331 lines
35 KiB
XML
331 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="72873" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c990716-5d86-4b04-9922-dc6ccd734f3d" ID-PMC="PMC9881532" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ID-PubMed="36762372" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="3DCE8F91A93329598300EA9617D48D8F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum caballeroi M. Nee, Brittonia 58 (4): 323. 2006." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732927586791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E6281756786EEEAB301391ED692EC12">
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<mods:title id="61C6DB66206D1D4504DDB15C9B1F2595">Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="906E620A39ED319B0B0ADA86E7E24897">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F68CA09C53A22A1F214D7721C2E06059" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="654724AC01FCB3FB182BCFCB658EB075">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D7DCDB5F64515F3FE7E6D9B7FDE4505" type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FA8FD7786FB213D2E36C0EC9488BE3B5">Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E4BDDFFA54B5924AB8730F7DFAD8A468">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA2E726C53362A6C20DB7537A6E61348" type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="68E94B6304BBE92DC5F154F5672A3AB0">Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8248524F371943092D1CF76E50FDA183">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5BEDB1F5A56903B74B6CC8B2EAFF41F1">Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A82B3E8D57DBE0900454B0E178EDA179">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E7BE67691DA1C7564F181D9259B4C37">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28C1B7AD3FFE1EAEFADCB7A5D3C125E0">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="912EC1B690FB740FAC7DDE8320B1C740">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="370B4393E666160F3FCD7F5EF9FB7C87">
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<mods:title id="EC95586A3084D32662D34E9192D31CC1">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3942BA892DDE2D3EDFD5118BC2481EE6">
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<mods:date id="EC36FE4798F851CE4247CF211A3573B4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="54DB6BF3C92D4B9053171331A7083F68" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0A751E0F37DDE474CEC1B6F73E9E463D">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8880E3ED2413D8CD81E5492F162F68B7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="02153E2B8905820BC95001BC7F24294E">200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="0E0038D50D05D79165993EABF038310C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="B42CDD32E7BA2480ADCEA2B02D380D23">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F485736FFFC419856FBC0F8D7536EBA7">423</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="1698D2C4A919F1F637E5E0F61C22F1DA">
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<mods:url id="F0758CB27EC43BE04E24FEDAD9F8E2C6">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="DA9FD685CBC972C66F88983E6712310E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3616B233D869052E310599F0B2444326" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="40C6FE3D39FC8D4B01DB3ED91AC5A577" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73DCC239F519FD55F7F569AB9D242201" type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="3DCE8F91A93329598300EA9617D48D8F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DCE8F91A93329598300EA9617D48D8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DCE8F91A93329598300EA9617D48D8F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="9AECD0A7FE6D63A50692E63B4725A61F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="12FED2752C2EAA6A6F2DF5B9C32BA637" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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5.
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<taxonomicName id="8D59494CC28D736B06CF9412AB3A2003" ID-CoL="QT57" authority="M. Nee, Brittonia 58 (4): 323. 2006." authorityName="M. Nee, Brittonia 58 (4): 323. 2006." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">Capsicum caballeroi M.Nee, Brittonia 58 (4): 323. 2006.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC7490AF112E10D0E2538E3659D1C6DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F6F1FC56E1D9BA4CB50464FBF43F24C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="795B1CFC4908EE32C3EEA2D66C2F0389" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Capsicum caballeroi A fruiting branch B flower C calyx D opened corolla E gynoecium F fruit G seed H seed, in longitudinal section. From Wood 11102. Drawn by P. Peralta." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 35</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="234D56313C3A4A18A18361578A425074" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Capsicum caballeroi A plant B leaf pairs C major leaf D flower bud E flower F flower, in front view G immature fruit H mature fruit I mature fruit, in cross section, showing the seeds A from Barboza et al. 4907 B, C, E, F, H Barboza et al. 3655 D, G, I from Barboza et al. 4908. Photos by G. E. Barboza and S. Leiva Gonzalez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695451" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 36</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E27BDD45F91D9AC7C8E9D6EF46C17C88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="15D2B9F7056D00F4CDDD6D5970D23126" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="A2B956D7354D0CA29082884A071D26F1">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E438350AFD57975E381F97CD02E13AA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="C68515A5358848CF3CB08F42A52D7C98" collectingDate="1994-04-07" collectingDateMax="1994-04-10" collectingDateMin="1994-04-07" collectorName="I. Vargas, J. M. Camacho" country="Bolivia" elevation="2450" latitude="-17.825" location="Cerro Bravo" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="-64.541664" municipality="Parque Nacional Amboro" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="CAB73029809EEC10BC972A9F9498B750" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="1CC47811FAC765A5118ECAE63CD63B9E" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
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. Prov. Caballero:
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<collectingMunicipality id="1AE24027A858B1D0A81F2641B7477BA2">
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Parque Nacional
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<normalizedToken id="91311E37387ABFB85F30C3DCA19EC4A7" originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="3541E040DB99C1B4BD916E8E04846E10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DCE8F91A93329598300EA9617D48D8F:3541E040DB99C1B4BD916E8E04846E10" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.825" longLatPrecision="127" longitude="-64.541664" municipality="Parque Nacional Amboro" name="Cerro Bravo" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Cerro Bravo</location>
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,
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<quantity id="F7C7FDD34A2F0B28EBCA5D8F1529F631" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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al
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<locationDeviation id="A7BB1A543914C5E95813A0202A631586" location="Comarapa">N de Comarapa</locationDeviation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FEFFD9875A5F7C7C4EA4D465174A8CCE" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="49.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-17.825">17°49.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="66BEA9E31B519D8FD41B8948401A5B36" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="32.5" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-64.541664">64°32.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="C874083406777C337BEC8F61C0F28726" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="2450.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2400.0">
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<elevation id="8F3EC21E7EBA08B6C8D44F7BD060611B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="2450.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400-2500 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elev.,
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<collectingDate id="EB05B7E19AB00C7516347ADEB6D342E2" value="1994-04-07" valueMax="1994-04-10" valueMin="1994-04-07">7-10 Apr 1994</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis id="DF4D7ABCE6F9AE9C6921615FF7A4EEF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="9105E226670E94BF3B626622C66D29D9">I. Vargas</collectorName>
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C. &
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<collectorName id="700EA59AA88AC5DA34C3F9DFC59CBA50">J.M. Camacho</collectorName>
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3118
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="24DF8AF0DADA7505CC3CB4D7699AF25C">holotype</typeStatus>
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: USZ; isotypes: CORD [CORD00003917], MO [MO-1921597, acc. # 5959888], NY [00745836],
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry id="DDA979D81B20A7A1417AC4D030168855" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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[00902045, acc. # 3520370]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FA3FD0C8E9A73B834C9477AC5546B99" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="135593755A1067251DB317CC77F74DD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCDE2E973C1CDC4175623393D2237BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect shrubs or more rarely small trees 0.70-5 (-7) m tall, with the main stem thick, 2.5-3 cm in diameter at base, few to much branched above. Young stems angled, rigid, green, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with appressed-antrorse, simple, uniseriate, 3-4-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.07-0.2 mm long; nodes solid, green; bark of older stems brown or brownish-grey, glabrous; lenticels few, light brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size, similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves coriaceous, slightly discolorous, glabrous on both sides or sparsely pubescent along the mid-vein abaxially, with simple, eglandular trichomes 0.2-0.4 mm long; blades of major leaves 4-13.5 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, elliptic, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base acute to short-attenuate, the margins entire slightly revolute, the apex acuminate; petioles 0.2-0.8 cm long, glabrous; blades of minor leaves 2-4.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, elliptic or ovate, major veins 2-3 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate, the margin entire slightly revolute, the apex acute; petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, 1-2 flowers per axil; flowering pedicels 20-40 (-50) mm long, terete, slightly pendent to pendent, non-geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrous; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds ellipsoid, yellow. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.5-3 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, cup-shaped, thick, pale green, sparsely pubescent with the same antrorse eglandular trichomes of the young stems, the calyx appendages 10, unequal, the five main appendages 1-3.2 mm long, the five secondary appendages 0.8-2 mm long, erect, subulate, inserted close to the margin. Corolla (10-) 11-14 (-18) mm long, 4-6 mm in diameter, thick, entirely pure yellow or lemon-yellow, campanulate without interpetalar membrane, shallowly 5-lobed; glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube 7-10 mm long, the lobes 3-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, narrowly triangular, recurved, the margins involute and finely ciliate, the tips deeply acute, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 4-6 mm long, cream, inserted on the corolla 1-2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 2-3 mm long, ellipsoid, yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary ca. 2 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter, pale green, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4-0.5 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 7-9 mm, scarcely exserted beyond the anthers, cream, clavate; stigma ca. 1 mm in diameter, whitish, capitate. Berry (9-) 10-16 mm in diameter, globose, slightly flattened at the apex, pale green or white when immature, bright red at maturity, persistent, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 25-50 mm long, pendent, curved, terete, strongly widened distally and with a constriction at the junction with the calyx, green; fruiting calyx 3-5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green, the appendages (1-) 3-5 mm long, appressed to the berry. Seeds 5-21 per fruit, 3-4 (-5) mm long, 3.8-5 mm wide, C-shaped or teardrop-shaped, pale yellow or nearly white, the seed coat smooth and reticulate at margins (SM), cerebelloid-reticulate (SEM), the cells irregular and polygonal in shape, the lateral walls strongly sinuate to nearly straight at the seed margin; embryo imbricate or coiled.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14865DACC272B60F8395C1AE7AF4BADC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7861E2848A0A94C65205D73174ABBEE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C856B667BEB767D7EA3860D36A5678E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="534AF4F4A29B3755F8486726323A8703" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
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<emphasis id="9859254338F96FCA86F0F95A6FD91FFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an endemic species from central Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Chuquisaca Departments, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="F69F152B2A9AF6F1099EBB91CB2D9F2B" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Distribution of C. benoistii, C. caatingae, C. caballeroi, C. campylopodium and C. cardenasii" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BA9C6036CD9A6E3452C9626BB4FDFD5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="CA46378665C620D08629C174CCC68E49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="27EB85BF362F8A82BBE4E09F3093023D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="67DB2FD0DEB77A43C846F2830D745B75" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
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<emphasis id="9697B1E1CE25B93502AABDECF85192A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a rare element of montane cloud forests (Yungas and Bosque Tucumano-Boliviano Montano), found in very moist shaded wooded quebradas or at the margin of the forest between 1,000 and 2,600 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00241C4A45F3A5815252AB824FAE1B34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph id="EC3805C4B961D6314AAE02F29227DBE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F35DA399853EC414A1CFA35135FDB849" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting probably all year long; a peak of flowering was observed in November to early January and fruiting from January to June.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="99C7C1C4D779CDFB8AB07200474D4B64" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
|
<paragraph id="A160A053CA5414311AAC3D9521458101" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="073297B3C93F980230C51AC5DC9F7891" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
2
|
|
<emphasis id="C14588199A2FAD8D8AA8A9F63F4684CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 2x = 24 (
|
|
<emphasis id="95B0F733B3B4E373F1AEE9D4D020E1AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3655</emphasis>
|
|
, see Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="00D7339F875CB2109B81B36965208CD2" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Cytogenetic information on Capsicum species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7466DBE9CCEE774BA9476BE56690A68D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="7466DBE9CCEE774BA9476BE56690A68D">2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="261191CA0F33FA53F3413CA75D0E863A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
|
<paragraph id="3329DA333C599A6C01360658B9A9A1DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="74814D48DC0F24CE907B6AD37A16FCB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="94C1354027AF145A03269B16E8BB1A22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia.</emphasis>
|
|
Aribibi (Cochabamba,
|
|
<emphasis id="285DDAB47B67AE9D7EE137F50AFAA8B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="19CAE26701F2A15C730AEAA87A0D7DC3" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
T. et al. 2007
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<normalizedToken id="56B25998B460F267C07846BD95E2C162" originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
|
de monte (Santa Cruz,
|
|
<emphasis id="B25BD4DE9EBF2376BCF6DD940473EFF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vargas C. & Prado 1282</emphasis>
|
|
), Ulupica de yunga (Santa Cruz,
|
|
<emphasis id="C5201AB7A12C5F9B5237E7690AAEF263" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vargas C. et al. 1343</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="BF39EE608C4475C2B4576B58796A6242" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="E95BB88F145978759B8CEAC9B2E5A065" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="680F2DE8FF831CC9A09980B9BADC203A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="88CEA4823265848520956427E618B52B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
|
<paragraph id="6F7C53FC31381C6F81116E628BC78079" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0E8656DC6AE291CEE866F51460F97093" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
EOO (14,005.388 km2); AOO (84 km2).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="941F04662855A0191A73936078625702" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="A118A826D32C80595F5CB01509FA855E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grows mostly in the cloud forest of the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0C99E04DC521330AE27EB4F14DB32966" originalValue="Amboró">Amboro</normalizedToken>
|
|
National Park and peripheral areas where the population consists of few individuals; although found in a relatively large geographical area, we observed a severe decline of both the EOO and the AOO of this species due to the continuing indiscriminate deforestation occurring in the last years; in this way, we consider
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4F2304F1C605C851F74A1B07B9EA538" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. caballeroi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="969DA6A85CF2C172D767EF8643A3DD09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
under threat and assign the Vulnerable category (VU; B1ab(ii,iii)).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DD6FA2C8CD418C5B309CB3999B105D5B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
|
|
<paragraph id="1BD540E73407093EA1216BD12E5D9297" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="85EF323CC2D9F3C2E4FA11688FB040DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 35.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0C257FE35E1DC43538EF0EE9246FAB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="A309711F94AE2364BE53C7FAB088E2AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="EE9538120E94AABBE3D5C77CD72E2753" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
fruiting branch
|
|
<emphasis id="79EC2CD46585A8E7FDA5716182FC07F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
flower
|
|
<emphasis id="E8413665D154DA0B38F113FFEF921F21" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
calyx
|
|
<emphasis id="B7ED8BC217B4FDB9302E743F1ECFF29A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
opened corolla
|
|
<emphasis id="CB89DFE1210D3DED277EFAFE7ED6D5FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
gynoecium
|
|
<emphasis id="9D17F75337D2BEF054B09E84E68AF896" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
fruit
|
|
<emphasis id="AD0F9DC45B7DC5CFE4709AFF03938F09" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
seed
|
|
<emphasis id="D03CFBB543CA1833553F4F96D515E577" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
seed, in longitudinal section. From
|
|
<emphasis id="A4A4293AF7EC0E927A0FF5E049892171" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 11102</emphasis>
|
|
. Drawn by P. Peralta.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8300FE9ACCC6300917A111DFB9517CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="B76F900C347F155498F068C3C302CE2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A96C760808EBBEA5C8580509018B41C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E16B22C95D01942276D87788EEFD74F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="E031FFCEE1A67E6CD43F4ED22F9A4814" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belongs to the Bolivian clade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D682083F2B59CBB1DAD2DAE9D2558240" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
|
Carrizo
|
|
<normalizedToken id="ADE17A859F63F1E7EEB2E433091EFA79" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="56354424E910D592D468A924D02E745E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is easily distinguishable from any other Bolivian species in its calyx with 10 unequal appendages, its yellow tubular-campanulate pendent corollas, its long flowering and fruiting pedicels and its large, bright red fruits and pale seeds (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="98C48F10F683E91DBA9A709F47FF40AE" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Capsicum caballeroi A plant B leaf pairs C major leaf D flower bud E flower F flower, in front view G immature fruit H mature fruit I mature fruit, in cross section, showing the seeds A from Barboza et al. 4907 B, C, E, F, H Barboza et al. 3655 D, G, I from Barboza et al. 4908. Photos by G. E. Barboza and S. Leiva Gonzalez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695451" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36D, I</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="8D690F15C9DD064397B8D9AE6BA5C9AB" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695451" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
|
|
<paragraph id="C91513C1D3C04E8A55325DEA06A3222A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="3961446801AC9958E09BEADC35ED7CF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 36.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87004BFEE10E9FDEC6DFD29C94F9F893" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="617A96D95CB59AB9D5275F0FBA91ED95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="F437DF889832A74B8FB05715EBECBD86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
plant
|
|
<emphasis id="402710AD112C75F24521BE9614BE124B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
leaf pairs
|
|
<emphasis id="7F94D238B07B59E03F9CE11F4DDCC92E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
major leaf
|
|
<emphasis id="3EFE4E85E53FCBE9588B31E16F3C5950" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
flower bud
|
|
<emphasis id="50916E5684F3FE02DBABDBBF216648F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
flower
|
|
<emphasis id="BCE954B657538117A3668D9C100EF09D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
flower, in front view
|
|
<emphasis id="8745239150294879E03037CC08BB1BED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
immature fruit
|
|
<emphasis id="B8BDCFDC981918157C1CBEABED23E7F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
mature fruit
|
|
<emphasis id="5B2BF88FDCAA110454F456B0EC2D086F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
mature fruit, in cross section, showing the seeds
|
|
<emphasis id="A9B727DA5F1E3E2FB871B69127B06F89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="C255A24CE0E5B901A7728C4DC8762EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4907</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="9098EBDDDBA93C806645AA1B850C4A30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C, E, F, H</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="7FA977056A4CC333C96330B0CB681C6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3655</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="BE4E8664E7571AAB7F30944E107AE7E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, G, I</emphasis>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="853B259B8CA72DAE50A4BA8344161C99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4908</emphasis>
|
|
. Photos by G.E. Barboza and S. Leiva
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D84D450556A5C418B62866DED8D64B87" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="DD36424C4F682438F3ED96A10AECE8CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09EFE9DE49BEC195AC990F6F8DBA0A74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="D7B25A84CA9B5EEA956A9B422B6BAE47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is morphologically most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E49B1ABFAFD5118B3A829928E8A8F421" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. piuranum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piuranum">
|
|
<emphasis id="56E2E14039AF15C555AC8B3141D86A06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. piuranum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an endemic species from northern Peru and can be distinguished from that species in its calyx (green calyx with 10 unequal linear appendages vs. purple or greenish-purple calyx with five equal subulate appendages), its corolla lobes (recurved vs. spreading) and its fruits and seeds (red pungent fruits with pale yellow or nearly white seeds vs. orange to red non-pungent fruits with dark brown to black seeds). The fruits and the seeds of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="054CC31F74AB3BC4677AF71564C6FB07" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. caballeroi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="7BCB0D4AED82895D6D97642746D29150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are larger than those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D31426A33A18C10ABA6600E3152B49F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. piuranum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piuranum">
|
|
<emphasis id="05E9BC037D79DD10E302D5398B1D2747" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. piuranum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="57E4420E043A59DE229B69F757AAB4E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum caballeroi" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="30A15E8AD6EED0BD0EC26681EB50B56C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is sympatric with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0A78B3362E2A238EA33489426BB866E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. minutiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutiflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="F338D3323EB8648AA24637A81FFD297E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. minutiflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; they share yellow corollas and red fruits, but are distinguished by the coriaceous leaves, calyx with 10 unequal appendages, campanulate and larger corollas (10-14 mm long) and fruits (9-16 mm in diameter) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C9F9D6746B8CACCF66FDD5A9B675B9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. caballeroi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caballeroi">
|
|
<emphasis id="C5CEDFF0DFBA85A682326F7D6AD94C61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. caballeroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. the membranous leaves, calyx with five equal or subequal appendages, stellate, smaller corollas (6.5-8.5 mm long) and fruits (7-10 mm in diameter) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A098656E4590DE7DA48184145F1F8A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. minutiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutiflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="6B57CDD266684409F5F7DC8520E651F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. minutiflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="4097A56C29531135AC70468E91A10215" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="F87" captionText="Figure 87. Capsicum minutiflorum A plant B major leaf C flowering branch D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in front view F flower, in lateral view G fruiting branch H immature fruit I mature fruit. From Barboza et al. 4918. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695502" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">87</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F47B7A759DAA0F7E059229952C6956E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="CC28C6EE55CA1F46B198C19D6F41AF19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BB9E67E5A2A6341228421E0F6D926EC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |