376 lines
108 KiB
XML
376 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="520C84E22986AE246F9A0EC71757B605" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240054" ID-ZooBank="88445152-50C8-42E7-A552-CC368E75C2F8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716361374883" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Križanová, Františka Rataj & Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2024" docId="391B87D6FFD3FFE8FC71FBE6E609FEF2" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad079.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad079" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Heterolepidoderma striatum Križanová & Vďačný 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="C522FFAEFFC4FFF5FFC9FFC0E77BFF96" masterDocTitle="A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1716361908893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7C9615EBB8D1376E446FD3500CD8CC21">A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D15B39FD9D6C073499A975D0509BD0BB">Križanová, Františka Rataj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F897F9B82E3D3FC441949BF80BCF2D15">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ED855A2F74CF3C8744071298050CDFED" type="email">peter.vdacny@uniba.sk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="13B2E1594F70AB9CEF4CA176AFE0B530">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D1DB6EAFABB0F0E95E4F026D8C352C88">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="56706B0FAC70DE4EDEA0D562035CB7D8">2023-09-05</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FC71FBE6E25FFBD6" blockId="23.[952,1316,1062,1089]" box="[952,1316,1062,1089]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="EA4581ACFFD3FFE2FC71FBE6E25FFBD6" bold="true" box="[952,1316,1062,1089]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="306" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FC71FBE6E25FFBD6" bold="true" box="[952,1316,1062,1089]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD3FFE2FC71FBE6E3AFFBD6" ID-CoL="BV393" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[952,1236,1062,1089]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="306" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FC71FBE6E3AFFBD6" bold="true" box="[952,1236,1062,1089]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFD3FFE2FB11FBE6E25FFBD6" box="[1240,1316,1062,1088]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="F9A8654BFFD3FFE8FCA1FBA4E609FEF2" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="23" pageNumber="306" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FCA1FBA4E395FB08" blockId="23.[872,1397,1124,1182]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FCA1FBA4E395FB08" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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(
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FCBBFBA5E489FBE9" box="[882,1010,1125,1151]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Figs 15A–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FC32FBA5E330FBE9" box="[1019,1099,1125,1151]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">16A–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB9DFBA5E3E7FBE9" box="[1108,1180,1125,1151]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">17A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD3FFE2FB6FFBA5E394FBE9" box="[1190,1263,1125,1151]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">18A–E</figureCitation>
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; Supporting Information,
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<tableCitation id="FC30037BFFD3FFE2FBB2FB44E398FB08" box="[1147,1251,1156,1182]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="51.[141,202,144,168]" captionText="Table S11. Morphometric characterization of Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. Table S12. Morphometric characterization of Heterolepidoderma macrops. Table S13. Morphometric characterization of Halichaetoderma fluviatile sp. nov. Table S14. Morphometric characterization of Halichaetoderma rivale sp. nov. Table S15. Morphometric characterization of Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. Table S16. Morphometric characterization of Halichaetoderma hexagonale sp. nov. TableS17. Comparison of Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. with most similar congeners. Table S18. Comparison of Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. with most similar congeners. Figure S1. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. Figure S2. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. Figure S3. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma macrops. Figure S4. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma rivale sp. nov. Figure S5. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. Figure S6. Secondary structure of the 18S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma hexagonale sp. nov. Figure S7. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma kolickae sp. nov. Figure S8. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. Figure S9. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Heterolepidoderma macrops. Figure S10. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma rivale sp. nov. Figure S11. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma aureum sp. nov. Figure S12. Secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule and a part of the 28S rRNA molecule of Halichaetoderma hexagonale sp. nov." pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Table S11</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FCE3FB05E3D7FB6A" blockId="23.[810,1459,1220,1276]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FCE3FB05E36DFB4A" box="[810,1046,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="C5233AC2FFD3FFE2FBFDFB04E3D3FB6A" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="C5140C15FFD3FFE2FAF5FB04E3D3FB6A" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">1C883C58- D5D0-48E4-A403-EA8D1CE847C0</uuid>
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</uri>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE2FCE3FADDE23EF8FF" blockId="23.[810,1460,1309,1897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FCE3FADDE35BFAA3" box="[810,1056,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Morphological diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body stocky and about 128 µm long. Head almost as wide as neck, separated from trunk by more or less distinct neck constriction. Cephalion large and clearly demarcated, epipleurae and hypopleurae only indistinctly marked in head outline. Ocellar granules absent. Trunk widest at
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FC8FFA7BE42EFA44" box="[838,853,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">c.</emphasis>
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U63, abruptly tappers towards furca base (U87). Mouth ventroterminal, without cuticular teeth. Pharynx with three pairs of reinforcements. Intestine straight, with marked anterior section. Dorsal, lateral, and ventrolateral scales keeled, narrowly oblong, partially overlapping, distributed in 37 dorsal alternating columns, 23 scales per central column. Only posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles anchored on double-keeled, cordiform scales. Furca base short, furcal indentation broadly U-shaped, adhesive tubes short and diverging posteriorly. Furca base and furca appendages dorsally covered with a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales, as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. Ventral upper-furcal region carries three staggered transversal rows of narrowly oblong scales and a pair of big, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD3FFE9FCE3F84AE576FE15" blockId="23.[810,1459,1930,1986]" lastBlockId="28.[129,778,144,387]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD3FFE2FCE3F84AE48CF834" box="[810,1015,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="306">Molecular diagnosis:</emphasis>
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18S rRNA gene: 487 A, 489 T, 495 A, 704 T, 708 G, 735 T, 1357 C, 1371 G, 1372 T, 1508 T, 1509 C. 28S rRNA gene: 480 C, 528 C, 611 A, 613 C, 631 G, 633 T, 667 T, 669 G.
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FEFAFF70E624FF51" box="[307,351,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">COI</emphasis>
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(codon ordinal numbers are followed by the corresponding span of nucleotide positions in parentheses): 32 (94–96) ACC, 40 (118–120) TTG, 49 (145–147) GCG, 121 (361–363) AGG, 122 (364–366) CTA, 188 (562–564) GTC, 189 (565–567) CTT. Reference molecules are shown in Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FE41FE8CE6ADFEF2" box="[392,470,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-207@7.[114,1458,144,1435]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Putative secondary structure of the ITS2 molecule of He. kolickae sp. nov. (A), He. striatum sp. nov. (B), He.macrops (C), Ha. fluviatile sp.nov.(D), and Ha. rivale sp. nov.(E). Helices are marked by Roman numbers I–IV.For localization of helix 10, which is made by the interaction of the 3ʹ-end of 5.8S and the 5ʹ-end of 28S, see Figure 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240058/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs S2</figureCitation>
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, S
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<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FE38FE8CE686FEF2" box="[497,509,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[116,1456,151,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-7@15.[114,1458,149,1851]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. SIMMAP reconstruction of spine morphologies in chaetonotids based on 10 000 stochastic character maps simulated under the SYM model. Spines most likely belonged to the ground pattern of the CDN clade. They were lost in the last common ancestor of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus clade and at least two times convergently within the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Relative proportions of character states were mapped onto the best scoring ML tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240070/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">8</figureCitation>
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. All diagnostic molecular autapomorphies are marked by arrows.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E5CD6648FFDCFFEDFF48F8C4E497F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="307" startId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" targetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDCFFEDFF48F8C4E497F853" blockId="24.[129,1472,1796,1989]" pageId="24" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDCFFEDFF48F8C4E79EF88A" bold="true" box="[129,229,1796,1820]" pageId="24" pageNumber="307">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDCFFEDFF20F8C4E69CF88A" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,487,1796,1820]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="307" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDCFFEDFF20F8C4E69CF88A" box="[233,487,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="307">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFDCFFEDFE25F8C5E548F88A" box="[492,563,1797,1820]" pageId="24" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern. The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong. Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk. E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform. F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFDDFFECFFB8F932E55FF801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="308" startId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" targetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDDFFECFFB8F932E2FFF8B0" blockId="25.[113,1453,1778,1943]" pageId="25" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDDFFECFFB8F932E7ADF89C" bold="true" box="[113,214,1778,1802]" pageId="25" pageNumber="308">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDDFFECFF13F932E6A3F89C" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,472,1778,1802]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="308" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDDFFECFF13F932E6A3F89C" box="[218,472,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="308">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFDDFFECFE14F933E558F89C" box="[477,547,1779,1802]" pageId="25" pageNumber="308" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, ventral overview showing the general body organization. B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong. E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDDFFECFFB8F8EBE55FF801" blockId="25.[113,1453,1778,1943]" pageId="25" pageNumber="308">F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales. das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFDEFFEFFF48F92DE67FF83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="309" startId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" targetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDEFFEFFF48F92DE67FF83B" blockId="26.[129,1472,1773,1965]" pageId="26" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDEFFEFFF48F92DE79EF893" bold="true" box="[129,229,1773,1797]" pageId="26" pageNumber="309">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDEFFEFFF20F92DE69CF893" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,487,1773,1797]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="309" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDEFFEFFF20F92DE69CF893" box="[233,487,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="309">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFDEFFEFFE25F92DE548F892" box="[492,563,1773,1796]" pageId="26" pageNumber="309" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87. White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands. Scale bars = 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E5CD6648FFDFFFEEFFB8F92CE7A0F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="310" startId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" targetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDFFFEEFFB8F92CE222F83B" blockId="27.[113,1441,1772,1993]" pageId="27" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDFFFEEFFB8F92CE7ADF892" bold="true" box="[113,214,1772,1796]" pageId="27" pageNumber="310">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDFFFEEFF13F92DE6A3F892" authority="Križanová & Vďačný, 2024" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,472,1773,1797]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="310" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDFFFEEFF13F92DE6A3F892" box="[218,472,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="310">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="98F557A9FFDFFFEEFE14F92DE558F892" box="[477,547,1773,1796]" pageId="27" pageNumber="310" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, overview showing the internal morphology. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base. These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFDFFFEEFB06F881E244F8CE" box="[1231,1343,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="310">
|
||
He.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFDFFFEEFB3AF881E244F8CE" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[1267,1343,1857,1880]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="310" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum">striatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFDFFFEEFFB8F871E7A0F85F" blockId="27.[113,1441,1772,1993]" box="[113,219,1969,1993]" pageId="27" pageNumber="310">30 µm (A).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FE65E471FE6D" blockId="28.[129,778,421,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD8FFE9FF48FE65E47DFE6D" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" location="An" municipality="Bratislava" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FE65E67EFE2B" box="[129,261,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FF48FE65E7CAFE2A" box="[129,177,421,444]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFD8FFE9FEC4FE65E657FE2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD3FFE8FC71FBE6E609FEF2:B46D601BFFD8FFE9FEC4FE65E657FE2B" box="[269,300,421,445]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="An" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">An</location>
|
||
ephemeral pond in the floodplain area of the
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFD8FFE9FF48FE04E67DFE4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD3FFE8FC71FBE6E609FEF2:B46D601BFFD8FFE9FF48FE04E67DFE4A" box="[129,262,452,476]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="Morava river" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Morava river</location>
|
||
near the foothill of the
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFD8FFE9FDC2FE04E5EEFE4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD3FFE8FC71FBE6E609FEF2:B46D601BFFD8FFE9FDC2FE04E5EEFE4A" box="[523,661,452,476]" country="Slovakia" county="Podunajska" municipality="Bratislava" name="Devin Castle" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Devín Castle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFD8FFE9FD68FE04E47DFE4A" box="[673,774,452,476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="586C4E4CFFD8FFE9FF48FE23E78CFE6D" box="[129,247,483,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Podunajská</collectingCounty>
|
||
rovina plain,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFD8FFE9FEB7FE23E6AEFE6D" box="[382,469,483,507]" name="Slovakia" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 48°10ʹ29.4ʹʹN, 16°58ʹ35.8ʹʹE
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FDDDE570FD27" blockId="28.[129,778,541,690]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FDDDE634FDA3" box="[129,335,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD8FFE9FEAAFDDDE687FD24" location="Department of Zoology" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FE56FDDDE680FDA3" box="[415,507,541,565]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(adult, hologenophore, CU-FNS-13-09-19/HO) is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FDE1FDFCE5AFFDC5" box="[552,724,572,596]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figures 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FF48FD9BE7B3FDE5" box="[129,200,603,627]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
. Photomicrographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FE2BFD9BE545FDE5" box="[482,574,603,627]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are available at the
|
||
<location id="B46D601BFFD8FFE9FF48FDBBE607FD05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:391B87D6FFD3FFE8FC71FBE6E609FEF2:B46D601BFFD8FFE9FF48FDBBE607FD05" box="[129,380,635,659]" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" name="Department of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Department of Zoology</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5169ACBAFFD8FFE9FE41FDBBE596FD05" box="[392,749,635,659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Comenius University in Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at https://fns.uniba.sk/en/gastrotricha
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FD14E781FCDF" blockId="28.[129,777,723,841]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FD14E674FD7D" box="[129,271,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD8FFE9FED3FD13E78DFCDF" collectorName="ID Collection Code" country="Slovakia" location="Slovakia" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
A DNA sample of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FE34FD13E522FD7D" box="[509,601,723,747]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen DB 12 has been deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, 810 06 Bratislava,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C9A57650FFD8FFE9FE01FCD2E566FCBC" box="[456,541,786,810]" name="Slovakia" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="1C475316FFD8FFE9FDF9FCD2E472FCBC" box="[560,777,786,810]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">ID Collection Code</collectorName>
|
||
01426301)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FCABE556FB96" blockId="28.[129,777,874,1024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FCABE65EFC14" box="[129,293,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Gene sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="01DA3C9DFFD8FFE9FEFFFCABE552FB96" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" specimenCode="ITS1, 5.8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The nuclear 18S and
|
||
<specimenCode id="E1149EBBFFD8FFE9FDFFFCAAE51DFC14" box="[566,614,874,898]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">ITS1</specimenCode>
|
||
-
|
||
<specimenCode id="E1149EBBFFD8FFE9FDA4FCAAE5F5FC14" box="[621,654,874,898]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">5.8</specimenCode>
|
||
S-ITS2-28S rDNA sequences, as well as the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FDBCFC4AE5DAFC37" box="[629,673,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FF18FC69E656FC57" box="[209,301,937,961]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen DB 12, have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OQ358140, OQ358129, and OQ354332, respectively
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FBE1E5B8FBCE" blockId="28.[129,778,1057,1112]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FBE1E78BFBAF" box="[129,240,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The Latin adjective
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FE06FBE2E579FBAF" box="[463,514,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">striat</emphasis>
|
||
·
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FDCEFBE2E567FBAF" box="[519,540,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">us</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FDE0FBE2E546FBAF" box="[553,573,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">-a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FD83FBE2E50AFBAF" box="[586,625,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">-um</emphasis>
|
||
[m, f, n] (striated) refers to the striated appearance of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48FBBBE580F9BF" blockId="28.[128,778,1146,1577]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FF48FBBBE78CFB04" box="[129,247,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B24D43FFD8FFE9FEABFBBAE502FB04" authorityName="Križanová & Vďačný" authorityYear="2024" box="[354,633,1146,1170]" family="Chaetonotidae" genus="Heterolepidoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chaetonotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" phylum="Gastrotricha" rank="species" species="striatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FEABFBBAE502FB04" box="[354,633,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Heterolepidoderma striatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about 128 µm long and has a stocky body that is tenpin-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FD61FB59E479FB27" box="[680,770,1177,1201]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FF49FB78E7D0FB46" box="[128,171,1208,1232]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">16A</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FF70FB79E67AFB46" box="[185,257,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A, B</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FEC7FB79E643FB47" box="[270,312,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body width is 28.4 µm at U10, 42.1 µm at U50, and 45.0 µm at U63. The head is almost as wide as the neck and hence the head–neck transition is indistinct and continuous. The trunk is wider than the head, bulbous, and gradually dilates from about U34 to U63, where it reaches its maximum width. Then, it gradually tapers towards U87, where a short furca base is formed. Only a posterior pair of dorsal sensory bristles (setolae) present. Sensory bristles arise from cordiform, double-keeled scales at U85 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FED4FA73E6ECFA5D" box="[285,407,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FE6DFA73E6B4FA5D" box="[420,463,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FE14FA73E572FA5D" box="[477,521,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The furcal indentation is broadly U-shaped. The furca branches are set apart and bear short but well-developed adhesive tubes, which are 4.7–4.9 µm long and slightly diverged posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FDC0F9D1E518F9BF" box="[521,611,1553,1577]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FDA6F9D1E5E1F9BF" box="[623,666,1553,1577]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">16A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FD6CF9D1E591F9BF" box="[677,746,1553,1577]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF48F98BE7CFF9F5" blockId="28.[128,778,1611,1985]" box="[129,180,1611,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Head</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FF40F9AFE31DFE54" blockId="28.[128,778,1611,1985]" lastBlockId="28.[825,1474,144,450]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The head appears roughly five-lobed only in the ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FF42F94FE678F930" box="[139,259,1679,1703]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), while one-lobed in the dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FD6CF94FE479F930" box="[677,770,1678,1703]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FF49F96EE7D0F950" box="[128,171,1710,1734]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cephalion is very conspicuous because comparatively large, i.e. extends from U1 to U6 and is 7.1 µm wide, oval, and without a free posterior (dorsal) edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FDE5F92DE5F0F892" box="[556,651,1772,1797]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FD55F92DE5BCF893" box="[668,711,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epipleurae and hypopleurae are situated ventrolaterally approximately at U3–U6 and U7–U11, respectively, and hence difficult to distinguish in the head outline when the dorsal side is observed. The hypopleurae are slightly more developed than the epipleurae (5.9 μm vs. 5.3 μm long). Notches separating the epipleurae from the hypopleurae are recognizable only in the ventral view. Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts emerge laterally between the cephalion and the epipleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FAADFF70E208FF51" box="[1380,1395,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3), as well as between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FBCCFF0FE357FF71" box="[1029,1068,207,231]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311" type="epitype">epi-</typeStatus>
|
||
and the hypopleurae edge (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FA80FF0FE223FF70" box="[1353,1368,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U6) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FA51FF0FE41FFE90" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FCBBFF2EE4C2FE93" box="[882,953,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">16A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FC0FFF2EE376FE93" box="[966,1037,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FBD0FF2EE31BFE93" box="[1049,1120,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar granules are absent. The mouth ring is oval, approximately 5.7 μm in the largest diameter, and located ventroterminally at U1–U4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB25FEECE2FEFED2" box="[1260,1413,300,324]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 16A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FA5AFEEDE2C6FED3" box="[1427,1469,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FCF0FE8CE41AFEF2" box="[825,865,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are strong but short, rod-like reinforcements lining the walls of the mouth ring. Mouth with no cuticular teeth. The hypostomium (U3–U7) is a thin plate with two transversal reinforcements bars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FC36FE6AE32DFE54" box="[1023,1110,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF0FE23E484FE6D" blockId="28.[825,1023,483,507]" box="[825,1023,483,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Internal morphology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF0FDC8E264FCEF" blockId="28.[825,1474,520,889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The pharynx extends from
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FB85FDC9E320FDB6" box="[1100,1115,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U3 to U30, is 37 μm long and 6.3– 8.7 μm wide. It has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations. The posterior dilatations are wider than the anterior ones. There are several anterior pharyngeal reinforcements, which are visible only at higher magnifications (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FAECFD45E200FD0B" box="[1317,1403,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 16F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FA4EFD45E2CAFD0B" box="[1415,1457,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pharynx smoothly continues through the pharyngeal–intestinal junction to the differentiated anterior section (U31–U35) of the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FAE6FD23E2F3FD6D" box="[1327,1416,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FA5AFD23E2C6FD6D" box="[1427,1469,739,763]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FCF0FCC3E4FBFC8C" box="[825,896,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired adhesive glands (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FB5AFCC3E3D9FC8C" box="[1171,1186,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U85–U92) are placed right behind the terminal part of the intestine, forming a short dichotomy at the subtle furca base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB5CFC81E390FCCF" box="[1173,1259,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adhesive tubes are relatively short, just 4.7–4.9 μm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB72FCA1E274FCEF" box="[1211,1295,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF0FC5AE408FC24" blockId="28.[825,883,922,946]" box="[825,883,922,946]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Scales</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF7FC7FE34DFA86" blockId="28.[825,1475,959,1672]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Almost the entire body is covered by overlapping scales that adhere to the basal cuticle layer along most or all of their perimeter. Scales are distributed in 37 longitudinal dorsal alternating columns, with usually 23 scales in the central column. Central dorsal longitudinal rows of scales begin at the level of the posterior edge of the cephalion (
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FBAEFB9CE30DFBE5" box="[1127,1142,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U6). They run almost along the whole body length (till U96) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB40FBBBE393FB04" box="[1161,1256,1146,1171]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB30FBBBE258FB05" box="[1273,1315,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrolateral rows commence at U12 due to the highly developed ventral ciliary bands and terminate at the furca branches at
|
||
<emphasis id="83C6EAD2FFD8FFE9FA8BFB7AE229FB47" box="[1346,1362,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">c.</emphasis>
|
||
U97 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FA51FB79E41FFB66" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FCBBFB19E4E1FB67" box="[882,922,1241,1265]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are about seven to nine ventrolateral rows of scales on each body side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FC9CFAD7E3F0F91E" blockId="28.[825,1475,959,1672]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
The most abundant
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FBECFAD8E328FAA6" box="[1061,1107,1304,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of body scales is very narrowly oblong with a slight size increase in a posterior direction (head: 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm, neck: 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm, trunk:4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB6AFAB5E261FA1B" box="[1187,1306,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FAEAFAB5E236FA1B" box="[1315,1357,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Narrowly oblong scales cover the dorsal, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral body sides. The only other
|
||
<typeStatus id="6E098862FFD8FFE9FB9EFA74E3FEFA5A" box="[1111,1157,1460,1484]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of scales on the dorsal side of the trunk is represented by a pair of cordiform, double-keeled, sensory bristle scales (2.03–2.21 × 1.79–1.91 μm), which are placed at U85 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FC17F9D2E323F9BF" box="[990,1112,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FBAFF9D2E3EBF9BC" box="[1126,1168,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB56F9D2E3B0F9BC" box="[1183,1227,1554,1578]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal furca base and branches are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FC02F9B0E33FF91E" box="[971,1092,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[129,1473,144,1768]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 15. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, dorsal overview showing the keel pattern.The body is stocky and about 128 µm long. The head is almost as wide as the neck, separated from the trunk by a more or less distinct neck constriction. The cephalion is large and clearly demarcated, while the epipleurae and hypopleurae are only indistinctly marked in the head outline. B‒D, head, neck, and trunk dorsal scales are keeled and very narrowly oblong.Their size slightly increases in a posterior direction, i.e. from 2.55–5.59 × 0.65–1.65 μm in the head through 4.08–5.20 × 0.75–1.01 μm in the neck region to 4.79–5.75 × 1.29–1.94 μm in the trunk.E, sensory bristle scales are double-keeled and cordiform.F‒H, the dorsal furca base and furca appendages are covered by a pair of roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales as well as with two pairs of fusiform and keeled scales. at, adhesive tube; ceph, cephalion. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240084/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 15F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB87F9B0E301F91E" box="[1102,1146,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF0F969E279F957" blockId="28.[825,1282,1705,1729]" box="[825,1282,1705,1729]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Ventral ciliary bands and ventral interciliary field</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD8FFE9FCF0F90EE3FDF857" blockId="28.[825,1475,1742,1985]" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Ventral ciliary bands commence at U7 and they start to diverge posteriorly from U70 to U85, very likely due to the developing eggs. Each ciliary band is laterally and ventrolaterally accompanied by one (U8–U20), two (U21–U31), and up to six (U37–U70) alternating rows of very narrowly oblong scales (1.4–6.6 × 0.8–1.3 µm). From U73 to U85, the number of rows gradually decreases to one row due to the posteriorly diverging ciliary bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FC02F869E339F857" box="[971,1090,1961,1985]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">Figs 16A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD8FFE9FB84F869E30EF857" box="[1101,1141,1961,1985]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="311">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B10D36C0FFD9FFE8FF44FF50E609FEF2" blockId="29.[113,763,144,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">
|
||
The ventral interciliary field is almost naked except for the posterior trunk end (U84–U87), which bears three staggered transversal rows of narrowly oblong scales (2.0–4.6 × 0.6–13 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD9FFE8FF64FF2EE653FE90" box="[173,296,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">Figs 16A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD9FFE8FEFDFF2EE61AFE90" box="[308,353,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">18D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The last pair of the ventral interciliary field scales is located on the furca base. These scales (5.7 × 3.3 µm) have an oblong shape with a posteriorly truncated edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD9FFE8FFB5FE8CE78DFEF5" box="[124,246,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1778,1802]" captionTargetBox="[115,1455,145,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-7@25.[113,1457,144,1750]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, ventral overview showing the general body organization.B, mouth ring. C, mouth and undermouth region. D, ventrolateral scales are keeled and narrowly to very narrowly oblong.E, the head is roughly five-lobed in the ventral view. F, the pharynx has several reinforcements. G, H, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by staggered transversal rows of oblong to very narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong and posteriorly truncated scales.das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; epi, epipleurae; hs, hypostomium; hyp, hypopleurae; int, intestine; m, mouth; ov, ovum; ph, pharynx; phr, pharynx reinforcements; rr, rod-like reinforcements. Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240086/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">Figs 16A, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD9FFE8FEC8FE8CE651FEF2" box="[257,298,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-7@26.[129,1473,145,1745]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov.A, B, dorsal and ventral overviews, showing the general body organization and the keel pattern. The body is stocky and tenpin-shaped with a roughly five-lobed head that is almost as wide as the neck, causing the head–neck transition to be indistinct. The trunk is bulbous and distinctly wider than the head. The pharynx extends from U3 to U30, has two weakly marked anterior and posterior dilatations, and continues through the pharyngeal-intestinal junction to the intestine, which extends from U35 to U87.White arrowheads denote the sensory bristle scales, while black arrowheads mark the keeled, broadly oblong, and posteriorly truncated scales placed in the central region of the furca base. ceph, cephalion; m, mouth; ov, ovum; s, sensory bristles; sc, sensory cilia; vcb, ventral ciliary bands.Scale bars = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240088/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">17B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29892A45FFD9FFE8FEFCFE8CE61AFEF2" box="[309,353,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1457,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 18. Heterolepidoderma striatum sp. nov. A, overview showing the internal morphology.B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the pharynx and the pharyngeal–intestinal junction. Note that the hypopleurae are only very indistinctly marked in the head outline. C, detail of the posterior body region, showing the narrowly oblong scales, sensory bristle scales (white arrowheads), as well as the paired roughly rectangular and multi-keeled scales at the furca base.These peculiar scales represent a morphological autapomorphy of He. striatum, reliably differentiating it from all congeners. D, the posterior region of the ventral interciliary field is covered by narrowly oblong scales and a pair of broadly oblong scales. E, the furca indentation is broadly U-shaped. at, adhesive tubes; ceph, cephalion; epi, epipleurae; das, differentiated anterior section of intestine; hyp, hypopleurae; m, mouth; pij, pharyngeal–intestinal junction.Scale bars = 5 µm (C, D, E), 15 µm (B), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240090/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="312">18D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |