 089</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0424677929FF3B085AD7133DD3EF2974" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D, G-J</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="98DFE4169B18EBF98298BD6A371DE077" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moore 3831</emphasis>
<emphasis id="88FB704C45E99634A0B11814A0DD900E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="804B9F10DCD55E72EF85A9033F884166" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haught &amp; Svenson 11621</emphasis>
<emphasis id="77B788C1C14169E4BE7BA596D9EDE579" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K-R</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="BD264014DABF6E61129C54F925A89748" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Acosta
<normalizedToken id="8E53DAD8747AE27A294F30A36E21F5A5" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
14234
</emphasis>
. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in
<bibRefCitation id="DEE02C2E58DACA8A09B7319259C533CC" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D7C1E319D5C3A072E2BAE7C214A18FE5" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 113" startId="F113">
<paragraph id="F4DD0A075F8D2606682D78ACB44BCA08" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="527E1BF96C4B23C1C6D93EE25FF33AAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 113.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA0F5F008237BCC5460E4BCCB02368D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="40CFD96D7B2984FC9D9CC0152007D44D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="06091E0A636AC7432F358AB89F82B4F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant
<emphasis id="9DC52D0B6DA19E16798BEE9C58D00873" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
main stem with lenticels flower buds
<emphasis id="5B9D8875C2FC9E3DB017F8E816EB2687" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size
<emphasis id="6C9F534DB92BABF104AE47E3F2984C29" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
reproductive branch
<emphasis id="2187529F69AD3BCA4E5D06DDA921DFA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
flower bud
<emphasis id="CF7FCFF2D8A3140A1DD8238813D01718" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower, in lateral view
<emphasis id="B4C236E98A993223CFAEFC2CD8C17AD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
flower, seen from behind
<emphasis id="7D1A739D46C48446BDC5316A212AED89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, J</emphasis>
flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively
<emphasis id="C778934D2A8E9CF48B084641BC847E1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars
<emphasis id="3B1AED6D426C84E145538184DB4AEA10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
mature fruits
<emphasis id="4FF8272D93575593C30513FA7723608A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, J</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="EB7EB7FCDF60559C32C5DECC91BEC946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva
<normalizedToken id="7264DB036D6DB6CB6F5A7482E2F80EC1" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4854
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="57B831B2773EE5594D65560BAEAC8C5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D-F</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="E886735419C9A988FAE3E35B4FF59A68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Leiva
<normalizedToken id="A0F9BF5FC76F9A64BBC21B5816D6C7AA" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
6585
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D77119A639C3072884FEDD25C8503E73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, G</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="7C3BF4F501653279A2E89ED0691E15DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5050</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0D4C07D81289C90AC2F18EE0EDA1640F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I, K</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="808396D2516D2D1FF84BE8030806DA95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Scaldaferro 73</emphasis>
. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA231D00FF6E9EFADC3AEA692045D81F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="74CE8E5D0A295EB88353B2EFA7E3135F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2D82C2ABAE5F7D2609555F5E11FA0D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="72C022A12B75255997B2EDF82FE70EAF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="96575492E1403578918903ED9B16450E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed from Mexico and Central America to northern Peru (Fig.
<figureCitation id="568DF1FAB4A6549D5530A357EB0EA3F3" captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="F114" captionText="Figure 114. Distribution of C. rhomboideum and C. schottianum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695529" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">114</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E6F81772BB9D62642F5726CB4490ED1C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695529" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 114" startId="F114">
<paragraph id="13B8B415780C329820501411C12FBABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2477C5806E2BED0B6C81FFEA7422CBBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 114.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="582949894D09D7C4DF8C0E8CD04F1F37" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="1AAAFF5485C8634EE1BFDDA32A11B1AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F9E1C135076C1071FB01517481E17553" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis id="61EA5B0425E0C4826FFC39A01D65D293" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEFBB5BCB28591EF925002E41D5E4787" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="0C5377D3CDE93D73E50C00917611115B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16C198254C0F40CEA1E1BEF2A4D6946D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="CAB217AA37EF3187A91FB01B5249599A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="671E2BF3BD9FA49594378D6609FC7D02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ecologically adapted to different vegetation formations, but grows mostly in xerophytic thickets and dry forests or in tropical deciduous forests, at 250-2,500 (-3,000) m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F78A3DED1DB08B040DCBF98B79FC52A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="EBCCE6AC4046D3FB8C22DA58AE52FEB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D65486F6E0CD11B0A4B809BD8EBD004C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting all year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DAC4D8F8877033717035EC3AF318D299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="8A3272CCBBB1B3379C1723FA460BF9B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43A1ED81CFEB5C3EE8C3456824747727" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2
<emphasis id="ADD6BB729A0143BB9A3C22445FD82D59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 2x = 26 (
<bibRefCitation id="1D801E5D65C0866FA42B70D1AF09EF61" author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">Pickersgill 1977</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="6FE4E3FF4EBF3006D57579269C5C6465" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis id="5FF389FBB4BD341A1305F4EDD366F3DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C2955FC784F549A3D1D487CE7FF8311F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5159F83DDE73714E1A0E6BC7235BD892" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="693 - 709" refId="B428" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Moscone, EA, 2013. Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60 (2): 693 - 709, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" title="Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" volume="60" year="2013">Scaldaferro et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90F617981C172ACB1721D6400A0FD07F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph id="FF0B3491D358A3434978A31C25D1E0D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B45EB529382F11B9732D649A504EE6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C790D8CE9DCC20D9AD21BD34DA48DF2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
: Tinto (Norte de Santander,
<emphasis id="AFD01340DF9271AEDC259A153399AC46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garganta 857</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="4B29934F223E6F7EBA8DB1B4A3132AE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="0483832235631017C5490758FAA826F3" originalValue="Arrayán">Arrayan</normalizedToken>
(Chimborazo,
<emphasis id="2E121D828BA8CE596A56546336CD6CF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="8B226921990F318CBD6DF7F9251BB219" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
15714
</emphasis>
), Motupe (Imbabura,
<emphasis id="D1A1BFEC58F0A9B5E65B03562070FEAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vivar C. s.n.</emphasis>
), Caspi morocho (Chimborazo,
<emphasis id="89D5C45A352E0FD421D423971875AF8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolnik 1594</emphasis>
), Hierva dura (Carchi,
<emphasis id="A1D70B5EAC6B903916C1C837DC370750" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="50E26FBFB0A8303B1C968F25060AFF76" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
11092
</emphasis>
), Hierba mora (Pichincha,
<emphasis id="AA6420F302C5DA08191BFD8781400269" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="C31B06914476D1E65EDA454D5DCA36D0" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
6953
</emphasis>
), 7 varas (Pichincha,
<emphasis id="93E2FFAE26B055B7E5D8A76B7B7B3330" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="AC1962209D00474B55EEBDEE7F8EC956" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
13171
</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="22D863AB8CAF0B7AEE3375197F36EF5D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">El Salvador</emphasis>
: Mora silvestre (San Miguel,
<emphasis id="AAC1C2A48211163250BCA4D9DB1FC3CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Villacorta et al. 2819</emphasis>
), Veranera silvestre (
<normalizedToken id="3B2B2690D19C121EEE0DCE67E1482438" originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="C0757AEBEB6658E6CB17529881A30299" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sandoval 308</emphasis>
), Arito de
<normalizedToken id="AA92C600EE698D77650C31259EACA33B" originalValue="niña">nina</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="1A22DBFA07F7124FFBDA4F7DE04592E3" originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="C2A58F3972D02B06B081D456BC5DE209" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sandoval 550</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="AC1C5178E16B35F29A7337D46F7B4CC9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venezuela</emphasis>
: Cachimbito (Distrito Federal,
<emphasis id="A0CBB30FBE5CCC9519FE4D02E647367A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buschel s.n.</emphasis>
),
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BCF8D4D55499C0B29B9C9065D3701A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="indigenous name">
<paragraph id="F1EF18F0F554B2958165F5F3E1374673" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indigenous name.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="514FF7FB90CD806735871375A71613DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="044CA948E538A4003EB90517B1349714" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico.</emphasis>
Tumaltez (Tzeltal, Chiapas,
<emphasis id="A2C4F988FA6B0A269D612AE074E8EF73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Alonso
<normalizedToken id="9274033E12339FB51C17C4C48AC0A420" originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
7709
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A3609AA16C927ACD0104966344AD72B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph id="0A84CED53DE4D99D3BC136AEEC38B373" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F245845EEE23C682F6AD995109D99103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5AE764891911F1C11F7967E095F78C0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
. Long stems are used to make drum hoops (
<emphasis id="221620E2418B90628BEBFE7327D82513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="E9F21FBAB75664D5C4943D7D35E4CD97" originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
13171
</emphasis>
). Used in medicine (see Table
<tableCitation id="F32DFF7D41EE14B5236B90CABC980E21" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Medicinal uses attributed to Capsicum species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1">3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A09C36817BEFD49EAB00778F83070E8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph id="D2851BAF1AD2A48321915787C79FB50D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD0D01E5A0173F260C9069C86F18B2D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (7,747,997.619 km2); AOO (1,964 km2).
<taxonomicName id="7F5706ADC192CB4FB1181A269BD13CE6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="A6152AB729DE58EE3E603C40D9A2E411" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread from Mexico to Peru; we assign the Least Concern (LC) status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E57CF02C0E99A6470A99A41319CD5E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7ED5936293EB13077A7743B4E3F94969" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00F9F2CFCBD56435C25456F4B89A756B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9D60D00C280D9BD93C139F4FA5D580AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="66048FE7D3C11E4D58C3139B4AA62E43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the Andean clade (
<bibRefCitation id="55F81F7564FCBCC935B36701C0460CDC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo
<normalizedToken id="7234DA8E7ADE8901D0D71DA42DCD38EC" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). This species is one of the most polymorphic and widespread and has the largest synonymy of all the wild species of
<taxonomicName id="CBB0690A0199C9BBFBACBD885A563090" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="15DF9F217A9FF971A0CED0CC2DC93297" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="9BC684A27FD3BC745300738AD750B90C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="CD5D674E19D05F8CCDE57621290C8B6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive by its habit (shrubs or trees up to 5 m tall), the dark brown or brownish-purple bark with abundant lenticels, inflorescences up to 13-flowered, campanulate or campanulate-rotate yellow corollas, relatively small (5-9 mm in diameter) bright red turning dark burgundy non-pungent fruits, small dark brown seeds (2.4-2.8 mm long) and a mixture of simple and branched pubescence (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EC0622DEEA9CC84D563C942049939303" captionStart="Figure 113" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figure 113. Capsicum rhomboideum A plant B main stem with lenticels flower buds C branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size D reproductive branch E flower bud F flower, in lateral view G flower, seen from behind H, J flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively I node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars K mature fruits A, J from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4854 B, D-F from Leiva Gonzalez 6585 C, G from Barboza et al. 5050 H, I, K from M. Scaldaferro 73. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">113</figureCitation>
). While the reproductive characters are usually consistent along its wide distribution, the pubescence and leaf shape are the most variable features in
<taxonomicName id="98BD66E5C95AF302D219EFE05C95CACA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="59428A73E944F816C5676B6323C6C76D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this variation being responsible for the many different names given to this species. Some populations are densely pubescent with only simple eglandular trichomes or with both simple and branched trichomes, while others vary from moderately pubescent to glabrescent (a few, completely glabrous). Simple eglandular trichomes range from 3-8 (-11) cells, whereas branched trichomes can be furcate or variously 3-5 (or more)-branched (many branches in different directions). Highly branched trichomes are uncommon in the genus, this character also occurring in a few Brazilian species (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="47AF9CE9FAD6E89395A73EF1C0DD9F09" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longidentatum">
<emphasis id="88B5876E9E83EF3188ED4BC5423576FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longidentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D3A108E908CAE92A215F869D8E99D110" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. parviflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflorum">
<emphasis id="F3AFCBD7959A430E81441949A67F5FD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. parviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="76E9EEC9B89EAB206E803C3F7D88CA94" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="768 - 781" refId="B37" refString="Barboza, GE, Agra, MF, Romero, MV, Scaldaferro, MA, Moscone, EA, 2011. New endemic species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian caatinga: comparison with the re-circumscribed C. parvifolium. Systematic Botany 36 (3): 768 - 781, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" title="New endemic species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian caatinga: comparison with the re-circumscribed C. parvifolium." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" volume="36" year="2011">Barboza et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Leaf shape ranges from ovate, elliptic to rhomboid-ovate and, in some cases, the dissimilarity in size of the leaf pair is not obvious.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81BE4D60EB9F65BC4B55A27AC9E9F2A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Amongst the various names coined by
<bibRefCitation id="E74097E0EA342494E05862B45CB4C5F2" author="Kunth, KS" journalOrPublisher="Cramer, Weinheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B249" refString="Kunth, KS, 1818. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H.B.K.] Vol. 3. J. Cramer, Weinheim" title="Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H. B. K.] Vol. 3. J." year="1818">Kunth (1818)</bibRefCitation>
under
<taxonomicName id="0B3E3CAF5832B5CF4BB324477E627B8A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5525DE9AA96B69728051D1C060C1331" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(two of them here recognised as synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="3D72DB5BAA84C92AFC8E928EFFFFFD13" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="EFD06B41E7BF81EEB7C4FD914BBE0834" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is
<taxonomicName id="124282FC84831ACCF86317CC991C2193" lsidName="W. ciliata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="A8F8DA712F2D5ECBB5F7F682B72E6D7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on which
<taxonomicName id="7A89CF5FDAF1D3886CF4BDAB631E9814" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ciliatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis id="9901C5DC12F7CC4BB42A4F94C3ECD591" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based (
<bibRefCitation id="112191A6EB6BB400B70CF87F917CCEB7" author="Kuntze, CEO" journalOrPublisher="Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B250" refString="Kuntze, CEO, 1891. Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau &amp; Co., London" title="Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2." year="1891">Kuntze 1891</bibRefCitation>
). Although the name
<taxonomicName id="EC4CE05D58F7DBC763930ADF9A73CB88" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis id="50635973F908CE5A1F7AD316A3945FF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely used in literature (
<bibRefCitation id="F5F9F7BA072B58AD9F4C856242C9564A" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B197" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1956. Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect.4: 73-74." title="Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect. 4: 73 - 74." year="1956">Hunziker 1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2E2FB9C6DE87F1486B232DEB01DF06D0" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="678D30C7FA9E1C85A526E47327E04A76" author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 105" refId="B103" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1974. New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume. Baileya 19 (3): 93 - 105" title="New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume." volume="19" year="1974">
<normalizedToken id="E9641A592BF214445905E9712C6684B3" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Eshbaugh 1974
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F702004773EC33409A8BAE8445467322" author="Molina, RA" journalOrPublisher="Ceiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 118" refId="B302" refString="Molina, RA, 1975. Enumeracion de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19 (1): 1 - 118" title="Enumeracion de las plantas de Honduras." volume="19" year="1975">Molina 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3F3C5E7C2C30DAE1D13A11A377ACA452" author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" title="Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="11E1CECCA29439E3A36A32F6BA4FF387" author="Mitchell, C" journalOrPublisher="International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 11" refId="B299" refString="Mitchell, C, Eshbaugh, WH, Wilson, KG, Pittman, BK, 1989. Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study. International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter 12: 3 - 11" title="Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study." volume="12" year="1989">Mitchell et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="A2206D933812A898BCC5E50B61A2E6EA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis id="C754FF1A7BF57F84DB2C7E8A9DAC5F94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority and is the correct name for this entity (
<bibRefCitation id="555FF4820E15A3FE468E02EA5EB4BDA9" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48021B10542B73466A1BD3660369908F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We found in the P-Bonpland Herbarium a sheet (P00670656) that seems to be original material of
<taxonomicName id="4B4320655BD066181D20559FD1315ED2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="02D7F384912F4137412919DE39F550E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia mollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this is selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1B868EEB38AA276BC055088A1FB1011C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D915AEED78912ECCCF281CC201FEA092" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9689874EF5A4C11FAFE46FB77F235952" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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