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<mods:title id="790C93DE8D401FB4DA5583B0FB290573">Two new species of Siconema (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) parasitic in earthworms in Vietnam, and systematic relationships as inferred from ribosomal sequence data</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FD51C4D674CD" blockId="9.[151,664,655,681]" box="[151,664,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119DD6FD51C4D674CD" bold="true" box="[151,664,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
Key to females of the species of
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119F60FD51C4D674CD" box="[545,664,655,681]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119F60FD51C4D674CD" bold="true" box="[545,664,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Siconema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FD08C3D2748F" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,726,747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FD08C3D2748F" box="[151,1436,726,747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">1 Swelling at posterior followed by long, thin, conical part of tail (caudal organs distanced from tail extremity)............. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FD2AC3D2756D" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,756,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FD2AC3D2756D" box="[151,1436,756,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Swelling at posterior followed by broadly conical part or short spike (caudal organs situated closely to tail extremity)..... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FCCFC3D27527" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FCCFC3D27542" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,785,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FCCFC3D27542" box="[151,1436,785,806]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">2 Head hook blades widely spaced......................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FCF0C3D27527" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,814,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FCF0C3D27527" box="[151,1436,814,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Head hook blades situated closely to each other.............................................................. 4</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FC92C3D275FF" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC92C3D2751A" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC92C3D2751A" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<specimenCount id="A3AFFD5EFFCBB6119DD6FC92C75F7505" box="[151,273,844,865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="egg">3 Eggs</specimenCount>
prolate-ovoid, not protruding on poles, av.
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119FF0FC92C4957505" box="[689,731,844,865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1970-10">70 x</date>
32 µm in size, stoma reduced...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119EADFCB7C3D2751A" authority="Yeates &amp; Spiridonov, 1996" authorityName="Yeates &amp; Spiridonov" authorityYear="1996" box="[1004,1436,873,894]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="neozelandicum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119EADFCB7C2DA751A" box="[1004,1172,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. neozelandicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199D8FCB7C3D2751A" author="Yeates" box="[1177,1436,873,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Yeates, G. W. &amp; Spiridonov, S. E. (1996) New nematodes of the families Drilonematidae, Ungellidae, and Mesidionematidae from New Zealand megascolecid earthworms. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 23, 381 - 399." type="journal article" year="1996">Yeates &amp; Spiridonov, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC58C3D275FF" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,902,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC58C3D275FF" box="[151,1436,902,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Eggs with knobs on both poles,
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F52FC58C41575FF" box="[531,603,902,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1958-10-26">58 x 26</date>
µm in size, stoma a protruding tube 2 µm high.............
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119981FC58C32E75FF" box="[1216,1376,902,923]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diducuncinum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119981FC58C32E75FF" box="[1216,1376,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. diducuncinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119827FC58C3D275FF" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,902,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CEE57BEFFCBB6119827FC58C3D275FF" box="[1382,1436,902,923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FC7AC3D575B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC7AC3D575DD" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,932,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC7AC3D575DD" box="[151,1435,932,953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">4 Ovary convoluted.....................................................................................5</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC1FC3D575B2" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,961,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC1FC3D575B2" box="[151,1435,961,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Ovary straight........................................................................................6</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FC00C3D57275" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC00C3D27597" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,990,1011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC00C3D27597" box="[151,1436,990,1011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
5 Body
<quantity id="72519B32FFCBB6119C5BFC00C7357597" box="[282,379,990,1011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.0">12.8 mm</quantity>
long, slim except of swelling, eggshells thick with double corona and no caps.....
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB61199F1FC00C3D27597" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1200,1436,990,1011]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="siamense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB61199F1FC00C36E7597" box="[1200,1312,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. siamense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB6119867FC00C3D27597" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,990,1011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FC22C3D57275" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1020,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FC22C3D57275" box="[151,1435,1020,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Body 370750 µm long, bloated, eggshells with single cup.....................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119956FC22C3D57275" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova, 1998" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova" authorityYear="1998" box="[1047,1435,1020,1041]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="baviense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119956FC22C2CD7275" box="[1047,1155,1020,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. baviense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199C8FC22C3D57275" author="Spiridonov" box="[1161,1435,1020,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Ivanova, E. S. (1998) Parasitic nematodes of tropical megascolecid earthworm Pheretima leucocirca from Ba Vi National Park in Viet Nam. Ve s t n i k zoologii, 32 (1 - 2), 40 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FBC7C3D2720D" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FBC7C3D2722F" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FBC7C3D2722F" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<specimenCount id="A3AFFD5EFFCBB6119DD6FBC7C75F724A" box="[151,273,1049,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="egg">6 Eggs</specimenCount>
52
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119C7FFBC7C71B724A" box="[318,341,1049,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1953-10-31">53</date>
x 3133 µm in size, eggshells longitudinally wrinkled, margin of only pole marked by groove, caudal organs covered by hairs 30 µm long..........................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119EB2FBE8C3D2722F" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova" authorityYear="1986" box="[1011,1436,1078,1099]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lignophilae">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119EB2FBE8C236722F" box="[1011,1144,1078,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. lignophilae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB611993EFBE8C3D2722F" author="Spiridonov" box="[1151,1436,1078,1099]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Danilova, L. K. (1986) [Nematodes from the coelomic cavity of Vietnamese earthworms: new species of the genus Siconema Timm, 1966 and Synoecnema Magalhaes, 1905 and redescription of Synoecnema anseriforme Timm, 1959]. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispitatelei prirody. Otdelenie biologii, 91 (6), 58 - 66" type="journal article" year="1986">Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FB8AC3D2720D" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1108,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FB8AC3D2720D" box="[151,1436,1108,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Caudal organs not covered by hairs, eggs of different size and coat pattern........................................ 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FBAFC3D572C7" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FBAFC3D272E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1137,1158]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FBAFC3D272E2" box="[151,1436,1137,1158]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">7 Body dramatically narrowing just posterior to caudal organs.................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FB50C3D572C7" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1166,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FB50C3D572C7" box="[151,1435,1166,1187]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Body gradually tapers posterior to caudal organs............................................................ 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FB72C3D572BA" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FB72C3D272A5" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1196,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FB72C3D272A5" box="[151,1436,1196,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
8 Body
<quantity id="72519B32FFCBB6119C5BFB72C72D72A5" box="[282,355,1196,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long or shorter............................................................................ 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FB17C3D572BA" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1225,1246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FB17C3D572BA" box="[151,1435,1225,1246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Body
<quantity id="72519B32FFCBB6119C5BFB17C72D72BA" box="[282,355,1225,1246]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
or longer................................................................................ 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FB38C3D57337" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FB38C3D5737D" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FB38C3D5737D" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
9 Body 580790 mµ long, caudal organs
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119F1AFB38C43F729F" box="[603,625,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">ca</emphasis>
.
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F3CFB38C48B729F" box="[637,709,1254,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1945-10-30">45 x 30</date>
µm in size, hooks 7
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119ED2FB38C5D0729F" box="[915,926,1254,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">8</date>
x 56 µm, pharynx 9214 µm long, eggs moderately tuberculate with two tuberculate caps.....................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119944FADAC3D5737D" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova, 1998" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova" authorityYear="1998" box="[1029,1435,1284,1305]" class="Chromadorea" family="Homungellidae" genus="Homungella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tonkinense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119944FADAC2CA737D" box="[1029,1156,1284,1305]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. tonkinense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199C8FADAC3D5737D" author="Spiridonov" box="[1161,1435,1284,1305]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Ivanova, E. S. (1998) Parasitic nematodes of tropical megascolecid earthworm Pheretima leucocirca from Ba Vi National Park in Viet Nam. Ve s t n i k zoologii, 32 (1 - 2), 40 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Spiridonov &amp; Ivanova, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FAFFC3D57337" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FAFFC3D57337" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Body 6901230 µm long, caudal organs 42
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119FDEFAFFC4F97352" box="[671,695,1313,1334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1972-10-28">72</date>
x 2842 µm in size, hooks 10
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119EBDFAFFC25F7352" box="[1020,1041,1313,1334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="2011-10-06" valueMax="2011-10-08" valueMin="2011-10-06">11</date>
x 68 µm, pharynx 135150 µm long, eggshells moderately mamillate with two tuberculate caps..................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119EA8FAE0C3D57337" authority="Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 1997" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc" authorityYear="1997" box="[1001,1435,1342,1363]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hatayense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119EA8FAE0C22F7337" box="[1001,1121,1342,1363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. hatayense</emphasis>
Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FA82C3D273CF" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FA82C3D273EA" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FA82C3D273EA" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
10 Body 18002400 µm long, eggshells av.
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F2BFA82C4DA7315" box="[618,660,1372,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1970-10">70 x</date>
40 µm in size and 67 µm thick with rod-like ornamentation............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB61199C5FAA7C3D273EA" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1156,1436,1401,1422]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ovicoronatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB61199C5FAA7C36E73EA" box="[1156,1312,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. ovicoronatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB6119867FAA7C3D273EA" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,1401,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FA48C3D273CF" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1430,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FA48C3D273CF" box="[151,1436,1430,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Body
<quantity id="72519B32FFCBB6119C5BFA48C7C073CF" box="[282,398,1430,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.3">2.33.2 mm</quantity>
long, eggshells 54
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F0FFA48C42B73CF" box="[590,613,1430,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1973-10-29">73</date>
x 2932 µm and 5 µm thick, with two polar caps..........
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB61199FFFA48C3D273CF" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1214,1436,1430,1451]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB61199FFFA48C36E73CF" box="[1214,1312,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. sinense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB6119867FA48C3D273CF" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,1430,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FA6AC3D57382" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FA6AC3D273AD" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1460,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FA6AC3D273AD" box="[151,1436,1460,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
11 Eggshells lemon-shaped, smooth,
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F68FA6AC43F73AD" box="[553,625,1460,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1950-10-28">50 x 28</date>
µm in size...................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB61199CAFA6AC3D273AD" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1163,1436,1460,1481]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="limonovatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB61199CAFA6AC36E73AD" box="[1163,1312,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. limonovatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB6119867FA6AC3D273AD" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,1460,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FA0FC3D57382" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1489,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FA0FC3D57382" box="[151,1435,1489,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Eggshells ovoid, ornamented........................................................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6FA30C3D2703F" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6FA30C3D27045" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6FA30C3D27045" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
12 Eggshells 52
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119C28FA30C7CE7067" box="[361,384,1518,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1955-10-27" valueMax="1955-10-30" valueMin="1955-10-27">55</date>
x 2730 µm in size, surface papillate, single cap bearing ring-shaped structures, caudal organs 150 x 100 µm.......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119974F9D2C3D27045" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova" authorityYear="1986" box="[1077,1436,1548,1569]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bahli">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119974F9D2C2367045" box="[1077,1144,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S bahli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB611993EF9D2C3D27045" author="Spiridonov" box="[1151,1436,1548,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Danilova, L. K. (1986) [Nematodes from the coelomic cavity of Vietnamese earthworms: new species of the genus Siconema Timm, 1966 and Synoecnema Magalhaes, 1905 and redescription of Synoecnema anseriforme Timm, 1959]. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispitatelei prirody. Otdelenie biologii, 91 (6), 58 - 66" type="journal article" year="1986">Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F9F7C3D2703F" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F9F7C3D2703F" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Eggshells 50
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119C29F9F7C7CE705A" box="[360,384,1577,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1956-10-27">56</date>
x 2732 µm in size, surface cristate (covered by ridges), single cap tuberculate, caudal organs 100
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119879F9F7C32F705A" box="[1336,1377,1577,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1980-10">x 80</date>
µm...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119EB3F998C3D2703F" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova" authorityYear="1986" box="[1010,1436,1606,1627]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annamense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119EB3F998C237703F" box="[1010,1145,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. annamense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB611993EF998C3D2703F" author="Spiridonov" box="[1151,1436,1606,1627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Danilova, L. K. (1986) [Nematodes from the coelomic cavity of Vietnamese earthworms: new species of the genus Siconema Timm, 1966 and Synoecnema Magalhaes, 1905 and redescription of Synoecnema anseriforme Timm, 1959]. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispitatelei prirody. Otdelenie biologii, 91 (6), 58 - 66" type="journal article" year="1986">Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6F9BAC3D270F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F9BAC3D2701D" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1636,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F9BAC3D2701D" box="[151,1436,1636,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">13 Caudal organs broadly elliptical or circular................................................................ 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F95FC3D270F2" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1665,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F95FC3D270F2" box="[151,1436,1665,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Caudal organ narrowly elliptical........................................................................ 24</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6F940C3D270B5" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F940C3D270D7" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1694,1715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F940C3D270D7" box="[151,1436,1694,1715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">14 Ovary tip at mid-body or at vulva........................................................................ 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F962C3D270B5" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1724,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F962C3D270B5" box="[151,1436,1724,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Ovary tip in post-vulval region or near tail extremity......................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6F907C3D2714D" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F907C3D2708A" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1753,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F907C3D2708A" box="[151,1436,1753,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
15 Body 7601340 µm long, eggshells 57
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F20F907C437708A" box="[609,633,1753,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1962-10-31">62</date>
x 3135 µm in size, strongly echinate, no caps....
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119934F907C3D2708A" authority="Spiridonov, 1993" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1141,1436,1753,1774]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aculeatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119934F907C2BF708A" box="[1141,1265,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. aculeatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199B6F907C3D2708A" author="Spiridonov" box="[1271,1436,1753,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. (1993) Nematodes of the family Ungellidae Chitwood, 1950 from Laotian earthworms. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1 (1), 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Spiridonov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F928C3D2714D" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F928C3D2714D" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
- Body 17002380 µm long, eggshells 62
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119F2CF928C4CA716F" box="[621,644,1782,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1968-10-23" valueMax="1968-10-25" valueMin="1968-10-23">68</date>
x 2325 µm in size, finely mamillate with two polar knobs...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119915F8CAC3D2714D" authority="Spiridonov, 1993" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1108,1436,1812,1833]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aequicrassum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119915F8CAC2BF714D" box="[1108,1265,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. aequicrassum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199B6F8CAC3D2714D" author="Spiridonov" box="[1271,1436,1812,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. (1993) Nematodes of the family Ungellidae Chitwood, 1950 from Laotian earthworms. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1 (1), 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Spiridonov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6F8EFC3D57107" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F8EFC3D57122" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1841,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F8EFC3D57122" box="[151,1435,1841,1862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">16 Ovary tip in post-vulval region.......................................................................... 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F890C3D57107" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1435,1870,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F890C3D57107" box="[151,1435,1870,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Ovary tip near tail extremity............................................................................ 23</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6119DD6F8B2C3D271DF" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F8B2C3D271FA" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F8B2C3D271FA" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
17 Anus and rectum well developed, hooks displaced ventrally, eggshells 45
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119EF2F8B2C58571E5" box="[947,971,1900,1921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1952-10-20" valueMax="1952-10-25" valueMin="1952-10-20">52</date>
x 2025 µm in size, thinly mamillate, with two knob-like caps, occasionally one of the caudal organs reduced lacking spongy tissue....
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119900F857C3D271FA" authority="Spiridonov, 1993" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1089,1436,1929,1950]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequicrassum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119900F857C2BF71FA" box="[1089,1265,1929,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. inaequicrassum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFCBB61199B6F857C3D271FA" author="Spiridonov" box="[1271,1436,1929,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. (1993) Nematodes of the family Ungellidae Chitwood, 1950 from Laotian earthworms. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1 (1), 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Spiridonov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F878C3D271DF" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" box="[151,1436,1958,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F878C3D271DF" box="[151,1436,1958,1979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">- Anus and rectum poorly developed or absent, hooks displaced dorsally or apical, eggs of different size and coat pattern... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFCBB6129DD6F81AC3D576C8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFCBB6119DD6F81AC3D27192" blockId="9.[151,1437,726,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFCBB6119DD6F81AC3D27192" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
18 Hook blades fused on nearly whole length, eggshells 61
<date id="C1171017FFCBB6119E4BF81AC56D71BD" box="[778,803,1988,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" value="1962-10-28" valueMax="1962-10-30" valueMin="1962-10-28">62</date>
x 2830 µm in size with widely set acute pyramid-shaped spikes and two tuberculate caps.................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFCBB6119E21F83FC3D27192" authority="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 2007" authorityName="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc" authorityYear="2007" box="[864,1436,2017,2038]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ovispicatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFCBB6119E21F83FC5A27192" box="[864,1004,2017,2038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">S. ovispicatum</emphasis>
Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 2007
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FF49C3D576C8" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FF49C3D576C8" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">- Hook blades separated................................................................................. 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FF6BC3D57683" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FF6BC3D576AE" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1435,181,202]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FF6BC3D576AE" box="[151,1435,181,202]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">19 Eggshells with polar differentiation...................................................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FF0CC3D57683" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1435,210,231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FF0CC3D57683" box="[151,1435,210,231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">- Eggshells without polar differentiation.................................................................... 21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FF31C3D57738" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FF31C3D27746" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FF31C3D27746" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
20 Eggshells 46
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129C29FF31C7CE7760" box="[360,384,239,260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1949-10-24" valueMax="1949-10-26" valueMin="1949-10-24">49</date>
x 2426 µm in size, echinate, with a single, poorly differentiated cap.................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B6129EB9FED3C3D27746" authority="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986" authorityName="Spiridonov &amp; Danilova" authorityYear="1986" box="[1016,1436,269,290]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="duplicoeca">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129EB9FED3C2377746" box="[1016,1145,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. duplicoeca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B612993EFED3C3D27746" author="Spiridonov" box="[1151,1436,269,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. &amp; Danilova, L. K. (1986) [Nematodes from the coelomic cavity of Vietnamese earthworms: new species of the genus Siconema Timm, 1966 and Synoecnema Magalhaes, 1905 and redescription of Synoecnema anseriforme Timm, 1959]. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispitatelei prirody. Otdelenie biologii, 91 (6), 58 - 66" type="journal article" year="1986">Spiridonov &amp; Danilova, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FEF4C3D57738" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FEF4C3D57738" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
- Eggshells heavily mammilate, 56
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129F6CFEF4C40A775B" box="[557,580,298,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1959-10-31">59</date>
x 3136 µm in size, with 2 convex, tuberculate caps..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B6129E8BFE96C3D57738" authority="Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 1997" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc" authorityYear="1997" box="[970,1435,327,349]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laticaudatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129E8BFE96C22F7739" box="[970,1121,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. laticaudatum</emphasis>
Ivanova &amp; Pham Van Luc, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FEBBC3D277D0" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FEBBC3D277F3" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FEBBC3D277F3" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
21 Eggshells 5 µm thick, with irregular hexagonal pattern and no polar differentiation, caudal organs 105
<date id="C1171017FFC8B61299F8FEBBC2AD771E" box="[1209,1251,357,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1974-10">x 74</date>
µm in size.....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299D5FE5CC3D277F3" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1172,1436,386,407]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ovicostatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299D5FE5CC36E77F3" box="[1172,1312,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. ovicostatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FE5CC3D277F3" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,386,407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FE41C3D277D0" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1436,415,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FE41C3D277D0" box="[151,1436,415,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">- Eggshells thinner, with different ornamentation and polar differentiation, caudal organs of different size................ 22</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FE63C3D2744E" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FE63C3D2778B" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FE63C3D2778B" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
22 Eggshells narrowly elliptical (52
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129F67FE63C47077B6" box="[550,574,445,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1964-10-19" valueMax="1964-10-23" valueMin="1964-10-19">64</date>
x 1923 µm in size), moderately mamillate, caudal organs
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129939FE63C2EC77B6" box="[1144,1186,445,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1980-10">80 x</date>
38 µm in size....................................................................................... ..
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299D9FE04C3D2778B" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1176,1436,474,495]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="saccaturum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299D9FE04C36E778B" box="[1176,1312,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. saccaturum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FE04C3D2778B" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,474,495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FE29C3D2744E" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FE29C3D2744E" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
- Eggshells av.
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129C24FE29C7E37468" box="[357,429,503,524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1954-10-20">54 x 20</date>
µm in size, narrowly rounded at ends, finely punctated, caudal organs
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129915FE29C2307468" box="[1108,1150,503,524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1964-10">64 x</date>
44 µm in size.............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299EBFDCBC3D2744E" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1194,1436,533,554]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="micrurum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299EBFDCBC36E744E" box="[1194,1312,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. micrurum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FDCBC3D2744E" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,533,554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FDECC3D274FB" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FDECC3D27400" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FDECC3D27400" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
23 Ovary convoluted, eggshells truncate-ovoid, 56
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129FFCFDECC49A7423" box="[701,724,562,583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1961-10-31">61</date>
x 3134 µm in size, surface uneven, knobby, weakly tuberculate, 2 flat, tuberculate caps, caudal organs 150193 x 114125 µm in size.................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B6129995FD8EC32E7401" box="[1236,1376,592,613]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ovicallosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129995FD8EC32E7401" box="[1236,1376,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. ovicallosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129827FD91C3D27400" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,591,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CEE57BEFFC8B6129827FD91C3D27400" box="[1382,1436,591,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FDB3C3D274FB" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FDB3C3D274FB" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
- Ovary slightly winding but making no loops, eggshells ovoid, 55
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129E28FDB3C5CF74E6" box="[873,897,621,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1960-10-27" valueMax="1960-10-29" valueMin="1960-10-27">60</date>
x 2729 µm in size, surface with rod-like pattern with delicate coating, 2 caps from flattened knobs, caudal organs 5590 µm in diameter............
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299C8FD54C3D274FB" authority="Spiridonov, 1993" authorityName="Spiridonov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1161,1436,650,671]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laotense">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299C8FD54C2BF74FB" box="[1161,1265,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. laotense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B61299B6FD54C3D274FB" author="Spiridonov" box="[1271,1436,650,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Spiridonov, S. E. (1993) Nematodes of the family Ungellidae Chitwood, 1950 from Laotian earthworms. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1 (1), 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1993">Spiridonov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FD79C3D274BE" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FD79C3D574D8" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1435,679,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FD79C3D574D8" box="[151,1435,679,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">24 Eggshells without polar differentiation.................................................................... 25</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FD1BC3D274BE" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1436,709,730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FD1BC3D274BE" box="[151,1436,709,730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
Eggshells with two polar caps, finely mamillate............................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B6129EB8FD1BC3D274BE" authority="Ivanova &amp; Spiridonov, 1987" authorityName="Ivanova &amp; Spiridonov" authorityYear="1987" box="[1017,1436,709,730]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mucrorimae">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129EB8FD1BC24B74BE" box="[1017,1029,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129950FD1BC2CB74BE" box="[1041,1157,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">mucrorimae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B61299CAFD1BC3D274BE" author="Ivanova" box="[1163,1436,709,730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Ivanova, E. S. &amp; Spiridonov, S. E. (1987) [Nematodes from the coelomic cavity of Vietnamese earthworms: parasites of Pheretima mucrorima and a new species of Perodira]. Bulletin Moskovskogo Obschestva ispitatelei prirody. Otdelenie biologii, 92 (1), 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1987">Ivanova &amp; Spiridonov, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FD3CC3D27556" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FD3CC3D27570" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FD3CC3D27570" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
25 Ovary tip near tail extremity, eggshells av.
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129F3CFD3CC48A7493" box="[637,708,738,759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1951-10-27">51 x 27</date>
µm in size and 4 µm thick, heavily mamillate.....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B612993FFCDEC3D27570" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1150,1436,767,789]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ovimamillatum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B612993FFCDEC36E7571" box="[1150,1312,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S ovimamillatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FD21C3D27570" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,767,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FCC3C3D27556" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[151,1436,797,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FCC3C3D27556" box="[151,1436,797,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">- Ovary tip near anterior end of caudal organs, eggs of different size and coat pattern................................ 26</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="0E5D2E72FFC8B6129DD6FCE4C3D275C3" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FCE4C3D27508" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FCE4C3D27508" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
26 Body
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B6129C5CFCE4C77D752B" box="[285,307,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">ca</emphasis>
. 2 µm long, pharynx 160208 µm, hooks
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129F9DFCE4C569752B" box="[732,807,826,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="2011-10-12">12 x 11</date>
µm in size, eggshells av.
<date id="C1171017FFC8B612996DFCE4C216752B" box="[1068,1112,826,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1958-10">58 x</date>
34 µm in size, bearing irregular hexagonal pattern..................................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299F0FC86C3D27508" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1201,1436,855,877]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="turgidum">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299F0FC86C36E7509" box="[1201,1312,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. turgidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FC89C3D27508" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,855,876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B51636D7FFC8B6129DD6FCABC3D275C3" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
<keyLead id="0E5895E2FFC8B6129DD6FCABC3D275C3" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
- Body
<quantity id="72519B32FFC8B6129C5AFCABC7C375EE" box="[283,397,885,906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.11.5 mm</quantity>
long, pharynx 80100 µm long, hooks
<date id="C1171017FFC8B6129E49FCABC56875EE" box="[776,806,885,906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">9 x</date>
8 µm in size, eggshells narrowly rounded at ends, av.
<date id="C1171017FFC8B612986CFCABC33B75EE" box="[1325,1397,885,906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" value="1952-10-20">52 x 20</date>
µm in size, finely mamillate..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="72A94D54FFC8B61299CBFC4CC3D275C3" authority="Timm, 1966" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1966" box="[1162,1436,914,935]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Siconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="micronchium">
<emphasis id="87DDEAC5FFC8B61299CBFC4CC36E75C3" box="[1162,1312,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">S. micronchium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D1384B26FFC8B6129867FC4CC3D275C3" author="Timm" box="[1318,1436,914,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" refString="Timm, R. W. (1966) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. IV. Siconema new genus (Drilonematoidea: Ungellidae) with a description of 10 new species. Biologia (Dacca), 12, 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="1966">Timm, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>