208 lines
28 KiB
XML
208 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="3BA4D1F4D355EA1FE5D773CD9E9E199B" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240054" ID-ZooBank="88445152-50C8-42E7-A552-CC368E75C2F8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716361374883" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Križanová, Františka Rataj & Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2024" docId="391B87D6FFD9FFD5FC2EFADBE6FBFAE8" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad079.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Halichaetoderma Križanová & Vďačný 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="C522FFAEFFC4FFF5FFC9FFC0E77BFF96" masterDocTitle="A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="312" updateTime="1716361908893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="30784D7C429144025A5BA4DF4A553D93">A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D262093DCC27346F86E19304406C0D70">Križanová, Františka Rataj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C59E27444A12F163DF57817D6599832">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="98F5EEF0D8321BCE9C599EDE65BA56C8" type="email">peter.vdacny@uniba.sk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="20AB277DD8CE01D4851BED3E7481786D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="400979EA26DA06E429204BEF5C1DCCDF">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9691D224E851B0DBE191B03831A03435">
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<mods:date id="B1F95AFA88ADD02DBF2C76FF03ADABFD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A932DDA3A5F4E09A22973190837D5E42">2023-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C12D5A57F8C56F2F0A1AC068AF5F5123">200</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BB44FA8E57D105403F11AE59D9A1186F">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="549FDB627256C21D55705897356DA34A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="23039493208A20CCB04FF8E91CE3874B" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="42B46158039D772C4473EB6E599A34F1" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="391B87D6FFD9FFD5FC2EFADBE6FBFAE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD9FFD5FC2EFADBE6FBFAE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/391B87D6FFD9FFD5FC2EFADBE6FBFAE8" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE3E7FA05" pageId="29" pageNumber="312" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE38DFAA0" blockId="29.[999,1270,1307,1334]" box="[999,1270,1307,1334]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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<heading id="EA4581ACFFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE38DFAA0" bold="true" box="[999,1270,1307,1334]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="312" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE38DFAA0" bold="true" box="[999,1270,1307,1334]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE3EDFAA0" ID-CoL="BV38V" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[999,1174,1307,1334]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="312" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD9FFE8FC2EFADBE3EDFAA0" bold="true" box="[999,1174,1307,1334]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD9FFE8FB53FADCE38DFAA0" box="[1178,1270,1308,1334]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD9FFE8FCE3FA9CE3E7FA05" blockId="29.[810,1459,1372,1427]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD9FFE8FCE3FA9CE369FAE2" box="[810,1042,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="C5233AC2FFD9FFE8FBE2FA9CE3E3FA05" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="C5140C15FFD9FFE8FAE5FA9CE3E3FA05" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">CC06AC83- F400-4AB1-9A8E-9742D710EFB7</uuid>
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</uri>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFD9FFD5FCE3FA75E6FBFAE8" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="29" pageNumber="312" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD9FFE8FCE3FA75E22BF854" blockId="29.[810,1460,1461,1986]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD9FFE8FCE3FA75E4F6FA5A" box="[810,909,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body tenpin-shaped and 88–120 µm long. Head distinctly five-lobed, cephalion, epipleurae, and hypopleurae well marked in the head outline. Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts. Mouth ring located ventroterminally, with well-developed rod-like reinforcements and none to three cuticular teeth. Pharynx with anterior and posterior dilatations, as well as with reinforcements. Dorsal, dorsolateral, lateral, and posterior ventral sides of body covered with comparatively small, oval to hexagonal, spineless scales with distinct keels. Scales located close to one another, mostly with overlapping edges. Number of dorsal alternating columns of scales distinctly higher than number of scales in central longitudinal column. Dorsal sensory bristles (setolae) absent or in up to three pairs, posteriormost pair on double-keeled, cordiform scales.Furca base clearly marked.Adhesive tubes thick and tapering toward distal end. Ventral intercilliary field almost naked or scaled. Dorsal upper-furcal region covered by comparatively large scales with keels. Ciliary bands enlarged anteriorly. Freshwater.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E5CD6648FFDAFFEBFF48F8D6E218F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240092/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="313" startId="30.[129,193,1814,1838]" targetBox="[131,1472,145,1785]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDAFFEBFF48F8D6E218F82C" blockId="30.[129,1474,1814,1978]" pageId="30" pageNumber="313">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDAFFEBFF48F8D6E79FF8B8" bold="true" box="[129,228,1814,1838]" pageId="30" pageNumber="313">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDAFFEBFF21F8D6E69AF8B8" authorityName="Kisielewski" authorityYear="1981" box="[232,481,1814,1838]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="30" pageNumber="313" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="macrops">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDAFFEBFF21F8D6E69AF8B8" box="[232,481,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="313">Heterolepidoderma macrops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. The body is about 120 µm long and has a slender tenpinshaped silhouette, with a clearly defined head region, a narrowing neck, and a bulbous trunk. The furcal indentation is narrowly helmet-like in shape. The furca branches bear well-developed adhesive tubes. B, head dorsal scales are keeled and oblong. C, mouth and under-mouth region. D, sensory bristle arises from a bulbous papilla. E, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong. F, upper-furcal scales are keeled, oblong, and roughly hexagonal with all edges rounded. G, furca appendage ventral scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. H, furca base dorsal scales are relatively large and oval. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; hs, hypostomium; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="E5CD6648FFDBFFEAFFB8F92CE589F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240094/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="314" startId="31.[113,178,1772,1796]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,1744]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDBFFEAFFB8F92CE21CF892" blockId="31.[113,1458,1772,1992]" box="[113,1383,1772,1796]" pageId="31" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDBFFEAFFB8F92CE7ADF892" bold="true" box="[113,214,1772,1796]" pageId="31" pageNumber="314">Figure 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDBFFEAFF13F92CE6ACF892" authorityName="Kisielewski" authorityYear="1981" box="[218,471,1772,1796]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="31" pageNumber="314" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="macrops">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDBFFEAFF13F92CE6ACF892" box="[218,471,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="314">Heterolepidoderma macrops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, lateral overview showing the internal morphology. The pharynx extends from
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDBFFEAFB1FF92DE3A4F892" box="[1238,1247,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="314">c</emphasis>
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. U3 to U27, is
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDBFFEAFFB8F8C8E589F85E" blockId="31.[113,1458,1772,1992]" pageId="31" pageNumber="314">35 μm long and 5.9–8.6 μm wide, and smoothly continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U28–U31) of the intestine, which extends from U32 to U85. B, detail of the head region showing the cephalion with a free posterior edge. The mouth ring is oval, approximately 6.9 μm in the largest diameter, and located ventroterminally at U1–U4. C, sensory bristle arises from a bulbous papilla. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and narrowly oblong. E, ventrolateral view of the anterior body region. Note the mouth ring and the hypopleurae. F, dorsolateral view of the posterior body region. Arrowhead denotes the relatively large and oval scale at the transition between the furca base and the furca appendages. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion; hyp, hypopleura; m, mouth; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia. Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D), 10 µm (B), 15 µm (E, F), 25 µm (A).</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFE4FFD5FF48FF50E471FEF5" blockId="32.[129,778,144,356]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF48FF50E633FF3E" box="[129,328,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Molecular diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFE4FFD5FE87FF50E47DFEF5" collectionCode="T" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" specimenCount="1">
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18S rRNA gene: 649
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<collectionCode id="D7A3AE05FFE4FFD5FDE3FF50E541FF31" box="[554,570,144,167]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">T</collectionCode>
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, 681
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<collectionCode id="D7A3AE05FFE4FFD5FDB8FF50E5FAFF31" box="[625,641,144,167]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">T</collectionCode>
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, 684 A, 1263 C, 1492 A. 28S rRNA gene: 564 C, 804 C, 922 C, 950 C, 951 A, 952 G.
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF3FFF0FE659FF70" box="[246,290,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">COI</emphasis>
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(codon ordinal numbers are followed by the corresponding span of nucleotide positions in parentheses): 23 (67–69) TTA. All diagnostic molecular synapomorphies were mapped on the reference molecules of the
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFE4FFD5FD4DFEEDE5C9FED3" box="[644,690,301,325]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">type</typeStatus>
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species,
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FF48FE8CE604FEF2" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,383,332,356]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="fluviatile" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF48FE8CE604FEF2" box="[129,383,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma fluviatile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFE4FFD5FE4DFE8CE6ABFEF5" box="[388,464,332,355]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and are marked by thin arrows
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFE4FFD5FF48FE46E689FE2B" blockId="32.[129,777,389,445]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">
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||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF48FE46E578FE0B" box="[129,515,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">
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||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFE4FFD5FF48FE46E7CAFE0B" box="[129,177,390,413]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FECBFE45E578FE0B" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[258,515,389,413]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="fluviatile" status="sp. nov.">Halichaetoderma fluviatile</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFE4FFD5FDC0FE46E52EFE0B" box="[521,597,390,413]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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by original designation (Article 68.2 of
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<bibRefCitation id="D5234B31FFE4FFD5FEA0FE65E699FE2B" author="ICZN & International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" box="[361,482,421,445]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" refId="ref31813" refString="ICZN. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature; 1999. https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-code-online / (20 January 2023, date last accessed)." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFE4FFD5FF48FE1EE5C1FD05" blockId="32.[128,778,478,659]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF48FE1EE78BFE60" box="[129,240,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Etymology:</emphasis>
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A composite of the stem of the Ancient Greek adjective
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF62FE3DE78BFD83" box="[171,240,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">hálinos</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF36FE3DE640FD80" box="[255,315,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">ἅλῐνος</emphasis>
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(m), of salt], the thematic vowel ·
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FD44FE3EE5E0FD83" box="[653,667,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">i-</emphasis>
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||
, the Greek noun
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF08FDDDE786FDA3" box="[193,253,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">khaítē</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FED8FDDCE63FFDA2" box="[273,324,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">ΧΑίτη</emphasis>
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(f), flowing hair], and the Ancient Greek noun
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF09FDFCE784FDC2" box="[192,255,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">dérma</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FEDAFDFBE630FDC2" box="[275,331,571,596]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">δέΡμᾰ</emphasis>
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(n), skin], referring to the morphological similarity to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FEADFD9BE565FDE5" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1927" box="[356,542,603,627]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FEADFD9BE565FDE5" box="[356,542,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Heterolepidoderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and close phylogenetic relatedness to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FEB1FDBBE56DFD05" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1936" box="[376,534,635,659]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FEB1FDBBE56DFD05" box="[376,534,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neuter gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFE4FFD5FF49FD74E6FBFAE8" blockId="32.[128,778,692,1406]" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF49FD74E7A5FD5A" box="[128,222,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FF49FD13E653FD7D" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[128,296,723,747]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF49FD13E653FD7D" box="[128,296,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
need to be placed in a phylogenetic context to recognize their apomorphic nature.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FE35FD33E5DFFC9D" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[508,676,755,779]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FE35FD33E5DFFC9D" box="[508,676,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have any obvious phenotypic autapomorphy with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FF49FCF1E641FCDF" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1927" box="[128,314,817,841]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF49FCF1E641FCDF" box="[128,314,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Heterolepidoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is caused by the homoplasious nature of cuticular features, as revealed by the present SIMMAP analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFE4FFD5FF42FCB0E78BFC1E" box="[139,240,880,904]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStart-3="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="14.[129,194,1815,1839]" captionStartId-1="15.[113,178,1874,1898]" captionStartId-2="16.[129,194,1851,1875]" captionStartId-3="17.[113,178,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1473,146,1782]" captionTargetBox-1="[116,1456,151,1850]" captionTargetBox-2="[131,1471,146,1821]" captionTargetBox-3="[115,1457,146,1811]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@14.[129,1473,144,1783]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@15.[114,1458,149,1851]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@16.[129,1473,144,1822]" captionTargetId-3="figure-8@17.[113,1457,144,1812]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionText-0="Figure 7. SIMMAP reconstruction of scale morphologies in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the ER model. The present reconstruction analyses indicated that scales became oblong in the last common ancestor of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus clade as well as three times independently within the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." captionText-1="Figure 8. SIMMAP reconstruction of spine morphologies in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the SYM model. Spines most likely belonged to the ground pattern of the CDN clade. They were lost in the last common ancestor of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus clade and at least two times convergently within the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." captionText-2="Figure 9. SIMMAP reconstruction of the absence/presence of a lateral denticle in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the ARD model. Although the absence of lateral denticles is conditionally connected with the loss of spines, this side spine structure is not developed in any spined member of the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." captionText-3="Figure 10. SIMMAP reconstruction of the number of keels in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the SYM model.Just a single keel on a dorsal scale most likely belonged to the ground pattern of the CDN clade. This ancestral condition was maintained also in the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus and Heterolepidoderma s.l. clades.Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240070" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240072" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240074" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11240068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240070/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240072/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11240074/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Figs 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
) and by the very broad morphological definition of the latter genus (for further details, see: the ‘Discussion’ section). However, fromthephylogeneticpointofview, themorphological features used to define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FE4AFC0EE550FC70" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[387,555,974,998]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FE4AFC0EE550FC70" box="[387,555,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are autapomorphies with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FEF9FC2DE6B5FB93" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1936" box="[304,462,1005,1029]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FEF9FC2DE6B5FB93" box="[304,462,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sister-group of the new genus according to the present multi-gene phylogenies and the results of statistical topology testing. Thus, much smaller scales, a higher number of longitudinal rows of scales, the absence of higher and lamella-like keels and spined scales on the dorsal side, as well as the freshwater habitat, are autapomorphies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FF49FB69E653FB57" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[128,296,1193,1217]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF49FB69E653FB57" box="[128,296,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FE06FB69E516FB57" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1936" box="[463,621,1193,1217]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FE06FB69E516FB57" box="[463,621,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while they are homoplasious apomorphies with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FD80FB08E478FB76" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1927" box="[585,771,1224,1248]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FD80FB08E478FB76" box="[585,771,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Heterolepidoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally, it is important to mention that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FDD7FB28E5BDFA96" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[542,710,1256,1280]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetoderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FDD7FB28E5BDFA96" box="[542,710,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unambiguously defined molecularly and can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FF49FAE6E665FAA8" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1936" box="[128,286,1318,1342]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Halichaetonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FF49FAE6E665FAA8" box="[128,286,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Halichaetonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFE4FFD5FE9DFAE6E575FAA8" authorityName="Remane" authorityYear="1927" box="[340,526,1318,1342]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="315" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FE9DFAE6E575FAA8" box="[340,526,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">Heterolepidoderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of 12 molecular autapomorphies in the nuclear rDNA cistron and the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFE4FFD5FED1FAA5E63FFAEA" box="[280,324,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="315">COI</emphasis>
|
||
gene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |