389 lines
91 KiB
XML
389 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="CA8075DDAB9A8ED80D14AA9B6C06FB73" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240054" ID-ZooBank="88445152-50C8-42E7-A552-CC368E75C2F8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716361374883" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Križanová, Františka Rataj & Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2024" docId="391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad079.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Heterolepidoderma kolickae Križanová & Vďačný 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="306" masterDocId="C522FFAEFFC4FFF5FFC9FFC0E77BFF96" masterDocTitle="A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="301" updateTime="1716361908893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="33EED1B63E39E0C6238092A2DAEC7B31">A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="12AEF751E8DADA52A4BF8E2DE03EB2CC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C29198FFD9CFE39AD7BAA103787B9B61">Križanová, Františka Rataj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FD3AD4362B11CD3898767B3B0BF462C">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E91C1EA5E0EBED3B5CB60C45E4C7C450" type="email">peter.vdacny@uniba.sk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3E41DEB0A23557BB2FA8686555F0E9A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DDAB819644C62BC2F27E2A21FFA508E2">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C0034EA68E2B13618FAA9329188E9547">
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<mods:date id="42CF71141EAE13B564AF5DE5B199E4CB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6DDC891D3D96C91D37F7A55987B597C3">2023-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1E0BA32BB7683BA56BEF3582A42F349D">200</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6908D8ABA0238AFB6653EF00962FCE02">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C4BE612609D29C7CE4C521DFB8023AEB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1AF2545316C07E4DF2E29AF6FE0F1784" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F72034CD1551F2E75425BBB5BC628161" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE5F7FD7C" box="[254,652,719,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE5F7FD7C" blockId="18.[254,652,719,746]" box="[254,652,719,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="EA4581ACFFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE5F7FD7C" bold="true" box="[254,652,719,746]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE5F7FD7C" bold="true" box="[254,652,719,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE540FD7C" ID-CoL="BV392" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[254,571,719,746]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF37FD0FE540FD7C" bold="true" box="[254,571,719,746]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD6FFE7FDF6FD10E5F7FD7C" box="[575,652,720,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFD6FFE2FF77FCCEE39BFC60" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF77FCCEE53EFCD1" blockId="18.[190,715,782,840]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF77FCCEE53EFCD1" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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(
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FF00FCCEE639FCBE" box="[201,322,782,808]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figs 11A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FE85FCCEE6E1FCBE" box="[332,410,782,808]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">12A–G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FE6DFCCEE695FCBE" box="[420,494,782,808]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">13A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FE31FCCEE53DFCBE" box="[504,582,782,808]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">14A–D</figureCitation>
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; Supporting Information, Table S10)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF48FCAEE681FC33" blockId="18.[129,777,878,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF48FCAEE61DFC10" box="[129,358,878,902]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="C5233AC2FFD6FFE7FEB7FCAEE68DFC33" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="C5140C15FFD6FFE7FDB5FCAEE68DFC33" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">DCBF766D-2115-4290-8DEA-2D1C37C2C910</uuid>
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</uri>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF48FC07E6C8F9C7" blockId="18.[129,778,967,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF48FC07E60DFC49" box="[129,374,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Morphological diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body slender and about 112–136 µm long. Head wider than neck, separated from trunk by a distinct neck constriction. Cephalion large and clearly demarcated, epipleurae and hypopleurae conspicuously marked in head outline. Ocellar granules present. Trunk widest at
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FD94FB85E51DFBCA" box="[605,614,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">c</emphasis>
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. U57, gradually tapers towards furca base (U81). Mouth ventroterminal, with two cuticular teeth. Pharynx without reinforcements. Intestine straight, with marked anterior section. Three pairs of dorsal sensory bristles. Scales partially overlapping, distributed in 20–22 dorsal alternating columns, 23 scales per central column. Dorsal surface covered from anterior end of cephalion to furca base with three different
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FE87FAE0E6FEFAAE" box="[334,389,1312,1336]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">types</typeStatus>
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of scales: (i) spined, three-lobed, and posteriorly rounded; (ii) spined, three-lobed, and posteriorly narrowly rounded or pointed; and (iii) keeled, oblong with truncated posterior end. Lateral to ventrolateral body sides covered from posterior end of epipleurae with spined and narrowly lanceolate scales. Ventrolateral scales keeled and cordiform. Interciliary field scales bowl-shaped. Furca base short, furcal indentation broadly V-shaped, adhesive tubes well-developed, diverging posteriorly. Ventral upper-furcal region covered with big, oblong, and keeled scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF48F9B2E791F97E" blockId="18.[129,778,1650,1768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF48F9B2E63DF91C" box="[129,326,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Molecular diagnosis:</emphasis>
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18S rRNA gene: 403 T. 28S rRNA gene: 562 T. Reference molecules are shown in Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FF48F971E7B3F95F" box="[129,200,1713,1737]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[129,194,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1473,144,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma fluviatile sp. nov.Thick arrows mark species-specific diagnostic molecular characters, while thin arrows denote diagnostic characters of the genus Halichaetoderma. Thus, there are five genus-specific molecular characters (thin arrows) localized in the double-stranded regions of helix 21es6c from the variable V4 region, helix 33 from the V6 region, and helix 41 from the V8 region. On the other hand, there are as many as 31 species-specific nucleotide characters (thick arrows) scattered over the whole 18S molecule both in the single- and double-stranded regions. Note the long-range tertiary contacts between the V2 and V4 regions (highlighted in grey). The helix number system follows Lee and Gutell (2012) and Petrov et al. (2014). The reference 18S secondary structure map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C.Hansen (inset) is from http://apollo.chemistry.gatech.edu/ RibosomeGallery (Petrov et al. 2014)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240056/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figs S1</figureCitation>
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, S
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FF16F971E797F95F" box="[223,236,1713,1737]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[131,1473,146,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[129,1473,144,1783]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. SIMMAP reconstruction of scale morphologies in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the ER model. The present reconstruction analyses indicated that scales became oblong in the last common ancestor of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus clade as well as three times independently within the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240068/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">7</figureCitation>
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. All diagnostic molecular autapomorphies are marked by arrows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF48F8CBE471F8F6" blockId="18.[129,778,1802,1889]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD6FFE7FF48F8CBE47DF8F6" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" location="An" municipality="Bratislava" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF48F8CBE67EF8B4" box="[129,261,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FF48F8CBE7CAF8B4" box="[129,177,1803,1826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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||
</emphasis>
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<location id="B46D601BFFD6FFE7FEC4F8CAE657F8B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60:B46D601BFFD6FFE7FEC4F8CAE657F8B4" box="[269,300,1802,1826]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="An" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">An</location>
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ephemeral pond in the floodplain area of the
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<location id="B46D601BFFD6FFE7FF48F8EAE67DF8D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60:B46D601BFFD6FFE7FF48F8EAE67DF8D7" box="[129,262,1833,1857]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="Morava river" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Morava river</location>
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near the foothill of the
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<location id="B46D601BFFD6FFE7FDC2F8E9E5EEF8D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60:B46D601BFFD6FFE7FDC2F8E9E5EEF8D7" box="[523,661,1833,1857]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="Devin Castle" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Devín Castle</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFD6FFE7FD68F8E9E47DF8D7" box="[673,774,1833,1857]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="586C4E4CFFD6FFE7FF48F888E78CF8F6" box="[129,247,1864,1888]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Podunajská</collectingCounty>
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rovina plain,
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<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFD6FFE7FEB7F888E6AEF8F6" box="[382,469,1864,1888]" name="Slovakia" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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, 48°10ʹ29.4ʹʹN, 16°58ʹ35.8ʹʹE
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FF48F842E4BEFEB3" blockId="18.[129,778,1922,1977]" lastBlockId="18.[825,1474,144,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
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||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FF48F842E634F80C" box="[129,335,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD6FFE7FEAAF842E4CCFEB3" location="Department of Zoology" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FE56F842E680F80C" box="[415,507,1922,1946]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(adult, hologenophore, CU-FNS-18-10-19/HO) was destroyed during DNA extraction. The
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<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FCB8FF50E4B1FF3E" box="[881,970,144,168]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
(adult, CU-FNS-22-10-19/PA) is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FCF0FF6FE4A3FF51" box="[825,984,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figures 13A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FBDEFF6FE31BFF51" box="[1047,1120,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">14A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
. Photomicrographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FA42FF6FE41CFF71" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FC55FF0FE48EFF71" box="[924,1013,207,231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are available at the
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFD6FFE7FB0FFF0FE2C4FF70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD6FFE2FF37FD0FE39BFC60:B46D601BFFD6FFE7FB0FFF0FE2C4FF70" box="[1222,1471,206,230]" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" name="Department of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Department of Zoology</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFD6FFE7FCF0FF2EE3E4FE90" box="[825,1183,238,262]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Comenius University in Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at https://fns.uniba.sk/en/ gastrotricha
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FCF0FE87E4C8FE2A" blockId="18.[825,1474,326,444]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FCF0FE87E4BCFEC8" box="[825,967,326,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD6FFE7FC1AFE87E4D4FE2A" collectorName="ID Collection Code" country="Slovakia" location="Slovakia" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
A DNA sample of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FB7FFE86E269FEC8" box="[1206,1298,326,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen DB 11 has been deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06 Bratislava,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFD6FFE7FB48FE45E3ADFE0B" box="[1153,1238,389,413]" name="Slovakia" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="1C475316FFD6FFE7FB20FE45E2B9FE0B" box="[1257,1474,389,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">ID Collection Code</collectorName>
|
||
01427567)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FCF0FE1EE39DFDE5" blockId="18.[825,1474,478,627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FCF0FE1EE4A5FE63" box="[825,990,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Gene sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD6FFE7FC26FE1EE39AFDE5" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" specimenCode="ITS1, 5.8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The nuclear 18S and
|
||
<specimenCode id="E1149EBBFFD6FFE7FB26FE1EE264FE60" box="[1263,1311,478,502]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">ITS1</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode id="E1149EBBFFD6FFE7FAEFFE1EE23CFE60" box="[1318,1351,478,502]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">5.8</specimenCode>
|
||
S-ITS2-28S rDNA sequences, as well as the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FAE7FE3DE221FD82" box="[1326,1370,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FC43FDDCE49DFDA2" box="[906,998,540,564]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen DB 11, have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OQ358136, OQ358125, and OQ354328, respectively
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FCF0FD54E3E5FC9C" blockId="18.[825,1474,660,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FCF0FD54E4D3FD3A" box="[825,936,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Named in honour of Dr Małgorzata Kolicka (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFD6FFE7FB48FD74E3B5FD5A" box="[1153,1230,692,716]" name="Poland" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
), as a small token of appreciation for stimulating our research of gastrotrichs and for her constructive criticism and support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FCF0FCECE487FB6C" blockId="18.[825,1475,812,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FCF0FCECE4CBFCD5" box="[825,944,812,835]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD6FFE7FBD1FCECE252FCD2" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[1048,1321,812,836]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FBD1FCECE252FCD2" box="[1048,1321,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about 112– 136 µm long and has a slender body that is tenpin-shaped, with a clearly defined head region, a narrowing neck, and a bulbous trunk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC4CFC4AE49AFC34" box="[901,993,906,930]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC39FC4AE347FC34" box="[1008,1084,906,930]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">12A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FB83FC4AE30EFC34" box="[1098,1141,906,930]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body width is 23.3 µm at the head (U10), 24.7 µm at U50, and 33.0 µm at U57. The neck (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FA7AFC6AE2C7FC57" box="[1459,1468,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U14–U30) is clearly demarcated (i.e. a distinct neck constriction is formed) and smoothly continues to the trunk region. The trunk is nearly as wide as the head, gradually dilating from about U40 to U57, where it reaches its maximum width. Then it gradually tapers towards U80, where the furca base starts to form. Three pairs of dorsal sensory bristles are inserted at U6, U17, and U76 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC6BFB44E48CFB0A" box="[930,1015,1156,1180]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The furcal indentation is broadly V-shaped. The furca branches are set apart and bear well-developed adhesive tubes, which are 6.7–8.8 µm long and slightly diverge posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC5DFB22E490FB6C" box="[916,1003,1250,1274]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE7FCF0FAEAE417FAD4" blockId="18.[825,876,1322,1346]" box="[825,876,1322,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Head</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD6FFE2FCF0FA8FE663FEF2" blockId="18.[825,1475,1359,1978]" lastBlockId="23.[113,763,144,356]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">
|
||
The head appears five-lobed only in the ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FA92FA8FE2CAFAF1" box="[1371,1457,1359,1383]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), while three-lobed in the dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FB74FAAEE26FFA10" box="[1213,1300,1390,1414]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the large size of the epipleurae causes the hypopleurae to be not visible from a dorsal point of view. The cephalion is very conspicuous because comparatively large, i.e. extends from U1 to U6 and is 8.9 µm wide, roughly obtriangular in the dorsal view and biblike in the ventral view, and without free posterior (dorsal) edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC8DF9EAE4E6F9D4" box="[836,925,1578,1602]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC60F9EAE495F9D7" box="[937,1006,1578,1602]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">12A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC31F9EAE338F9D4" box="[1016,1091,1578,1602]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">13A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epipleurae are situated approximately at U3–U8. Notches separating the epipleurae from the hypopleurae (U8–U14) are recognizable only in the ventral view and hence the hypopleurae are difficult to distinguish in the head outline when the dorsal side is observed (cp.
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FAF0F967E2F5F929" box="[1337,1422,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FCF0F906E4F4F949" box="[825,911,1734,1759]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts emerge laterally between the cephalion and the epipleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FADFF927E264F968" box="[1302,1311,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U3), as well as between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD6FFE7FC76F8C5E49DF88B" box="[959,998,1797,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="301" type="epitype">epi-</typeStatus>
|
||
and the hypopleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD6FFE7FAC5F8C6E26EF88B" box="[1292,1301,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U8) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FAA9F8C5E2C0F88B" box="[1376,1467,1797,1821]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FCF0F8E5E4F9F8AB" box="[825,898,1829,1853]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">12A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD6FFE7FC45F8E5E48BF8AA" box="[908,1008,1829,1853]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="301">13A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar granules are situated posterior to the epipleurae edge at U8 and they are only about 1.2 µm across. The mouth ring is oval, approximately 4.4 μm in the largest diameter, and located ventroterminally at U1–U4. There are strong but short, rod-like reinforcements lining the walls of the mouth ring. Two cuticular teeth are clearly visible and placed laterally in the mouth opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FED6FF6FE603FF51" box="[287,376,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FE4BFF6FE6D0FF51" box="[386,427,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hypostomium (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FD44FF70E5EDFF51" box="[653,662,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U4–U7) has a complex morphology, i.e. bears three cuticular structures: one central plate and a pair of posterolateral boomerang-like additional plates. A pair of relatively wide sensoric ciliary patches is placed between the central plate and the posterolateral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FFB5FE8CE7AEFEF2" box="[124,213,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FF16FE8CE673FEF2" box="[223,264,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFD7FFE6FFB8F8C7E795F806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="302" startId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" targetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD7FFE6FFB8F8C7E795F806" blockId="19.[113,1457,1799,1936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD7FFE6FFB8F8C7E7ACF889" bold="true" box="[113,215,1799,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="302">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD7FFE6FF15F8C7E6A3F889" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[220,472,1799,1823]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="302" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD7FFE6FF15F8C7E6A3F889" box="[220,472,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="302">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD7FFE6FE17F8C8E55EF889" box="[478,549,1800,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="302" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae. Scale bar = 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFD0FFE1FF48F938E786F817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="303" startId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" targetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD0FFE1FF48F938E2F7F8BA" blockId="20.[129,1453,1784,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD0FFE1FF48F938E79DF886" bold="true" box="[129,230,1784,1808]" pageId="20" pageNumber="303">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD0FFE1FF22F938E693F886" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[235,488,1784,1808]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="303" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD0FFE1FF22F938E693F886" box="[235,488,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="303">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD0FFE1FE24F939E54FF886" box="[493,564,1785,1808]" pageId="20" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD0FFE1FF48F8F1E786F817" blockId="20.[129,1453,1784,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="303">E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFD1FFE0FFB8F92CE5CEF806" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="304" startId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" targetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD1FFE0FFB8F92CE5CEF806" blockId="21.[113,1460,1772,1936]" pageId="21" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD1FFE0FFB8F92CE7ADF892" bold="true" box="[113,214,1772,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="304">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD1FFE0FF13F92CE6AEF892" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,469,1772,1796]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="304" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD1FFE0FF13F92CE6AEF892" box="[218,469,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="304">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD1FFE0FE10F92CE55BF895" box="[473,544,1772,1795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="304" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, overview showing the general body organization. B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFD2FFE3FF48F92CE44FF8E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="305" startId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" targetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD2FFE3FF48F92CE44FF8E2" blockId="22.[129,1464,1772,1908]" pageId="22" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD2FFE3FF48F92CE79EF892" bold="true" box="[129,229,1772,1796]" pageId="22" pageNumber="305">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD2FFE3FF20F92CE69FF892" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,484,1772,1796]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="305" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="kolickae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD2FFE3FF20F92CE69FF892" box="[233,484,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="305">Heterolepidoderma kolickae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD2FFE3FE21F92CE554F895" box="[488,559,1772,1795]" pageId="22" pageNumber="305" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base. D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8FE45E64CFE0B" blockId="23.[113,311,389,413]" box="[113,311,389,413]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Internal morphology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8FE6AE66DFD0B" blockId="23.[113,763,426,669]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
The pharynx extends from
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FE4DFE6BE6F6FE54" box="[388,397,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U3 to U31, is 35 μm long and 5.9– 8.6 μm wide. The pharynx smoothly continues through the pharyngeal–intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U31–U33) of the intestine, which extends from U33 to U80 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FFB5FDE7E7A0FDA9" box="[124,219,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FF21FDE7E654FDA9" box="[232,303,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired pyriform adhesive glands (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FD60FDE8E5C9FDA9" box="[681,690,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U79– U83) are placed slightly laterally, right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FF67FD45E67EFD0B" box="[174,261,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8FD7FE7D0FD41" blockId="23.[113,764,703,1797]" box="[113,171,703,727]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Scales</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8FD23E5A6FBC2" blockId="23.[113,764,703,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Almost the entire body is covered by overlapping scales that adhere to the basal cuticle layer along most or all of their perimeter. Scales are distributed in 20–22 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 23 scales in the central column. Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FF2FFC60E794FC21" box="[230,239,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U6), while dorsolateral and lateral rows start at
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FD25FC60E58EFC21" box="[748,757,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U8–U11 at the posterior edge of the epipleurae. They run almost along the whole body length (till U87) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDC7FC1EE51FFC60" box="[526,612,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrolateral rows commence at U14 due to the highly developed ventral ciliary bands and terminate near the furcal region at
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FDFAFBDDE547FBA2" box="[563,572,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U83. Ventral rows commence ahead of ventrolateral rows about at U9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDB0FBFCE5B6FBC2" box="[633,717,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FF44FB9BE5BCF91E" blockId="23.[113,764,703,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Three main
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD3FFE2FEC2FB9CE639FBE2" box="[267,322,1116,1140]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of dorsal body scales were recognized. (i) Anteriormost head scales are small (1.56–2.20 × 0.78–1.04 µm), three-lobed with a subtle, well-delimited anterior lobe and comparatively long and rounded posterior lobes, the transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes is relatively well marked,
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FF00FB38E7AEFA99" box="[201,213,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Α</emphasis>
|
||
= 136–164°, and
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FE4AFB38E6EBFA86" box="[387,400,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">β</emphasis>
|
||
= 83–94° (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDC9FB38E529FA86" box="[512,594,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). These smallest dorsal scales are arranged in three horizontal rows. (ii) The remaining head and upper-neck scales resemble the first
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD3FFE2FD6AFAF7E5AAFAD9" box="[675,721,1335,1359]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but are slightly larger (2.50–3.35 × 1.66–1.84 µm), their posterior lobes are narrowly rounded or pointed, and the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct and continuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FF3DFA74E631FA5A" box="[244,330,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). They start as a single longitudinal middle row at the posterior edge of the cephalion (U6) and then three or four horizontal rows are added at
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FE2CFA33E695F99C" box="[485,494,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c</emphasis>
|
||
. U10. This second
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD3FFE2FD7BFA33E59BF99D" box="[690,736,1523,1547]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of dorsal scales terminates at about U18. (iii) The most abundant
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD3FFE2FFB8F9F2E7E4F9DC" box="[113,159,1586,1610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is represented by oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. They are 2.6–3.0 × 1.12–1.25 µm in size and cover a significant part of the body from U18 to U82 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDC2F9B0E51DF91E" box="[523,614,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDB8F9B0E5CDF911" box="[625,694,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FF44F94FE6D7F893" blockId="23.[113,764,703,1797]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Lateral body sides bear 2.76–3.20 × 1.19–1.57 µm-sized and narrowly lanceolate scales from U11 to U85. The transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes is continuous and indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FEC7F92DE61DF893" box="[270,358,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FEB8F92DE6E7F893" box="[369,412,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8F8E7E7D4F8A9" blockId="23.[113,762,1831,1986]" box="[113,175,1831,1855]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Spines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FFB8F88BE4CDFEB3" blockId="23.[113,762,1831,1986]" lastBlockId="23.[810,1459,144,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Scales bear spines only in the head region and on the lateral and ventrolateral body sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FEBEF8ABE6A9F815" box="[375,466,1899,1923]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FE16F8ABE55CF814" box="[479,551,1899,1923]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FDFAF8ABE504F814" box="[563,639,1899,1923]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spine emerges rather close to the anterior margin of scale. Spines do not differentiate into various
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD3FFE2FE65F86AE69EF854" box="[428,485,1962,1986]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, only their length slightly increases from 2.85 µm to 3.70 µm in a posterior direction. A lateral denticle is not developed. All remaining scales carry keels, which also begin close to the apical scale margin and increase in length in a posterior direction from 1.93 µm to 3.86 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FA40FF2EE42EFEB3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1799,1823]" captionTargetBox="[115,1456,146,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[113,1457,145,1773]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, dorsal overview showing the spine and keel pattern. B, head dorsal scales are spined and three-lobed with a subtle anterior lobe and a well-marked transition between the anterior lobe and the posterior lobes. C, upper-neck dorsal scales resemble head scales but the transition between the anterior lobe and posterior lobes is indistinct. D, trunk dorsal scales are keeled and oblong with a truncated posterior end. E, trunk dorsolateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. ceph, cephalion; epi, epiplaeurae.Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240076/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FCA8FECDE4DEFEB3" box="[865,933,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FCE3FE87E388FEC9" blockId="23.[810,1460,327,1014]" box="[810,1267,327,351]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Ventral ciliary bands and ventral interciliary field</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FCE3FEABE216FD4A" blockId="23.[810,1460,327,1014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Ventral ciliary bands commence almost right behind the hypostomium. With respect to the arrangement of basal bodies of locomotory cilia, three regions can be distinguished: the bifurcated anterior region, the transition zone, and the main portion of the ciliary band. The anterior region is bifurcated, contains irregularly arranged basal bodies, and extends from U8 to U12 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FCFCFDE7E4EBFDA9" box="[821,912,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FC54FDE7E4BDFDA9" box="[925,966,551,575]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the transition zone (U12–24), the anterior branches are fused but basal bodies are still rather irregularly organized. Locomotory cilia then become regularly arranged in more or less equidistantly spaced horizontal rows. Each row in the main portion of the ciliary band consists of four narrowly spaced basal bodies from
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FBE4FD05E347FD4A" box="[1069,1084,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U25 to U80 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB03FD04E25FFD4A" box="[1226,1316,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FAF9FD04E226FD4A" box="[1328,1373,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FC8FFD23E39BFC60" blockId="23.[810,1460,327,1014]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Each ciliary band is laterally accompanied by two or three ventrolateral rows of cordiform scales (1.3–3.6 × 1.1–2.4 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FCFCFCE2E4DCFCAF" box="[821,935,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FC79FCE2E4A5FCAC" box="[944,990,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14D</figureCitation>
|
||
). They start at U18, the rightmost and leftmost rows terminate at U80, while the middle scale row ends at U84. The ventral interciliary field bears minute (1.20–1.52 × 1.02– 1.43 µm), bowl-shaped scales, which start posterior to the edge of the hypostomium at U9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB83FC5FE3C5FC21" box="[1098,1214,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12A, F</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB00FC5FE389FC21" box="[1225,1266,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 13. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, overview showing the general body organization.B, C, details of the anterior body region, showing a pair of cuticular teeth in the mouth centre and the hypostomium. D, detail of the anterior dorsal body region, showing the cephalion, epipleurae, ocellar granules, and spined head scales. E, optical section showing the internal morphology.ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular tooth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; oc, ocellar granules; ov, ovaries; phr, pharynx reinforcements; pij, pharyngeal‒intestinal junction; pn, protonephridia; sc, sensory cilia; vs, ventral scales. Scale bars = 10 µm (C, D), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (E), 50 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240080/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">13B</figureCitation>
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). The upper-furcal region carries a pair of relatively big (4.7–5.4
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FB3DFC7FE278FC41" bold="true" box="[1268,1283,959,983]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">×</emphasis>
|
||
2.1–2.2 µm), oblong, and keeled scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FBE9FC1EE3E3FC63" box="[1056,1176,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="20.[129,194,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[133,1470,154,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[129,1473,150,1758]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 12. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the scale and spine pattern. B, ventrolateral scales are keeled and cordiform. C, trunk lateral scales are spined and narrowly lanceolate. D, upper-furcal ventral scales are relatively big, oblong, and keeled. E, mouth region. F, interciliary field scales are minute, bowl-shaped, and spineless. G, internal morphology. ceph, cephalion; ct, cuticular teeth; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; ph, pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240078/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 12A, D</figureCitation>
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB6BFC1EE3ABFC60" box="[1186,1232,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[129,1473,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 14. Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov.A, dorsal view of the posterior neck and the upper trunk region, showing keeled and oblong scales with a truncated posterior end. B, dorsal view of the posterior body region, showing the scale pattern. C, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped.Adhesive glands are paired and placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base.D, ventral view of the posterior body region, showing the small cordiform scales (arrows) and the paired big oblong keeled scales (arrowheads). ag, adhesive glands; at, adhesive tubes. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240082/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">14D</figureCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |