949 lines
152 KiB
XML
949 lines
152 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9513" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6632b6e2-aafe-4641-89d7-72156054232a" ID-PMC="PMC7710689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-996-121" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E10ADCC54CA253D697A4943BDCED16B2" ID-PubMed="33312049" ID-ZooBank="F1EA1AA72A014DBFA03B49A1131704D4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-996-121" checkinTime="1606312792010" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cerdena, Jose, Farfan, Jackie, Vargas, Hector A., Brito, Rosangela, Goncalves, Gislene L., Lazo, Ana & Moreira, Gilson R. P." docDate="2020" docId="3D27D75AA5C95B178E170D6C33EE0F7F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 996: 121-145" docOrigin="ZooKeys 996" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958" docTitle="Phyllocnistis furcata Vargas & Cerdena 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F54378EF-7ADF-425D-9FDD-B8F2223D1381" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="E10ADCC54CA253D697A4943BDCED16B2" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="E10ADCC54CA253D697A4943BDCED16B2" masterDocTitle="Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1732878395758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A62C3E67D3BDC35456055F1AFBBF1A91">Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov.: a new species of leaf-miner associated with Baccharis (Asteraceae) from Southern Peru (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC9BD15494AF47E1FE324F55B55F7950">Cerdena, Jose</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="933618B42B5CA48872B0B52B284E6297">PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501 - 970, Brazil & Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Alcides Carrion s / n, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93DACE28AFEA18C15EF97482A997FABA" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-6480</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="81EA25A76A5478EBD7619854D650F2E5" type="email">cerdenajoseal@yahoo.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EA66921E61C24417CDD7A3B7257B5E84">Farfan, Jackie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97215BD979A007EA9AAFA2DD6464AEC5">PPG Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501 - 970, Brazil & Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Alcides Carrion s / n, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="638320B530467F7DA9B960D5C1CA22F3">Vargas, Hector A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="27DAEF9571ECB398AEB1C943B4FCC4EB">Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas, Universidad de Tarapaca, Casilla 6 - D, Arica, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="71211CC262A460A03162E5C5D96D7CD6" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-3157</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A08881421FB27D2B41E5C2E4A5A43548">Brito, Rosangela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7803C5D9869FBE1E7B148F478D830FC">Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Porto Alegre RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="55BB3A306F148986E1C9116695714BDE">Goncalves, Gislene L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDD3AB6CFDD8D8A9A342795FDB9C7934">Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas, Universidad de Tarapaca, Casilla 6 - D, Arica, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8322174ED7D22348613A16775098AE2C">Lazo, Ana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="31AF96B89BB0A1CE94F0F6A18D9E54F8">Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Laboratorio Fisiologia Animal, Av. Alcides Carrion s / n, Arequipa, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="98CD59E8457C1F7B71959A18E4DDB14C">Moreira, Gilson R. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FB496053259E9AB5651B18C29D2F443">Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Porto Alegre RS, 91501 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="19CFD3E51E44830F054FCAD6D7D3318C" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-7164</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5B75CCC1F4E6216313A724A4A30B3106">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBF1845E1F84E584A0F48873BDC87BAE">
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<mods:date id="71BC4194140E49624312FF6B8A3AC25A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B79107CA220103542380472566C153D8">996</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C5365B78C70966B6DF927C194BBD2297">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="97B43D1F08EBAAA60809E3C49EA6C2CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="892D9760D37B83E31995B658CD08F163" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.53958</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87A01BAAC51070BB1103DDB6AB47A8F7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-996-121</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3D27D75AA5C95B178E170D6C33EE0F7F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170515959" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F54378EF-7ADF-425D-9FDD-B8F2223D1381" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D27D75AA5C95B178E170D6C33EE0F7F" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
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<subSubSection id="138116ABD892E0ADBB42C922FDDE59A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7160E22DA5A4D9F400A93AC7D039C12A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="3F1950CDB0E686283DDA4278B8D7EEBF" ID-CoL="8VLKS" LSID="3D27D75A-A5C9-5B17-8E17-0D6C33EE0F7F" authority="Vargas & Cerdeña" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata" status="sp. nov.">
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Phyllocnistis furcata Vargas &
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<normalizedToken id="41C630F3A020F6BCB814F9EE29B49601" originalValue="Cerdeña">Cerdena</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BA0097BEC5E2FB119C720DD8A0DCB544" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="6F08C2A5DCFEFCE101E76E536E3CCEB5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="CA38FF20906C95BE5338096FC34AA60F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 2</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="F8E54227F873457F886CF7F3EF9A4F29" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 3</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="263AAD7187D13D5D638DD6A30308530B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C609C0282696445B8930025687A90C11" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="0436CE38A036230CA45F5A82E7C886AF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADA1BAF2B65E7CB71E65422A3E10CCFC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E8A5FC2A2D1BDE5DC839E35B451849AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="type locality">
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||
<paragraph id="FC83BB1A5053B62310754DB5BAE73D12" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="385F8097C5A8D821061FE4A6D4371555" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
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||
Peru, Arequipa, Characato [
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<geoCoordinate id="BF2DDF524717808FF9D00C71DCD665F1" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.45">16°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="351A34E96FCDC7CA05B827976146B6D7" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.46667">71°28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2400 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C28A901E16EC3E19E373C0712718B933" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C4736CC64D25140101F6DC27ACEA5037" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DF5A5DA9091680858BF30754A99D04B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="3999E349F814511011F6047606238B98" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
: Peru • ♂; Arequipa, Characato;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="52ADE14C5E05DC0768FB13593C374CE9" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-16.45">16°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="2197969723BC2BD715CCA0E1659B6C3F" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.46667">71°28'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 2400 m a.s.l.; VIII-IX.2018; J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9153C0D7875141FDCE4F27B8DAC69E5E" originalValue="Cerdeña">Cerdena</normalizedToken>
|
||
, H. Vargas & J. Farfan leg.; reared from pupae collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E178D273BEC5C29965DD0C48ED97C8E" authorityName="Meyen & Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis alnifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alnifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1514B96245BA6F6C7C946A5819BEF22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis alnifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15C72B0C4741728E7D80524CCF78A3CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); MUSM.
|
||
<emphasis id="EADA95E1687735385419F919ABD4BCBD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
: same data as for holotype • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; MUSM; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; MUSA_ENT 015142, 015143; • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; LMCI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A875841558E9BCE49B616D800E2B3D11" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F518D58E5AF9D9A1DDBCEE809CF89179" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2D80014427F984133F7098D1D605114" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Adults, pinned and dried, 5 ♂, 8 ♀, same data as for holotype, MUSA_ENT 015144, 015145, 015146, 015147, 015148, 015149, 015150, 015151, 015152, 015153, 015154, 015155, 015156. Genitalia preparations (MUSA_Gent_015142, 015143, 015146, 015147, 015148), mounted on slides, with the same collection data. Immature stages (11 sap-feeding larvae, 06 spinning larvae, 20 pupae) preserved in 70% ethanol, with the same collection data, but with dates VIII-IX.2018, IV.2019 or XI.2019, MUSA.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B6D45832467064063931E9A34C676352" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B32203E83638E12DF798B7F13B667FA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F4C1C68157A0C262AE371F97D8FBFCB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="629CEE7901837B7912A4B58B525BF9E5" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA8F79953CF8004378CD139797537639" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other known species of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F10DCCF3ECE13051D199AC5E075A44D9" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C451F772AE18EF235CFC992C9970DCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the forewing pattern by a combination of the following characters: ground color silver, four distinct transverse fasciae; transverse fasciae 1 reduced to the costal margin and mesally fused to longitudinal fascia, both not connected to transverse fascia 2; transverse fascia 3 almost reaching the middle portion of the wing. In the male abdomen, by the presence of two pairs of coremata on abdominal segment VIII, one pair consisting of wide rounded flat scales, a character not found in other Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8CE08E96BE77ED465ACD113634A5956" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5068837CC300F8FD81B7FA070206A1B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the female genitalia, by presenting a remarkable forked-shaped signum with four elongated spines on the distal margin. This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE46A04797859F86170654FDEB5CCE03" lsidName="P. wygodzinskyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="wygodzinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="829D8C1C6616CBE28D6072976FE5B6EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. wygodzinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hering, 1958 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63B26606AEEE8BCF9AFFAE237360D948" lsidName="P. sexangula" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="sexangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="28F73E7526A2D2165E2B2178210D9BFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. sexangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Meyrick, 1915, in having similar patterns of fasciae. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6AFFB8D395917FA8E01D2FFCB8E062D" lsidName="P. wygodzinskyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="wygodzinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1DB01032032FA38F833083E3E75F9F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. wygodzinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a large black blotch at the inner border of the longitudinal fascia, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAA6856931C144C5F2D4762120A16A00" lsidName="P. sexangula" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="sexangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2476A4668ED1F0043FEA549C5FC5C5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. sexangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a small blotch close to the inner border of the longitudinal fascia, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE8662EE8AAF79E9445EEB54A7DF113C" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4E4082A66DA282B0CC4BEE1501818FE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no additional mark on the forewing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AABCA4C1834663DA38EA02569EC49B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="adult">
|
||
<paragraph id="1FDB5C48F7E01F80D061E4D119638D09" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Adult.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="573856085190E66249E4ED0FB50C5594" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="80DBB0E3B16D42DB69B04448F00D6C9C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F4238FEE7301D9678E67F2F6D73A97AE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="42E54190D4F19064F732B171176669BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing length 3.10-3.33 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="29C59344795817B64FEC4A96B3F6A79C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5). Head: Vestiture silvery pale brown, completely covered with smooth, broad, scales slightly overlapping anterior margin of eyes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2815CBD3E5D49C6253FE359FC540C183" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae light brown dorsally becoming dark towards apex and silvery white ventrally, approximately equal to length of forewing (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AD618A2494F43E6F3202AF57D8699AF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labial palpus slender, ~ 0.4 mm in length, covered with light grey scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFB97ADDA907E593D0757BE0028B0E62" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proboscis without scales, slightly longer than labial palpus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="462E499A99695A25C9CA414BA11883B0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax: Forewing ground color silvery white; with light orange longitudinal (lf) and transverse (tf) fasciae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDE62E3DD2BAA46471E60A0D7EF2F7EF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); if bordered by dark brown scales, extending 2/3 length of wing from base of costa, and connected with tf1 apically; tf1 not reach the inner margin, restricted between the costal margin and lf; tf2 separate from tf1, lightly convex, crossing the wing entirely; tf3 separate from tf2, but not reach the inner margin; tf4 separate from tf3, crossing the wing entirely. Apex of forewing with a well-marked black spot. Costal strigulae, light orange, emerge from the base of transverse fasciae. Apical strigulae, dark brown, emerge from black spot. Inner marginal fringe varies from orange to dark brown. Hindwings light pale brown gray, with long light brown fringes. Legs light gray except dark brown over dorsal surface of femur, tibia, and tarsus of foreleg. Abdomen length ~2.0 mm, dark grey covered with silvery pale brown scales, two pairs of coremata present laterally on segment VIII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="636018B244B527840E238D6C371203CC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), one pair consisting of a set of flat and long scales and the other pair consisting of wide rounded flat scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4550953C77D1A8FB4D60ACCBB258534" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whether the wide rounded flat scales function as coremata by themselves or appendages of the long ones remains unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E99D048535E1441B9ECEF1A69EDB02B8" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="9726B68D2B996A209F396BB36C9B9AA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CA2FD6D07829B40EB7635789B53E995" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C073EBECD68FA440B62B20FE044125E1" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBC793B8D870AC22CC48218CF84AD23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. adult morphology
|
||
<emphasis id="4A11450EBCE4C7E0C42BA51297405459" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50C40A87A9047A4D526C6C422808CFEA" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="344BC327B3AB05E7C3C50B78CDEC0FF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM)
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA8E1A2D1F026E42258DFFB2F2AA675" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="528F0E40BD295137B6BC794D189E856B" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D473F30670069F9C96D3EA1DD6EDCD38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA_ENT 015143)
|
||
<emphasis id="4AB66B10E4AEAB0E4110F93801E10DB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1-4) transverse fascia(e)
|
||
<emphasis id="95D50EDB57D5E16381705034D8845561" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="DAEC0A56D42C7E095CE5963582BA0022" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
), 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="69E6168596B2B2FD9C6F82F6D523E7D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.4 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B919FD725C3CD48AC5CA4D830C88C46D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="944BEE1ED206A4EB397DC1CED06FFA24" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="692C2BAD42ED9E8D6E641E9682B15B35" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="21CE884E17A3B682724130EC5D29DAC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFEE5E77D4B0C7F64AB251D9968BD0" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="209CFF5F5756C458CFC908985B783669" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy
|
||
<emphasis id="CD4ED0FC2C2FC305AF30316D3709C681" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A</emphasis>
|
||
male genital segments, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="4CF67A594D8D6F48BFC11DB06A1FC665" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B</emphasis>
|
||
phallus, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="35F6123BEE24436BE914B110C8D41C8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="48A119B7EC1C1C33A859B5DF21E53FEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales)
|
||
<emphasis id="7AE5CEFB0DB58245EDB8ED01DB152A77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
female genitalia, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D05E9C7B28A38FC0D894640AB7E7B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae)
|
||
<emphasis id="3A162294E14AD4E8C3D44B29307085F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G</emphasis>
|
||
corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="29BFEE0B039CEE64B458F1B6D47640B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A-C, F, G</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.3 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="CE597527EFB4FED487E9F81633CC48F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.4 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="583BB88D97280581A581A96DA756A651" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
). Genitalia slides: MUSA_Gent_015142 (A), MUSA_Gent_015146 (
|
||
<emphasis id="BCC5FC5D50619B210C0E6757A2B94AA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
), MUSA_Gent_015148 (
|
||
<emphasis id="42A23AAFA20EB57BEA7E7483FF6F9713" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E-G</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A47E31F6C808FB554B55E1DCC7784084" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="51B127CD93EE7090FB0F6E12DA8AB7D9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Uncus absent. Tegumen membranous, approximately equal to length of the valva, with spines arranged laterally from the base to the medial region. Saccus V-shaped, well developed, ~0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1F23EA7F3AFF2079C6790AC7B611B11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the size of valva. Valvae digitiform and slightly convergent from the base to the apex, apex with small spine, setae randomly arranged along the valva getting shorter in the distal part (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B12B981E847AAF6D3DAA8B9B2D1EDFE9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus slender and with a slightly convex apex, weakly sclerotized, wrinkled cylinder, lightly longer than valva; cornuti absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B59F6B1EACC1943CD9D087A74D4617A7" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C501304B92651DBA0AFF1D1D382BF41" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B22785F57A0F94DF50A4A9404CCB2100" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing length 3.30-3.41 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="9A2B0EA530C7C04B2CB44EE47455F004" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5). Color and pattern very similar to that of male, but head vestiture with light silvery scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E1633264F506CA7D1AD519F711795C2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindwings light silvery gray with long silvery fringes and abdomen color light brown covered with silvery scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="96B4BDBC9A2CCF4DFCE1A35209158411" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. adult morphology A, B holotype of P. furcata, male, with head in detail, dorsal view (MUSM) C, D paratype of P. furcata, female, with head in detail, dorsal (MUSA _ ENT 015143) E detail of right forewing with terminologies adopted, lf: longitudinal fascia; tf (1 - 4) transverse fascia (e) F lateral view of a male head with labial palpus (indicated by closed arrow head) and antenna (indicated by open arrow head). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C), 1 mm (E), 0.4 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478942" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). VII abdominal sternum trapezoid, anterior margin thickened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="76F6E27623911E1B62F3ACB80E827FF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C144BA5AA4A5E54A64224301F45FBD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Papillae anales slightly sclerotized, covered with hair-like setae. Posterior apophyses ~2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D8DDE29A8AA4E3443E89383BCB5DBCA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of anterior apophyses (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DCD3AF28897C27C477F4125839D0F2A9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ostium bursae posterior to sternum 7. Ductus bursae completely membranous, slender, elongate, over 6.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81AD63253EEE303E1F68E9C1727E04AB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of posterior apophyses (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="99C04EEC7731334749150924705BF8D2" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Corpus bursae slightly elongated, ~0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84D09AEF5FD9000681E8D74E071310B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of ductus bursae, mainly membranous with three signa; a prominent fork-shaped signum on basis, resembling a garden fork, that occupies ~0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8573745497C25AF6D79DE549882971F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of corpus bursae with four elongated spines distally projected, and two small signa irregular in shape with minute dark spots on distal portion and also scattered sclerotized pellets on the bursa wall (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F0B03E490571A46C4A6DD8132F741FC9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. genital morphology under light microscopy A male genital segments, ventral view B phallus, lateral C male genitalia with phallus removed, ventral D coremata (open arrows indicate wide rounded flat scales) E female genitalia, ventral F female last abdominal segments, in detail (seta points to ostium bursae) G corpus bursae in detail (closed arrows indicate two small signa with minute dark spots). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-C, F, G), 0.3 mm (D), 0.4 mm (E). Genitalia slides: MUSA _ Gent _ 015142 (A), MUSA _ Gent _ 015146 (B-D), MUSA _ Gent _ 015148 (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478943" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ductus seminalis membranous, narrow, inserted in base of corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="115F326E0A8F463D59A25C0CDB609E27" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="immature stages">
|
||
<paragraph id="43D5EA020915CC30BB7E92B238FC6581" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Immature stages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5796CD616F78BA2026668DBF0CC0AC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">The number of larval instars was not determined, with three sap-feeding instars suspected and one spinning instar.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92BA2D08E3292C191368F496A67396F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="egg">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C9FFEEEF97C210084DBD33B991D5AEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Egg.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BAED7552B7EAB1B536D7402F08AAB76D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4A28FE1E3C04F1012E69D588AA22855" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Flat, slightly ellipsoid; ~0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E9AADCB2F28C872662B6AA0E0C3B9030" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25 mm; chorion translucent; aeropyles, micropyles, and external ornamentation not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9FCD1CB704FF7C555CA9266113AC8EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="sap-feeding larva">
|
||
<paragraph id="F449C6F4D40C773BA32C9C70A5F9F4AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Sap-feeding larva.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4137B64A3C465CCE6892E390C0C09EDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C85FBFFE0AE5A37FC1FA706BB34578D4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B45EED14CD4249427E367E6D84905F1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B90DD3A8430719B5ABBFC76B1515498A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body flattened dorsoventrally, yellowish translucent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E08E1B0EAB3B256F6CFA3879C2FBD21D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length of largest larva examined ~ 4.5 mm. Head brown, prognathous, setae absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4932C6F30E693433E20F66D460282F3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two pairs of small stemmata located in the lateral region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7744B1B5203C29226D66DB66CE3A3B0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna 3-segmented, with four sensilla, two stout ones located on the second segment and two on the distal segment, one spiniform and other stout (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2C49E16B0E91FA2A8C982FE835FE6B9C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum slightly bilobed with small epipharyngeal spines, which are of greater size in the lateral region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D68968EED07342751871462BC0374A0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium slightly bilobed with small spines near distal margin (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0FC8FDC3916CC7C25B1E170DC59403A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinneret present, in the form of a transverse slit. Maxillary and labial palpi absent. Legs and prolegs absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="75CDC6BDE56A5E5A9C91A625A0923EF0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax with prothoracic light-brown dorsal shield in the form of a trapezoid (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="BB9EAC712454873555CF015B937898FC" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BB06D549E84B841AD5EEE8DF16D4D39" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thoracic and abdominal segments without setae. Circular spiracle laterally on segments T1 and A1-A8 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3F4905652A42B979F49255721342198E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Caudal abdominal segment slightly bilobed distally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5357002B08C603AF2ACB85A189BA065E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. sap-feeding larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D labrum, dorsal E labium, ventral F antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral G prothoracic shield, dorsal H abdominal spiracle, lateral I last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C), 50 µm (D, E), 25 µm (F), 100 µm (G, I), 5 µm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">4I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B8A0D359EF8DD6E5FEC548F15CC8455E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1912E4CFAABA13189C8FB9A1F445CBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="5637CEB4B05C7215D6F5BD8E3D7C4CAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval and pupal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B1F0C80D0C9A814126FF8920AED58E9" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="07350A94A6EC39297AFA7C2C75198E4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. under light microscopy
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFEB52C9DB074CE73511FCA645AAD78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A</emphasis>
|
||
sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="B259B8184BE9225B5B7232F9CD943997" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B</emphasis>
|
||
spinning larva, dorsal and ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="2FFE34063037EF9C92EF589A7CAEE1F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="575BD159D91FF49EE3C7ACA467F3EBC8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7E19E38004D589BA70B477F69998E2C3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478945" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="07C85F65B9D8A0B8ABD480456C6A1FBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DFEBE32F1717CE5117ACE00D6B550DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3108F6BF3D404B556B1A16EDE09B313" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="32123E210655878D653E45F2D1947DDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. sap-feeding larva
|
||
<emphasis id="08CCE901F0CEE30A6A281C8F6E3525C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views
|
||
<emphasis id="A17707A37E42E204EE43F5327C643107" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
labrum, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="4E10484BF95DBE00BEA246E5C0F8F5AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
labium, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="7D8AD54D1A38347FBA7E32423FE3F083" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
antenna and stemmata (indicated by arrow), ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="32B4E80D9DC142950CCD7D366C99E045" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G</emphasis>
|
||
prothoracic shield, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="C88358764EC6840B3816EB2F80644D4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal spiracle, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="E4F2B482AC18CDA56A4C78F0176B2BB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">I</emphasis>
|
||
last abdominal segment, ventral. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1675247F11BE3962FAD645FC0A17BA65" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C0C010206AA608350ABF1F8717D8152D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), 150
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FC84D5A5860271AF34B7EB85BC267E7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="9BBDB60445C9A458F94EFE140DFCCF15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64473B31BF6ED38FFA364C7031FB0511" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CE61A23EEB23590CE35A4E4DF7748E84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
), 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9E18B80EC9EAF4373A93DA3B4E8D364" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="6AE8379D52B74169683553FDEE92B339" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2439B37050CA0FDD411897C0A036CBF1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C935F13F7F2FD83B84018BE346A77FF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G, I</emphasis>
|
||
), 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="00E3A542ACF2E645500A2706E76D3522" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AA1EE9D2756FC24DDD44BAAA70DDAD68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D800F26135E8D2851EA220F170C892AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="spinning larva">
|
||
<paragraph id="4BAE9ABBA54C35477B720587BEDE0552" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Spinning larva.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E612FDC99D953AA5DB3AFB5A36750024" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C02C5C5DD389C959ED3EC4C414029725" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="EC2F915BD8181E9492987A2C17A9BCC0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="43EA32414050211AA2A8A628976FE2C6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body yellowish, cylindrical, wider along the thorax and first abdominal segments, narrowing towards the posterior region, covered with microtrichia (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="89CFBF5EE9C938340ABB5D98AB838FF9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3379F5B64AE4974AF36F669A686992A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Approx. 5.00 mm maximum length. Head capsule weakly sclerotized, with anteriorly pronounced trophic lobe (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABB2C1D7C7D63A5941BEE3EFBAC1CB20" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4289AD2B968F153F75096C0E049D78D8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stemmata absent. Antenna short, three-segmented, with five sensilla (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3CC66BB5EB0BBB3D94625CA131F38FD6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeal region with three pairs of setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7604525CB9ADEC98A10A4CDA4E48A8D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palpi, represented by a pair of short sensilla. Spinneret short (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E5F70BA6C10DD55CD21BA3F405ED722" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax with slightly pronounced prothoracic dorsal shield (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FF16F5612011F0378449FE7103850F04" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs and prolegs absent. A single ambulatory callus ventrally on center of meso- and metathorax (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4CDBD29EE1D178868DBEC843894AA29" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="40737986069913D59A12B44442FAAEE0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). One pair of smaller ambulatory calli ventrally on A3-A7 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1537563ADD24BDCE9E180B6107C33D8E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C519A10446010D46439B69FD828FBDC1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). One pair of lateral campaniform sensilla on A2-A9 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1D67C4FC4682B33F3D89C0C58AFE074" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Caudal abdominal segment slightly bilobed distally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="57C66B8B29F3FC904A5C8D32231EA171" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. spinning larva A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively D detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal E spinneret, (indicated by square in B) F antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C) G mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral H abdominal spiracle, lateral I abdominal segment A 6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow) J abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I) K campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I) L last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, B), 150 µm (C, I), 25 µm (D, E), 10 µm (F, H, K), 50 µm (G, L), 40 µm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">5L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F46974C68B9EEC1AF3AD364BEEFCAE44" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478946" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="A17F07F0C290AE3574FD7913B76FF022" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F833A8760269895CD4726754ACD4150" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20DD7BE64D961380DCE49ABAF868B014" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E70C085D97540A85336671FF5A1D098D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. spinning larva
|
||
<emphasis id="7836870A323799FFBE76B609404D97C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively
|
||
<emphasis id="5E6F7CADD0ED3492045960949E84B192" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
detail of trophic lobe and clypeal region, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="6916151CA597609AD6FBDDCC6B688AB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
spinneret, (indicated by square in B)
|
||
<emphasis id="62669C060901E93F52D6C8269B38E1A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
antenna, lateral (indicated by square in C)
|
||
<emphasis id="EA46455E114FB8220E1D55938F92CC23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G</emphasis>
|
||
mesothoracic ambulatory callus in detail, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="48E58E6D7564E29A7B1AF7EABDB42846" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal spiracle, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="3CF1D6BAC8F52E5A20B7BDC47FF5D898" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">I</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal segment A6, ventral (campaniform sensilla indicated by arrow)
|
||
<emphasis id="7DC58B2332294D3E4D1DE14F17F923C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">J</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal ambulatory callus in detail, ventral (indicated by square in I)
|
||
<emphasis id="9B3175B02CF3A213ABAE6EBD4E6B0584" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">K</emphasis>
|
||
campaniform sensilla in detail, ventral (indicated by arrow in I)
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FC4F88B91FA7754CBB0462C4B3CD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">L</emphasis>
|
||
last abdominal segment, dorsal. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8013A7E91CFB287B5818424985419B5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACA262EA6D64C48832519ED01106AAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
), 150
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D34833EF0AAD29EFEFE35FC74C8EB97C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1C4DDD1F9C2F2F291799C37E4837A0F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C, I</emphasis>
|
||
), 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="46E5F0C84F5C6DF2A64F789C9B1ADA94" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="86B01DB68A867D1579BE1B6E07FC59C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D, E</emphasis>
|
||
), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B8BC16802C8824D461AA3C59C16C3815" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="E8C00ADBFA7A3F1B30B8619EF24EEB6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F, H, K</emphasis>
|
||
), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CBF74336CCBA3F2348CFB8DE2B2E2990" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5C63A6BD017CCD98C4F5A520E8423534" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G, L</emphasis>
|
||
), 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="57EC8CAEAFC7B763DEA16E8B96F704C3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="6B21B0DC3ADED5AC18DB74847F986E3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">J</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DA21E65864E2C7B16B942C4DD115B702" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="pupa">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA5059714B3B0CE7A68AD38B25B84B31" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Pupa.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAEC9D27ABB244AE6B2BC2CD1027F8CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="25B15271ECD2B3F99411E5D01EC1CEFB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D5F3C82D1C003D281AE44B09A3ECDF5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F05061F3D1B666149801A57CB3C8BECD" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). 1 Coloration changing from light yellowish during early stage of pupation to yellowish brown later in development (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D25FE8F55CBC39C5C819836B1CF7410A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Approx. 5.00 mm maximum length. Cocoon-cutter triangular, concave dorsally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5A564CC0229D52A8DD404D1A431D8997" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with serrated lateral edges (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="109A42F2642719EA8B32D78D4EC2451A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons with two pairs of large frontal setae close labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="35D7278F7239D811E7B337E397478DF2" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum ellipsoidal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B9DB0ED1C13C9A910F5AC1EE7211EC61" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna long and straight, extending to abdominal segment A7; forewing extending to A6 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="83EBAC0462F35199327ABE1B23A8E5A5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); prothoracic, mesothoracic and metathoracic legs reaching segments A3, A5 and A8, respectively (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF34150F4BCFF5152C6F856E40B8B4FC" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of long setae, latero-dorsally on meso-, metathorax and A2 (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7290A72842AB9E814BF166BFBD967D9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="30FAD3D4491DA2DCEECCE233B485BCCC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral setae on abdominal segments A3-A7 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7867F1642BD602D5BA1A853E9ABBD2E3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Larval and pupal morphology of P. furcata sp. nov. under light microscopy A sap-feeding larva, dorsal and ventral view B spinning larva, dorsal and ventral C pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral, respectively. Scale bars: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478944" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); those of meso-, metathorax, A2-5 with dentate apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4798DAB97192D838AA525B64620CED79" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6I</figureCitation>
|
||
), those of A6-7 with clavate apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AD7C3E351AF439C3B8B6328CE3D4EC3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). A8 segment with a pair of acute setae latero-dorsally directed posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0231E9D83280BE2F2C8BB0775AA07199" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6K</figureCitation>
|
||
). One pair of conspicuous spiracles up to A2-A7 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC763787B0BC1E732601C34D5CD2B937" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum of A1-A7 with a pair of curved, large spines, projecting laterally, from A2 to A7 with a variable sized patch of smaller spines projecting posteriorly between them (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="18182D1B10D0EC26FAE272F4CA8B0400" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). One pair of small lateral spines on the pleural region from A1 to A7 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFD0D34CB45CFE8DFB7EC2CA39A06C7E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pleural region of body and last four abdominal segments covered by microtrichia (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A222CCE51A1E270C9E9E1C7C871EA2A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of slightly divergent acute processes from caudal apex on last abdominal segment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C160824F5BE0F767BCACA295C5C71B6" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of P. furcata sp. nov. pupa A-C head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views D cocoon-cutter, ventral E setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B) F lateral seta on abdominal segment A 2, dorsal G detail of abdominal segment A 3, dorsal H lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A 6, dorsal I detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A 2, (indicated by square in F) J abdominal spiracle, lateral K, L last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200 µm (A-C, G), 50 µm (D), 40 µm (E), 100 µm (F, H, K, L), 10 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">6K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6085DC554ED50EDCC1B949D091E24FE4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478947" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="60C24C7C4DDE86C09ABA730E0AECAAD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="23FFF10915C6E3832B68B5727958D1B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A3EA714496BAB18A78371FECCD85159" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A82D6294C7BB59B48209BA7BDA7EE8A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. pupa
|
||
<emphasis id="79287365118A98B35285E263A4E3E86A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
head under dorsal, ventral, and lateral views
|
||
<emphasis id="01A730D930F14291BF6DB85C3FF88D3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
cocoon-cutter, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="BDEAEA6548356D1C9D8BE5309CCBEC6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
setae on clypeus, ventral (indicated by square in B)
|
||
<emphasis id="5012F59019D0E680CFA3A4105AA85B65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral seta on abdominal segment A2, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="768E7CEB0E20978C916C5D2C00818DB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G</emphasis>
|
||
detail of abdominal segment A3, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="89620C57CC158F0625ABE4FFD3FD4CCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral seta with clavate apex, adjacent to spiracle (indicated by arrow) and close to small spine on abdominal segment A6, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3687A76CC7B7AB892B64CF551A417" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">I</emphasis>
|
||
detail of lateral seta distal portion, with dentate apex from abdominal segment A2, (indicated by square in F)
|
||
<emphasis id="268CE765C1A174E479236BEE2235D6F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">J</emphasis>
|
||
abdominal spiracle, lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="C3A270D3D7B701D2C99773FEC169E460" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">K, L</emphasis>
|
||
last abdominal segments, dorsal and ventral, respectively. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7AB4FE41E99423A71DFAC945557CA957" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BEFE047E071C55E5ABECF1F2BFA8523E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A-C, G</emphasis>
|
||
), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69268046344982D414B181DB88071CA6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5D1D256C3AEAE1D63D3409B6560E7886" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
), 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B6E893D0FD6D49D54C34EDC2524619C5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C32FD138931E6F54273F59E409328AE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="92D115CB58945701E3604F4BAAA8005F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B0F7BAB4D3FF2D6C6DB83F8F0F892D75" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F, H, K, L</emphasis>
|
||
), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CEECCD4AD7C1C753AAF8CD8D3EF9B14" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="46095775FA4D4457E0D39A5ED4D877D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">I, J</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="32284B2AA56AF13035155939359FE8F5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="462EF00FFC96C1C9CD1C2BDE7FBEE774" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="530DBBA37D427D7FFEA00AD7587E4E3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Natural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E87B4DC27E85CF8E10B7D2ECA8EE1B6" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87EA526AEE5D0C5F0375A18821923D42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C13E6ADDDBBAFC3BCF7AB6DE081DD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A</emphasis>
|
||
type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF8495DC386E5F52D397E93E23072241" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BD97303B1B24D75D693663E0B65E7BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host-plants)
|
||
<emphasis id="51371E2BF39AC74D9843D22B27AA2FBB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50F43DC083A449DBF7A6BAEEF6E261F4" lsidName="B. alnifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="alnifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C23227D3930972162CF4D01E6318F15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B. alnifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plant, under close view
|
||
<emphasis id="75CC0B2246A7120EEA1F0AFA0D2BF0EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
egg containing developing embryo
|
||
<emphasis id="688B61B03B78689FC72613E4E5FD0540" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head)
|
||
<emphasis id="23D42767C8788D9B0049DA3F076F5834" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E</emphasis>
|
||
sap-feeding larva, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="00978E210FE851E6CACE267D4F850168" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">F</emphasis>
|
||
spinning larva, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="5CBD0CB2271AADE33CE26471ED278190" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">G</emphasis>
|
||
leaf with a single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E87E3B595D689D2547DE2216C5A1AFC" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F645F99AD7C1AF4DE9372582ED74D067" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA83355A5B6EB98B69E91D55449F06D6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Transverse histological sections of P. furcata sp. nov. mine on Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. (Asteraceae) leaf A intermediate portion (location indicated by line 1 in Fig. 7 G) B final portion (location indicated by line 2 in Fig. 7 G). Feces are indicated by open arrows. Ab, epidermis of abaxial surface; Ad, epidermis of adaxial surface; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478949" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">8</figureCitation>
|
||
; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine)
|
||
<emphasis id="8305E6AE65EF028955135FC81F000438" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H</emphasis>
|
||
pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="97E8D5BA65C5758E290D26F3A398189A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">I</emphasis>
|
||
pupa, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="A73218B4DD910002D18B62E13525B42F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">J</emphasis>
|
||
pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="AE6E9709356BCA941E355283229B82E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
), 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="8E1BDFC7C7EABC3237E31D67AAC60EF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">D</emphasis>
|
||
), 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FA9C91F6D2604A1D6BD07EACA2E15A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F590F0742F47E9F8B064EF206257FE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">H-J</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B14A9E51DE9045E18CF6144010D9D6A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A94F347FBCDB2388A6AD5105C30B167F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0725FB7BE5ACE104DB1D016CC75426D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAD484BCB48820C1DCE5993B4AA3F591" lsidName="furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="35B024D4615149B4F238B20B1EA9BC4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis id="DAAE06ECAD9C8B88465E8904C58850B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">furcatus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4D56D7D41F8D08A7885EC331411E18A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">furca</emphasis>
|
||
meaning fork, alludes to the large and prominent form of the signum present in the female genitalia, resembling a garden fork.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62988B0A91BACD0747909017A9A9E756" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="607F01764F8B27ECEB22D492843553D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D624386746BCDDE4FF6C60C5620DCB0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8F7BABEF52D00E3A6BADC4B4E38A9D8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68A1A1167988C7D71DE7F9E2F9DC4EB8" authorityName="Meyen & Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis alnifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alnifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C515780A2391CA09158D0D79F89039D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis alnifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Meyen & Walp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="893EE53BF5A59E3E0667AF53BC5A36C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is the only host plant known for the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B98C1B47F47F169348B22D3259D279E" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="12D7B7E98D2B626B902B68727CF4D5F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species is distributed from Peru to northern Chile, with an altitudinal range between 2400-3800 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF2818D557B108679B7911B69DACD7E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" author="Beltran, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="64 - 164" refId="B4" refString="Beltran, H, Granda, A, Leon, B, Sagastegui, A, Sanchez, I, Zapata, M, 2006. Asteraceae endemicas del Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 13 (2): 64 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" title="Asteraceae endemicas del Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" volume="13" year="2006">Beltran et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE3456BDA7DBC0C41879C37E8A189F2A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001" author="Rodriguez, R" journalOrPublisher="Gayana Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 430" refId="B60" refString="Rodriguez, R, Marticorena, C, Alarcon, D, Baeza, C, Cavieres, L, Finot, VL, Fuentes, N, Kiessling, A, Mihoc, M, Pauchard, A, Ruiz, E, Sanchez, P, Marticorena, A, 2018. Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile. Gayana Botanica 75: 1 - 430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001" title="Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001" volume="75" year="2018">Rodriguez et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Peru,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF0C74BB12BCC0E9B1306BC95E8F82CB" lsidName="B. alnifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="alnifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="60656C1AAC219CE1DAD955AD45C6564B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B. alnifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the western slopes of the Andes, distributed from the departments of La Libertad to Tacna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92E45B931788C6C2A451E463DBC7EBD4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" author="Beltran, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="64 - 164" refId="B4" refString="Beltran, H, Granda, A, Leon, B, Sagastegui, A, Sanchez, I, Zapata, M, 2006. Asteraceae endemicas del Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 13 (2): 64 - 164, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" title="Asteraceae endemicas del Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v13i2.1807" volume="13" year="2006">Beltran et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is commonly known as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8CB1DD530AD3042278D351B7919FCC6E" originalValue="“chilca”">"chilca"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, a shrub that reaches a height of 1.5 to 3 meters, and grows predominately on river banks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04097CACB694504B7F1BF67DE8F32691" author="Brako, L" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod-Plant Interactions" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" refId="B6" refString="Brako, L, Zarucchi, JL, 1993. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45." title="Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45." year="1993">Brako and Zarucchi 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="797213E1F9F70C863197996BD3A8801F" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AFC4C9885B893B4E8F6F07BC214D98CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BED1CE9E255E84A40A2FAA67D399B30D" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1B54479228B9F274A1AC2F34F8C0687" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A0A7C6FE8EAF199D10A9E2852DDCEE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the type locality, Characato, Arequipa, Peru (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9744759E4184A2E47D240970010651F0" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="158D0484807CCEEE6D4B6E48BBCA41F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="life history">
|
||
<paragraph id="F5E02444A3507BBAD225B6D1D022742B" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Life history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="722005BD8D246DD8DCE3D683058B1E22" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="33B04A96B0B4965DCEBFECC1AD065B56" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7C-J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8260F918DB146EF3A899C7D056BE41EC" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Transverse histological sections of P. furcata sp. nov. mine on Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. (Asteraceae) leaf A intermediate portion (location indicated by line 1 in Fig. 7 G) B final portion (location indicated by line 2 in Fig. 7 G). Feces are indicated by open arrows. Ab, epidermis of abaxial surface; Ad, epidermis of adaxial surface; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478949" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A0129B6DE893362EF3401E4C8693D34" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10C2A0A2C099EC01E1683663763965DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mines are serpentine throughout their length, initially narrow, increasing in width to the end of the mine, covering most of the area of the leaf (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="690DAD7F8A50652A22EB6D2B35B493F0" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mines were found either on young leaves under development or fully expanded ones, and almost all began near the midrib and extended along it. We found the majority of mines on the abaxial side of the leaf, and fewer on the adaxial side of the leaf. Most mines were found singly on a leaf; however, sometimes mined leaves carried two mines, either two on the abaxial side or one on each side. Mature mines are light green in color (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DA06EEAFF81891A4ADD803094EA594E5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae are sap-feeders during the first instars (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C950DD76CCF81D775E04352D6F03DF54" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are specialized in the palisade parenchyma, leaving the epidermis layers and generally the spongy parenchyma intact (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DD8EB82CDF5C4B1CCF35843F64BB9B8E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Transverse histological sections of P. furcata sp. nov. mine on Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. (Asteraceae) leaf A intermediate portion (location indicated by line 1 in Fig. 7 G) B final portion (location indicated by line 2 in Fig. 7 G). Feces are indicated by open arrows. Ab, epidermis of abaxial surface; Ad, epidermis of adaxial surface; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478949" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). During the last spinning instar, it does not feed, but spins a cocoon within which pupation occurs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D08C2306BB59CC1C59C34E1B1C4051D3" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cocoon is endophyllous, located on the final portion of the mine, during construction leading to a fold outside the leaf typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="169E4BFA97FF4400C444F03990A872F5" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82F351C7E0B57F99DC0E4B4A41DBAF23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A42C381BE9BC7D41A5BBA390808DEC1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Before adult emergence, the anterior half of the pupa (head and thorax) protrudes out, while the posterior half remains in the pupal cocoon (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C393252AD0F94E4E39A29747F67F492C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7J</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the examined mines, ~20% had a living and not parasitized larva or pupa. The remaining mines (~80%) were either empty or contained larvae or pupae which were either dead or parasitized by unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F81A9A0E6D84B4BA4A4FF923A058004" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the affected stages varied from early sap-feeding larvae to pupal stage. Our field collection data indicate that the species may occur all year around in the area, with higher densities found in April and November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B987F56E14ACC6C5213189CF7E061F37" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph id="01183A61E41D388C36EA2C5A0172FB47" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5CB7DB137B1DFE5A66C095E914E6B703" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0A0291CB8198FCDAB20D8E7DA376D758" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. COI trees showing the specific classification of Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages A phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2 - parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from Brito et al. (2017) and BOLD database] B maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675) C maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. - ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Oecophyllembiinae) and Marmara arbutiella Busck, [1904] (Marmarinae) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species / lineages that use Baccharis species as host plants." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478950" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The five DNA barcodes obtained for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84701DA685E36B742DBFB70C5A81E98E" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5625EE8BD6785D3E8E8F16A16D4A3F79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(intraspecific distance = 0%) fall within the same clade, supporting the identification of the new species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F56BCFEFD4EB7CC68747C71C5F43BF16" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. COI trees showing the specific classification of Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages A phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2 - parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from Brito et al. (2017) and BOLD database] B maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675) C maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. - ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Oecophyllembiinae) and Marmara arbutiella Busck, [1904] (Marmarinae) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species / lineages that use Baccharis species as host plants." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478950" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nearest neighbor (BS = 57) is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B275648177447FCE6F89F8BD3C36CEDE" lsidName="P. ourea" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="ourea">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C9FE2341D8008209F774A808BF6FDAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. ourea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="561D7F9B758A9E4CF7DE00EE6F20299E" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. COI trees showing the specific classification of Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages A phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2 - parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from Brito et al. (2017) and BOLD database] B maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675) C maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. - ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Oecophyllembiinae) and Marmara arbutiella Busck, [1904] (Marmarinae) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species / lineages that use Baccharis species as host plants." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478950" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1200CE69AFB64925E96B847E81A2E7B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="57AD1CFAD6C0E4D6B508F518C36C73CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-feeding species. This pattern is consistent in MP and ML analysis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="772D401060DB9FF15530BD0BF5DD337B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. COI trees showing the specific classification of Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical Phyllocnistis lineages A phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2 - parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from Brito et al. (2017) and BOLD database] B maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675) C maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. - ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C. Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra, 2005 (Oecophyllembiinae) and Marmara arbutiella Busck, [1904] (Marmarinae) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species / lineages that use Baccharis species as host plants." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478950" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">9B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), with node support (BS = 59). The mean distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49ED2B46C6CF14BDCC97CF06C8368362" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="10C98660BE3415AE4F591290A649A5D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F20E923E85D4D3504E09425C292B122" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C45770F25D9CB640360CFD819385099E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(14.8%) is near the overall divergence within the genus (15.3%) and Neotropical groups (15.3%) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="9722FD25EEA59D97E69E2B6D448BA340" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Mean genetic distance (minimum - maximum) based on COI sequences using Kimura- 2 parameters method for distinct phylogenetic arrangement of Phyllocnistis species, with special reference to Phyllocnistis furcata sp. nov. N, number of specimens used in the dataset." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2EB0D751FE97B5D0FA235E886B8B4F2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" tableUuid="2EB0D751FE97B5D0FA235E886B8B4F2A">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The lowest divergence was observed between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F338E0AACBE09199151BDBC76037ABE" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B44E4F44A52264D225C35ACDA68A62E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E2592ABEE2CD6CE7EB53F1C602BB621" lsidName="P. ourea" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="ourea">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D72DC45AE3A52488B698EF3228EA20F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. ourea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91364D2F702540B1B6099AFAEB066991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43572CEC53E79D414773F304D0B5A93C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-feeding lineage
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9724AC0FCB63BD5214E41098897C2B" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45170D40E76C9286E5E5D9CED17423D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 12 showed high divergence distance (14.7%), similar to other species from the Neotropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ABDDD31A9947F6243D7FDFBB62012B27" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478949" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C9EAEC8CAD410784024FB59C664BA4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB98559B065E97A237784079BB6827CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse histological sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28BC974C425F13198CF4C40853B54DC9" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E31B47B82982A619AD68849FFBD21C23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. mine on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E7A7CC15D30C10904FBD3125B6C47AE" authorityName="Meyen & Walp" authorityYear="1843" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis alnifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alnifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="6A5B36C22EF4656694C6E8423DE19E00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis alnifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Meyen & Walp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F4B4659CAE0DFB294B384FE9BF6E4E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) leaf
|
||
<emphasis id="FE625A6797CE386881034D8507553F6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A</emphasis>
|
||
intermediate portion (location indicated by line 1 in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5C7418C554A27C93D2521A53343F4F74" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="3F34F546355014326B5EC6A7716F43DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B</emphasis>
|
||
final portion (location indicated by line 2 in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B3CCA48A9D9D4033C146FAE808FAEF3" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Natural history of P. furcata sp. nov. A type locality in Characato valley, Arequipa, southern Peru (setae point to Baccharis host-plants) B B. alnifolia plant, under close view C egg containing developing embryo D early mine with attached egg shell remains (pointed by arrow head) E sap-feeding larva, dorsal F spinning larva, dorsal view G leaf with a single P. furcata mine on adaxial surface (numbers indicate position of histological sections presented in Fig. 8; open and closed arrows indicated respectively the beginning and ending of the mine) H pupal cocoon, latero-dorsal I pupa, dorsal J pupal exuvium protruded from cocoon after adult emergence (close arrows points to pupal exuvium). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (C), 0.5 mm (D), 2 mm (E, F), 20 mm (G), 2.5 mm (H-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478948" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Feces are indicated by open arrows. Ab, epidermis of abaxial surface; Ad, epidermis of adaxial surface; Lm, leaf mine; Pp, palisade parenchyma; Sp, spongy parenchyma. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D015E93DD2CF4C14A8ED015BD0D678FE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.53958.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478950" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="07C4029AD2400F9108E6235911B4BE87" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="62BDC5B5BD11C3E2330DC11F0F4314C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
COI trees showing the specific classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD9E85911451DC5159BA14B5F6331FD3" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="206F7AC023E381966FB09DB0DC20416C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (blue), and its position among 23 Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B2856450F8472F97930C728316F7B86" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44D55C1A9FEEBD4DA00B84530DF7AE82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages
|
||
<emphasis id="A82D009EBCF80D6038B6E6FC5B09B34E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">A</emphasis>
|
||
phylogeny inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura 2-parameter model. Host plants, when known, are indicated for each species [data were obtained from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24F7A9E096A74D18D5032F64D5DCA400" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.1" author="Brito, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" pagination="301 - 352" refId="B9" refString="Brito, R, Lopez-Vaamonde, C, Goncalves, GL, Becker, VO, Mielke, OHH, Moreira, GRP, 2017. Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations. Zootaxa 4341 (3): 301 - 352, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.1" title="Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.1" volume="4341" year="2017">Brito et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and BOLD database]
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFA5F800C886C558E1FB68BB39749C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">B</emphasis>
|
||
maximum parsimony consensus tree (length 1006, consistency index 0.3315, and retention index 0.4675)
|
||
<emphasis id="5261EF28176E6C641094E6D6139D96CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">C</emphasis>
|
||
maximum likelihood tree using the general time reversible model of sequence ecolution. -ln likelihood = 4913.93 The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown above the branches in A, B, and C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0488540F9B5F1242CEA0F27F7A95A31B" authorityName="Vargas & Parra" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Angelabella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angelabella tecomae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tecomae">
|
||
<emphasis id="69DAC5C1DB323B2B8DDC7BF57F3AC1AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Angelabella tecomae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vargas & Parra, 2005 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53643A59F8BE4F67BE4DDBC6F7567701" authorityName="Real & Balachowsky" authorityYear="1966" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oecophyllembiinae">Oecophyllembiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FE11ECEB1FCB05B944CA3FA36A0306" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Marmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marmara arbutiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbutiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="39C1D8AFC102A380B24868BE1971C1C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Marmara arbutiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Busck, [1904] (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E3892880E0E4F7CBA782C25C2E005C" authorityName="Kawahara & Ohshima" authorityYear="2017" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Marmarinae">Marmarinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were used as outgroups. Bold indicates species/lineages that use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B526953230F20416D0F1BEE34A186FD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C7248D96D1B29FF040CAA21C038FD8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species as host plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2EB0D751FE97B5D0FA235E886B8B4F2A" ID-Table-UUID="2EB0D751FE97B5D0FA235E886B8B4F2A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2EB0D751FE97B5D0FA235E886B8B4F2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4E2F2489BB3E4F99BFEBCE50B0D69F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="D358BCAF51C165535DE68EC37E9E779B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Mean genetic distance (minimum - maximum) based on COI sequences using Kimura-2 parameters method for distinct phylogenetic arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D27549352587082A15C7800D76B61F49" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAD3BE64E11E12663CADEB94E000F1CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, with special reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C97E6132758D1AF5D8A72A683314028D" authorityName="Vargas & Cerdena" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis furcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="453F9BC1B0B478F4252E6E46C87A53CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. N, number of specimens used in the dataset.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="86D186C073F4B39DAB13AFE861104AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<table id="46576BB5EBE3883B25CAC8EB4179EED5" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<tr id="314416EAEAAA627AD27F0EDFA36E5F55" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<th id="20B942DAA3CFB8CF3101EB3C0C431C4B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">Group</th>
|
||
<th id="418916BC93054598EF2CF563CB4B8191" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
||
<th id="3A925D172528663D210604933E6CECFB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">Mean (minimum - maximum)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AC44DFD97B4DA973A6B3ABE2148EFE01" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<td id="EF998E3EF48A06736A58FD336B46FAAA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">
|
||
All named species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C0257B2DDA1411149F1A02079ABD6E9" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C935CD37382596D2CDE363D4154172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1A294537BB01DD447A292C4751E758CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">35</td>
|
||
<td id="E7AB2C6F4212B4907C95844097538BAB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">15.4% (3.3-22.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0F69434ABE638CEF2429EFB16C5D1F1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<td id="D8D60B77EECC1B07E8E21013334E89DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">
|
||
Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79FFF480175E044EE64F607F8A0237B8" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C4A78387E57022955F04DB288D71EFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described + undescribed species)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="4861D5B7D5BB385BE1AF74EA448BEF37" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">29</td>
|
||
<td id="6727F2EEA69DD89C0D4C6B9B7CF6C96D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">15.3% (8.9-21.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B72CB5852F0CF0AB1C9C124BE9274419" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<td id="F21EA3119FB7C63E5179E2B6490D586E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="164CB455C87E560876BB6C4F5B9EEFE7" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87B9DA3D27D6B20A65E0B2CACA5D9CBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39BED7C90DE84E2FC1543A6A1BEAB62D" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C91FF0F57044F76BE1A7E71AF48BFE12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="555A877F2079BAB04A16608C53214083" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">29</td>
|
||
<td id="0DA73C20F1F7C6D78E615B62501C6535" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">14.8% (11.9-18.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351B6F163BB898896B80EE10F501A589" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<td id="F9EC4C20ADD3AC5BD8BDDE9FC96E0DAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5819AB25071709D3B90F233C736346AA" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADB066399846E59A54EEBDA3D4DBA1D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54C64E667D686A2FCDD49B4A770BBEC5" lsidName="P. ourea" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="ourea">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA47B8314781B930CC7500E965B4012F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. ourea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3091D9EF946BBCD03A9E2A1B2CC6A161" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td id="F662FC0E6FB92024A86D4923BC1CDFF1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">11.9%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="19994E349EEDD445869D83A19D640D83" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<td id="C6916871EC16CDE322463FFC9D35A4A1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E3C5E51C4B797EA9A99C477F0B49EB" lsidName="P. furcata" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="furcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D01B8A206B83492B9CB68D219A96D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">P. furcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B354C023383B99B811E61013B7BF8A09" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllocnistis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92B1073E002E50B7DB187ED65CF4A99A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 12
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C0303B297D1A4C61B848AECFB80D9C5F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td id="F9E358F850D7596A066C5588969C6088" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rowspan="1">14.7%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |