393 lines
29 KiB
XML
393 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="3B1B184C4AE591EF59338F8FC90C7AB5" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Cervus nippon Temminck 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="663" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="663" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FFD65E73FCD88D2689B5A32050F3FA5C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="30AD740D2AAEEE098056F69262F028E8">
|
||
<mods:title id="3F40806583FFC2A6F576963CDE132270">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="84728B4A0F310666B375F45DF14B1FC2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D6FB32A05985CD9CDB54242C1C8B41C8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6550B59FE30FAEC54F062EC89090DB06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="15A3D68D3A1CB99C5F130662E4A41268">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4E52360EC77F39011AAC8AEA8184B965" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2C8A4D6D428768D1B86879BB29C19FD3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="79F3B78220857D364D4B1014F924E7F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="25920A121938D5106EC99E4D0E0FDDA2">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9F551BD4067CF5736BDF481DD0D89B88">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="38EF3573FB06F86B8085B464768459E6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="99DF5633692F6D70C6047D49ED819A50">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="67E9672497ED464BA9FFC79EDC2E8447">2005</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="8053F1F0718F4F4C653086DABA52AEC2">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="8190B2BDECEBDE124229992757DB42EF">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="F05F26B2EEF0D64C83A5153E5480DCC2">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F65C0B1487EBE034612BDA212518CE2E">
|
||
<mods:title id="93989B07DCE2B09EE015AEE744CD7208">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="1FC63C6AE2CD8EE54643072B197A0BF1">
|
||
<mods:extent id="22EF36614EA3D91F82FDCEC9E3D74AD9" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E0DBFE76C275233F31DA760CCD43E3ED">637</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6D97A3724D15B22CCAACD56FC64EE3F7">722</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C4BADF50C6F87FEE28C26685725A4599">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="286263EA745AAA6BD306BDC6CDF012DA" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0007084799D92A6355BB27429697D8EA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3B1B184C4AE591EF59338F8FC90C7AB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11336493" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11336493" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1B184C4AE591EF59338F8FC90C7AB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B1B184C4AE591EF59338F8FC90C7AB5" lastPageNumber="663" pageNumber="663" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200371">
|
||
<subSubSection id="1A7C3566C96720BC7B7FEAA9CC159BB4" pageNumber="663" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="054522977B9BA3901FE0145256E0D502" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E78FFB5492375237770C7710B4AB3D3D" ID-CoL="T56N" authority="Temminck 1838" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nippon">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF56393AC894A0F1A9739BFBC7D70012" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
Temminck 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91604438C6CC3B0219FC6E4A4F1F5027" pageNumber="663" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="879792707EE4A822862766BF20697596" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A6F27ED6C2986EE247D7B220516E4E54" author="Temminck" authority="Temminck 1838" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="xxii" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nippon" title="Cervus nippon" volumeTitle="in: von Siebold, Temminck, and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan" year="1838">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="794A33D828E99C802523B948BF0A9C89" ID-CoL="T56N" authority="Temminck 1838" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nippon">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5F81CE47F685157FA54183235A3C355" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
Temminck 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibCitation id="78C329B2639D4A95D72A4E634E773013" author="Temminck" pageNumber="663" pagination="xxii" title="Cervus nippon" volumeTitle="in: von Siebold, Temminck, and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan" year="1838">
|
||
in: von Siebold, Temminck, and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FA4ABEA9F32334A9E84C49384D04DD7F" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: xxii
|
||
</bibCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7B967CEBEBC3E855C340057BFDB2F93B" pageNumber="663" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F6BE5AC7D25223260D0077B2F3C7A48" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAF6E9511192BEB90A1F6F861E7BFDF8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A0D160D56B33BCC5A18C0627539E4D34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329311" country="Japan" pageNumber="663" stateProvince="Nagasaki">
|
||
"Les îles du domaine du
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7F306E0120B048E46842B88973153772" name="Japan">Japon</collectingCountry>
|
||
"; restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CCC41AF115F511D80876959C48974E11" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kyushu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9188AB760050F70AB341C31CC146E26F" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA82D8030441E9BAD38618C2DC91C542" author="Groves, C. P. & C. Smeenk" refId="ref133332" refString="Groves, C. P., and C. Smeenk. 1978. On the type material of Cervus nippon Temminck, 1836; with a revision of sika deer from the main Japanese islands. Zoologische Mededelingen, 53: 11 - 28." year="1978">Groves and Smeenk, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE7C7E87F3D7507537B7F08DA603D47D" pageNumber="663" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="41A9EF1D4C8F93E85C4E2E8574B409BE" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="31B644B78CC9194E1298523FA4515DA1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="D3637D58323D00EFCEC87423D7D38CAE" language="eng" pageNumber="663">Sika</vernacularName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DD1241DBCD59133395AEA444C7F595E8" pageNumber="663" type="child_taxa">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA276D76880DA3E6545E023B9347F5B2" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="EC5A894DBF12B120C9D133715F260514" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Subspecies:</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A20C2AA90816C5A6E8A12723A82586C6" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A26AE57FEF9C69A0A4F70547532313FC" authority="Temminck 1838" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="nippon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C9E5A86BA0CA1F8724437EA824C58DC" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="50D63AF25B5BF3D464E44697CED381A5" italics="true" pageNumber="663">nippon</emphasis>
|
||
Temminck 1838
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F9DD011BF84C6D2FF9AE135AF84E2EE" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92656F02477100CD541537E4A993BF5B" authority="Heude 1884" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="aplodontus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE0DA5C8EE13F59F5D9A9A45DEBE904E" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4D020ED3F8DE35642B2417DEAE88258C" italics="true" pageNumber="663">aplodontus</emphasis>
|
||
Heude 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B47A239A785833A7B2622F347883E35E" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="495659D6CA1AF18D1B6EA9B3EB9AE17B" authority="Heude 1884" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="grassianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="219055D326E5F6810441976E6178E18D" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="9BB1101B6B815DDE8A4F116B31529747" italics="true" pageNumber="663">grassianus</emphasis>
|
||
Heude 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03EA79FFE21199A0D6488D4EB817C5B0" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F772048C83325E45A417C6AFCEBCAB77" authority="Swinhoe 1864" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="hortulorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="462FA6BE8DA789EC43549C029E7A35AB" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="CABC6199F539FC162BC26DA9A79B15EC" italics="true" pageNumber="663">hortulorum</emphasis>
|
||
Swinhoe 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E26B53907780D47940AE9890615C7873" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65CB29FE151C78AFF32E57634F6246" authority="Kuroda 1924" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="keramae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5B1A58FD9FB0549F119BB218D2C6960" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B2191C6CD06E3D688AAA16920DAEF288" italics="true" pageNumber="663">keramae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="42FA12135D62C83E302E301D0770B2C6" author="Kuroda, N." refId="ref201411" refString="Kuroda, N. 1924. [On new mammals from the Riu Kiu Islands and the vicinity.] Published by the author, Tokyo, 16 pp." year="1924">Kuroda 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D02A62133628328317ACD70C25625D0" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDB8DC33C29B7272BC868B80B4672C14" authority="Swinhoe 1873" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="kopschi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4470C8A07327D59AC7F2237A599FB228" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="DBECCBAB93594A6D8B34F1F60334BE77" italics="true" pageNumber="663">kopschi</emphasis>
|
||
Swinhoe 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D18F63F03E0E81DADE89535829B3131B" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8B54530559B752EA5932746600DFF5" authority="Kuroda and Okada 1950" authorityName="Kuroda and Okada" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="mageshimae">
|
||
<emphasis id="3226050ECA366BF2B253E154FECD9856" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="5D970511EC6A88B592C31ACAABBEAEC0" italics="true" pageNumber="663">mageshimae</emphasis>
|
||
Kuroda and Okada 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="181FBF91140CE8E7A020552D958C556F" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A335CDBB8242FFB93FAC1B1694462BCA" authority="Milne-Edwards 1871" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="mandarinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABC4E11F6D19EEF2F7AE6D9629E00636" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="A1D09EA737A64183A11F876EF83DB46C" italics="true" pageNumber="663">mandarinus</emphasis>
|
||
Milne-Edwards 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3AACD8A5BE10D43E5D66DEEB28DB4C" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F9E4BB4B2D24E8EC15CFC25D5584570" authority="Swinhoe 1864" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="mantchuricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E4103B052CA313ECA6A89D5E66DEC20" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="A3AE016B6D0E2D89EAA69CF9D98DC9E3" italics="true" pageNumber="663">mantchuricus</emphasis>
|
||
Swinhoe 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD3A1EC3EFFE1B47DFAB77E737BF4B2D" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F664E05D3247691893A23E664FA259E" authority="Gervais 1841" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="pseudaxis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A6EC09AE06D6CFCB6D4E95C93BEF998" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="1ABE18FEE7FB659B73822F83DBF4F542" italics="true" pageNumber="663">pseudaxis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2BA1517651152227C455FD50842511DA" author="Gervais, F. L. P." refId="ref119624" refString="Gervais, F. L. P. 1841. Mammiferes. Pp. 1 - 68, in Zoologie (J. F. T. Eydoux and L. F. A. Souleyet, eds.). in Voyage autour du Monde execute pendant les annees 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandee par M. Vaillant. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 4: 1 - 334, pls. 1 - 12 (Mammiferes)." year="1841">Gervais 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B09B82638DC481011835D2E17A3B3721" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7922E31A7394F6C5F53F29AD2FFCFBFB" authority="Imaizumi 1970" authorityName="Imaizumi" authorityYear="1970" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="pulchellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C6222027744449730E2735A30CEB62" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="1817604D878538712BD96F6DABA07FBB" italics="true" pageNumber="663">pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
Imaizumi 1970
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="994DF6C8C2C324DD9A54AA0C75F72569" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E52C310A6C9A0D2474DBB2DAB592558" authority="Guo, Chen and Wang 1978" authorityName="Guo, Chen and Wang" authorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="sichuanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F442EF59DCBE86BA900689339EC8EEA1" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="94668B36A7E4655B0CFC43AD022FE1E9" italics="true" pageNumber="663">sichuanicus</emphasis>
|
||
Guo, Chen and Wang 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0106C1E77F106BC50804B0D40E88EE11" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DCFD91E3656C5F19175977C21496E1B" authority="Heude 1888" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="soloensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="07292F9688BC3BCF8B640FFFFAD998EF" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="6F054D3C74CE3BFEB79E91197D2EE52E" italics="true" pageNumber="663">soloensis</emphasis>
|
||
Heude 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B892828ADBC0D9AF6554425EAC78ED88" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ED323F2AA47FC1496F1412A64D5D437" authority="Blyth 1860" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="taiouanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CE4AAD070927270C27C54202DDEF577" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="5E0CBD2714E0210E1305EEADDD9B7A0A" italics="true" pageNumber="663">taiouanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="30B18BD2BB5FC76E4EF0091582E19739" author="Blyth, E." refId="ref34065" refString="Blyth, E. 1860. On the flat-horned taurine cattle of S. E. Asia with a note on the races of rein deer, and a note on domestic animals in general. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 29: 282 - 306, 376 - 392." year="1860">Blyth 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="082B9F35908CB394ABDD95142B0B8C39" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADE080FD5A474A375E430FE9AAA54D51" authority="Kuroda and Okada 1950" authorityName="Kuroda and Okada" authorityYear="1950" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="yakushimae">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5CEE712B8355568C643B0029371270E" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4F63D5B32DF8F8066D3746D93068C37A" italics="true" pageNumber="663">yakushimae</emphasis>
|
||
Kuroda and Okada 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="60C37211E273266DFF2C7B2BCF039B2C" pageNumber="663">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED27C9CB3134B02B8D2C11949C0A4EEC" authority="Heude 1884" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1884" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="663" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nippon" subSpecies="yesoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="920822E03D9604DB903E3707976A1F4F" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus nippon</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="BAD1933B429FF1E59C32E5CA5FFAD749" italics="true" pageNumber="663">yesoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Heude 1884
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1E5DB1D98B5B732D023B3031C65E0596" pageNumber="663" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F144BB148E7A7E4C03D8BFEB12B5307" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="6C49CCA2ACBBB4C81878F98AAA1FEAB4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22CD00C4007CCE45BB888B8D40C28FCD" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Manchuria south to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE52B65CC18B4B17819DD2817CF4BBF7" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0BFFBC779D17756B781FF2E1D003807F" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A95586044910069B676BEE12AEAB12DD" country="China" name="Anhui">Anhui</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E2768D5B89CD52CAEB3ED180A3CD760" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(incl. Cheju Isl),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="610385652E19BFAC66A6D539D9200B86" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(incl. Tsushima Isls),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7478AE838F8B675CF9127ACBE905A05" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Soviet Far East),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4420D472AEE278A41C731E9F5273056C" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(extinct but reintroduced), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F6190B2587BFEEE8E637B20D42028E17" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Apparently wild populations now very localised in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="97479BD9CE5EC33CD7506CA62C3BB857" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Presumably anciently introduced to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2F634158145D82A454AD3132937392D9" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Solo Isl; still extant?). Introduced in 17th century to Kerama Isls (Ryukyu Isls). Introduced in 19th-20th centuries to British Isles, mainland Europe (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="15DA0CE722AA43B2015B0AD3918929A1" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="123121F9AA36A9C1AE2B61976A7C033B" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A13B4D3FCAD2622E431BD4400F6EDEF3" name="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D612BA7B6046E5FA7471872E224C6C31" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95C34FC128075F99A1B9EFCD109ADC5F" name="Denmark">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FD17A011FC3311E9111C03086A3A41D8" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9804FA6C92B5827FD5B93482AF11A7D8" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B293D5E369AFF6D61400E3B46CEDB074" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kaliningrad,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7351BE2ACC88890A0334AB23AD0F4EF5" name="Lithuania">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9FA3EFBA2752361DFF8A854B5F33E641" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2810597304ECD0E3C9FE1FDA60BAC0E" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2E787623C9CC93212C24963AA773B31B" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5BFF1FBCE0B9C72E790D07E3C8E067AA" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7568D0FAF67DEADD8B9915B40EC99AF0" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and small islands off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A1A8BBC7712DE11E6FA0362AC167340" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="65132E5F686640E5A01D74B0AEB1B375" pageNumber="663" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB5B97BE1AB49FB7CDDFB392B11A577B" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF981344B7EC028DF3D3DECECF8CD9AF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42BD3D7976726601558420E2ACC5B814" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectionCode id="2B7FDDB5232CD23C316118AE7B2F05D9" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
|
||
– Endangered as
|
||
<emphasis id="B5B3F7114CE69078CC6D15ED7DA711B1" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. grassianus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="13EBF3B1D7463136467662119A65E881" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. keramae</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4D0425A4F1B2CDD083B3028B2F89944" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. kopschi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D5A1169B68967F35365E8B3D81708AA6" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. mandarinus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="52A04A9E06B5E302670416A30C1D8ECB" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. taiouanus</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2A263F43C6C51CD9729547AC5FD8C43">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Critically Endangered as
|
||
<emphasis id="B331385FD20B26BA4E493708A8E778D2" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. grassianus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DFD4D58FE8F951589D34F0BF8E3B005B" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. keramae</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="BC49730229097B4AC092C0C0892BDC93" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. mandarinus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="9879F3DC234504BFA97A1D36E6DED9B5" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. taiouanus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="6AE9EBDC67ABFFBD8D5F59999D8A6D08" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. pseudaxis</emphasis>
|
||
, Endangered as
|
||
<emphasis id="6FD5D77B762639BF97DF61A6476FF4C3" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. sichuanicus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="58408BBE4DAA4DE3DCDA1DB890AB6267" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. kopschi</emphasis>
|
||
, Data Deficient as
|
||
<emphasis id="8C870EEA44538DC7755B5A574ED2876A" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. aplodontus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="265146888DAF5CAD966FBBF2979C9D5A" italics="true" pageNumber="663">
|
||
C. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7BF2EDC17746EEBB1E23BD8187209EE" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1864" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchuricus">mantchuricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2DE94A5C968DCD889CF89F30D225EBB4" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="5757B73727FFF1F77E09C538EC819F32" italics="true" pageNumber="663">C. n. yesoensis</emphasis>
|
||
, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3C00FDF15604D68C76E52E395A6FF46" pageNumber="663" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BF3156013944CDA6055F8BE99EE2FEC" pageNumber="663">
|
||
<emphasis id="A120037A39CD78FB864E114746B89733" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="663">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Further described by Temminck
|
||
<emphasis id="E118C9259692559A170D21D107DFCF06" italics="true" pageNumber="663">in</emphasis>
|
||
von Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aperçu Gén. Spéc. Mamm.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D899CA72F2C1AEAAC499FB230D59FA51" name="Japan">Japon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, p. 54, pl. 17 [1844] as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A432FBDCD8A6BA320C9E10C1FD88391" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sika">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3A2A83435D186A313A971F04814C51E" italics="true" pageNumber="663">Cervus sika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Includes
|
||
<emphasis id="66BD22A0EF2AE0286E3F5C67FB564C2F" italics="true" pageNumber="663">hortulorum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="67D6BF1755D97C309F3B93F02112EAAE" italics="true" pageNumber="663">taiouanus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="E855F9B82DD5CE3433A1D55BF99D24C7" italics="true" pageNumber="663">pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
, which were considered species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B31C5E20B6C26B7102E01A4B5298961" author="Imaizumi, Y." refId="ref165431" refString="Imaizumi, Y. 1970 a. Description of a new species of Cervus from the Tsushima Islands, Japan, with a revision of the subgenus Sika based on clinal analysis. Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 13: 185 - 193." year="1970">
|
||
Imaizumi (1970
|
||
<emphasis id="03FDA929DC11F1A5822367D6A123D85E" italics="true" pageNumber="663">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Includes
|
||
<emphasis id="800A3B7561FB1DD2F8E15B65402E8335" italics="true" pageNumber="663">soloensis</emphasis>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC574B011F0F4B135B6CFE78716A4101" author="Grubb, P. & C. P. Groves" refId="ref134470" refString="Grubb, P., and C. P. Groves. 1983. Notes on the taxonomy of the deer (Mammalia, Cervidae) of the Philippines. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 210: 119 - 144." year="1983">Grubb and Groves (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Revised in part by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93D76F340295C7CE041BD2C255B3C885" author="Groves, C. P. & C. Smeenk" refId="ref133332" refString="Groves, C. P., and C. Smeenk. 1978. On the type material of Cervus nippon Temminck, 1836; with a revision of sika deer from the main Japanese islands. Zoologische Mededelingen, 53: 11 - 28." year="1978">Groves and Smeenk (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who included
|
||
<emphasis id="82057151969D3F060212ACD808667495" italics="true" pageNumber="663">mageshimae</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ADB9A9C17A0031BC51FF55BFC238FD0D" italics="true" pageNumber="663">yakushimae</emphasis>
|
||
in nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A157C98C5AA74864BA4941F07EEADFDC" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nippon">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1C86336B1B402408D08D638C668A821" italics="true" pageNumber="663">nippon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and noted that
|
||
<emphasis id="EABA52A177A9E01C98A6F586DCD66D0F" italics="true" pageNumber="663">aplodontus</emphasis>
|
||
has priority over
|
||
<emphasis id="2C965411869F2A2196924DDB9FFC8CF4" italics="true" pageNumber="663">centralis</emphasis>
|
||
. Reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A0C410235437B13800A52AC02FD9D53" author="Feldhamer, G. A." refId="ref99611" refString="Feldhamer, G. A. 1980. Cervus nippon. Mammalian Species, 128: 1 - 7." year="1980">Feldhamer (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Mammalian Species, 128) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC7D3B17C0195A90CEC94EC5D36F18D3" author="Banwell, D. B." refId="ref20143" refString="Banwell, D. B. 1999. The sika. Halcyon Press, Auckland, New Zealand. 137 pp." year="1999">Banwell (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Native and introduced populations seriously threatened by genetic pollution; numerous populations are of uncertain provenance or have mixed ancestry; status of
|
||
<emphasis id="F35F83DED9F514F47D90B6C4B2D685F7" italics="true" pageNumber="663">hortulorum</emphasis>
|
||
is particularly uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |