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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.73161" ID-GBIF-Dataset="334a759f-10b5-45d2-bc4d-dde502cf409d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-86-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="94C1BE534DEA57C5BB3CF7E831EE0C9C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650537" ID-ZooBank="71F5C11BC063474DBC968085C9F43A9C" ModsDocID="1314-2607-86-151" checkinTime="1635566801344" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gao, Jia, Engel, Michael S., Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong &amp; Gao, Taiping" docDate="2021" docId="3A5FA78B7C825E4295785A5238F72154" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 86: 151-169" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86" docPubDate="2021-10-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.73161" docTitle="Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9C41FD02-F175-44C8-B69A-64D8D951E62A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="94C1BE534DEA57C5BB3CF7E831EE0C9C" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="94C1BE534DEA57C5BB3CF7E831EE0C9C" masterDocTitle="A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1678756946723" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gao, Jia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-077X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 1501 Crestline Drive - Suite 140, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045 - 4415, USA &amp; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 th Street, New York, NY, 10024 - 5192, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shih, Chungkun</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China &amp; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gao, Taiping</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-8708</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tpgao@cnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>86</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>151</mods:start>
<mods:end>169</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.73161</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.73161</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-86-151</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">71F5C11BC063474DBC968085C9F43A9C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">94C1BE534DEA57C5BB3CF7E831EE0C9C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5650537</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189635793" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9C41FD02-F175-44C8-B69A-64D8D951E62A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A5FA78B7C825E4295785A5238F72154" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9C41FD02-F175-44C8-B69A-64D8D951E62A" authority="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="151">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis elegans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Orthosyntexis elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
The new genus-group name is a combination of the Ancient Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<normalizedToken originalValue="orthós">orthos</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="ο’ρθός">ο'ρθός</normalizedToken>
, meaning,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“upright”">&quot;upright&quot;</normalizedToken>
or
<normalizedToken originalValue="“erect”">&quot;erect&quot;</normalizedToken>
, and geometrically &quot;right angle&quot;), and the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(itself from Ancient Greek
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<normalizedToken originalValue="súntēxis">suntēxis</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(σύντηξις, meaning,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“colliquescence”">&quot;colliquescence&quot;</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“emaciating”">&quot;emaciating&quot;</normalizedToken>
, or &quot;wasting away&quot;)), type genus of the subfamily
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1935" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Syntexinae">Syntexinae</taxonomicName>
. Gender feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Female</emphasis>
: Antenna with 16 flagellomeres, scape almost 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as width and twice as long as flagellomere I, flagellomere I nearly 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as flagellomere II. Forewing with pterostigma not enlarged, uniformly sclerotized and of normal width; 1Rs shorter than 1M; cell 1mcu length to width ratio slightly more than 2; 1r-rs and 2rs-m absent; 1Cu obviously shorter than 2Cu; 3Cu shorter than 4Cu; 2m-cu 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
shorter than 1m-cu in forewing; 3rs-m 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
shorter than 4M. Hind wing with abscissa 2M+Cu; 1M shorter than 2M; m-cu absent, cell r closed. Mesotibia with two apical spurs. Male: Unknown. Immatures: Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="included species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Included species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis elegans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Orthosyntexis elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. thanti" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="thanti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">O. thanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Orthosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be differentiated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Curiosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Curiosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Curiosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the forewing pterostigma is desclerotized and 1r-rs is partly reduced (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="341 - 353" refId="B10" refString="Kopylov, DS, 2019. New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia. Zootaxa 4603: 341 - 353, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" title="New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" volume="4603" year="2019">Kopylov 2019</bibRefCitation>
), and from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Dolichosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Dolichosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has an enlarged pterostigma and forewing 1Cu not obviously shorter than 2Cu (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="341 - 353" refId="B10" refString="Kopylov, DS, 2019. New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia. Zootaxa 4603: 341 - 353, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" title="New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" volume="4603" year="2019">Kopylov 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The new genus can be separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kopylov" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Parasyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Parasyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the
<normalizedToken originalValue="latters">latter's</normalizedToken>
narrower pterostigma, narrower than the length of 2r-rs, and 1M longer than 2M in the hind wing (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="341 - 353" refId="B10" refString="Kopylov, DS, 2019. New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia. Zootaxa 4603: 341 - 353, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" title="New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7" volume="4603" year="2019">Kopylov 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Orthosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Sclerosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sclerosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Sclerosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the
<normalizedToken originalValue="latters">latter's</normalizedToken>
elongate scape, which is 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, and the open cell r in the hind wing (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372" author="Wang, YM" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B36" refString="Wang, YM, Wang, M, Rasnitsyn, AP, Shih, CK, Ren, D, Kopylov, DS, Gao, TP, 2020. A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Cretaceous Research 109: 104372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372" title="A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Cretaceous Research 109: 104372." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372" year="2020">Wang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Gao, Engel, Shih, &amp; T. Gao" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Orthosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Orthosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the extant genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hyponectriaceae" genus="Syntexis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Syntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has 3Cu longer than 4Cu and 2m-cu 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than 1m-cu in the forewing (
<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="114 - 117" refId="B24" refString="Rohwer, SA, 1915. A remarkable new genus of Cephidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 114 - 117" title="A remarkable new genus of Cephidae." volume="17" year="1915">Rohwer 1915</bibRefCitation>
), and from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Daosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Daosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Daosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 1Rs 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
being longer than 1M and 3rs-m 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than 4M in the forewing (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="104 - 114" refId="B11" refString="Kopylov, DS, Rasnitsyn, AP, Zhang, HC, Zhang, Q, 2020. Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 44: 104 - 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753" title="Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753" volume="44" year="2020">Kopylov et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The new genus differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rasnitsyn &amp; Martinez-Delclos" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Cretosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Cretosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 2r-rs meeting the pterostigma beyond midlength and Rs+M longer than 2M (
<bibRefCitation author="Rasnitsyn, AP" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Hispanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="65 - 95" refId="B22" refString="Rasnitsyn, AP, Martinez-Delclos, X, 2000. Wasps (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35: 65 - 95" title="Wasps (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain." volume="35" year="2000">
Rasnitsyn and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Delclòs">Martinez-Delclos</normalizedToken>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Anaxyelidae" genus="Eosyntexis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eosyntexis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Eosyntexis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which 1RS is not shorter than 1M (
<bibRefCitation author="Rasnitsyn, AP" journalOrPublisher="Acta Geologica Hispanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="65 - 95" refId="B22" refString="Rasnitsyn, AP, Martinez-Delclos, X, 2000. Wasps (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35: 65 - 95" title="Wasps (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain." volume="35" year="2000">
Rasnitsyn and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Delclòs">Martinez-Delclos</normalizedToken>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>