310 lines
37 KiB
XML
310 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="7A255CEC4AA8103AB489C1743BCFD6E8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37cf6488-091a-40ce-ae0a-2e251f6254ea" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236731" ID-ZooBank="C1698260-269E-4D15-A562-D8FF46751F7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461188715890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2015" docId="3D10878AFF93B44010905850FA473DFD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03972p392.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3972 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Perarella clavata Jaderholm 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="380" masterDocId="C129FFF2FF9AB44B10075D3EFFD13F0D" masterDocTitle="Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="369" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1698600324260" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A6D6E8523D9250B97F36DBB5B7A3E340" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="001A0F6F3259E2F422CC11A10754B2A6">
|
||
<mods:title id="F0812DE8BD260B80C8E9934C368BBB20">Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="968AC37FE44AA381521E33400A538651" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BAD55A0702C516B6CFDBA8DBECE1EA1C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="944F4F98E85E66632017933A77FC7A2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="51C3191AD5CD470B6ED3B0E96A39755D">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2376339C88AE7B3318AF46DD7C480240">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6ABEA503883EE193C926BF7B1D04E692" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C8B99F0A490C4979B63F20B4940F0529">
|
||
<mods:title id="009091A48B2E043D8AAD16626C25D697">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="04F1BC238B9E5709E6BAF48C4F6CC0D1">
|
||
<mods:date id="13A716D43ECC64575F79432BB16AAA59">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="757D40E5CF8DE0E58B141B94BB7865D3" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="53D6F8B30AF7EC0BF836DDB5F1C89B05">3972</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="189C86F836C7AFA2E5E389A9F05BA2A6" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="F8846F600D6BFFF13043586F707D6279">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9AB5AB793FD110542E2E04BC80AC9798" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4C57AF1AEA80758E2A7F933179F524F7">369</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="D19F77A5E0B61AF6BB794F6BC72AEC7A">392</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B14FF1C08D7E83EF79CA21C2038E711F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CAD113717001AF647FF857AB4FC60125" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="225322B4E5843734AA3776FDFD306F2B" type="GBIF-Dataset">37cf6488-091a-40ce-ae0a-2e251f6254ea</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1191C2FB08D0D1C7C603BAA8D90171B0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="77378E27EC04302EBFF6659771B0986F" type="Zenodo-Dep">236731</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="120A2FED56FC4F9765B62EBDAA9F677B" type="ZooBank">C1698260-269E-4D15-A562-D8FF46751F7F</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3D10878AFF93B44010905850FA473DFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671796" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119628997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5671796" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D10878AFF93B44010905850FA473DFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D10878AFF93B44010905850FA473DFD" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF93B44210905850FEF13AA7" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210905850FD9E3A85" blockId="9.[151,591,1390,1450]" box="[151,591,1390,1416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<heading id="EE4E81F0FF93B44210905850FD9E3A85" bold="true" box="[151,591,1390,1416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF93B44210905850FD9E3A85" ID-CoL="76RNY" authority="Jaderholm, 1905" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,591,1390,1416]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905850FD9E3A85" bold="true" box="[151,591,1390,1416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905850FEB53A85" bold="true" box="[151,356,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44211745850FD963A85" author="Jaderholm" box="[371,583,1390,1416]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B442109058AFFEF13AA7" blockId="9.[151,591,1390,1450]" box="[151,288,1425,1450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF93B442109858AFFF303AA7" box="[159,225,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Perarella clavata (Jäderholm, 1905): A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF93B442109058ECFCB0396E" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B442109058ECFD19390A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1490,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF93B442109058ECFD19390A" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF93B442109058ECFDFC3AE5" authority="Jaderholm, 1905: 5" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,557,1490,1512]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B442109058ECFEB23AE5" box="[151,355,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Hydractinia clavata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B442116D58ECFDFC3AE5" author="Jaderholm" box="[362,557,1490,1512]" page="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B442116D58ECFDC63AE5" author="Jaderholm" box="[362,535,1490,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–6, pl. 3 figs 6–8;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44212EC58ECFC193AE5" author="Stepanjants" box="[747,968,1490,1512]" page="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44212EC58ECFC733AE5" author="Stepanjants" box="[747,930,1490,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1 fig. 9;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B442144B58ECFAC73AE5" author="Blanco" box="[1100,1302,1490,1512]" page="152" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B442144B58ECFB323AE5" author="Blanco" box="[1100,1251,1490,1512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1994 a) Claves de familias y generos para facilitar el reconocimiento de los Hydroida (Leptolina) Athecata, Thecata y Limnomedusae Argentinos (generacion polipoide exclusivamente). Revista del Museo de La Plata, Zoologia, 14 (160), 147 - 179." type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="a">Blanco, 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 152
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1994b: 184;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44210C058CCFE15390A" author="Pena" box="[199,452,1521,1543]" page="768" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44210C058CCFE43390A" author="Pena" box="[199,402,1521,1543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2004) How rich is the deep-sea Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna? Polar Biology, 27, 767 - 774. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0654 - 9" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 768
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44211C958CFFD15390A" author="Stampar" box="[462,708,1521,1543]" page="58" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44211C958CFFD4F390A" author="Stampar" box="[462,670,1521,1543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. & Morandini, A. C. (2006) Description and life cycle of the hydrozoan Hydractinia uniformis sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydractiniidae), from the coast of southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 1200, 43 - 60." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Stampar
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B442122E58CCFD84390A" box="[553,597,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 58
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210905B2EFCF6392B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1490,1635]" box="[151,807,1552,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF93B44210905B2EFCF6392B" box="[151,807,1552,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF93B44210905B2EFE83392B" box="[151,338,1552,1574]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Stylactella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905B2EFE83392B" box="[151,338,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Stylactella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B442116B5B2EFDE7392B" author="Stechow" box="[364,566,1552,1574]" page="401" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B442116B5B2EFDD2392B" author="Stechow" box="[364,515,1552,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse de Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 401
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44212475B2FFD21392B" author="Iwasa" box="[576,752,1552,1574]" page="262" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44212475B2FFD6F392B" author="Iwasa" box="[576,702,1552,1574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Iwasa, M. (1934) Revision of Stylactis and its allied genera, with description of Stylactella (Stylactis) yerii n. sp. Journal for the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University, 2, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1934">Iwasa, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 262
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 269.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210905B11FD893949" blockId="9.[151,1436,1490,1635]" box="[151,600,1582,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF93B44210905B11FD893949" box="[151,600,1582,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF93B44210905B11FEE53949" box="[151,308,1582,1604]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Cytaeis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905B11FEE53949" box="[151,308,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Cytaeis clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44211495B10FD823949" author="Bouillon" box="[334,595,1582,1605]" page="145" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44211495B10FDF03949" author="Bouillon" box="[334,545,1582,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44211AB5B0EFE093949" box="[428,472,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 145
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210905B73FCB0396E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1490,1635]" box="[151,865,1613,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF93B44210905B73FCB0396E" box="[151,865,1613,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF93B44210905B73FE99396E" ID-CoL="76RNY" box="[151,328,1613,1635]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905B73FE99396E" box="[151,328,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44211645B70FDD9396E" author="Rees" box="[355,520,1613,1635]" page="394" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44211645B70FE07396E" author="Rees" box="[355,470,1613,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Rees, W. J. (1962) Hydroids of the family Cytaeidae L. Agassiz, 1862. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 8, 381 - 400." type="journal article" year="1962">Rees, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 394
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF93B44212675B70FC8C396E" author="Pena" box="[608,861,1613,1635]" page="453" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44212675B70FCFA396E" author="Pena" box="[608,811,1613,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 453
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF93B44210905BB1FE2D39FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210905BB1FE2D39FD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1679,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210905BB1FE5139A5" bold="true" box="[151,384,1679,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF93B44211815BAEFE3F39AA" box="[390,494,1680,1703]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44211815BAEFE3F39AA" box="[390,494,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Antarctic</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
Swedish South Polar Expedition.
|
||
<date id="C107105CFF93B442136B5BAEFC1C39A5" box="[876,973,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" value="1901" valueMax="1903">1901-03</date>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF93B44213D05BAEFBDE39A5" box="[983,1039,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
(SMNH—7946), Stn 8,
|
||
<date id="C107105CFF93B44215265BAEFA4639A5" box="[1313,1431,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" value="1902-02-11">11.II.1902</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D08D505BFF93B44210905B8AFF2439C0" box="[151,245,1716,1741]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-64.05">64°03’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D08D505BFF93B44211055B8AFEB839C0" box="[258,361,1716,1741]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-56.616665">56°37’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(Erebus and Terror Gulf, Graham Region),
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF93B442135D5B8AFC7539C1" box="[858,932,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</quantity>
|
||
, soft clay, colony with numerous polyps and gonophores, on gastropod shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF93B44110C05BC2FD093FF5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF93B44210C05BC2FD4838E0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1679,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF93B44210C05BC2FE883818" bold="true" box="[199,345,1788,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Stolonal colony growing on gastropod shell. Hydrorhiza consisting of a mesh of anastomosing tubes of perisarc, not covered by a coenosarc layer. With gastrozooids and gonophores. Neither spines nor dactylozooids. Gastrozooids relatively large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF93B44212A85A7AFD293850" box="[687,760,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Perarella clavata (Jäderholm, 1905): A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A) [
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF93B442132D5A7AFC403851" box="[810,913,1860,1885]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF93B44214135A7AFB603851" box="[1044,1201,1860,1884]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3 to 1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF93B44210905A59FEBB388D" author="Jaderholm" box="[151,362,1895,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], with conical hypostome and a distal crown of 15–17 filiform tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF93B44215045A59FA9F388D" box="[1283,1358,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Perarella clavata (Jäderholm, 1905): A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Gonozooids absent; gonophores directly arising from hydrorhiza, club-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF93B442142A5AB2FBA238A8" box="[1069,1139,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Perarella clavata (Jäderholm, 1905): A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C), about
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF93B44214EE5AB2FAFC38A9" box="[1257,1325,1932,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF93B44210905A8EFEED38C5" box="[151,316,1968,1993]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Both gastrozooids and gonophores with a short, basal cup of perisarc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF93B44214B25A8EFB2838C4" box="[1205,1273,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,301,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Perarella clavata (Jäderholm, 1905): A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="378">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). Female gonophores with a very large number of eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF90B44110C05DA6FD093FF5" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Measurements (in µm).
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF90B44111D15DA9FDEA3FBD" box="[470,571,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">Cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
: microbasic mastigophore [range 8.0–9.5 x 3.5–4.5, mean 9.2±0.5 x 4.2±0.3 (n=10); ratio, range 2.0–2.4, mean 2.2±0.1 (n=10)], desmonemes [range 5.5–6.5 x 3.5–4.5, mean 6.1±0.3 x 4.2±0.3 (n=10); ratio, range 1.3–1.6, mean 1.5±0.1 (n=10)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E1C66614FF90B44110905A54FC363893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236737/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" targetBox="[164,1419,309,1865]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF90B44110905A54FC363893" blockId="10.[151,1435,1898,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF90B44110905A54FEC53872" bold="true" box="[151,276,1898,1920]" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF90B441111C5A54FD45388D" authority="Jaderholm, 1905" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1905" box="[283,660,1898,1920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="379" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF90B441111C5A54FE1F388D" box="[283,462,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="379">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
(Jäderholm, 1905)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, polyp showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow); B, distal part of polyp; C, female gonophore showing basal cup of perisarc (arrow). Scale bar: 500 µm (A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF91B44010C05DA9FB0C3DA5" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF91B44010C05DA9FE8E3E4D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44010C05DA9FEEA3FBD" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44011435DA6FD4B3FBD" author="Rees" box="[324,666,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Rees, W. J. (1962) Hydroids of the family Cytaeidae L. Agassiz, 1862. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 8, 381 - 400." type="journal article" year="1962">Rees (1962: 394–395, fig. 11)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also provided a description of the species after examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF91B440156B5DA6FA4D3FBD" box="[1388,1436,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44011065D82FE143FD8" box="[257,453,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44011065D82FE143FD8" box="[257,453,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a morphologically well-characterized species, with gonophores arising directly from the hydrorhiza. The only missing relevant information concerned the cnidome. I have tried to fill this gap with the reevaluation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF91B44011765C3BFE703E10" box="[369,417,261,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. The presence of a basal perisarc cup also supports that this species belong to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44010E05C19FE8B3E4D" box="[231,346,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cytaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF91B44010C05C73FE493D30" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44010C05C73FE963E68" author="Rees" box="[199,327,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Rees, W. J. (1956) On three northern species of Hydractinia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 3, 351 - 362." type="journal article" year="1956">Rees (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44011545C72FE5D3E68" author="Rees" box="[339,396,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Rees, W. J. (1962) Hydroids of the family Cytaeidae L. Agassiz, 1862. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 8, 381 - 400." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) re-established the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44012AB5C72FCC73E68" box="[684,790,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44012AB5C72FCC73E68" box="[684,790,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for species with fixed sporosacs or degenerated medusae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44010905C51FE573E85" author="Bouillon" box="[151,390,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Bouillon, J., Medel, M. D., Pages, F., Gili, J. M., Boero, B. & Gravili, C. (2004) Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 2), 1 - 448. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 25" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44011065C4FFEE23E85" box="[257,307,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44011945C51FE1E3E85" author="Bouillon" box="[403,463,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), following the idea that genera should not be delimited based exclusively on medusa reduction, considered, however, this genus congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B440133E5CABFC5C3EA1" box="[825,909,405,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Cytaeis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B440133E5CABFC5C3EA1" box="[825,909,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Cytaeis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B440143D5CAAFB2D3EA1" author="Schuchert" box="[1082,1276,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that this approach is valid in cases where a hydroid can be attributed unambiguously to a certain family, but not in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44010E95CE2FE893EF8" box="[238,344,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44010E95CE2FE893EF8" box="[238,344,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which could even belong to the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44013305CE2FC233EF8" box="[823,1010,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Bougainvilliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B440141E5CE2FB413EF8" box="[1049,1168,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pandeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He concluded that it is advisable to retain the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44011DB5CC1FD973D15" box="[476,582,511,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44011DB5CC1FD973D15" box="[476,582,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until its affinities are clearly revealed by molecular phylogenetic analyses. I agree with his opinion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF91B44010C05F79FB0C3DA5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44010C05F79FE273D6D" bold="true" box="[199,502,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44011FA5F79FD133D6D" box="[509,706,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44011FA5F79FD133D6D" box="[509,706,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF91B440144F5F76FB5E3D52" box="[1096,1167,584,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44014995F76FAA63D6D" author="Pena" box="[1182,1399,584,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF91B44010905F52FF0C3D89" box="[151,221,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44010EC5F52FE723D88" author="Jaderholm" box="[235,419,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), epibiotic on gastropod shells (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44013005F52FC143D89" box="[775,965,620,644]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlespiridae" genus="Aforia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44013005F52FC143D89" box="[775,965,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Aforia magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44013DB5F52FB453D88" author="Jaderholm" box="[988,1172,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44014A75F53FAA83D89" author="Pena" box="[1184,1401,620,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been found with gonophores in January (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B440128B5FAEFCB43DA5" author="Pena" box="[652,869,656,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and February (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44014115FB1FB013DA5" author="Jaderholm" box="[1046,1232,655,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF91B44010C05F8AFA473DFD" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF91B44010C05F8AFA473DFD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44010C05F8AFE5A3DC0" ID-CoL="76RNY" box="[199,395,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cytaeididae" genus="Perarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF91B44010C05F8AFE5A3DC0" box="[199,395,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Perarella clavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to West
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF91B44012685F8AFD363DC0" box="[623,743,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Gravelya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF91B44012685F8AFD363DC0" box="[623,743,692,717]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being only known from the Erebus and Terror Gulf, Graham Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44010D85FE9FE443DFD" author="Jaderholm" box="[223,405,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1905) Hydroiden aus antarktischen und subantarktischen Meeren, gesammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolarexpedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 5 (8), 1 - 41, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1905">Jäderholm 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and off the south of Livingston
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF91B44013005FE9FC9F3DFD" box="[775,846,727,752]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF91B44013E05FE9FB4E3DFD" box="[999,1183,727,752]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="380">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF91B44014A95FE6FA5B3DFD" author="Pena" box="[1198,1418,728,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="380" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2008) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Spanish Antarctic expedition Bentart 95. Polar Biology, 31, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 007 - 0371 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Peña Cantero 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |