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<document id="2DD35881AE25C14827A97D0C48E13E97" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00691.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440600" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630450053570" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Bibi, Faysal" docDate="2011" docId="3D318795FFFAFFE1FF1CE421FDBDFDE2" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00691.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00691.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tragelaphus nakuae Reed &amp; Bibi 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="704" masterDocId="C108FFEDFFFEFFE4FFD3E220FF9FFFA8" masterDocTitle="Tragelaphus nakuae: evolutionary change, biochronology, and turnover in the African Plio-Pleistocene" masterLastPageNumber="711" masterPageNumber="699" pageNumber="703" updateTime="1699274938810" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="87766B8C6E2B32BDECE37A1F9AAC5705">Tragelaphus nakuae: evolutionary change, biochronology, and turnover in the African Plio-Pleistocene</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C67BCE2B7C9DF05CE73E9E2B24CE9CF">Bibi, Faysal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="77894C2734C681E9CFE0C516CDABE677">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F9B084E794A970BFC7C6AC90BA064BD3">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0095EB79085D9C8F0C5026257766D5C5">2011-06-24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3D318795FFFAFFE1FF1CE421FDBDFDE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5491959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5491959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D318795FFFAFFE1FF1CE421FDBDFDE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D318795FFFAFFE1FF1CE421FDBDFDE2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="704" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<subSubSection id="FD826508FFFAFFE0FF1CE421FD28F9BD" box="[207,695,1536,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FF1CE421FD28F9BD" blockId="4.[207,695,1536,1558]" box="[207,695,1536,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<heading id="EE6F81EFFFFAFFE0FF1CE421FD28F9BD" box="[207,695,1536,1558]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FF1CE421FE49F9BC" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[207,470,1537,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="711" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FF1CE421FE49F9BC" box="[207,470,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">TRAGELAPHUS NAKUAE</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D1094B72FFFAFFE0FE33E420FD28F9BD" author="Arambourg C" box="[480,695,1536,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" pagination="339 - 347" refId="ref7315" refString="Arambourg C. 1941. Antilopes nouvelles du pleistocene ancien de l'Omo (Abyssinie). Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, B. s. 2 13: 339 - 347." type="journal article" year="1941">ARAMBOURG, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD826508FFFAFFE0FF43E407FB52FC71" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FF43E407FCE2FD0F" blockId="4.[144,759,1575,1903]" lastBlockId="4.[806,1422,198,679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FF43E407FEFAF994" box="[144,357,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Revised diagnosis:</emphasis>
A large-sized tragelaphin characterized by horn cores that are strongly inclined, completing between 90 and 225° of torsion; with triangular cross-section and strong anteroposterior compression basally. A large, transversely orientated torus is present on the dorsal surface of the cranium at the posterior limit of the braincase (supraoccipital torus). Associated with this is a deep depression just anteriorly, between the supraoccipital and the horn cores. Mastoid region strongly protruding laterally. In lateral view, the horn cores remain straight as they arise from their bases, with little or no trace of posterior curvature. Younger specimens of
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FAC6E2C5FA19FF51" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[1301,1414,228,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FAC6E2C5FA19FF51" box="[1301,1414,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">T. nakuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly beginning in Member G and equivalents (2.33 Mya), tend to possess horns that are relatively shorter and stouter, completing no more than 180° torsion, with weaker anterior keel, greater anteroposterior compression, stronger intercornual torus, and exaggerated diminution of the distal horn core (
<figureCitation id="2DA32A06FFFAFFE0FCFDE39BFCEFFE79" box="[814,880,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1454,1473]" captionTargetBox="[226,714,1038,1346]" captionTargetId="graphics-579@5.[224,714,1038,1345]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological change amongst Tragelaphus saraitu, Tragelaphus rastafari sp. nov., and earlier and later representatives of Tragelaphus nakuae. Plots showing: decreasing horn core torsion (A); increasing horn core anteroposterior compression (B); and decreasing relative horn core length (C) over time. Specimens of T. nakuae older and younger than 2.3 Mya are distinguished by different symbols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440607/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). With increasing anteroposterior compression, the horn core cross-section sees greater changes between distal and basal sections: distal sections of horn cores retain a more regular triangular shape, becoming more compressed as they grow proximally (see
<bibRefCitation id="D1094B72FFFAFFE0FC89E074FBBBFDC1" author="Arambourg C" box="[858,1060,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" pagination="75 - 406" refId="ref7360" refString="Arambourg C. 1947. Contribution a l'etude geologique et paleontologique du bassin du Lac Rodolphe et de la basse vallee de l'Omo Mission Scientifique de l'Omo, 1932 - 1933. Geologie-Anthropologie. Paris: Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 75 - 406." type="book chapter" year="1947">Arambourg, 1947</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 64). Reduced premolar row to molar row ratio (0.48–0.63). Females most likely horned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E0EEFBB0FC33" blockId="4.[806,1421,718,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<materialsCitation id="05F03CDEFFFAFFE0FCF5E0EEFBB4FC33" collectionCode="MNHN" county="Omo River" location="Both" municipality="Bourille" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" specimenCode="MNHN 1933-9, 89, 106" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E0EEFC0DFD4B" box="[806,914,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<typeStatus id="6A238821FFFAFFE0FCF5E0EEFC14FD4B" box="[806,907,718,739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
A partial cranium with horn cores, listed alternatively as
<specimenCode id="E53E9EF8FFFAFFE0FC32E0CDFB17FCAA" box="[993,1160,749,770]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">MNHN 1933-9</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="E53E9EF8FFFAFFE0FB43E0CDFB33FCAA" box="[1168,1196,749,770]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">89</specimenCode>
or 1939-9-89 (‘Type A’); a partial right mandible with p4-m3, listed alternatively as
<specimenCode id="E53E9EF8FFFAFFE0FC60E10AFBC0FCE8" box="[947,1119,810,832]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">MNHN 1933-9</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="E53E9EF8FFFAFFE0FBB4E10AFB0EFCE8" box="[1127,1169,810,832]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">106</specimenCode>
or 1939-9-106 (‘Type B’).
<location id="B0476058FFFAFFE0FCB3E168FC08FCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D318795FFFAFFE1FF1CE421FDBDFDE2:B0476058FFFAFFE0FCB3E168FC08FCF6" box="[864,919,840,862]" county="Omo River" municipality="Bourille" name="Both" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Both</location>
specimens are recorded to come from
<collectingMunicipality id="5543ACF9FFFAFFE0FCF5E147FC1BFCD5" box="[806,900,871,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Bourillé</collectingMunicipality>
, on the left bank of the
<collectingCounty id="5C464E0FFFFAFFE0FB61E147FAAEFCD5" box="[1202,1329,871,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Omo River</collectingCounty>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D1094B72FFFAFFE0FA97E147FBBCFC33" author="Arambourg C" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" pagination="339 - 347" refId="ref7315" refString="Arambourg C. 1941. Antilopes nouvelles du pleistocene ancien de l'Omo (Abyssinie). Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, B. s. 2 13: 339 - 347." type="journal article" year="1941">Arambourg, 1941: 343–345</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E1E3FB52FC71" blockId="4.[806,1229,963,985]" box="[806,1229,963,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E1E3FCFEFC70" box="[806,865,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">FAD:</emphasis>
2.74 Mya (Shungura Unit C4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD826508FFFAFFE1FCF5E620FDBDFDE2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="704" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" type="description">
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E620FC0BFB9D" blockId="4.[806,1421,1024,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E620FCFDFBBD" box="[806,866,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">LAD:</emphasis>
~1.8 Mya (Shungura H or lower part of KBS Member).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E67CFB93FB65" blockId="4.[806,1421,1116,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E67CFBAAFBD9" box="[806,1077,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Main horizons present:</emphasis>
Omo Shungura: Unit C4 to Member H. Koobi Fora: Upper Tulu Bor, Lower Burgi, Upper Burgi, KBS Member. Middle Awash: Matabaietu 5, Wilti Dora 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E6D5FBDDF9B6" blockId="4.[806,1421,1269,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E6D5FB6BFAA2" box="[806,1268,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
Apomorphies relative to
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FBEDE6D5FB20FAA2" authorityName="Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[1086,1215,1269,1290]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rastafari">T. rastafari</taxonomicName>
and
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FB2EE6D5FC2BFA81" authority=": Prominently" authorityName="Prominently" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurycerus">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FB2EE6D5FA12FAA2" box="[1277,1421,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">T. eurycerus:</emphasis>
Prominently
</taxonomicName>
raised supraoccipital torus present, intercornual torus more consistently developed. Basal horn core compression (DT/DAP) is greater on average than in
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FC33E750FBFFFA2C" authorityName="Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[992,1120,1391,1413]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rastafari">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FC33E750FBFFFA2C" box="[992,1120,1391,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">T. rastafari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with values of
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FAC0E750FABEFA2D" box="[1299,1313,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">&gt;</emphasis>
1.50 first recorded (
<figureCitation id="2DA32A06FFFAFFE0FC4EE7AEFC6EFA0C" box="[925,1009,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1454,1473]" captionTargetBox="[226,714,1038,1346]" captionTargetId="graphics-579@5.[224,714,1038,1345]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological change amongst Tragelaphus saraitu, Tragelaphus rastafari sp. nov., and earlier and later representatives of Tragelaphus nakuae. Plots showing: decreasing horn core torsion (A); increasing horn core anteroposterior compression (B); and decreasing relative horn core length (C) over time. Specimens of T. nakuae older and younger than 2.3 Mya are distinguished by different symbols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440607/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FB62E7AEFABAFA0B" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[1201,1317,1422,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FB62E7AEFABAFA0B" box="[1201,1317,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">T. nakuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
younger than about 2.3 Mya show stouter, shorter horns with stronger distal taper, and reduction of horn torsion to less than 180° and reaching a minimum of 90° in most derived specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFAFFE0FCF5E466FCFFF8C7" blockId="4.[806,1422,1605,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FCF5E466FA8AF9F2" box="[806,1301,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Specimens of significance: Omo Shungura:</emphasis>
From the new collections of the Omo Group Research Expedition is OMO 3/2-10058 (
<figureCitation id="2DA32A06FFFAFFE0FB9BE4A3FB04F931" box="[1096,1179,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1018,1037]" captionTargetBox="[144,1425,196,988]" captionTargetId="figure-346@6.[144,1425,196,988]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Tragelaphus nakuae. A, MAT-VP-5/29 in anterior and dorsal views. B, KNM ER-1968, showing most clearly the supraoccipital torus. C, KNM ER-17359. D, KNM ER-272 braincase in right lateral view. E, OMO 3/2-10058 braincase. F, WIL-VP-2/20 in anterior and left lateral views. Scale bar = 10 cm for top row, 5 cm for bottom row." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440611/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) from Unit C4, representing the oldest recognized appearance of
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFAFFE0FAABE482FCE6F97D" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="703" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFAFFE0FAABE482FCE6F97D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="703">T. nakuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This specimen constitutes cranial fragments including posterior braincase and parts of the left and right horn cores. The posterior cranium preserves a supraoccipital torus and associated depressed area on the dorsal cranium just anterior to it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFBFFE1FD5EE37DFE97FDAC" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
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<tr id="0BA834C1FFFB001BFF24E37DFD70FED8" box="[247,751,349,368]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<th id="48795DBDFFFB001BFF24E37DFD70FED8" box="[247,751,349,368]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFBFFE1FD5EE37DFD77FED8" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[653,744,349,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="704" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFBFFE1FD5EE37DFD77FED8" box="[653,744,349,368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">T. nakuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0BA834C1FFFB001BFF24E3A6FD70FE31" box="[247,751,390,409]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<td id="48795DBDFFFB001BFF24E3A6FD70FE31" box="[247,751,390,409]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFBFFE1FD5EE3A6FD77FE31" authorityName="Reed &amp; Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[653,744,390,409]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="704" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakuae">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFBFFE1FD5EE3A6FD77FE31" box="[653,744,390,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">T. nakuae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0BA834C1FFFB001BFF24E38DFD70FE68" box="[247,751,429,448]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<td id="48795DBDFFFB001BFF24E38DFD70FE68" box="[247,751,429,448]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFBFFE1FD5CE38DFD70FE68" authorityName="Bibi" authorityYear="2011" box="[655,751,429,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="704" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rastafari">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFBFFE1FD5CE38DFD70FE68" box="[655,751,429,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">T. rastafari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0BA834C1FFFB001BFF24E3F8FD70FE43" box="[247,751,472,491]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<td id="48795DBDFFFB001BFF24E3F8FD70FE43" box="[247,751,472,491]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<taxonomicName id="72984D00FFFBFFE1FD43E3F8FD7BFE43" authorityName="Geraads, Melillo &amp; Haile-Selassie" authorityYear="2009" box="[656,740,472,491]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Tragelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="704" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saraitu">
<emphasis id="87ECEA91FFFBFFE1FD43E3F8FD7BFE43" box="[656,740,472,491]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">T. saraitu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0BA834C1FFFB001BFF24E3D2FD70FDAC" box="[247,751,498,516]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">
<td id="48795DBDFFFB001BFF24E3D2FD70FDAC" box="[247,751,498,516]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">A</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5273683FFFBFFE1FE5EE019FDBDFDE2" blockId="5.[397,546,569,586]" box="[397,546,569,586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="704">Torsion in degrees</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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