302 lines
70 KiB
XML
302 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="DB316ECA7AED9B01E3943FA0A0F4F5D8" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240054" ID-ZooBank="88445152-50C8-42E7-A552-CC368E75C2F8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716361374883" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Križanová, Františka Rataj & Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2024" docId="391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad079.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Halichaetoderma aureum Križanová & Vďačný 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="C522FFAEFFC4FFF5FFC9FFC0E77BFF96" masterDocTitle="A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1716361908893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3324F7BC7F237B71A26BEFA02689556A">A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4F821A901AE328837C2CF9256C42E27">Križanová, Františka Rataj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D95F12F70C10497E4B06F21A858653AE">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0263DD7572FDAB3320156C94D14FD173" type="email">peter.vdacny@uniba.sk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A20BF595CE9F276F3AA20BA251AB25DF">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C38C6E30E050F4152624AE68C917ADF0">
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<mods:date id="7FF9D2F80B3B87D5C84F57628A49DE48">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5C037F2755BCB1B1A8EEFAD08CD5EC21">2023-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="177F1E02C0C295CCECB0C8C22FE43FAF">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5D22AC225DAA060943F34863CB5BF985">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7F6BE931844E37ABF3CDBBBD6CBADBF9" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FDEA50C9622AF2FD47CBBCC4C3E40A0" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFECFFDDFED5FEE5E516FED6" box="[284,621,293,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFED5FEE5E516FED6" blockId="40.[284,621,293,320]" box="[284,621,293,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="EA4581ACFFECFFDDFED5FEE5E516FED6" bold="true" box="[284,621,293,320]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFED5FEE5E516FED6" bold="true" box="[284,621,293,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFECFFDDFED5FEE5E566FED6" ID-CoL="BV38W" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[284,541,293,320]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="aureum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFED5FEE5E566FED6" bold="true" box="[284,541,293,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Halichaetoderma aureum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFECFFDDFDE8FEE6E516FED6" box="[545,621,294,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFECFFDFFF6CFEA4E5E4F82C" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF6CFEA4E684FE0B" blockId="40.[165,741,356,414]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF6CFEA4E684FE0B" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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(
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFF66FEA4E65DFEE8" box="[175,294,356,382]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFEF9FEA4E604FEE8" box="[304,383,356,382]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">27A–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFE43FEA4E6A8FEE8" box="[394,467,356,382]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28A–E</figureCitation>
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; Supporting Information, Table S15)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48FE75E688FE7A" blockId="40.[129,777,437,492]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF48FE75E614FE5A" box="[129,367,437,461]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="C5233AC2FFECFFDDFE59FE75E694FE7A" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="C5140C15FFECFFDDFD59FE75E694FE7A" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">70C22347- 0A53-4236-BDC0-7A443FB534E9</uuid>
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</uri>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48FDC1E58FFBBB" blockId="40.[129,778,512,1069]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF48FDC1E60CFD8F" box="[129,375,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Morphological diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body stocky and about 105 µm long. Head narrower than trunk and separated from it by a distinct neck constriction. Cephalion clearly demarcated, epipleurae and hypopleurae marked in head outline. Ocellar granules absent. Mouth ventroterminal, without cuticular teeth. Pharynx with reinforcements. Intestine straight, with marked anterior section. Scales partially overlapping, distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, 30 scales per central column.
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<specimenCount id="A7B4FD49FFECFFDDFD11FD1CE7C3FC82" count="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="generic" typeStatus="types">Four types</specimenCount>
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of keeled scales on dorsal and lateral body sides: (i) head scales elongated oval, (ii) neck and trunk scales oblong with truncated posterior end, (iii) dorsolateral trunk scales roughly hexagonal with rounded edges, and (iv) lateral scales broadly tongue-shaped. Ventral interciliary field scales narrowly oblong and keeled. Furca base short, furcal indentation U-shaped, adhesive tubes long and almost straight. Upper-furcal region dorsally covered with oblong, anteriorly bluntly acute, and posteriorly truncated scales. Upper-furcal region ventrally covered with a pair of big, keeled, claviform, and posteriorly truncated scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48FB8EE503FA6B" blockId="40.[129,778,1102,1534]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF48FB8EE632FBF0" box="[129,329,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Molecular diagnosis:</emphasis>
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18S rRNA gene: 121 G, 130 T, 132 A, 298 C, 483 G, 492 T, 496 C, 498 A, 499 C, 504 C, 508 C, 546 A, 592 T, 688 T, 740 C, 800 T, 825 G, 861 C, 871 C, 1064 A, 1068 A, 1069 T, 1210 G, 1263 C, 1318 C, 1321 G, 1325 G, 1328 T, 1330 A, 1361 T, 1362 T, 1374 A, 1383 A, 1384 A, 1506 T, 1528 G, 1559 C, 1580 G, 1626 T. 28S rRNA gene: 325 G, 444 A, 513 T, 527 G, 532 T, 570 T, 628 A, 631 C, 656 T, 688 A, 695 T, 697 A, 722 A, 777 A, 808 G, 810 T, 811 G.
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFE2BFAEAE575FAD7" box="[482,526,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">COI</emphasis>
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(codon ordinal numbers are followed by the corresponding span of nucleotide positions in parentheses): 47 (139–141) GCA, 65 (193–195) TTA, 75 (223–225) GGC, 96 (286–288) ATT, 97 (289–291) ATT, 126 (376–378) GGT, 139 (415–417) ATT. Reference molecules are shown in Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFE24FA06E541FA48" box="[493,570,1478,1502]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[115,1458,146,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-8@11.[114,1458,144,1734]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of chaetonotids based on 18S, 28S, and COI sequences.Only the highlighted part of the inset phylogram is shown. The lower half of the phylogram is presented in Figure 6. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood conducted in IQ-TREE and posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference conducted in MrBayes were mapped onto the best scoring maximum likelihood tree. Fully statistically supported nodes are marked with black solid circles.Sequences in bold were obtained during this study.The scale bar denotes four substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240064/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs S5</figureCitation>
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, S
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFD9CFA07E515FA49" box="[597,622,1479,1503]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">11</figureCitation>
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. All diagnostic molecular autapomorphies are marked by arrows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48F9D0E675F9F0" blockId="40.[129,778,1552,1638]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFF48F9D0E7CAF9B1" box="[129,177,1552,1575]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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<location id="B46D601BFFECFFDDFED3F9D0E6A4F9BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C:B46D601BFFECFFDDFED3F9D0E6A4F9BE" box="[282,479,1552,1576]" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.188084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.190083" municipality="Bratislava" name="Zlate Piesky Lake" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Zlaté Piesky Lake</location>
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, municipal recreation area,
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<location id="B46D601BFFECFFDDFF48F9EFE7ACF9D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C:B46D601BFFECFFDDFF48F9EFE7ACF9D1" box="[129,215,1583,1607]" county="Podunajska" latitude="48.188084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.190083" municipality="Bratislava" name="Ruzinov" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Ružinov</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFECFFDDFF20F9EFE635F9D1" box="[233,334,1583,1607]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="586C4E4CFFECFFDDFE96F9EFE6AEF9D1" box="[351,469,1583,1607]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Podunajská</collectingCounty>
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rovina plain,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D4865007FFECFFDDFF48F98EE670F9F0" box="[129,267,1613,1638]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" precision="1" seconds="24.3" value="17.190083">17°11ʹ24.3″E</geoCoordinate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48F9B8E6E8F8BA" blockId="40.[129,778,1656,1837]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF48F9B8E639F906" box="[129,322,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFECFFDDFE83F9B8E6FEF8BB" county="Comenius University in Bratislava" location="Photomicrographs" municipality="Department of Zoology" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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The
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFEB1F9B8E6AFF906" box="[376,468,1656,1680]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(adult) was destroyed during DNA extraction.
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<specimenCount id="A7B4FD49FFECFFDDFEF5F958E6A3F926" box="[316,472,1688,1712]" count="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">Two paratypes</specimenCount>
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(adults, CU-FNS-14-02-20/ PA-1 and CU-FNS-17-02-20/PA-2) are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFDBFF977E478F959" box="[630,771,1719,1743]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figure 28A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFECFFDDFF48F916E63BF978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFECFFDFFED5FEE5E5E4F82C:B46D601BFFECFFDDFF48F916E63BF978" box="[129,320,1750,1774]" county="Comenius University in Bratislava" municipality="Department of Zoology" name="Photomicrographs" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Photomicrographs</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFEA9F917E6B8F979" box="[352,451,1751,1775]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are available at the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFECFFDDFD45F917E78CF898" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Department of Zoology</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="586C4E4CFFECFFDDFECDF936E510F898" box="[260,619,1782,1806]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Comenius University in Bratislava</collectingCounty>
|
||
at https://fns. uniba.sk/en/gastrotricha
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFF48F88FE781F852" blockId="40.[129,777,1870,1988]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFF48F88FE676F8F0" box="[129,269,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFECFFDDFEDBF88FE78DF852" collectorName="ID Collection Code" country="Slovakia" location="Slovakia" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
A DNA sample of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFE26F88EE530F8F0" box="[495,587,1870,1894]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen ZPvs 21 has been deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06 Bratislava,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFECFFDDFE01F84DE566F833" box="[456,541,1933,1957]" name="Slovakia" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="1C475316FFECFFDDFDF9F84DE472F833" box="[560,777,1933,1957]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">ID Collection Code</collectorName>
|
||
01427589)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FF50E39DFEB3" blockId="40.[825,1474,143,293]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFCF0FF50E4A5FF31" box="[825,990,144,167]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Gene sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
The nuclear 18S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S rDNA sequences, as well as the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFAE7FF6FE221FF50" box="[1326,1370,175,198]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFC4FFF0EE499FF70" box="[902,994,206,230]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen ZPvs 21, have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OQ358145, OQ358134, and OQ354337, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FE86E318FE2A" blockId="40.[825,1474,326,444]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFCF0FE86E4D3FEC8" box="[825,936,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFBBCFE87E3DBFEC8" box="[1141,1184,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">aure</emphasis>
|
||
·
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFB6FFE87E3C0FEC8" box="[1190,1211,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">us</emphasis>
|
||
, -
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFB04FE87E3A2FEC8" box="[1229,1241,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">a</emphasis>
|
||
, -
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFB25FE87E277FEC8" box="[1260,1292,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">um</emphasis>
|
||
(m, f, n) (golden) refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFC0BFEA6E48BFEE8" box="[962,1008,358,382]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Zlaté piesky (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFB28FEA6E215FEEB" box="[1249,1390,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Arēnae aureae</emphasis>
|
||
, golden sands), as well as to the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FE1EE2ECFD66" blockId="40.[825,1474,477,752]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFCF0FE1EE4CBFE63" box="[825,944,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFECFFDDFBDFFE1EE26BFE63" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[1046,1296,478,502]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="aureum">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFBDFFE1EE26BFE63" box="[1046,1296,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Halichaetoderma aureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped body. The head–neck transition is well marked. The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form. Dorsal sensory bristles were not observed. The furcal indentation is U-shaped. The furca branches are set apart and bear well-developed, relatively long (8.5–10.7 μm), and almost parallel adhesive tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFB10FD18E236FD66" box="[1241,1357,728,752]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFA91FD18E2FDFD66" box="[1368,1414,728,752]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">27H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FCD2E417FCBC" blockId="40.[825,876,786,810]" box="[825,876,786,810]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Head</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FCF7E4DBFB50" blockId="40.[825,1474,823,1222]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
The head is five-lobed. The cephalion is conspicuous, extends from U1 to U3, and is about 9.4 μm long, with a free posterior (dorsal) edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFC14FCB5E326FC1B" box="[989,1117,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFBA4FCB5E3E7FC1B" box="[1133,1180,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">27H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFB65FCB5E3A3FC1B" box="[1196,1240,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epipleurae and hypopleurae are situated approximately at U3–U6 and U7– U11, respectively. The hypopleurae are more developed than the epipleurae. Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts emerge laterally between the cephalion and the epipleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFAB2FC33E2F1FB9C" box="[1403,1418,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3), as well as between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFECFFDDFBE5FBD2E32FFBBC" box="[1068,1108,1042,1066]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323" type="epitype">epi-</typeStatus>
|
||
and the hypopleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFA49FBD3E2EBFBBC" box="[1408,1424,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U6) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFC8DFBF1E4B8FBDF" box="[836,963,1073,1097]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFC1AFBF1E487FBDF" box="[979,1020,1073,1097]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar granules are absent. The mouth ring is oval, approximately 5.5 μm in the largest diameter, and located ventroterminally at U1–U4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFB18FBB0E249FB1E" box="[1233,1330,1136,1160]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFA8DFBB0E208FB1E" box="[1348,1395,1136,1160]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">27H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFA4CFBB0E2CAFB1E" box="[1413,1457,1136,1160]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cuticular teeth are not present. The hypostomium was not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FB28E484FA96" blockId="40.[825,1023,1256,1280]" box="[825,1023,1256,1280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Internal morphology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0FACDE3ADF9A9" blockId="40.[825,1474,1293,1599]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
The pharynx extends from
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFB94FACDE317FAB2" box="[1117,1132,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and has anteriorly placed reinforcements. It has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations. The posterior dilatations are wider than the anterior ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFAADFAABE2C6FA15" box="[1380,1469,1387,1411]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFCF0FA4AE413FA34" box="[825,872,1418,1442]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">27H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFCBEFA4AE4BFFA34" box="[887,964,1418,1442]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pharynx smoothly continues through the pharyngeal–intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFCBEFA28E4AFF996" box="[887,980,1512,1536]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Figs 27H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFC16FA28E371F996" box="[991,1034,1512,1536]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired adhesive glands (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFADEFA29E25DF996" box="[1303,1318,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U85–U92) are placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0F9AEE408F910" blockId="40.[825,883,1646,1670]" box="[825,883,1646,1670]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Scales</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFECFFDDFCF0F953E3D8F853" blockId="40.[825,1474,1683,1989]" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">
|
||
Almost the entire body is covered by partially overlapping scales that adhere to the basal cuticle layer along most or all of their perimeter. All scales are keeled. Scales are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFA8AF8F0E229F8D1" box="[1347,1362,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3). They run almost along the whole body length till U94 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFA9EF88FE2CAF8F1" box="[1367,1457,1871,1895]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base at
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFECFFDDFC4CF84EE4EFF833" box="[901,916,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U93. There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFECFFDDFBF6F86DE3E9F852" box="[1087,1170,1964,1989]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="323">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFEDFFDCFFB8F93BE6E5F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="324" startId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" targetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFEDFFDCFFB8F93BE6E5F841" blockId="41.[113,1443,1787,2007]" pageId="41" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEDFFDCFFB8F93BE7AEF885" bold="true" box="[113,213,1787,1811]" pageId="41" pageNumber="324">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFEDFFDCFF10F93BE6C4F885" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[217,447,1787,1811]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="41" pageNumber="324" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="aureum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEDFFDCFF10F93BE6C4F885" box="[217,447,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="324">Halichaetoderma aureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFEDFFDCFE0DF93BE571F884" box="[452,522,1787,1810]" pageId="41" pageNumber="324" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette. The head is five-lobed. The head-neck transition is wellmarked. The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form. Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion. They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base. There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side. ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae. Scale bar = 30 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFEEFFDFFF48FB45E5DAFA9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325" startId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" targetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFEEFFDFFF48FB45E5DAFA9B" blockId="42.[129,1457,1157,1293]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEEFFDFFF48FB45E79EFB0B" bold="true" box="[129,229,1157,1181]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFEEFFDFFF20FB45E6B4FB0B" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,463,1157,1181]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="42" pageNumber="325" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="aureum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEEFFDFFF20FB45E6B4FB0B" box="[233,463,1157,1181]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Halichaetoderma aureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFEEFFDFFE1DFB46E561FB0B" box="[468,538,1158,1181]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong. F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated. H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFEEFFDFFF55FAEFE5BBF936" blockId="42.[129,778,1327,1696]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The head carries elongated, considerably narrow scales (2.84–3.60 × 1.01–1.63 μm) from
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEEFFDFFE23FA8FE682FAF0" box="[490,505,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3 up to U23 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFD6EFA8EE479FAF0" box="[679,770,1358,1382]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Figs 27A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFF48FAAEE7D2FA10" box="[129,169,1390,1414]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">28B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The neck and the trunk bear oblong, posteriorly truncated scales that increase in size in a posterior direction (neck: 3.32– 4.63 × 1.49–1.68 μm, trunk: 4.30–5.50 × 2.00–2.89 μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFD2AFA6CE7D2FA72" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsolateral sides of the trunk carry roughly hexagonal scales with rounded edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFE6CFA2BE578F995" box="[421,515,1515,1539]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Figs 27D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFDD9FA2BE542F995" box="[528,569,1515,1539]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">28E</figureCitation>
|
||
), which start at the edge of the cephalion and continue till
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFEEFFDFFDCEF9CBE56CF9B4" box="[519,535,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U94. Trunk lateral rows consist of broadly tongue-shaped scales with a truncated posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFF3EF989E634F9F7" box="[247,335,1609,1633]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The furca base (U90) is dorsally covered with a pair of big (4.6–4.9 × 1.4–1.7 μm), oblong, anteriorly bluntly acute and posteriorly truncated scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFD95F947E5CBF936" box="[604,688,1671,1696]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFEEFFDFFF48F901E532F94F" blockId="42.[129,778,1729,1978]" box="[129,585,1729,1753]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Ventral ciliary bands and ventral interciliary field</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFEEFFDFFF48F925E5E4F82C" blockId="42.[129,778,1729,1978]" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Ventral ciliary bands commence at U7 and continue to U85. The interciliary field bears only
|
||
<specimenCount id="A7B4FD49FFEEFFDFFE50F8C5E68FF88B" box="[409,500,1797,1821]" count="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="325" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
|
||
of scales that are very narrowly oblong, keeled, and 3.05–3.42 × 0.91–1.14 μm in size. They form up to six longitudinal and regularly arranged rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFD67F883E478F8CD" box="[686,771,1859,1883]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[113,178,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,146,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-7@41.[114,1458,145,1753]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. B, ventral overview showing the keel and ciliary pattern. The body is about 105 µm long and has a stocky tenpin-shaped silhouette.The head is five-lobed.The head-neck transition is wellmarked.The trunk is bulbous and wider than the head, gradually dilating from about U27 to U56, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form.Almost the entire body is covered by keeled scales that are distributed in 20 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 30 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion.They run almost along the whole body length till U94. Ventrolateral rows commence at U10 and terminate at the furca base.There are about four to five ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; hyp, hypopleurae.Scale bar = 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240106/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Figs 26B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFF48F8A3E7D2F8ED" box="[129,169,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">27E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFF7DF8A3E79BF8ED" box="[180,224,1891,1915]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="43.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@43.[114,1458,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 28. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, optical section showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from c. U3 to U28, is 33 μm long and 6.5–11.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U29–U32) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U87. Note the golden appearance of the intestine content caused by ingested algae. B, surface view showing the head narrowly oblong scales. C, optical section of the head, showing the pharynx and the cephalion with a free posterior edge.The pharynx has two dilatations, the posterior dilatation is wider than the anterior one. D, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong and keeled. Note that the interciliary field scales are regularly arranged, forming up to six longitudinal rows. E, dorsal trunk scales are oblong with a truncated posterior end. ceph, cephalion; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; sc, sensoric cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (A, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240112/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">28D</figureCitation>
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). The central part of the upper-furcal region is ventrally covered with a pair of big (5.41–6.58 × 2.28–3.14 µm), keeled, claviform, and posteriorly truncated scales (
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFEEFFDFFDF1F861E5F4F82C" box="[568,655,1953,1978]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1157,1181]" captionTargetBox="[130,1472,146,1127]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[129,1473,145,1128]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. A, head dorsal scales are narrowly oblong. B, C, trunk dorsal and lateral scales are broadly tongueshaped with a truncated posterior end. D, trunk dorsolateral scales are roughly hexagonal with rounded edges. E, interciliary field scales are narrowly oblong.F, upper-furcal dorsal scales are oblong with a bluntly acute anterior end and a truncated posterior end. G, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, claviform, and posteriorly truncated.H, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; int, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240110/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="325">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |