647 lines
69 KiB
XML
647 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20134" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ff5e644-31e2-4390-a30f-15225d9cbaa8" ID-PMC="PMC8967815" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" ID-PubMed="35586838" ID-ZooBank="DA810EFDD63C49C4B1CAD346B3C00C37" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-45" checkinTime="1648057134838" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiri, Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Tosevski, Ivo & Batyra, Aleksandra" docDate="2022" docId="39922FEFB6645F58971A13E99C4031CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 45-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741" docTitle="Gymnetron melanarium" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1732754322687" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BE80122C8BF74E36EDD3B2BF83CB145">
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<mods:title id="8552F436F5794179BC2C6E1B00A2A5D1">Description of immature stages of Gymnetron species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae), with particular emphasis on the diagnostic morphological characters at the generic and specific levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D954EB67FF31209F92FD3122ED05B26D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2D31527B728747EC1FE9C38DAABB1A15">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BA3B2CE4C3DB0986A3AC6FA3A67BB190" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9E3FED7948E214DC0C2954D2B4A73F8">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A30D2CF9DE33260BB24735FEB13EABCE" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AF8CA4C13DCBD42F974F32103AB514EE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E06E1ED837FB0C20C0F50559102AC32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3562C2F28326A8E8D332EF4B310DD91F">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B12A313270D6F54EEBCDA15E0B1376F7">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AA11F91FD8D2F4F853EE7842891B5D8B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="274DCA406CD970A2AC87D99003ADA70F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="77CC02BA4FC57879DD38C7A4CC66E12C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="86C40E004107E258FD9ADCCE335D10B2">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FE12BE7F485C805F94798D0DA0142D9">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3B6D14B2318935EDFC36F3C998430C52" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="853732B2D814F5B2A50C2F3B26C2B981">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44D1EAEC1B387FAF1F0F8F6FCD370F2C">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="70B788FEB26B92875C4E5E2544110FF8">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B5E73DA8E9A4F52FDD315981951270DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8FCCFE7F765650155FF7BB91A0DB80B5">Batyra, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="449A168670AA6D1388A218BCB4DB5C1C">Zabia Wola 75 H, 23 - 107 Strzyzewice, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B8FB7B2B393C00CB2DA894930C96E513">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A2EABA66B215F0C77D5B2A20CD35674B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="787A863576F41A4271E98C0CE14F4DBA">
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<mods:date id="403BD87F722DAE987BE2297CE1D87C0F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1DE58D674DBA65554C20E2E984080DAB">2022-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9C93453772C1072ACBA1C672D1F96234" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3A7B5F7C35A50CBB5CBBE59D6DDB7768">1090</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="95A829931D03978314DFDD22AE422818">45</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D0C380AAA698CBF0F27E05F2F27BA3E1">84</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="54C6CE07D20FF35D82A184F7DF76F12F">
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<mods:url id="3E45A70B2218B3D0182531451949A224">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="77F809F8454146419E1D0BA909C39471">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="36D9BB13B0CBCD75C337B4BD572F0DDC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="48C4DDC50F96661ADA5FAA5C13B85D3B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1090-45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D52319485EE4F3C95532CAA119666314" type="ZooBank">DA810EFDD63C49C4B1CAD346B3C00C37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EB3A3FB248EDC7BEFD0F75D0E0BED255" type="Pensoft-UUID">2FE2177128BF5B8092D3A251DBEA4129</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="39922FEFB6645F58971A13E99C4031CF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194208512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39922FEFB6645F58971A13E99C4031CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39922FEFB6645F58971A13E99C4031CF" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<subSubSection id="FDD1413BCDDA125907EC6267B0320EC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F64BF8678A99DDF054BB046E52A447B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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||
<taxonomicName id="F1E5C12EB54244FD4D90119CEE71F3DD" ID-CoL="8J5QH" LSID="39922FEF-B664-5F58-971A-13E99C4031CF" authority="(Germar, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">Gymnetron melanarium (Germar, 1821)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E20CC9D25BD9250176476636BE99C78" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3AD5BBE865CA230BB004D0F955A5B42F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D975C3974471E569EEF48C8D5F48151D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<materialsCitation id="899B1480CB56BFFA2A6CA301FFDDCDEF" collectingDate="2020-06-20" collectorName="Tosevski" country="Serbia" elevation="686" latitude="43.18355" location="Ponor" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.417784" specimenCount="46" specimenCount-larva="35" specimenCount-pupa="11" stateProvince="Pirot">
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<collectingCountry id="0D3641AC308F204083A928E96521ED27" name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="21E10FFBECA7622989BFBBC1E720E598" country="Serbia" name="Pirot">Pirot</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="A42994607D04A91863DEECB63B91B90A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39922FEFB6645F58971A13E99C4031CF:A42994607D04A91863DEECB63B91B90A" country="Serbia" latitude="43.18355" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.417784" name="Ponor" stateProvince="Pirot">Ponor</location>
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, GPS
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||
<geoCoordinate id="1197BB4ECC6A55A53E73DC40DD15CC04" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="11.013" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.18355">43°11.013'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="20CFFBB7F7AA23374006A1EAB4CB691B" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="25.067" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.417784">22°25.067'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4787E40FEDF9426A9496E5F79169705C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" unit="m" value="686.0">
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<elevation id="F0EACF1281A7EFC027EE7A574257F97E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.859999999999999" unit="m" value="686.0">686 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="003F9C6651842D469652016CBEA973E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="austriaca" subSpecies="jacquinii">Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="5D928E5F4698ACDE4F72F30D9F4B7778" value="2020-06-20">20.06.2020</collectingDate>
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||
, leg.
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||
<normalizedToken id="9EA486357028570EBD8C0E91C3659EF0" originalValue="Toševski">
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||
<collectorName id="A7B509A20A795AB3F7AA2BC36EA888D9">Tosevski</collectorName>
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||
</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="21B2AA38260AA94BAD6A1B95FBE4CF83" type="larva">35 larvae</specimenCount>
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and
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||
<specimenCount id="953E3F1DACDD9F1CB1F02DED7B4170F2" type="pupa">11 pupae</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F45F40FC8AB8AE69A207D132CCF0505D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="41442C623EC4EF7865FDF4188FB79A45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D8BE0D9AE32322F6FABA28B6D5DC124F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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||
(Figs
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<figureCitation id="FC9C9A14894AC235249C1778F1DA615B" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">16A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="69535B3C713A157B90C75B95CDD2B2CD" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17A-F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D1AAE8C01E3B8F2EB0612E99235BAB24" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="C644B94894BCAB851FEE6553FA8829C2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Measurements</emphasis>
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(in mm). Body length: 2.33-2.66. The widest point in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.00. Head width: 0.50-0.53.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC981633458859A4573964D27510D571" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="BE1ED9A17EA7DDC6BD35E47B579484D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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||
<emphasis id="3078CB19CE7C83373F84E8FB78A49DD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">General</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body elongate, slender, weakly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="E46109AA4B5BEBF5C86D7F85088D2885" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">16A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="D5D5EF2E9F362AF86DEDB45F080E9199" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph id="11EDF986407BD98690C9FEE247E0F89E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="45273073EE8FF7302F2B465609581AB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7488D7B843EF4EB48CB91E93C97E467" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
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||
<emphasis id="8BE90BBCAFA92028D497CB9196F7AF3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron melanarium</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(Germar) mature larva
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||
<emphasis id="6DC3FC6046A9D6583D4C1E58A803DC16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus
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||
<emphasis id="B5C80E015393DFD5388C75DEE408935B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
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head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
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||
<emphasis id="BAD9091BCB6D7B1CEA44C9F0EAA6ECF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
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||
); 0.25 mm (
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||
<emphasis id="A76A0F75E93AD667E80315D0DA7BD73C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA177306C2E96A53B8BC99EC6E452CB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3A76ABE12110AA17665A93BEBE9C23D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="062179CD44F1E2A03E35E5DC86372CB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colouration</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Head pale yellow (Fig.
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||
<figureCitation id="F82FF1A9BB5107A3D3EA4FCB8B2AF396" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">16B</figureCitation>
|
||
). All thoracic and abdominal segments smooth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C445F66240E87D1954953BE58A66EBFF" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">16A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="772E14138D679F1B15CC249F7A30E4BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1605C365D053E993D64F491BC333A0D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FB6328D153DFB5435723A8005BB5B99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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Setae on body thin, yellow, distinctly different in length (minute to very short or long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="229747359B1685B6FEDACACD5D43B6AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="BAA515290FA2929A38674B80E17BFF37" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E512FB84A7E0F8F07A0FE11E8590DC29" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva A habitus B head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662248" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">16B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EF5D818E6D7D71CDFB1C088130DC4AB" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head almost oval, endocarinal line present, extending distinctly to 3/4 of the length of frons. Frontal sutures on head distinct. Stemma, in form of pigmented spot with convex cornea.
|
||
<emphasis id="8142FAFDBA6ACD1B101EF9CF2E6EE565" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Des1</emphasis>
|
||
medium, located in middle of central part of epicranium; medium
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C383709070F84D07979D6AD1FFA729" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des2</emphasis>
|
||
; medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C71DA0266CB83E0182DE7105E027BEC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des3</emphasis>
|
||
located anteriorly on epicranium, close to border with frontal suture; medium
|
||
<emphasis id="7895F2439A869B00043AB1C0E7727798" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des4</emphasis>
|
||
; medium
|
||
<emphasis id="1D230866AB44E55A522BAEA40E165E1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des5</emphasis>
|
||
placed laterally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DEB736CA23A2B572E7F586E7186FF783" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="22EFE8CD5EA6F4BB003D62F0C7F54FD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Fs1</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B6AE075CDC7841AFDA5BB24B22B7AE46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs2</emphasis>
|
||
medium, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="9637372168DAF1EB9B3053E98D4CAC14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs3</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="ADDC806A43A2FC75B283116303CD3F6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs4</emphasis>
|
||
medium, located anteriorly; and
|
||
<emphasis id="BB506A1CBBAA7F99FE548122284E09B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs5</emphasis>
|
||
long, located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C29B03E7AF9E6EDFD98369B4FDF5D30" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="323885DD1936EF57444223043115FB83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Les1</emphasis>
|
||
medium and
|
||
<emphasis id="6AABC162678EE8360AAF2C35599783F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">les2</emphasis>
|
||
as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="6126698F4FA899F722AF4A8D1A43E533" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des5</emphasis>
|
||
; single
|
||
<emphasis id="2C56D8C30D542BCAD4DEF2212BCDEBF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ves</emphasis>
|
||
medium. Epicranial area with six postepicranial setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C1B5FC86575F19AEE49D5BC7961C5DEA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD97134101073B332905267FE80634F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CE9CEFB482DCDAA1AC932FFF2834E8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F57185F9CBE5A439DEB6D8B254A4B4F8" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0099988FBDD20580815E32BFCD62D7D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron melanarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts
|
||
<emphasis id="EF2138D83CBB014B9E55392A86A41B1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
head
|
||
<emphasis id="F27F41BE1D8E8F68DC3D5F72F0C968D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="E68BBE3F8EF17D543ECD6CD1FB655AF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
clypeus and labrum
|
||
<emphasis id="CDA49B3DBABDC562525B8464D51BFFDF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
|
||
epipharynx
|
||
<emphasis id="E296E7345C5C7D4551E70E59FEDBD9BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
|
||
left mandible
|
||
<emphasis id="750BE961EC2DB2181347E4B38A02D056" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F</emphasis>
|
||
maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="89D7ADEF4A899D2A91C84AD125850835" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">als</emphasis>
|
||
- anteriolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="6C6A317767ED6DDEA5ABF4AF8DE60712" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ams</emphasis>
|
||
- anteromedial,
|
||
<emphasis id="12CE955ED604563D2EEB55EF05B9D2A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">cls</emphasis>
|
||
- clypeal,
|
||
<emphasis id="31DFADD62399E1167A4D8C3996F5646C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">des</emphasis>
|
||
- dorsal epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="23BEC99763B9D9BDEF9D7B79FF5BE22F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">dms</emphasis>
|
||
- dorsal malar,
|
||
<emphasis id="4EA1CA8B467236D0288F1E0054AB8801" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs</emphasis>
|
||
- frontal epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="8E7D8603B8088A9467C09DA29F761647" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">les</emphasis>
|
||
- lateral epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="403AEA3C119974BE07B0863EE5C0E2FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
- ligular,
|
||
<emphasis id="F1589639846A72D6E1CC455F60C06319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms</emphasis>
|
||
- labral,
|
||
<emphasis id="634968418F713577DDD035DDE3791DFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mds</emphasis>
|
||
- mandibular dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="85E9068DFCC85213D21CA9A7C9F68221" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mes</emphasis>
|
||
- median,
|
||
<emphasis id="48BF8CE91B23C2169DC3BF1D235DFF8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
- maxillary palps,
|
||
<emphasis id="A7045957A5702178ED7752B02B2A21CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pes</emphasis>
|
||
- postepicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="1EA468FD114308266C9408A2904C2036" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
- palpiferal,
|
||
<emphasis id="D699D5EACAAE2ACB3BE23E1C7AE98125" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms</emphasis>
|
||
- postmental,
|
||
<emphasis id="1567CD723AA128E667E2ABFEBC02F90E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prms</emphasis>
|
||
- premental,
|
||
<emphasis id="4CA0C63E530A0F36C0B5A918144DA4AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
||
- stipital,
|
||
<emphasis id="EAA3D44AC2349EE0E5F144AB09EF19FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ves</emphasis>
|
||
- ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="580AB857DD2D5AE890F3E57256EE9136" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">vms</emphasis>
|
||
- ventral malar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0276AFB5C73236D32884B47C9485947D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AB418505A63828E70E4DEA669BB39C5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
membranous and distinctly convex basal membranous article bearing one relatively long conical sensorium and four sensilla: three basiconica and single ampullaceum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="695FB82C96CA679351FB33D6A1B40DAA" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D06DD3E704EB5F7BF84AB9531CBDFCB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8AA1A4C6019C04549F80BBF4D895393" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="401493A43C1800C2DC4C079DE71DBEBA" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7794694927D504426541D4C2CDE49BC3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long with two relatively long
|
||
<emphasis id="56F51398FE1CC98CF61138063AE4071B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">cls</emphasis>
|
||
, located posterolaterally, with single sensillum; fused to labrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3BFD9A9BDFB7A1BFAECFFA03EBEEEB28" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="10887D62EBECE56E4292D46C86343C35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="77B1D7A6D7C0E21D02A746AADD60AE06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Mouth parts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="98DC6BC2258DB0DD68088B8E8FFA5D5E" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ~ 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="60A69072A4AA29B974183660AA8DB1BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long, with three piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="C86DCC96143E605A8A84103529E9670E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms</emphasis>
|
||
, relatively long,
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD764071FE5534C12F5CBE041F71F83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms3</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than others;
|
||
<emphasis id="62782793477B28CF771498DF002AC005" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms1</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially,
|
||
<emphasis id="B8FDB3CE41C6DD8DCDBFC9FE95240C30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms2</emphasis>
|
||
located partly close to clypeus, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B12F16D549A515C7D2C17B2A4CE0874C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lms3</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally. Epipharynx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F467C8F13049A9A8C170872511764E91" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three very long digitate
|
||
<emphasis id="9B1D320BF21A9E6585B29F7D64C29287" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost identical in length; with two piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="5039A1A6214AB0186339BF331212F6FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ams</emphasis>
|
||
, equal in length, and one short, digitate
|
||
<emphasis id="3B1ECE76175871659B0E13B11B41D658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods indistinct, narrow. Mandibles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="67A4C9D80507CF49C7B6830BAED98220" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two relatively long, piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="5773D2BBA68978A7A087299A4728202A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, located in distinct holes. Maxilla (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4659AB497E1427694FE847A6C5FB0AB" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17F</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with one
|
||
<emphasis id="1FF15F6603BE229A3926817CF6271F16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="A7CAB161AD4CC4D9CC6A58871345FCA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
and one sensillum, without
|
||
<emphasis id="FC20E12423C90E703C58E580D039A8D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="403DD1F744D41E2EE52E353B4FF3394D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">stps</emphasis>
|
||
and both
|
||
<emphasis id="726B61AE10BA782EFA471B0B6BFA67D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
long; mala with five moderately elongate digitate
|
||
<emphasis id="1453ABA33A4E1586F0AEEFDEFBBC2A84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">dms</emphasis>
|
||
; four
|
||
<emphasis id="714E2C69C9FD018B7E730F1D94D25F3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length, two setae short, and two setae very short. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres: 1:1.2. Praelabium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6C583305A22F0777C19440A4306420E0" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17F</figureCitation>
|
||
) oval, with one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="838B1BBBB12AB4A5E9880294C412F23A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; ligula with rounded margin and two very short
|
||
<emphasis id="C36B87B723049C974EB790D18703E743" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite broad, well visible. Postlabium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B85F2414F4635D8A3B869B6C4DEE5B3E" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensillium, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemma; setae: als - anteriolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lms - labral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - median, mpxs - maxillary palps, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662249" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">17F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three
|
||
<emphasis id="09159A18DD095D4FCAB5D852235A8F08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, short
|
||
<emphasis id="48C1F1A8A76D97972724FFF1035AC051" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms1</emphasis>
|
||
, very long
|
||
<emphasis id="BC66063CB0EF2005295F4FC46C7EE7CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms2</emphasis>
|
||
and short
|
||
<emphasis id="429EADE37C5A2BA4C77360E049CE5185" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pms3</emphasis>
|
||
, all located laterally; membranous area densely and distinctly asperate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4995D91AF6BE8E940BE2FBFA93F1AFC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="C31E41894CE49C0E50D29787E9EE1E76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="532934E7F5DC401A4CB657E94C18C9AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="88EFA892E565FB8B161BBCCB16148FE2" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with nine long and one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="CFA309ABAF38241FA44FA2154F190534" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prns</emphasis>
|
||
; two long
|
||
<emphasis id="E7882CB4C2736BDB7B16DE2F69C1B251" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and two very short
|
||
<emphasis id="24A65707CA9F3C061F96926A971F4735" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="64849BA5B228E147AD3535C9E2ECBED5" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="A8AFAC2EB82CDFDE61207D8B68FA1E3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium and two long
|
||
<emphasis id="87EACE0C8A0207F63B908A26163E8ED7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="3446DB1456DF0B7CE6302A95922B10D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
||
; two long and one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="A88D143062706813E7229B2D1F29E803" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBB13D2B15E70F0C87AE0587B533259" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="BD655D4B090125CF4451C0ED0CE9CD3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and one short
|
||
<emphasis id="AA60DD37A1CF4D4BB5A66F02EFFFCB45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7CED2EA29A33FA3106B82166CD6841B3" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well separated, with one long, two medium and two very short to minute
|
||
<emphasis id="B84E9F9A6DE33CBA159C3B3BBCE22246" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B3A8B6D3ABF78AF798958FBF8569B2B6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||
<paragraph id="5388BF4873EB41B4102D223ED7022AF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9E7CD93F1903DCA9C1AFB6F12333F43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B479034AA2C5E621200A8FEDC4262CB0" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="5667406C0264BD08A5EABA5F71BE5DC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron melanarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar) mature larva, habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="376ECC161C5DF31F57017F0234C02E4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
||
<emphasis id="D62F4D474EA1A81D493532D73DF34641" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
||
<emphasis id="6C1B4063382A9E28C13D0DB63ABE456C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th1-3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab1-10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="6DD505BBA3727DA47F3072FB7F066ADD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
||
- alar,
|
||
<emphasis id="18269D5B22636FDD55CAF62399E1E6C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
||
- dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8A0AD383821589694B43CCB94A787AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
||
- epipleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="33889720FFAE22AEDECDF7D65F7421BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
||
- eusternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="4E80A5F3811D9B576903A9D6B6F30B71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
- laterosternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="839F00FA9D6370D1DE8DCC28A99D7857" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pda</emphasis>
|
||
- pedal,
|
||
<emphasis id="84F4635CB6F9EABB2F95E773C4C54F25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
||
- postdorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="648E8CF803DDDB4B5FA85F6ADC195691" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prns</emphasis>
|
||
- pronotal,
|
||
<emphasis id="A999013DC3AD1A1D01830505507D38EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
||
- prodorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="F72AEFBD6AE392566E00FD8EB556EBFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
||
- spiracular,
|
||
<emphasis id="1DB51184326F8F50EC433040B5B47FEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
- pleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="DC66DD8B61367C18F174374624F63520" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sts</emphasis>
|
||
- sternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="4BC1B5C11336BB5C5699C46138CBFE54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ts</emphasis>
|
||
- terminal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E746957C384996ABE35B848C04B4415F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="7004595E02DF8512D4D8D1517165BE67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E54EFF00515327F17C0E9AF14AC0274" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spiracles on abdominal segments I-VI placed medially and functional, spiracles on abdominal segment VII not functional, and abdominal segment VIII with atrophied spiracles. Abdominal segments I-VI (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED26A186C8FDC279C562FFCA80BFAFA7" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="2599252FC718C20D136823C2DC093281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; one long and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="35CB67C03C3E1E084E6CF761D4F1310A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one long and one very short to minute
|
||
<emphasis id="AA1AC14086753BDAA79821894F161DB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="9437D4415E8404B69606AB8F7A11DD4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one relatively long
|
||
<emphasis id="27DB79F37A354BD44C9ACDDE5BB35C7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; without
|
||
<emphasis id="58EDECF0E19779E14D6A34AB3A3C4657" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
and two very short
|
||
<emphasis id="C365DC1D87B3D1047415707DBD2CCB58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segments VII-VIII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="39572E1B8584EE07E88A19D60D7C8CA2" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
) without
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCE0511AC26648B4C192A4EB87A4D37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; one long and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="E77601EB019475501AE330DB9A9AFFD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one very short to minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1A46DD402152E6FCABF45223A1E12569" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="2B8D2B7C68F4FAF1729B7909C9D3355A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one long
|
||
<emphasis id="542B89124E59510823D5B6E24CF8F628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and two very short
|
||
<emphasis id="08D57AB73BF94E602ADA95F5AA6C4210" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E49D04FED5B8447A68220C2EC80DB0B5" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one relatively long
|
||
<emphasis id="B6365DD79709275F8E6ACF3E2C2F0410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; one relatively long
|
||
<emphasis id="6A9821BF515F1A8B919E067A03F80407" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="740425A6302C7DD4839EBA3B6DC7A98A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment X (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="789155D78DF56C8AEB50EB964947170D" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VI-X. Abbreviations: Th 1 - 3 - numbers of thoracic segments, Ab 1 - 10 - numbers of abdominal segments; setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662250" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one very short seta (
|
||
<emphasis id="87BA1170143AD2801A77F2A2A108E1B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ts</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2981930563653D3472D9CAF9BD69B89" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6C177A454B4457F3614871EC61264BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7FDBFFF1F81DE2512875EC06DC9867A" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5939A02C173D97A1AA63FEE2BE5EBFFF" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662251" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">19A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="217B09D52883733BA33EE67D42E6FB1D" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662252" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">20A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1DBE257DB7B9739A67111D2578AB930F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 2.12-2.32. Body width: 1.25-1.32. Thorax width: 0.75-0.82.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5741F154EE0F9C0288C7C79836D4AB07" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF56CD8081DA41D25B9CCFEE0CD181A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDD22A2C288DDB2669A5B4D32E85A8D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Body</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yellowish, pronotal protuberances (p-pr) sclerotized, smooth; head, rostrum, antennae, dorsal parts of meso- and metanotum, and apical parts of femora brownish. Rostrum rather slender. Pronotal protuberances well separated. Pronotum 1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="58FCF64970F6F50E17AEE3548271020B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long. Mesonotum slightly smaller than metanotum. Urogomphi reduced, conical, with sclerotized apex. Abdominal segment VIII with conical abdominal protuberance dorsally (a-pr) having acute, sclerotized apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6E8A5C0A40C5626BF4E0915991B8C4A" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662251" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">19A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="04EEB96E95FFDF77983676C4C0FB9A2D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662251" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB7FA6658BF3D1B70A03C7B005D71F9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E2CBA214A2401406A723C99ECD0583B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="877274D54074AF7DB00D0DD554C126D0" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9B1E41711E02891A5C2C5AB568872F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron melanarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="7C68734D1933AEC32A2A6030933F44BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="90182CE21768DD959F49A5DD98F6B670" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="589D4B65E930E50F31FE672DCD7C33AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC509BAB1BCC9B3D53F84235875D9B11" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A273C29BEEEAC6378CDADA509EEE83A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AA8ED5861EF57A0E457FF2F6B08D67C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sparse, setae rather short to moderately elongate, transparent. Head with two
|
||
<emphasis id="87425760DEFF89B53B5DC2D156AA9728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">os</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length. Rostrum with one
|
||
<emphasis id="2DF1F90B98A09218C9A40DB416CF3F1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">rs</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on head and rostrum straight, as long as those on prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3692B6153F057A200B56279F0348C9F" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662252" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">20B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum with two
|
||
<emphasis id="6A3E045DE87C83770AE7D02D96DD0BA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="61A7EA9494A292036E83304C37856C1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="62E95ADBE3C41B23A517CB7055531301" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
||
and four
|
||
<emphasis id="F07EB826B9CEEBD43B4037AB85818BEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="DE8DFD3945CDBD068587F6A4E4CA86B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds1</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis id="1841CEF353A46C6A371D34E9FCCB7959" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="AA0CBD33B3139D542F8E0F1FB1B7D402" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ls2</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than other pronotal setae. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed medially. Apex of femora with two
|
||
<emphasis id="64FD77A93099910AA4B2ECFBBAFBF236" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fes</emphasis>
|
||
equal in length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="03965B24EAF7D724667BD52E1BBB9936" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662252" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">20A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal segments I-VIII with five short, equally long setae dorsally: first placed antero-medially, the others distributed in regular line along posterior margin of segment. All dorsal abdominal setae short, almost equal in length. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VIII with one elongated seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with three medium setae. Abdominal segment IX with two very short setae ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="94E20314A64C2FC55A6C18A60A40E13A" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Gymnetron melanarium (Germar) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662252" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">20A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94333DAA2D9D18B165C8A811745D29C8" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.78741.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/662252" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
||
<paragraph id="16B27A5A1C199ADB74C656DCB7CDDC28" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="D254810C4C601170E98BADA1BC51EEAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1E8B9170599D17DE547D412D80EAE31" baseAuthorityName="Germar" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Gymnetron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnetron melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FB1114062DDB274294E63DDD8105059" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gymnetron melanarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Germar) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="0516B37D7FD73677235779F3892D1150" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="ACA4C7F5820C8FE989BBF166A83E0691" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="F043031FE139A24CC09D89AE72FE99D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view. Abbreviations: a-pr - abdominal protuberances, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi; setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFEB8DB5341FB0A86A5B93C4F538F49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">as</emphasis>
|
||
- apical,
|
||
<emphasis id="8CAE4497313E2A868AE2D0FA5AB7856B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">d</emphasis>
|
||
- dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="82F3E5919326C01B473E15A11D0EF165" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ds</emphasis>
|
||
- discal,
|
||
<emphasis id="A856BDAC9767DD38AE536788E2949253" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fes</emphasis>
|
||
- femoral,
|
||
<emphasis id="40138B4DC54054212E3ACFF095C6BF67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">l</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="113E7E28CED7802D6A1D46606C5B826A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">ls</emphasis>
|
||
- lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="6031F5E3D65526AAB4AE23993CB86573" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">os</emphasis>
|
||
- orbital,
|
||
<emphasis id="C17510FEBF7DB8B8C5BF031EDB8337AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pls</emphasis>
|
||
- posterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="5397B16705903FAA5DA547787331D26C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">rs</emphasis>
|
||
- rostral,
|
||
<emphasis id="69A603A5036D16E48925109B61B41535" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">v</emphasis>
|
||
- ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7437A4859A45572F0101371CCAAAE422" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="033438AAA95280F3B087CA17B6B3F1EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EE3A882D75C83ECC696A1054AC4839E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Previously the larva of this species was observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="698B7401DD61DD946A951ED86C239E74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica serpyllifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serpyllifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="52CE3A69C510BC2CD50DCDCD5CAE299A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Veronica serpyllifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., on the stems where it produces a small uni- or bilocular gall in which metamorphosis takes place. The adult emerges from the gall at the end of summer and hibernates in the soil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A9DEEBB965C40A5B7FA2F73D0E99704" author="Hustache, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="399 - 435" refId="B21" refString="Hustache, A, 1931. Curculionidae Gallo-Rhenans. Mecinini. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 100: 399 - 435" title="Curculionidae Gallo-Rhenans. Mecinini." volume="100" year="1931">Hustache 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EC983A1AB5571C74C780134BC5D39EFE" author="Hoffmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Faune de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1209 - 1839" refId="B20" refString="Hoffmann, A, 1958. Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Faune de France 62: 1209 - 1839" title="Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie)." volume="62" year="1958">Hoffmann 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The adult has also been collected on other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B91F2CAFFD44F4FBCDFDF2AED895EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2754CCE0FD355DA0FDC9C46CFFC027D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Veronica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B49D09AC4CDFE3903D4D2231906188B6" lsidName="V. agrestis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="agrestis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3DD89139F9560759EE72AA3128278E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">V. agrestis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="891B86003AD3A89E534A09B4B2B0FBD9" authority="subsp. austriaca" lsidName="V. austriaca subsp. austriaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="subSpecies" species="austriaca" subSpecies="austriaca">V. austriaca subsp. austriaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="277B40107064D1251BE84A0645E4C50E" lsidName="V. chamaedrys" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="chamaedrys">
|
||
<emphasis id="49302AFACFEB392710E19F1CF3633652" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">V. chamaedrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F771A202934E2299F37D93B8EF518782" lsidName="V. officinalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3517EBC69780B6A71C503275885D9CCF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">V. officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C40A1D3786DF1F253CAF80F620F92ECE" lsidName="V. teucrium" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="teucrium">
|
||
<emphasis id="749FC431F5F86465D591CCE5461BB513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">V. teucrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) D.A. Webb (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="02F5E1326AA04B010566DFCA614DAE98" author="Hoffmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Faune de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1209 - 1839" refId="B20" refString="Hoffmann, A, 1958. Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Faune de France 62: 1209 - 1839" title="Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie)." volume="62" year="1958">Hoffmann 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D55FD0BDC97FE3FAC3AB783F1DD88B4E" author="Koch, K" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B24" refString="Koch, K, 1992. Die Kaefer Mitteleuropas. Vol. 3 (Oekologie). Goecke & Evers, Krefeld" title="Die Kaefer Mitteleuropas. Vol. 3 (Oekologie)." year="1992">Koch 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87C6D30E69CF302EA6106C72EDD9CC58" author="Sprick, P" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="73 - 104" refId="B43" refString="Sprick, P, 1997. Beitraege zur Oekologie phytophager Kaefer (Col. Chrysomelidae, Curculionoidea). II. Plausibilitaetspruefungen von Wirtspflanzenangaben bei phytophagen Kaefern unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung sekuendaerer Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe. Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rheinischer Koleopterologen 7 (2): 73 - 104" title="Beitraege zur Oekologie phytophager Kaefer (Col. Chrysomelidae, Curculionoidea). II. Plausibilitaetspruefungen von Wirtspflanzenangaben bei phytophagen Kaefern unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung sekuendaerer Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe." volume="7" year="1997">Sprick 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Serbia, the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2404AD7199BC9E100059BB84E95AF43" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. melanarium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B867BF80DDBA0B7905CDBE222D4E1381" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. melanarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the seed capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="286BBBAA94FD265A89A722B8BAC654F6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="austriaca" subSpecies="jacquinii">Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baumg.) Watzl, which is new information. Nearly 90% of the seed capsules are infested with one or two larvae. The larvae are seed feeders and development occurs in the basal part of the strongly flattened, glossy and glabrous seed capsules with no visible sign of larval presence. Oviposition takes place from mid-May onwards and the new generation of adults emerges during July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B24DFF2AE2E276442ED70499FC5E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="81B5FBDF595241BA9F3873332E1BD42C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79D38C566A68FEE7FBF5D6538E265885" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
This species belongs to a group of very similar species characterized by slender subrectangular elytra, rostrum in lateral view tapered from the antennal insertion to the apex, and short protibiae in the female. There are no particular phylogenetic affinities with the adult (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC801809FF4A1A55DF7C6B9FBD5B8C61" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Aldrovandia" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="27 - 104" refId="B7" refString="Caldara, R, 2008a. Revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Gymnetron (Insecta, Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Aldrovandia 4: 27 - 104" title="Revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Gymnetron (Insecta, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="4" year="2008 a">Caldara 2008a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pupal stages (abdominal protuberance short, triangular, head with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="D2E9FFF606818A34318D280A950EF2A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">os</emphasis>
|
||
) of the other species described here. By contrast, the larvae share several characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A84610A12AE3C94D7A293695AADE810" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. rotundicolle" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundicolle">
|
||
<emphasis id="72C89A42BB10F065B19D635B1F3DB5D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">G. rotundicolle</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., the praedorsal segment on abdominal segments with one
|
||
<emphasis id="25CBA171379904D3423087B5FECEB3B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, the epicranium lacking
|
||
<emphasis id="82F25E5BC2640F099CB162AE8CDE5561" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">fs3</emphasis>
|
||
, and the conical layout of the labral setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |