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<document id="721ACFF70F45213A166444665CE46F59" ID-CLB-Dataset="303340" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2381275" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d742aae4-f393-4c89-91c3-11bb78568700" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758107" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1726223286654" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Binoy, C., Hiremath, Sangamesh R. &amp; Prathapan, K. D." docDate="2024" docId="3A37879FFF3B152AA20643AEFDDF9F40" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.29-32.1069-1087.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (29 - 32)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2381275" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1082" masterDocId="C60EFFE7FF321527A3604009FFAA9D0B" masterDocTitle="The Fergusson squathopper, Messena sinuata Atkinson (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae) and its egg parasitoids from Southern India" masterLastPageNumber="1087" masterPageNumber="1069" pageNumber="1078" updateTime="1726748286034" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AD7456230F2EB26B374DB159F70BBCDF">The Fergusson squathopper, Messena sinuata Atkinson (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae) and its egg parasitoids from Southern India</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="393058C60267410F13C83C9701981ACF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1201B434BBF9E4BB786338F079AE94C8">Binoy, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="05C3DAB0DB21CE021201386F64E2D6D4">Independent researcher, Sreeragam, Chereekandy, Elathur, Kozhikode, Kerala- 673303, India;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C117710F94E1356548EC1B1D7C9438A2">Hiremath, Sangamesh R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="81216A4A74B542A28E38D092D535F14A">Department of Entomology, Thiruvananthapuram, India; &amp; Department of Agricultural Entomology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF1B26511846197602AB2C3C11D0026E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9A21AB9297AE7E3357310B019E18205F">Prathapan, K. D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F2DAA3437D8E186BE5C3E1AF2981BA87">Department of Entomology, Thiruvananthapuram, India;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="13F12292A0705392C623F5B88C36205C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57BA713521DC07E530FF743C2BAF83C5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B4077EAC5E4F899584F5043B0BE67C3">
<mods:date id="F803CEFB072F6EA3D12FF3A360F933C9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="366CB52C09D95C3E9A46F17A6824BA38">2024-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="72A27583A6F0D34C934FFD86C9EE3D61" type="volume">
<mods:number id="013960768FB19779E0DFD20313BC88F7">58</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="72DAE7FACAF11A2102A223807B9D23A7" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9A0136B7564318888F19B631D22400A8">29 - 32</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="04DAAC7D5F060192018E82CAF82B24C5">1069</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="373C57C519288367AA4ABA4ED22B5FB6" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2381275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5D8E254414A94C7AABA8F4F4C1752FB" type="Zenodo-Dep">13758107</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3A37879FFF3B152AA20643AEFDDF9F40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13773069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="241395313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13773069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A37879FFF3B152AA20643AEFDDF9F40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A37879FFF3B152AA20643AEFDDF9F40" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3B152EA20643AEFC179EC9" box="[358,957,935,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA20643AEFC179EC9" blockId="9.[358,957,935,962]" box="[358,957,935,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<heading id="E96981E5FF3B152EA20643AEFC179EC9" box="[358,957,935,962]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3B152EA20643AEFC179EC9" authority="Narendran, 2007" authorityName="Narendran" authorityYear="2007" box="[358,957,935,962]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Parachrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA20643AEFD7D9EC9" box="[358,727,935,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Parachrysocharis malabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF3B152EA1BF43AEFC179EC9" author="Narendran TC" box="[735,957,935,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA1BF43AEFC179EC9" bold="true" box="[735,957,935,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Narendran, 2007</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3B152EA3A043D1FD469917" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3A043D1FB989EFA" blockId="9.[192,1074,984,1009]" box="[192,1074,984,1009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="928E11A7FF3B152EA3A043D1FB989EFA" box="[192,1074,984,1009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<treatmentCitation id="333F1098FF3B152EA3A043D1FC889EFA" author="Narendran TC" box="[192,802,984,1009]" page="180" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" year="2007">
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3B152EA3A043D1FC889EFA" authority="Narendran 2007, p. 180" authorityName="Narendran" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="2007" box="[192,802,984,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Parachrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA3A043D1FDA59EFA" box="[192,527,984,1009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Parachrysocharis malabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF3B152EA17743D1FD669EFA" author="Narendran TC" box="[535,716,984,1009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">Narendran 2007</bibRefCitation>
, p. 180
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
–181.
<materialsCitation id="02F63CD4FF3B152EA00143D1FB989EFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4942159304" box="[865,1074,984,1009]" collectionCode="ZSIC" country="India" location="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingCountry id="CA897619FF3B152EA00143D1FC319EFA" box="[865,923,984,1009]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="705AF86BFF3B152EA0C543D1FC409EFA" box="[933,1002,984,1009]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Kerala</collectingRegion>
[
<collectionCode id="D48FAE4CFF3B152EA09643D1FB879EFA" box="[1014,1069,984,1009]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5icv-29es" name="Zoological Survey of India" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">ZSIC</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA157440BFD469917" blockId="9.[567,748,1026,1052]" box="[567,748,1026,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
(
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3B152EA15F440BFD4E9917" box="[575,740,1026,1052]" captionStart-0="Figure 31–40" captionStart-1="Figure 41–44" captionStartId-0="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionStartId-1="11.[160,225,989,1011]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1151,144,954]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetId-1="figure-227@11.[163,1153,142,956]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-1="Figure 41–44. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♂ 41, habitus, lateral view; 42, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 43, mesosoma, propodeum and Gt1, dorsal view; 44, metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758121" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13758121/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Figures 31–43</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3B152EA3C04450FB9E99D0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3C04450FED59978" blockId="9.[160,1156,1113,1243]" box="[160,383,1113,1139]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA3C04450FED59978" bold="true" box="[160,383,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3C04475FB9E99D0" blockId="9.[160,1156,1113,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<materialsCitation id="02F63CD4FF3B152EA3C04475FC6D999E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4942159302" box="[160,967,1148,1173]" collectorName="All" country="India" location="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" specimenCount="55" specimenCount-female="34" specimenCount-male="21" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCount id="A498FD00FF3B152EA3C04475FF76999F" box="[160,220,1148,1173]" count="34" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="female">34 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="A498FD00FF3B152EA38E4475FEB7999F" box="[238,285,1148,1173]" count="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="male">21♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="1F6B535FFF3B152EA24F4475FEE6999E" box="[303,332,1148,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">All</collectorName>
from
<collectingCountry id="CA897619FF3B152EA2FB4475FE7C999E" box="[411,470,1148,1173]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">India</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="705AF86BFF3B152EA2854475FD84999E" box="[485,558,1148,1173]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, Kozhikode district collected by C
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="02F63CD4FF3B152EA0A74475FBB2999E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4942159307" box="[967,1048,1148,1173]" collectorName="All" country="India" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">. Binoy</materialsCitation>
. Malabar Christian College Campus (
<geoCoordinate id="D7AA504EFF3B152EA2B64496FD9499B3" box="[470,574,1183,1208]" degrees="11.263" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" precision="55" value="11.263">11.263°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D7AA504EFF3B152EA12B4496FD0499B3" box="[587,686,1183,1208]" degrees="75.779" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" precision="55" value="75.779">75.779°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="75669B6CFF3B152EA1DA4496FD5D99B3" box="[698,759,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
),
<specimenCount id="A498FD00FF3B152EA06D4496FC8499BD" box="[781,814,1183,1208]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
collected in
<date id="C6201049FF3B152EA0A74496FB2A99B3" box="[967,1152,1183,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" value="2018-11">November 2018</date>
, remainder in
<date id="C6201049FF3B152EA25744CBFD9499D0" box="[311,574,1218,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" value="2021-01" valueMax="2021-02-31" valueMin="2021-01-00">January–February 2021</date>
. (see ‘Material and methods’ for deposition).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3B152EA3C0450FFEAC9B18" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3C0450FFEBE982B" blockId="9.[160,1156,1286,1624]" box="[160,276,1286,1312]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA3C0450FFEBE982B" bold="true" box="[160,276,1286,1312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3C04523FEAC9B18" blockId="9.[160,1156,1286,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Head, mesosoma and metasoma with short, conspicuous setae; eye red in colour; mesoscutum with seven to eight adnotaular erect setae; mesoscutum medially with six longitudinal carinae, median one longest, reaching scutellar grove; scutellum leathery with two erect bristles, one in middle and other near posterior margin; propodeal spiracle not removed from metanotum; propodeum with a median carina; costa with three setae; metasoma yellow with black patches on terga; ovipositor sheath and ovipositor well exserted.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3B152AA3A04617FD509CE9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1082" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" type="description">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152EA3A04617FE839B53" blockId="9.[160,1156,1286,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA3A04617FECF9B3F" bold="true" box="[192,357,1566,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Redescription</emphasis>
(female). (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3B152EA2BE4615FDD19B3E" box="[478,635,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Figures 31–39</figureCitation>
) Body length
<quantity id="75669B6CFF3B152EA07D4615FC0E9B3E" box="[797,932,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.1 mm</quantity>
; length of forewing 1.0–
<quantity id="75669B6CFF3B152EA3AD4636FE8C9B53" box="[205,294,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3B152CA3C0468DFC2699F6" blockId="9.[160,1156,1668,1728]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,1148,1277]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1080" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3B152EA3C0468DFF5F9B95" bold="true" box="[160,245,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1078">Colour.</emphasis>
Body yellowish orange with the following parts variably coloured: eye, ocellar triangle and tip of mandibular teeth reddish brown; ocelli red; scape translucent yellow, pedicel little darker; remaining antennomeres brownish black; metasoma yellow with short patch basally on Gt1, posterior band on Gt2, dorso medial band on Gt3 and Gt4, medial short patch on Gt5, and Gt6 and epipygium entirely brownish black; venation on forewing translucent ivory/white (pale brown in some specimens).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E6E16601FF38152DA3C04669FDBE9BC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079" startId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" targetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF38152DA3C04669FDBE9BC4" blockId="10.[160,1157,1632,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF38152DA3C04669FE869B7D" bold="true" box="[160,300,1632,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079">Figure 31–40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF38152DA2514669FD549B7C" authority="Narendran, 2007" authorityName="Narendran" authorityYear="2007" box="[305,766,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Parachrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF38152DA2514669FDFC9B7C" box="[305,598,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079">Parachrysocharis malabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF38152DA13C4669FD549B7C" author="Narendran TC" box="[604,766,1632,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1079" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">Narendran, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna, lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E6E16601FF39152CA3C043D4FF7E9925" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758121/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080" startId="11.[160,225,989,1011]" targetBox="[165,1151,144,954]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF39152CA3C043D4FF7E9925" blockId="11.[160,1156,988,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF39152CA3C043D4FE849EF9" bold="true" box="[160,302,988,1011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">Figure 41–44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF39152CA25643D5FCA09EF8" authority="Narendran, 2007" authorityName="Narendran" authorityYear="2007" box="[310,778,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Parachrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF39152CA25643D5FDF79EF8" box="[310,605,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">Parachrysocharis malabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF39152CA10543D5FCA09EF8" author="Narendran TC" box="[613,778,988,1011]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">Narendran, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. ♂ 41, habitus, lateral view; 42, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 43, mesosoma, propodeum and Gt1, dorsal view; 44, metasoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF39152BA3C04520FBD99C7C" blockId="11.[160,1156,1321,1728]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1155,142,375]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1081" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF39152CA3C04520FF4F9848" bold="true" box="[160,229,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">Head.</emphasis>
In anterior view 1.26× as long as wide; finely alutaceous with setigerous pits along inner eye margin, setae long, erect, white arising from tubercles; a median ridge/carina running from anterior ocellus onto subtriangular elevation at the inter-torular space; lower face with more setigerous pits on alutaceous surface; clypeus apico-medially produced into pair of distinct lobes and pair of lateral pointed processes (in some specimens a short yet prominent median tooth-like protuberance present); labrum trapezoid, distinctly protruding beyond clypeus; mandible bidentate, inner tooth large, blunt (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF39152CA3C84614FEBA9B3D" box="[168,272,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">Figure 34</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view transverse, 2.1× as wide as long; vertex and occiput alutaceous, with short erect brown seta arising from tubercle; setae on ocellar triangle comparatively long, pale brown in colour; ocellar triangle slightly obtuse; POL 2.0 × OOL, 1.6 × AOL and 1.3 × OD (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF39152CA273468CFED69B95" box="[275,380,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1080">Figure 34</figureCitation>
); eye bare, height of eye in profile 3.2× as long as malar space; gena narrow, almost bare, with scattered adpressed setae, alutaceous; malar sulcus distinct, straight; antenna with three-segmented funicle, three segmented clava and two distinct annelli (11233); scape and pedicel with short adpressed brown erect setae; long sensillae and numerous adpressed setae on remainder of antennomeres; scape not reaching median ocellus, reaching 0.8 of frons; 3.2× as long as wide, 1.9× as long as pedicel, distal end expanded; pedicel 2.1× as long as wide, 0.78× as long as fu1; all funicles longer than wide; length to width ratio of funiculars: 1.9, 1.4, 1.4; clava as 0.64× combined length of all funicles, 3.2× as long as wide, tapering to apex, without any terminal spine (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA09D4157FBCC9C7C" box="[1021,1126,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3E152BA3C041BAFE0D9E67" blockId="12.[160,1156,435,876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3E152BA3C041BAFE8C9CC6" bold="true" box="[160,294,435,461]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Pronotum distinctly arching, narrow, distinctly pilose with two rows of setae placed on tubercles, neck with numerous short setae; surface of pronotum, mesoscutum faintly alutaceous, similar to head; mesoscutum 1.67× as long as wide with well-marked notauli; middle lobe of mesoscutum with median long ridge supplemented by three weak ridges on either side; with 10–12 long adnotaular erect setae; lateral lobe of mesoscutum with numerous well-separated erect setae arising from tubercles; scutellum finely reticulate/leathery with two erect bristles, one in middle and other above posterior margin, margins of scutellum foveolate (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA17C42AFFD209FB4" box="[540,650,678,703]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 36</figureCitation>
); lateral panel of pronotum and prepectus reticulate; mesopleuron smooth, shiny; metapleuron reticulate (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA01C42C0FC4D9FE9" box="[892,999,713,738]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 38</figureCitation>
); metanotum and propodeum with coarser reticulation; propodeum short, 7.1× as long as broad, median carina and short sublateral carina distinct; propodeal spiracle large, round, peritreme exposed, not removed from metanotum (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA0644338FCDB9E41" box="[772,881,817,842]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 37</figureCitation>
); callus with four erect white setae (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA250435AFE309E67" box="[304,410,851,876]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 38</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3E152BA3C043A1FC9B9999" blockId="12.[160,1156,936,1170]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3E152BA3C043A1FF5B9EC9" bold="true" box="[160,241,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Wings.</emphasis>
Forewing hyaline, with short and dense discal ciliation, 2.1× as long as its maximum width; marginal fringe long and erect at MV; SMV with four strong semi erect dorsal setae; decolourised area on parastigma between SMV and MV; STV with distinct uncus; cubital setal line expanded in middle, remainder straight till apical wing margin; MV 1.8× as long as SMV; MV 3.9× as long as STV; CC 5.6× as long as broad, with numerous short setae on lamina; hindwing hyaline, 4.8× as long as wide, marginal fringe slightly long, discal ciliation similar to that of forewing (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA1DB4470FC8E9999" box="[699,804,1145,1170]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3E152BA3C044C4FC939844" blockId="12.[160,1156,1229,1359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3E152BA3C044C4FF7199EC" bold="true" box="[160,219,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Legs.</emphasis>
Metacoxa reticulate, 1.9× as long as wide; hind femur weakly reticulated, 4.4× as long maximum width, surface with scattered suberect setae and moderately dense adpressed setae; hind tibia setose, slightly shorter than hind femur, 6.0× as long as wide; metatibial spur 0.8× as long as basitarsus (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA1A2453FFC869844" box="[706,812,1334,1359]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 31</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3E152BA3C04582FEB49B59" blockId="12.[160,1156,1419,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3E152BA3C04582FE8E98AE" bold="true" box="[160,292,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Petiole inconspicuous; metasoma ovate with apex pointed, all terga faintly reticulate/alutaceous, sculpture more prominent on Gt4–Gt6; dorsum of Gt1 and Gt2 bare, laterally with single row of setae near its posterior margin; Gt3–Gt5 with 2–3 rows of setae on dorsum near posterior margin; cercal setae unequal, one long and sinuate; hypopygium reaching middle of metasoma; ovipositor sheath and ovipositor exserted (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA3C84630FEBB9B59" box="[168,273,1593,1618]" captionStart="Figure 31–40" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-3@10.[163,1153,142,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 31–40. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♀ 31, habitus, lateral view; 32, habitus, dorsal view; 33, head and antenna,lateral view; 34, head, dorsal view; 35, head, frontal view (mandible and clypeus in inset); 36, mesosoma, dorsal view; 37, propodeum; 38, mesosoma, lateral view; 39, forewing; 40, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figure 40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3E152BA3C04684FE379BAC" blockId="12.[160,413,1677,1703]" box="[160,413,1677,1703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">
<heading id="E96981E5FF3E152BA3C04684FE379BAC" box="[160,413,1677,1703]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081" reason="5">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3E152BA3C04684FF4B9BAC" bold="true" box="[160,225,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Male.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3E152BA3984687FE3F9BAC" box="[248,405,1678,1703]" captionStart="Figure 41–44" captionStartId="11.[160,225,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,954]" captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[163,1153,142,956]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 41–44. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♂ 41, habitus, lateral view; 42, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 43, mesosoma, propodeum and Gt1, dorsal view; 44, metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758121/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1081">Figures 41–44</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C04087FE8C9DA3" blockId="13.[160,1156,142,376]" box="[160,294,142,168]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3F152AA3C04087FE8C9DA3" bold="true" box="[160,294,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C040BBFD959C73" blockId="13.[160,1156,142,376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
Body length
<quantity id="75669B6CFF3F152AA25140BBFE1D9DC0" box="[305,439,178,203]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
, length of forewing 1.0 mm. Surface sculpture similar to that of female. The following characters (other than usual sexual dimorphic states on number of antennomeres, size and terminal metasomal segments) may be considered in associating the male
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3F152AA26C4113FE129C38" box="[268,440,282,307]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Parachrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3F152AA26C4113FE129C38" box="[268,440,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">P. malabarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to its female: scape ventrally carinate; face in lateral view subrectangular; legs long; metasoma except medial portion of Gt1, black; face and metasoma collapsing on drying (
<figureCitation id="2AA52A0CFF3F152AA2F54156FD989C73" box="[405,562,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 41–44" captionStartId="11.[160,225,989,1011]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,954]" captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[163,1153,142,956]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 41–44. Parachrysocharis malabarensis Narendran, 2007. ♂ 41, habitus, lateral view; 42, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 43, mesosoma, propodeum and Gt1, dorsal view; 44, metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758121/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Figures 43, 44</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C041ACFE839CB4" blockId="13.[160,762,421,482]" box="[160,297,421,447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3F152AA3C041ACFE839CB4" bold="true" box="[160,297,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Other hosts</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C041C0FD509CE9" blockId="13.[160,762,421,482]" box="[160,762,457,482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3F152AA3C041C0FEA09CE9" box="[160,266,457,482]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" genus="Pyrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3F152AA3C041C0FF489CE9" box="[160,226,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Pyrilla</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3F152AA27641C0FE3A9CE9" box="[278,400,457,482]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="759E4D0AFF3F152AA2FB41C0FD899CE9" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[411,547,457,482]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lophopidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF3F152AA15641C0FD479CE9" author="Narendran TC" box="[566,749,457,482]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">Narendran 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA846502FF3F152AA3C04207FDDF9F40" box="[160,629,526,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C04207FE869F23" blockId="13.[160,629,526,587]" box="[160,300,526,552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
<emphasis id="80EAEA9BFF3F152AA3C04207FE869F23" bold="true" box="[160,300,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2213689FF3F152AA3C0423BFDDF9F40" blockId="13.[160,629,526,587]" box="[160,629,562,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">
<collectingCountry id="CA897619FF3F152AA3C0423BFF7D9F40" box="[160,215,562,587]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="705AF86BFF3F152AA385423BFE859F40" box="[229,303,562,587]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Kerala</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="CA897619FF3F152AA25F423BFE0F9F40" box="[319,421,562,587]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D60F4B78FF3F152AA2D2423BFDC39F40" author="Narendran TC" box="[434,617,562,587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1082" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref7402" refString="Narendran TC. 2007. Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. Rec Zool Sur India. 272: 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="2007">Narendran 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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