343 lines
44 KiB
XML
343 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="7270" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbb326c8-8f97-44f4-a648-ec9f935ee293" ID-PMC="PMC8065025" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1032-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" ID-PubMed="33958915" ID-ZooBank="EBF7586A9EF748FEBFB53D8F1E372120" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1032-17" checkinTime="1618619371065" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Macharoenboon, Kongkit, Siriwut, Warut & Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai" docDate="2021" docId="3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1032: 17-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1032" docPubDate="2021-04-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001" docTitle="Thelacantha brevispina" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74" masterDocTitle="A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1732740955452" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="DBD8C50C3C6B23C27EC65F4D35F60154" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="54FC8A20360AE2E3F6B351C2A192A575">
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<mods:title id="41C57EE23784C25DA3417E5FE51B0EEB">A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="39C80DC3D1E60D62C11E8636464169E6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CCA018784BA33D1C227849E15BD422E3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F8F29BB08884277CDA45C6CCC26A5D96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3DFB1CD73BEB8D72B1DAE085E2219DFE">Macharoenboon, Kongkit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="334628AC056DF5561DA0BF7D23854419">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="968378C05605BFB36E0171EED40F4FEC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60472689B518E1F217E1ADB8A03D88DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FD2C558C499A9D315D5B63096E2897E3">Siriwut, Warut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5A04C0A5776E9AA63F3F507BBF55FC28">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AD69DC949AFAB792450E187F444FAD58" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2705A2B2C59F34B0554E246E0B8DF2BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="12A8EA765AC6AA36D32F85EEEDCEFE93">Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="227C99870669D58A4708CAF8BDBC6CD7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-9548</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E53F8738374C5B8952B0F1E43F98F4D">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="47F05738FCBCAEBAB17C1C53B4B1C0A5" type="email">ekgachai.jer@mahidol.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="01303358BC771523613EA7F7C7BB2A72">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C45D35076A5CED14145D476CF0821EE2">
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<mods:title id="3D8F2C1013848A83F0FE48240D8B4CEC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="16C2AB9155F85F03C79C4C792F15ED44">
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<mods:date id="E6FD4B5E83E324F51AA57AA95260238E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9B7486A7E08092BA337EE8D0CF37CE3C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="CBFED209DE1931A0D31526B71571A7DB">2021-04-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E124B3D0B249AFA0C88BD177DA3871BD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4CDE8CA6F2080C5A504C39F7BC9AF408">1032</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="4B8C7E42D529F2DE56289A61FB6B645A" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="1EC044DF37746B25B53AF1F67077F176">17</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="77E7E77B6B7BCF4E58B461F8A77CC7C4">62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="D4EEDA4079BA99F5B0E0D184918BDF90">
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<mods:url id="E5628D8474CC344A47E7B19507A74B48">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="AAB56B3E21A763BB6233F58E09D18938">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EA9DF3F4512958467E79B7F869DC916C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6C30369EE7EA5D439C28E685BABF5CE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1032-17</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4129449AF410A43E940742A736C06F9B" type="ZooBank">EBF7586A9EF748FEBFB53D8F1E372120</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F10883D52F19CABDD222828F8F38A2C7" type="Pensoft-UUID">7E7EE68D2DB65E1680CC7E33B36AEC74</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection id="1AC25ADDD4BB9E2D93F4A305A79A7E5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="results">
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<treatment id="3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181024640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" scope_family="Araneidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="26B171A809E086EEE72FBA9539ECE294" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA3EA1AE3E20AD1DE6EDCC3EC28EF603" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="868DE09912B39921E8877DC2DFAE11EC" ID-CoL="567F3" LSID="3F5E4CDB-0C2A-562B-9CE7-63B195D67126" authority="(Doleschall, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">Thelacantha brevispina (Doleschall, 1857)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="BE28C700B06569AC2DC304232C4E3FE7" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females of Thelacantha brevispina showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) A, B multi-color morph A specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE 004) B specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) C black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE 007) D black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) E orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE 005)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A7251238F0E3A1CFC0B82B5F4E6BA23A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia of A-C Macracantha arcuata D-I M. hasselti J-L Thelacantha brevispina. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532445" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 12J-L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AFC5DB833B4F4E4357D0E9FB5BA51EDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9EB947E624B2091B816751B35C766815" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="12F0024DCE4ABFA259E523EA64E236A7" authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Plectana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectana brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">Plectana brevispina</taxonomicName>
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Doleschall, 1857: 423. Type locality: Indonesia, Ambon Island.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D9E90440AFB475D370FE322A954F7F3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="EE084F3876AB32FDDDE917AD9B7D304E" authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Plectana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectana brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">Plectana brevispina</taxonomicName>
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Full list of synonyms and usage of the name available in
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<bibRefCitation id="E9DA92741D208675CB1B4FEF659972EA" author="World Spider Catalog" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B97" refString="World Spider Catalog, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">World Spider Catalog (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4989703740647F26F53AA5CD87FA4274" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="57D3DAC16EDCDD4A1E62734C5E6EA803" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E27F9CABC22C720EC9C8F16B55D9BAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<materialsCitation id="11B5A87468F1C280AFDFFB410175C734" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228423" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="13.487833" location="Khok Kham District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.3355" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Samut Sakhon Province">
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<collectingCountry id="75E938284CB82A1EADA7FEB4D956AD82" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="C44B589BE1FC70261BD4223306631B63" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="1B1DC2F73161CCFA029DF5FEB125A9AC" country="Thailand" name="Samut Sakhon">Samut Sakhon Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="00F4F4E9606219A01F31BC2C981BED02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:00F4F4E9606219A01F31BC2C981BED02" country="Thailand" latitude="13.487833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.3355" name="Khok Kham District" stateProvince="Samut Sakhon Province">Khok Kham District</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EBF5563C47EBA88B6F2623823CD987D9" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="29.27" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.487833">13°29.27'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9C9D091DA0A8D7180A6E0A78F5D07990" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="20.13" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.3355">100°20.13'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-THE003
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="3CDB5FCFEC4BB04EA9D66A875CF2695C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228337" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="13.0425" location="Ban Laem District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.0925" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Phetchaburi Province">
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<specimenCount id="AEAE0204DB9580710070A3A627C33672" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="23A0CF33B0DCE9BC63EB278100FBBA5F" country="Thailand" name="Phetchaburi">Phetchaburi Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="F9C47A918320FA5DA7242B870CFBE2E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:F9C47A918320FA5DA7242B870CFBE2E8" country="Thailand" latitude="13.0425" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.0925" name="Ban Laem District" stateProvince="Phetchaburi Province">Ban Laem District</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="0499903DE02D07F5ACFE48D6C1ED61CB" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="02.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.0425">13°02.55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BC53CE0BE30C7E03A094A3AB95B80143" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="05.55" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.0925">100°05.55'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-THE004
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="47D12EF747AB584C994682CFB8E31CB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228331" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Koh Tao Is." country="Thailand" latitude="10.067833" location="Ko Pha-ngan District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="99.819336" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" stateProvince="Surat Thani Province">
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<specimenCount id="A371681C519C91232ECF1375D3111FF4" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="26746A7B0980DCF27EDD17EA86AB2EB1" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
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juvenile;
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<collectingRegion id="D108EC22E8688C79D9BA90EA57107B19" country="Thailand" name="Surat Thani">Surat Thani Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="93BC1480194086F4C05625BF3663E707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:93BC1480194086F4C05625BF3663E707" country="Thailand" latitude="10.067833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="99.819336" name="Ko Pha-ngan District" stateProvince="Surat Thani Province">Ko Pha-ngan District</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="9724E9ADCAE274C35A89C78E7B5AF838">Koh Tao Is.</collectorName>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="15A6A247CAA9916F2C0AA90B03587613" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="04.07" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.067833">10°04.07'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5729BBCB6586CFBD0A2D0B9D879BFBE2" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="49.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="99.819336">99°49.16'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-THE005
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="11D8889491222C2C8874D5CA96CDD804" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228427" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Lat Khang" country="Thailand" latitude="17.525833" location="Phu Ruea District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.2555" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Loei Province">
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<specimenCount id="241C4E034D6BC01B3551B9C58FB9B5D3" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="04FE6D757BAB5C7123D2D01C59B110BA" country="Thailand" name="Loei">Loei Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="227CA39683EA50B2F2121E7539807C9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:227CA39683EA50B2F2121E7539807C9C" country="Thailand" latitude="17.525833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.2555" name="Phu Ruea District" stateProvince="Loei Province">Phu Ruea District</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="7D8601476F75F7EA11AEF2AD84F72C21">Lat Khang</collectorName>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="7E45F27808BABB88F9DC99E015D17F4B" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="31.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.525833">17°31.55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BBA7E3B20EEB1ED711189723C9E3FC1D" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="15.33" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="101.2555">101°15.33'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-THE007
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="90573F51A69E10ABA0B0FC09951A0D1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228392" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Bang Kaeo" country="Thailand" latitude="13.386333" location="Mueang District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.03633" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Samut Songkhram Province">
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<specimenCount id="9A06E26E78E656C4F7AB2ED27BC02AE6" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<collectingRegion id="627DDC6D0A9ED1DF5E88E2055B430CEA" country="Thailand" name="Samut Songkhram">Samut Songkhram Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="19FAE8A080E1E395F9C5AE8C63AEE741" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:19FAE8A080E1E395F9C5AE8C63AEE741" country="Thailand" latitude="13.386333" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="100.03633" name="Mueang District" stateProvince="Samut Songkhram Province">Mueang District</location>
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,
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|
<collectorName id="8E5294913EC2185174B294C450F09FC3">Bang Kaeo</collectorName>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="0BC1BCF7A949964A4ED4415664574522" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="23.18" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.386333">13°23.18'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="03623977EF7CD673C1C8BC4738392395" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="02.18" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.03633">100°02.18'E</geoCoordinate>
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; MUMNH-ARA-THE008
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation id="7735729CE6BE68E2AA37911FFE3DDB78" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079228326" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Thailand" latitude="12.173" location="Laem Ngop District" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="102.4055" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Trat Province">
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<specimenCount id="8125CC3C30936C536B3C34F47EFB69E9" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
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;
|
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<collectingRegion id="6ED2AD8FABCA1DFD2C8E2D07DB078840" country="Thailand" name="Trat">Trat Province</collectingRegion>
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,
|
|
<location id="A3F8BA71B95A052E290C58FF975F2E79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5E4CDB0C2A562B9CE763B195D67126:A3F8BA71B95A052E290C58FF975F2E79" country="Thailand" latitude="12.173" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="102.4055" name="Laem Ngop District" stateProvince="Trat Province">Laem Ngop District</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="26A7D8BC2377300E7C836FF47F18B379" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="10.38" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="12.173">12°10.38'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="E6C53DC2EE960300797D24F19B86816D" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="24.33" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="102.4055">102°24.33'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; MUMNH-ARA-THE009
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C7943D4B79FA61D607EAABA1F66669B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="E315EFCA64CA11C7ACDCA5543B3AD6C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="92D92FB6719275784FDD6ABC13F8C4C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
Sternum black. Sternal band various in shape. Abdomen octagonal, slightly wider than long. Color pattern on dorsal abdomen various but frequently with two large white spots. Three pairs of abdominal spines similar in shape, tubercle with small protuberance at the tip. Ventral side of abdomen black, with scattered yellowish stripes. Ten anterior edge sigilla subequal in size. Four median sigilla arranged in a trapezoid. Ten posterior edge sigilla, the middle pair very small, and close together. Outer posterior edge with five sigilla, located near posterior spines. Epigynum relatively simple in shape with bracket-shaped scape (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8C30F952B40623C5DC10FBD49781DC80" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia of A-C Macracantha arcuata D-I M. hasselti J-L Thelacantha brevispina. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532445" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12K</figureCitation>
|
|
). Spermathecae oval, placed close together (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B9EE2E95AAE3B1691C952DF8A2099A49" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia of A-C Macracantha arcuata D-I M. hasselti J-L Thelacantha brevispina. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532445" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12J, K</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fertilization duct short, emerging posteriorly from spermathecae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1FEF60D0DA7AFE1004CA28E34D11F1C3" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia of A-C Macracantha arcuata D-I M. hasselti J-L Thelacantha brevispina. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (A, D, G, J), ventral view from external (B, E, H, K), and posterior view (C, F, I, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532445" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">12J</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D625DDA278A7DCAAB4317BAFC1247678" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph id="EBEE2DF85DD3381A10DF081BFBF5D31B" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Variation.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9AC0AED08ED110B68D91CF7D09DB088A" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A734B5F2BF750D14CC884F82678421A1" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="4D624CF39BA1123972C4E2355DD144CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shows high color variation on abdomen. Four color morphs were found in this study: (1) the multi-colored morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="7D67EB32FE868E5C075F2A4A5B3067CD" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females of Thelacantha brevispina showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) A, B multi-color morph A specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE 004) B specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) C black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE 007) D black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) E orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE 005)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
) is decorated with white, black, and red patches on the dorsal abdomen; (2) the black-white morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="21E594FDE4D467767A3AF9F39F816E97" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females of Thelacantha brevispina showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) A, B multi-color morph A specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE 004) B specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) C black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE 007) D black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) E orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE 005)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">10C</figureCitation>
|
|
) possesses a vertical central black line from the anterior to the base of the posterior spines with white areas on each side; (3) the black morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="0E6A2C60FDF0DF1862E8971FB2A35D06" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females of Thelacantha brevispina showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) A, B multi-color morph A specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE 004) B specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) C black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE 007) D black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) E orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE 005)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">10D</figureCitation>
|
|
) shows a completely black abdomen without the two large white spots; (4) the orange morph (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5834E3682D2574EFFE948AB8A753B4A0" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females of Thelacantha brevispina showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) A, B multi-color morph A specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE 004) B specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) C black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE 007) D black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE 008) E orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE 005)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">10E</figureCitation>
|
|
) is characterized by a bright orange abdomen with two white spots. Such morphotypes are found in adult spiders, except in the orange morph, which was a juvenile specimen. The multi-colored morph was found in every population, whereas the other morphs were relatively rare.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="54FEE463E1448FE679E31FF92EB029D4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532443" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
|
<paragraph id="995DA3B7131AFC6832E27BCE0CC717BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<emphasis id="C443428920B84BDA569BA6368571499A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6B84E82D9D50710BA4EF3717218F5C0A" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="EE57E36A33302513124FF6A9789104A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
showing dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right)
|
|
<emphasis id="F5793CDC08AF43B8AD85D8B170927034" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
multi-color morph
|
|
<emphasis id="91894120A06689A0A51EEB1FDE483946" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
|
|
specimen from Phetchaburi (MUMNH-ARA-THE004)
|
|
<emphasis id="B5B7CBC0E212C204EE3DA50546084B96" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
|
|
specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE008)
|
|
<emphasis id="EA9FA842BC292A9EAC5D1920B9E1C069" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
|
black-white morph, specimen from Loei (MUMNH-ARA-THE007)
|
|
<emphasis id="EE51958371B55BF994F1811A8174079D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
|
|
black morph, specimen from Samut Songkhram (MUMNH-ARA-THE008)
|
|
<emphasis id="D7FD1051FB41A71164A6A37CECF37092" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
|
|
orange morph, specimen from Surat Thani (MUMNH-ARA-THE005).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2255B8C953DE0B13A27A300B577E53F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="2369FF2B8BEB9273A180AEDDF9A1360E" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CF09FDE85B60E1BD2C892B8CD0D5A8E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E1DD7C8351B9DA4808885A1CAB2408D9" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="7EE1881395B6E5C9C8FABB59CD40CC38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been noted for the two large, distinct white spots on its abdomen (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E72157A59EE3529B2F6DB5756604792E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="279 - 293" refId="B63" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O, 1879. On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (2): 279 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" title="On some new and little known species of Araneidea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1879.tb02656.x" volume="47" year="1879">Pickard-Cambridge 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7A1136FCDEFF76E845A40C9E8DDD2F61" author="Chrysanthus, P" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B12" refString="Chrysanthus, P, 1959. Spiders from south New Guinea II. Nova Guinea N.S.10: 197-206." title="Spiders from south New Guinea II. Nova Guinea N. S. 10: 197 - 206." year="1959">Chrysanthus 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="4E4066971271AC6366446A9E803436F8" author="Emerit, M" journalOrPublisher="Faune Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B25" refString="Emerit, M, 1974. Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae. Faune Madagascar 38: 1 - 215" title="Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae." volume="38" year="1974">Emerit 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E089BD7977A4285CC993D3727319110C" author="Tikader, BK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B88" refString="Tikader, BK, 1982. The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae." year="1982">Tikader 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="29178C8C5C7DDCA8A9D3991737A5EDA6" author="Barrion, AT" journalOrPublisher="CAB International Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B4" refString="Barrion, AT, Litsinger, JA, 1995. Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International Wallingford, UK" title="Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia." year="1995">Barrion and Litsinger 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B92BCA26E71B178FFC99248A02E7A085" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B99" refString="Yin, CM, Wang, JF, Zhu, MS, Xie, LP, Peng, XJ, Bao, YH, 1997. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae." year="1997">Yin et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CEE63DB99AB37E7EE4F7DDB10AB34182" author="Dierkens, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="63 - 81" refId="B21" refString="Dierkens, M, Charlat, S, 2011. Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise). Revue Arachnologique 17 (5): 63 - 81" title="Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise)." volume="17" year="2011">Dierkens and Charlat 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Some color morphs in this study have been reported in previous works such as the Multi-color morph (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B735F06FC53D24F67497AAA4DE60A68B" author="Dierkens, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="63 - 81" refId="B21" refString="Dierkens, M, Charlat, S, 2011. Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise). Revue Arachnologique 17 (5): 63 - 81" title="Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise)." volume="17" year="2011">Dierkens and Charlet 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and the Black-White morph (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="141228EB0B2184513424540DAF91DC93" author="Tikader, BK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B88" refString="Tikader, BK, 1982. The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae." year="1982">Tikader 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="72E0791B052717B265B766EDA1B03BED" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="63A0217216244455D5A759A2538763ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed on a global scale. It has been recorded from Madagascar to Australia and also oceanic islands such as French Polynesia, and Fiji (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EADE4E66626495FA9F644AB15FC2F7B9" author="Emerit, M" journalOrPublisher="Faune Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B25" refString="Emerit, M, 1974. Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae. Faune Madagascar 38: 1 - 215" title="Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae." volume="38" year="1974">Emerit 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BBA96EABAD95E69E83F3EF89EDC67066" author="Barrion, AT" journalOrPublisher="CAB International Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B4" refString="Barrion, AT, Litsinger, JA, 1995. Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International Wallingford, UK" title="Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia." year="1995">Barrion and Litsinger 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="945A92CB9915EF011CBBAE6971E8B934" author="Dierkens, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="63 - 81" refId="B21" refString="Dierkens, M, Charlat, S, 2011. Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise). Revue Arachnologique 17 (5): 63 - 81" title="Contribution a la connaissance des araignees des iles de la Societe (Polynesie francaise)." volume="17" year="2011">Dierkens and Charlat 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Currently, it is classified as a monotypic species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="910DE0DDB98548990BE8F69CC4CA35AA" author="World Spider Catalog" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B97" refString="World Spider Catalog, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">World Spider Catalog 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, the results of species delimitation have demonstrated four distinct species in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="93D380B469DBB34754AF7A16ED976792" lsidName="T. brevispina" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="AD13FA3DC6F3521288A12EBC300A454A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">T. brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lineage (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3DEDAC7EAF45642CF345AB4747F3C30C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ultrametric tree generated by BEAST from 675 bp of COI gene showing clusters of OTUs as suggested by morphological identification, and three molecular species delimitation algorithms, ABGD, bPTP, and GMYC. Nodal support values are labeled as MP Jackknife support / ML bootstrap values / Bayesian posterior probability. Gene tree from MP and ML analyses are available as Suppl. material 1 (Suppl. material 1: Figs S 3, S 4)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532437" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">4</figureCitation>
|
|
, T1-T4). Worldwide taxon sampling may reveal a large number of cryptic species, and elucidate their taxonomic status.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="C59ED12618DB89963069780A633FFA9A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532444" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
|
<paragraph id="2E06DDBD15C0D37EF3ADC5F12CB7B99F" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<emphasis id="E7A089705479F4D11E4FD407178634C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Female genitalia of
|
|
<emphasis id="385A669593BC33FE60354F8539E14341" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2A263B9F2C537246930B658B02FB3512" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasteracantha diadesmia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadesmia">
|
|
<emphasis id="8D0735646FC8DC50498A37C45BA32C4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Gasteracantha diadesmia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="34B7E232C701506B8AE286FBC8B09DE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D-F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D8F4D5123189B49445A952016E7DC0F0" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. diardi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diardi">
|
|
<emphasis id="4AC2C0AF485743DF5D6E99DB1BACE829" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. diardi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="104830138F2EEEBF5CFAF95D808262BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G-I</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C390635D3C82687A4129BC7FBC14D3C" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. doriae" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
|
<emphasis id="2D55C1DFCEE76F71FF25FB583202C8ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. doriae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="7E0559E70B9E56F8B341B44A038F5919" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">J-L</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9878AFCD68F3327CFF966FAD5B92C0BE" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. kuhli" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuhli">
|
|
<emphasis id="30FC51E77F414D0746BEA9D29F92581D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G. kuhli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (
|
|
<emphasis id="1660551410B933C656DB5409CF1675DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, D, G, J</emphasis>
|
|
), ventral view from external (
|
|
<emphasis id="CB25E612924A2FBEC67BA5AAE68FC3F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B, E, H, K</emphasis>
|
|
), and posterior view (
|
|
<emphasis id="AD76F96704C8AF16E5AF37D2F86AFE21" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C, F, I, L</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A7E70D11FD465BCF139B0BEEE1FEB566" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="EFCD4832DE2414D0E0C2D794CB3F6E4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3D4F0FCA61B18B7EB78BD4F862BBF3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Ambon, Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi), Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, Fiji, Mauritius, French Polynesia, Hawaii, and Madagascar (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2482829B33B74C9B3CACAF3E57448BE9" author="Emerit, M" journalOrPublisher="Faune Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B25" refString="Emerit, M, 1974. Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae. Faune Madagascar 38: 1 - 215" title="Arachnides araignees Araneidae Gasteracanthinae." volume="38" year="1974">Emerit 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6FF2101D0D67A25D7048A04AE621B1A7" author="Tikader, BK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B88" refString="Tikader, BK, 1982. The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Part 1 Family Araneidae (= Argiopidae) typical orb-weavers. Part 2 Family Gnaphosidae." year="1982">Tikader 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70356ACDEE62AD7D3EF3C5E909ADF89B" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B99" refString="Yin, CM, Wang, JF, Zhu, MS, Xie, LP, Peng, XJ, Bao, YH, 1997. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing" title="Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae." year="1997">Yin et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BA38338F50FCA89850EBB1A35FAF4450" author="Yin, CM" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B100" refString="Yin, CM, Peng, XJ, Yan, HM, Bao, YH, Xu, X, Tang, G, Zhou, QS, Liu, P, 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha" title="Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F10D980DEF4588F89C41F6D92394CDCA" author="World Spider Catalog" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" refId="B97" refString="World Spider Catalog, 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern. http://wsc.nmbe.ch" title="World Spider Catalog. Version 21.0. Natural History Museum Bern." url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2020">World Spider Catalog 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In this study,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="23E0472C1DD0FC9DCDFDA7FFD065F223" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="8003FDE8BAEA40E5F2B7668884B1A869" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was found widely dispersed in coastal areas. They were commonly found in mangrove forests along the Inner Gulf of Thailand, but one population was found in the mountainous area in Phu Ruea District, Loei Province, which is far from the sea. These spiders build a vertical web between trees in open areas and sit at the center of the web.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="9328CAE3F3DE5D9F395DC68A927FC228" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.62001.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532445" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
|
<paragraph id="63DF69B1C0762FFD1A44B81084F40F96" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
|
|
<emphasis id="5CCAC90D369A18E7B76B036780CE3F5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
|
Female genitalia of
|
|
<emphasis id="4516F951E907DEF59B58E2519006CA9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE3DB472A99D80BCE15E97378DDC6AA7" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Macracantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macracantha arcuata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
|
<emphasis id="6859513F0D180F42604E3D7FB4724065" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Macracantha arcuata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="C1D24E40A394E74204D29B9929662DE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D-I</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F8E0DDB1823B5342CA1EB9557C9A79" lsidName="M. hasselti" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="hasselti">
|
|
<emphasis id="C1E7D5DBE153C023D9FF4EE129D3C623" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">M. hasselti</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="3549AC408F0B521F02D318D396E8726B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">J-L</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9F86F0153A36C4066EC76AF6E10ABF3" baseAuthorityName="Doleschall" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Thelacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thelacantha brevispina" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispina">
|
|
<emphasis id="3D94A1021E9343BF5809EAFC3E149816" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Thelacantha brevispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Genitalia are shown in dorsal view (
|
|
<emphasis id="6FE26476D4213EEB290177DAD61DC2D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A, D, G, J</emphasis>
|
|
), ventral view from external (
|
|
<emphasis id="6B2945DEA536C300DF67B9B0542ABD89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B, E, H, K</emphasis>
|
|
), and posterior view (
|
|
<emphasis id="0E21C193935F539651F6BCA559424A3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C, F, I, L</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |