186 lines
23 KiB
XML
186 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EC30BF99E27B0853FEC76D1C4E17A276">Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3D8BA2347EDF5CA3D5B4EA48340B9E4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191094" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100115057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191094" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D8BA2347EDF5CA3D5B4EA48340B9E4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D8BA2347EDF5CA3D5B4EA48340B9E4E" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<paragraph id="4F502B26D342B744CB0FD61D3AA5C896" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="5BCFEE16F524FA47325D4FA87A9AA341" ID-CoL="3NY3S" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29522" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera occidentalis (Bernard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Hypoponera occidentalis (Bernard)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="7F319EE65033291712F7610CA72C0B9E" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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(Figs 85
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87)
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<subSubSection id="C18885353842E53CD5E40EC0F0FF8234" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6B413955C6F67C9DA03DD5E7E87E204F" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="7B92AEABFBD144826276CD291B80B581" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Hypoponera) occidentalis Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus="Hypoponera">Ponera (Hypoponera) occidentalis Bernard</taxonomicName>
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, 1953: 205, fig. 3I. Syntype workers, GUINEA:
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<normalizedToken id="3D6FA95F2169CF821D4994FAB86B8286" originalValue="Crête" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Crete</normalizedToken>
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de Nion, 1300 m, 19.iv., st. B6 26 (Lamotte) (MNHN) [examined]. [Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="C83FB559B368F2030AD51BF374A7A202" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Bolton, 1995: 215.]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E3C99DF423D6D38BB7A2445414D432E" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="F89C54E2EC4B1427AC1AE9794479B516" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Hypoponera) intermedia Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia" subGenus="Hypoponera">Ponera (Hypoponera) intermedia Bernard</taxonomicName>
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, 1953: 206, fig. 3H. Holotype worker (teneral), GUINEA: ravin 1 du Mont
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<normalizedToken id="AF34C9AA118ADE1A4E7FCD16730E97CA" originalValue="Tô" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">To</normalizedToken>
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, st. B1 30 (Lamotte) (MNHN) [examined].
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="31A5AD2194203C1217E7C06B11F0B4F4" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[Unresolved junior primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName id="DAA348A753176389155DAF9D1C2D61BD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Bothroponera) piliventris var. intermedia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="piliventris" subSpecies="intermedia">Ponera piliventris intermedia</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1900a: 63 (now in
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<taxonomicName id="ACEE622B2A1A45D3D2949E1AB6F3660E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
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). Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="8FCE7FA503B0EA9E091E8FF49ED2A9BC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Bolton, 1995: 215.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E4201AC85A7A8703BCFA84E19CCB8F2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CA6D2B3D4335ECF5544F902196C00362" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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WORKER. Measurements: HL 0.61
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0.75, HW 0.48
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0.60, HS 0.545
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0.670, SL 0.44
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<normalizedToken id="E04D4AFF2D3ED392973CC07A8CDC93DF" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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0.55, PrW 0.38
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0.48, WL 0.84
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<normalizedToken id="43A67A446C7759E28B4C4624BD1AF76F" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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1.08, HFL 0.46
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<normalizedToken id="CBAE0DA3718F31529FBD3FBE3877BF58" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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0.58, PeNL 0.20
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0.24, PeH 0.42
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<normalizedToken id="90A241A8BC690486FCCB1CEFB4F48FB5" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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0.52, PeNW 0.32
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<normalizedToken id="7AEE82A4202226A29F46F2B426BBA9CF" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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0.39, PeS 0.310
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<normalizedToken id="664BCAC26CD4E475D6174B3A26D02C49" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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0.377 (40 measured). Indices: CI 76
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<normalizedToken id="DDA7750F96C752E94E10B77D3D73B443" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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82, SI 86
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<normalizedToken id="79E12F807E1C5BE97F650CCE3132F126" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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96, PeNI 76
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<normalizedToken id="82778A89A590583A2315CBFCDC8ABD2A" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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89, LPeI 40
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<normalizedToken id="4DF2D81361470AF11C9FE05FF813A807" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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48, DPeI 150
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<normalizedToken id="DB1DFADC8695AF9570F077C6022BC4BF" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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180.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="819AD3FBBA6EBDC6925E532E38A9717C" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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Eyes variably developed; sometimes absent, sometimes a vague eye spot, but frequently with 1 and less commonly with 3
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<normalizedToken id="5BF60734E5CC0BDF23A3F449AD2BCB97" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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4 small ommatidia discernible. Apex of scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, just fails to reach, or less commonly just touches, the midpoint of the posterior margin in full-face view; SL/HL 0.68
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0.75. Cephalic dorsum sharply reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum almost smooth, with spaced, minute, superficial punctures, obviously much less strongly and densely sculptured than cephalic dorsum. Metanotal groove absent from dorsum of mesosoma or at most with a faint impression. Mesonotal-mesopleural suture feebly present to absent on side of mesosoma. Propodeum weakly marginate between declivity and side. Posterior surface of petiole node without short cuticular ridges that radiate upward from the peduncle. Node of petiole in profile tall and relatively thick, with the anterior and posterior faces parallel or very nearly so and the dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process with a distinct ventral angle. Maximum width of first gastral tergite in dorsal view greater than the width of the second gastral tergite at its midlength. Base of cinctus of second gastral tergite glossy and polished, without trace of cross-ribs. Midline length of second gastral posttergite, from posterior margin of cinctus to apex, is less than the width of the segment at its midlength. Disc of second gastral tergite with sharply incised, small punctures that are widely separated by areas of glossy cuticle; the diameters of the punctures are less than the distances that separate them. First and second gastral tergites dorsally pubescent and with a number of short, standing setae that conspicuously project above the level of the pubescence in profile.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96AEF1D775B800700FE3FA5179BA3A6A" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C6C5F76BA4198EEC9E431F2D60BC3E57" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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Seven Afrotropical species are known which have the following characters in combination: metanotal groove absent from dorsum of mesosoma; base of cinctus of second gastral tergite smooth and shining, without cross-ribs; posterior surface of petiole node without vertical cuticular ridges basally; maximum width of first gastral tegite in dorsal view greater than width of second tergite at its midlength; disc of second gastral tergite with spaced, small punctures that are separated by wide areas of polished cuticle. Two species,
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<taxonomicName id="E02EDD294561C7BAD63A5A09E90BF2B4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298339" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera aprora Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aprora">aprora</taxonomicName>
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and dis, both Tanzanian endemics, are small with maximum dimensions of HL 0.53, HW 0.42, SL 0.36, PeH 0.32, HS 0.470 and PeS 0.250; all other species in the complex are considerably larger than these. A single species,
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<taxonomicName id="20FD6B3D2BEDD9D32194144D687519BD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298363" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera producta Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="producta">producta</taxonomicName>
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, has relatively long scapes, with SI 99
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<normalizedToken id="E6DDEC02633B014B2F15D2AE7DE793AF" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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108.
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<taxonomicName id="B69103F0F7D53A1B574BC8E3CCEB3BB1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298352" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="34944" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera importuna Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="importuna">H. importuna</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="32051964BFA53EF84DCF3A6AFEC14429" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298342" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera comis Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comis">comis</taxonomicName>
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have the petiole node relatively short and very broad, with DPeI 182
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<normalizedToken id="A4585343D19E3FA69B11BD1B3B28DF48" originalValue="–" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">-</normalizedToken>
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200 (mean of 190). In the other five species combined DPeI is 133
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180. Only a very few individuals of occidentalis approach the upper limits of this range, but in that species the mean value for DPeI is 165. The final species,
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<taxonomicName id="FC0254BF074C0DEF661644E0A92F549F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298361" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera odiosa Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odiosa">odiosa</taxonomicName>
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, is very closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="6201FE5D9B6D05D182C5542358D5E6E2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Hypoponera) occidentalis Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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and is best separated by the characters noted in the key.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="022F526918A5DB3106CEFC2FF57EF0F6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
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No obvious intercastes could be discerned in the
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<taxonomicName id="A90E5B7A305075EB7B888C3D6AAB82D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Hypoponera) occidentalis Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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material examined (i.e. no worker-like specimens with eyes of 10 or more ommatidia), but it is possible that the specimens with 3
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4 ommatidia may represent intercastes with much smaller eyes than is usual.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F9920F09D3866D289FA8FB9B6ADEDFA" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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series recorded below from Zimbabwe (MHNG, BMNH) is slightly different from the mass of examined material. In these specimens the punctate sculpture on the first gastral tergite, especially on the side just above the tergosternal suture, is fainter and more superficial, but this is more a matter of degree than of actual difference in form. The series is currently retained within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A504C1220200BE70B4A3032B092289FF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138866" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera (Hypoponera) occidentalis Bernard" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the specimens match the diagnostic characters given above, to be reassessed when more samples have accumulated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E0F1953E45DF743BDB21300EE5867F6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="0AE0FF329D9029B9FB2ED24B3BE182CA" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="71B33027298396E1DF64B8A0B4FD21E4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
FIGURES 85-87. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D287C709A19A8E5F0C767D24BACE94F3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29522" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera occidentalis (Bernard)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus="Hypoponera" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">Hypoponera occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker CASENT0218494.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3FA2719F970F66D416AA23D51A13D9D" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="70F1E7EBD6BCE1D35FE9EBD4DF26C4C2" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Material examined. Guinea:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4EC4B7B10EDF06E9DA87A2F4D2A6B4D" originalValue="Créte" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Nion (Lamotte); Mont
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2EFF153C26154A2A1CD8D25210CE48EF" originalValue="Tô" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">To</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Lamotte). Ivory Coast: Abidjan, Banco For. (I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="827EC1619E3094C8C5594DB03C8B08C1" originalValue="Löbl" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loebl</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Ghana: Bunso (R. Belshaw); Atewa For. Res., nr Kibi (R. Belshaw). Cameroun: Prov. Sud-Ouest, Mnt Cameroon, Mapanja (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Sud,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65F828DAA1A3A8983286060E2F46046C" originalValue="N’Kolo" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">N'Kolo</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DDEBB62EF8C63DEC5739E7B7AC29FE1C" originalValue="Bondé" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Bonde</normalizedToken>
|
||
For., Elogbatindi (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Sud, Res. Faune de Campo,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5D30878F85E8C8E7B1EC821CA282C204" originalValue="Ebodjé" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ebodje</normalizedToken>
|
||
(B.L. Fisher). Gabon: Prov. Ogooue-Maritime, Res. Monts Doudou, Doussala (B.L. Fisher); Prov. Estuaire, F.C. Mondah, Libreville (B.L. Fisher); For. de la Mondah, Cap Esterias, N. of Libreville (Bartolozzi & Taiti). Equatorial Guinea: Bioko, Moca (M. Boko). Central African Republic: Res. Dzanga-Sangha
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A8B203C952BB14F83DE03553F5A50D49" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Bayanga (B.L. Fisher); Dzanga-Ndoki, Lidjombo (B.L. Fisher). Kenya: Western Prov., Kakamega Forest, Kaimosi (G. F i s c h e r). Ta n z a ni a: Mahale Mts N.P (M. Kiyono); Morogoro Reg., Mamiwa-Kisara For. Res. (Hawkes, Makwati & Mtana). Zimbabwe: Umtali, Melsetter (R. Mussard).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |