747 lines
86 KiB
XML
747 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddddfe34-a113-4306-a231-22ddb13b0ff7" ID-PMC="PMC8443540" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1059-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F59927F52FF15A09AD09DE351036BCBA" ID-PubMed="34594150" ID-ZooBank="731F8C3126B34F818FE83595E360BC58" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1059-89" checkinTime="1631167297077" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Lei, Chen, Jin-zi, Dong, Zi-mei, Chen, Guang-wen, Sluys, Ronald & Liu, De-zeng" docDate="2021" docId="3A8B03EE203458F696B5E06CFBC0FEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1059: 89-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1059" docPubDate="2021-09-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633" docTitle="Dugesia circumcisa Chen & Dong 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="292AFA17-03F6-4153-BC1D-61F0212F207A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="F59927F52FF15A09AD09DE351036BCBA" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="F59927F52FF15A09AD09DE351036BCBA" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668150903856" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wang, Lei</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China & Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Chen, Jin-zi</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Dong, Zi-mei</mods:namePart>
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||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-590X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dzmhjx@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Chen, Guang-wen</mods:namePart>
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||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-523X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chengw0183@sina.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-3471</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Liu, De-zeng</mods:namePart>
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||
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-09-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1059</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>89</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1059-89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">731F8C3126B34F818FE83595E360BC58</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F59927F52FF15A09AD09DE351036BCBA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="187714469" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:292AFA17-03F6-4153-BC1D-61F0212F207A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A8B03EE203458F696B5E06CFBC0FEA8" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/292AFA17-03F6-4153-BC1D-61F0212F207A" authority="Chen & Dong" authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa" status="sp. nov.">Dugesia circumcisa Chen & Dong</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-01-01" country="China" county="Shangsi County" elevation="245" latitude="21.909445" location="Shiwan Dashan Mountain National Natural Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.914444" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZMHNU-YWSZ2,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A8B03EE203458F696B5E06CFBC0FEA8:5C9B0C9E8CF3A90BC18A66F478E82896" country="China" county="Shangsi County" latitude="21.909445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="107.914444" name="Shiwan Dashan Mountain National Natural Reserve" stateProvince="Guangxi Province">Shiwan Dashan Mountain National Natural Reserve</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="21.909445">21°54'34"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="107.914444">107°54'52"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty>Shangsi County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, alt.
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="245.0">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" unit="m" value="245.0">245 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(a.s.l.),
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-01-01">1 January 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
, coll. G-W Chen, D-Z Dong and co-workers, sagittal sections on 14 slides
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZMHNU-YWSZ1, ibid., sagittal sections on 28 slides; RMNH VER. 19974.a, ibid., sagittal sections on 26 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ5, ibid., horizontal sections on 15 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ6, ibid., transverse sections on 30 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ8, ibid., sagittal sections on 19 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ9, ibid., sagittal sections on 15 slides; RMNH VER. 19974.b, ibid., sagittal sections on 21 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ11, ibid., transverse sections on 60 slides; ZMHNU-YWSZ12, ibid., horizontal sections on 19 slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by the presence of the following features: right vas deferens opening at anterior portion of the seminal vesicle, and the left one opening at lateral portion of the vesicle, with the left sperm duct opening dorsally to the right one; two diaphragms in ejaculatory duct, the distal one receiving secretion of penial glands; ejaculatory duct with ventral course through penis papilla and with terminal opening; small nozzle at tip of penis papilla; wide duct connecting male and common atrium; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; chromosome complement triploid, with 24 metacentric chromosomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">circumcisus</emphasis>
|
||
, 'pruned of excess, sheared on all
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sides’">sides'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and alludes to the appearance of the tip of the penis papilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Habitat and reproduction.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Approximately 20 animals were collected from a freshwater stream on the Shiwan Dashan Mountain (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitat and external appearance of Dugesia circumcisa A sampling site B habitat C sexually mature, live individual. Abbreviations: coa: copulatory apparatus; e: eye; ph: pharynx. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586155" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) at an altitude of 245 m a.s.l. (air temperature 8.6 °C, water temperature 12 °C). The Shiwan Dashan Mountain lies in the tropical monsoon forest, which forms a discontinuous system in tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and South America. The most typical tropical monsoon rainforests are distributed in Southeast Asia, with those of mainland China being located mainly near the Tropic of Cancer, thus including parts of the provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Tibet. Within this monsoon rainforest of mainland China, Shiwan Dashan Mountain forms its southernmost part. None of the animals was sexually mature at collection. During the first period of 150 days (January to May) in the laboratory culture, the worms only showed asexual reproduction by means of fission. However, during the following days, seven individuals sexualised, while eventually 3/5 of the animals sexualised, although thus far they have not produced any cocoons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586155" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat and external appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
|
||
sampling site
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitat
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
|
||
sexually mature, live individual. Abbreviations: coa: copulatory apparatus; e: eye; ph: pharynx. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="karyology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Karyology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Each of the five, randomly selected specimens exhibited triploid chromosome complements. In a total of 100 metaphase plates examined, 86 chromosome complements were triploid with 2n = 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 24 chromosomes, with all chromosomes being metacentric (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dugesia circumcisa A metaphasic plate B karyogram C idiogram Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586156" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); chromosome complements of the remaining 14 plates could not be determined, due to either lack of well-dispersed chromosomes or over-dispersed sets of chromosomes. Karyotype parameters, including relative length, arm ratio, and centromeric index, are given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Karyotype parameters (mean values and standard deviations) of Dugesia circumcisa; m: metacentric." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A88D73EF592A8CB36EFBB94E28A1F21" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" tableUuid="1A88D73EF592A8CB36EFBB94E28A1F21">2</tableCitation>
|
||
. The first pair of chromosomes is clearly larger than the others, being 2.17 times larger than the shortest chromosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1A88D73EF592A8CB36EFBB94E28A1F21" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A88D73EF592A8CB36EFBB94E28A1F21" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Karyotype parameters (mean values and standard deviations) of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; m: metacentric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">Chromosome</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">Relative length</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">Arm ratio</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">Centromeric index</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">Chromosome type</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.86
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
46.13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.38
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.95
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
45.08
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.44
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
13.83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.15
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.34
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
43.01
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.26
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.44
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
44.64
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.09
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
11.59
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.52
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.09
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
44.10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.67
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.48
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.28
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
39.22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.07
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.20
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.28
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
44.19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.99
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.43
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">
|
||
46.73
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.39
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rowspan="1">m</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586156" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
|
||
metaphasic plate
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
|
||
karyogram
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
|
||
idiogram Scale bar: 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
In asexual living specimens, body 8-15 mm in length and 0.8-1.5 mm in width, while in sexualised specimens the body measures 15-22 mm in length and 1.5-2.3 mm in width. Head of low triangular shape and provided with two auricles, as well as two eyes located in pigment-free patches (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitat and external appearance of Dugesia circumcisa A sampling site B habitat C sexually mature, live individual. Abbreviations: coa: copulatory apparatus; e: eye; ph: pharynx. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586155" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surface dark brown, excepting pale body margin and a fuzzy, pale mid-dorsal stripe; accumulations of pigment follow the outline of the pharyngeal pocket. Ventral surface light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Pharynx situated in the mid-region of the body, measuring ca. 1/5th of the body length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitat and external appearance of Dugesia circumcisa A sampling site B habitat C sexually mature, live individual. Abbreviations: coa: copulatory apparatus; e: eye; ph: pharynx. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586155" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
); mouth opening located at the posterior end of the pharyngeal pocket. Outer pharyngeal musculature composed of a subepidermal layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by a layer of circular muscles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner pharyngeal musculature composed of a thick subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ11, showing musculature
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of paratype YWSZ8, showing poorly developed ovary
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of paratype YWSZ9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974.a, showing hyperplasic ovaries
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of paratype YWSZ11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of holotype YWSZ2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The ventral ovaries are located at a short distance behind the brain and dorso-medially to the ventral nerve cords. The development of the ovaries differs greatly between specimens. In some animals the ovaries are rather small or even poorly developed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in others the gonads are clearly hyperplasic (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oviducts arise from the dorsal surface of the ovaries and run dorsally to the ventral nerve cords in a caudal direction. At approximately the level of the gonopore, the oviducts curve dorsad to open separately and asymmetrically into the vaginal portion of the bursal canal, with the right oviduct opening dorsally to the left one (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The large sac-shaped copulatory bursa, which occupies the entire dorso-ventral space, is lined by a vacuolated epithelium with basal nuclei and is almost devoid of any surrounding musculature (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). From the postero-dorsal wall of the bursa, the rather narrow bursal canal runs in a caudal direction to the left side of the copulatory apparatus, after which it curves ventrally and opens into the common atrium (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bursal canal is lined with columnar, nucleated, ciliated cells and surrounded by a thin subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by a slightly thicker layer of circular muscle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). An ectal reinforcement layer of longitudinal muscles runs from the vaginal region to ca. halfway along the bursal canal. Shell glands discharge their erythrophil secretion into the vaginal region of the bursal canal, near the oviducal openings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of holotype YWSZ2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of holotype YWSZ2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of paratype YWSZ11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of paratype YWSZ11, showing right vas deferens
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of holotype YWSZ2, showing ejaculatory duct
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">F</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of holotype YWSZ2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">G</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal section of paratype YWSZ9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">H</emphasis>
|
||
horizontal section of paratype YWSZ12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The small, dorsally located testes are poorly developed and provided with immature spermatozoa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dugesia circumcisa A transverse section of pharynx of paratype YWSZ 11, showing musculature B sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 8, showing poorly developed ovary C sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing hyperplasic ovaries and poorly developed testes D sagittal section of paratype RMNH VER. 19974. a, showing hyperplasic ovaries E transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing openings of oviducts into bursal canal F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing musculature of bursal canal. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cm: circular muscles; ho: hyperplasic ovaries; lm: longitudinal muscles; lod: left oviduct; lu: lumen; ov: ovary; rod: right oviduct; te: testis. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586157" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Testicular follicles are arranged on either side of the midline of the body in three or four longitudinal zones, extending from the posterior level of the ovaries to almost the posterior end of the body. Spermatozoa are absent also from the vasa deferentia, which upon reaching the level of the penis bulb curve dorso-mediad and asymmetrically penetrate the wall of the penis bulb. The right sperm duct penetrates the antero-lateral wall of the penis bulb and opens into the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left sperm duct penetrates the lateral wall of the penis bulb and opens through the mid-lateral wall of the seminal vesicle (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the left sperm duct opens dorsally to the right one. The sperm ducts are lined with nucleated cells and are surrounded by a layer of circular muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d1: first diaphragm; d2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The large and well-developed penis bulb occupies the major part of the dorso-ventral space and is composed of intermingled muscle fibres (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6B-F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The penis bulb is asymmetrical in that a major portion expands dorsally to well beyond the midline of the body or even almost extends to the dorsal epidermis. This dorsal portion houses the oblate seminal vesicle, which is lined with a flat, nucleated epithelium. Via a valve-like diaphragm in its ventral wall, the seminal vesicle communicates with an expansion or vesicle in the proximal portion of the ejaculatory duct, which has a more or less vertical orientation. Subsequently, this expansion communicates via a large, blunt, valve-like diaphragm with a much larger expansion of the ejaculatory duct (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is lined by a nucleated epithelium. The second diaphragm receives the openings of erythrophil penis glands, in contrast to the proximal, first diaphragm, which does not receive any secretion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d1: first diaphragm; d2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
From the point of the large expansion, the ejaculatory duct changes its vertical orientation and starts to run more or less parallel to the body surface or attains an oblique, ventro-caudal orientation, thus basically conforming to the particular orientation of the penis papilla. The narrow section of the ejaculatory duct that runs between the large expansion and the tip of the penis papilla is lined by an infranucleated epithelium and follows a ventral course through the papilla, opening terminally at its tip (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6F-H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). In point of fact, the ejaculatory duct opens at a small nozzle located at the otherwise blunt tip of the penis papilla (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). This nozzle can either be extended (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) or be withdrawn to greater or lesser extent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The asymmetrical penis papilla is covered by an infranucleated epithelium, which is underlain by a subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres. The penis papilla almost completely occupies the small male atrium, the latter communicating with the common atrium via a wide duct (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dugesia circumcisa A sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing bursal canal and copulatory bursa B sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing opening of the right vas deferens into seminal vesicle, and two diaphragms C transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing left vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct D transverse section of paratype YWSZ 11, showing right vas deferens E sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing ejaculatory duct F sagittal section of holotype YWSZ 2, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla G sagittal section of paratype YWSZ 9, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla and the duct connecting male and common atrium H horizontal section of paratype YWSZ 12, showing small nozzle at tip of penis papilla. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; ca: common atrium; cb: copulatory bursa; d: diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lvd: left vas deferens; ma: male atrium; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rvd: right vas deferens; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586158" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of holotype YWSZ 2. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; mo: mouth; no: nozzle; ph: pharynx; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586159" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia circumcisa Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of paratype YWSZ 9. Abbreviations: bc: bursal canal; cb: copulatory bursa; cg: cement glands; d 1: first diaphragm; d 2: second diaphragm; ed: ejaculatory duct; go: gonopore; lod: left oviduct; lvd: left vas deferens; no: nozzle; pg: penial glands; pp: penis papilla; rod: right oviduct; rvd: right vas deferens; sg: shell glands; sv: seminal vesicle. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586160" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The common atrium opens to the exterior via a gonoduct, which is lined by a columnar epithelium and receives the openings of abundant cement glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Generally, there is only one diaphragm present in the ejaculatory duct of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and only a few species exhibit two diaphragms, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bijuga" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harrath & Sluys, 2019,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. machadoi" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="machadoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. machadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Beauchamp, 1952,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. mirabilis" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Vries, 1988,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. maghrebiana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maghrebiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. maghrebiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" author="Stocchino, GA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="83 - 91" refId="B37" refString="Stocchino, GA, Manconi, R, Corso, G, Sluys, R, Casu, S, Pala, M, 2009. African planarians: Morphology and karyology of Dugesia maghrebiana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Tunisia. Italian Journal of Zoology 76: 83 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" title="African planarians: Morphology and karyology of Dugesia maghrebiana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Tunisia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" volume="76" year="2009">Stocchino et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. didiaphragma" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="didiaphragma">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. didiaphragma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Vries, 1988, and
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. semiglobosa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="semiglobosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. semiglobosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01729.x" author="De Vries, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="345 - 382" refId="B15" refString="De Vries, EJ, 1988. A synopsis of the nominal species of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) from Africa and Madagascar. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 345 - 382, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01729.x" title="A synopsis of the nominal species of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) from Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01729.x" volume="92" year="1988">De Vries 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" author="Stocchino, GA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="83 - 91" refId="B37" refString="Stocchino, GA, Manconi, R, Corso, G, Sluys, R, Casu, S, Pala, M, 2009. African planarians: Morphology and karyology of Dugesia maghrebiana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Tunisia. Italian Journal of Zoology 76: 83 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" title="African planarians: Morphology and karyology of Dugesia maghrebiana sp. n. (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from Tunisia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000802141683" volume="76" year="2009">Stocchino et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1577508" author="Harrath, AH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="253 - 271" refId="B19" refString="Harrath, AH, Sluys, R, Mansour, L, Folefack, GL, Aldahmash, W, Alwasel, S, Sola, E, Riutort, M, 2019. Molecular and morphological identification of two new African species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Cameroon. Journal of Natural History 53: 253 - 271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1577508" title="Molecular and morphological identification of two new African species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Cameroon." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1577508" volume="53" year="2019">Harrath et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wang et al. 2020). However, in the three first-mentioned species, the ejaculatory duct runs a central course through the penis papilla, in contrast to the ventral trajectories in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. semiglobosa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="semiglobosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. semiglobosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. maghrebiana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maghrebiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. maghrebiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. didiaphragma" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="didiaphragma">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. didiaphragma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The copulatory bursa of the latter lacks the complex stratified epithelium, which projects through an opening of the bursa that is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. semiglobosa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="semiglobosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. semiglobosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it also lacks the large seminal vesicle enclosed by a highly muscularised, elongated penis bulb as present in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. didiaphragma" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="didiaphragma">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. didiaphragma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the knob-like extension on the penis papilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. maghrebiana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="maghrebiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. maghrebiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
In species with two diaphragms, the proximal diaphragm is usually small and basically formed by a non-glandular constriction of the seminal vesicle, while the true diaphragm is a larger structure that receives the secretion of penial glands, as is usual for the diaphragm in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly different in that the proximal diaphragm is not small but consists of a well-developed valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Generally, in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the openings of the left and right sperm ducts into the intrabulbar seminal vesicle are located at ca. the same level. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the vasa deferentia open asymmetrically into the seminal vesicle. Such asymmetrical openings have been reported explicitly for
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bifida" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stocchino & Sluys, 2014, in which the sperm ducts open halfway into the vesicle, with the right duct opening dorsally to the left one. This contrasts with the situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the right sperm duct opens into the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the left duct opens through the mid-lateral wall of the seminal vesicle, with the left sperm duct opening dorsally to the right one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The characteristic nozzle at the tip of the penis papilla in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paralleled in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bakurianica" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bakurianica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bakurianica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Porfirjeva, 1958,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bijuga" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and perhaps also in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sinensis" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From that perspective, it is interesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bijuga" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possesses two diaphragms (see above). However, other parts of the male copulatory apparatus of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bijuga" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., glands opening at a major portion of the blunt penis papilla, as well as atrial folds in the latter species). Furthermore, in the phylogenetric tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is far removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bijuga" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bijuga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bijuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree obtained from Bayesian analysis of the concatenated dataset. Numbers at nodes indicate support values (pp / bs). ＊: Bootstrap value not applicable to the node, because of different topologies of trees obtained by BI and ML methods. Scale bar: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586154" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen & Dong" authorityYear="2021" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. sinensis" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of atrial folds in the latter, while it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bakurianica" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bakurianica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bakurianica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that this species only has a single diaphragm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Another characteristic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the rather wide and long duct connecting the male atrium with the common atrium. Generally, in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" class="Turbellaria" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dugesia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dugesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the male atrium opens more or less directly into the common atrium, without interpolation of a well-defined duct. Apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other exceptions to this ground-plan condition can be found in
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bactriana" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bactriana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bactriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Beauchamp, 1959,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bengalensis" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kawakatsu, 1983,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bifida" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. capensis" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sluys, 2007, and
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. colapha" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="colapha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. colapha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dahm, 1967. However, other characters prevent synonymisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. circumcisa" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with any of these species, which in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. bifida" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported also by completely different positions in the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree obtained from Bayesian analysis of the concatenated dataset. Numbers at nodes indicate support values (pp / bs). ＊: Bootstrap value not applicable to the node, because of different topologies of trees obtained by BI and ML methods. Scale bar: substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/586154" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |