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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.2617" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d16331fe-67e2-42c9-9bec-7af971d98d4f" ID-PMC="PMC3288679" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-170-29" ID-PubMed="22408380" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-170-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 170" ModsDocTitle="Antispila oinophylla new species (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae), a new North American grapevine leafminer invading Italian vineyards: taxonomy, DNA barcodes and life cycle" checkinTime="1451249334109" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Wagner, David L., Baldessari, Mario, Mazzon, Luca, Angeli, Gino, Girolami, Vicenzo, Duso, Carlo &amp; Doorenweerd, Camiel" docDate="2012" docId="38D4639FAC5F0420694C6720BC05A6D1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 170: 29-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 170" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.2617" docTitle="Antispila oinophylla Van Nieukerken &amp; Wagner, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="4D7BFFB3FF9BD162FF981207FFE3FFB9" masterDocTitle="Antispila oinophylla new species (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae), a new North American grapevine leafminer invading Italian vineyards: taxonomy, DNA barcodes and life cycle" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668153257110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Antispila oinophylla new species (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae), a new North American grapevine leafminer invading Italian vineyards: taxonomy, DNA barcodes and life cycle</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, David L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baldessari, Mario</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mazzon, Luca</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Angeli, Gino</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Girolami, Vicenzo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Duso, Carlo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>170</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>29</mods:start>
<mods:end>77</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.2617</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.170.2617</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-170-29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033315" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F58A029E-A856-4414-B4EA-D7CAA6151948" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38D4639FAC5F0420694C6720BC05A6D1" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F58A029E-A856-4414-B4EA-D7CAA6151948" authority="Van Nieukerken &amp; Wagner" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla Van Nieukerken &amp; Wagner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="36">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="69">-69-</normalizedToken>
296263
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
sp.;
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Baldessari et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 68 [first record for Italy];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Duso et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
[pest status].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Needham et al. 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 289 [partim];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Davis 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 4 [partim];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">van Nieukerken 2011</bibRefCitation>
: Fauna Europaea database;
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: S57;
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">van Nieukerken et al. 2011a</bibRefCitation>
: 51. Misidentifications.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsiella">Antispila ampelopsiella</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Dyar et al. 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 539 [partim];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Barnes and McDunnough 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 181 [partim];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 226 [partim];
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 171" title="Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, 2. Microlepidoptera." volume="2" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 91 [partim];
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Brower 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 29 [partim]. Misidentifications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
Holotype ♂, USA: Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, E of Chatsworth, GA rd 52, 523 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.74066">34.74066N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.71852">84.71852W</geoCoordinate>
, hardwood forest along highway, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
var. aestivalis, 14.x.2010, EvN2010266, emerged 14.
<normalizedToken originalValue="iv">iv-</normalizedToken>
4.v.2011, E.J. van Nieukerken &amp; C. Doorenweerd, Genitalia slide EJvN 4204, RMNH.INS.24204 (RMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
32♂, 31♀. Italy: 1♂, 3♀ (all dissected), Trento, Borgo Valsusana, leafmines 2007, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Vitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">Vitis vinifera</taxonomicName>
, emerged 1.
<normalizedToken originalValue="iii">iii-</normalizedToken>
26.iv.2008, M. Baldessari; 3♀, same locality, 13.viii.2008; 10♂, 1♀ (1♂ RMNH.INS.23920 dissected &amp; DNA barcode), same locality, 18.viii.2008; 17♂, 18♀ (1♂ RMNH.INS.24038, 1♀ RMNH.INS.24039 dissected &amp; DNA barcode), same locality, 29.vi.2009, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Vitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">Vitis vinifera</taxonomicName>
, EvN no 2009903, emerged in Leiden, 14.
<normalizedToken originalValue="vii">vii-</normalizedToken>
6.viii.2009, M. Baldessari (all RMNH). Canada: 1♂, Ontario, Ottawa, mines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
, rearing 57-112, emerged 31.iii.1958, Freeman &amp; Lewis (CNC); 1♀, Quebec, Hull, mines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
, rearing 55-228, emerged 26.vi.1956, T.N. Freeman (CNC). USA: 1♂, Connecticut
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="37" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
Tolland Co., Mansfield, 22.viii.1989, leafmines on Vitis, DLW89H37 breeding, emerged 4.v.1990, D.L. Wagner (DLW); 1♀ (dissected), Connecticut, Windham Co., Hampton, 916 Pudding Hill Rd., leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
1-5.ix.1988, DLW 88J7, emerged 20.vii.1989, D.L. Wagner (DLW); 1♂ 1 ♀, Georgia, same data as holotype; 1♀, Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, Cohutta Overlook, 730 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.785355">34.785356N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.62732">84.627323W</geoCoordinate>
, shrub in forest clearing, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
var. bicolor, 14.x.2010, EvN2010270, emerged 19.iv.2011, E.J. van Nieukerken &amp; C. Doorenweerd (RMNH); 1♀ (dissected, EvN 4211), Kentucky, [Covington], bred, [19th century], Chambers,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“pseudotype,”">&quot;pseudotype,&quot;</normalizedToken>
MCZ Type 1367 (MCZ); 1♂, 1♀ (♂ dissected), Vermont, Chittenden Co., South Burlington, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
11.viii.1988, DLW 88H23, emerged 30.
<normalizedToken originalValue="iii">iii-</normalizedToken>
15.v.1989, D.L. Wagner (DLW).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" type="non-type material">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="37">Non-type material</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="37">
(all in RMNH).Italy: leafmines &amp; larvae, Borgo Valsusana, 29.vi.2009, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">Vitis vinifera</taxonomicName>
, EvN no 2009903, M. Baldessari. USA: 1 larva, Connecticut, Tolland Co., Storrs campus, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis labrusca" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="labrusca">Vitis labrusca</taxonomicName>
, 185 m, 8.ix.2011, EvN2011168, B. Gagliardi; leafmines and larvae (being reared), Connecticut, New London Co., Connecticut College Arboretum, 34 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.37929">41.37929N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.11121">72.11121W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis labrusca" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="labrusca">Vitis labrusca</taxonomicName>
, 10.ix.2011, EvN2011193, E.J. van Nieukerken; leafmines and larvae (being reared), Connecticut, New Haven Co., West Rock Ridge SP, 125 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.33353">41.33353N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.96423">72.96423W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
var aestivalis, 10.ix.2011, EvN2011198, E.J. van Nieukerken; leafmines &amp; larvae (DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18394), Georgia, same data as holotype; leafmines &amp; larvae (DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18392), Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, Cohutta Overlook, 730 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.78535">34.78535N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-84.62732">84.62732W</geoCoordinate>
, shrub in forest clearing, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
var. bicolor, 14.x.2010, EvN2010270, E.J. van Nieukerken &amp; C. Doorenweerd (RMNH); leafmines &amp; 2 larvae (DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18533), Massachusetts, Berkshire Co., Beartown State forest, SW margin, 480 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.19814">42.19814N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.28928">73.28928W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
, 12.ix.2011, EvN2011208, E.J. van Nieukerken; leafmines &amp; larvae (DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18558), New York, Essex Co., Hwy 9N, 3.5 km WSW Keeseville, 142 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.49233">44.49233N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.52042">73.52042W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
, 14.ix.2011, EvN2011237, E.J. van Nieukerken; leafmines &amp; larvae (DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18555), New York, Essex Co., Wilsboro, Noblewood Park, 62 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.35216">44.35216N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.36435">73.36435W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
, 14.ix.2011, EvN2011244, E.J. van Nieukerken; leafmines &amp; larvae (DNA barcodes RMNH.INS.18298, 18300), Tennessee, Blount Co., NP Great Smoky Mts, Rich Mountain Gap, 619 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.64557">35.64557N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.80537">83.80537W</geoCoordinate>
, rich forest on limestone ridge, leafmines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vulpina" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpina">Vitis vulpina</taxonomicName>
, 2.x.2010, EvN2010119, E.J. van Nieukerken &amp; C. Doorenweerd (RMNH); mine and larva, (DNA barcode LGSME035-06), Tennessee, Cocke Co., Cosby, ATBI house,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.77771">35.77771N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.21359">83.21359W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
sp. 12.viii.2006, DLW 2006H55, D.L. Wagner (DLW); leafmines &amp; larvae (being reared and DNA barcode RMNH.INS.18669), Vermont
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="38" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
Addison Co., Button Bay SP, Lake Champlain borders, 44 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.18154">44.18154N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.36892">73.36892W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
, 16.ix.2011, EvN2011253, E.J. van Nieukerken.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
In North America, at least four other species have an apical silver spot (together forming the ampelopsifoliella group):
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila voraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voraginella">Antispila voraginella</taxonomicName>
, which has a darker head, an unnamed species from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
(here
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“vitis2”">&quot;vitis2&quot;</normalizedToken>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila hydrangaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrangaeella">Antispila hydrangaeella</taxonomicName>
Chambers, 1874. The latter, which is closely similar in appearance, can be separated by the greater number of white flagellomeres at the antennal tip (six segments) and feeds on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Hydrangea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrangea arborescens" order="Cornales" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Hydrangea arborescens</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName genus="Hydrangeaceae" lsidName="Hydrangeaceae" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Hydrangeaceae</taxonomicName>
). Dissection of genitalia is needed to distinguish
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
from other members of the ampelopsifoliella group. Male genitalia are characterised by the long carinal spine at the phallotrema and several other details; female genitalia differ by the number of cusps on the ovipositor from at least
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
In Europe,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName family="Heliozelidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Heliozelidae</taxonomicName>
with a similar forewing colour pattern (species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispilina</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holocacista" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holocacista</taxonomicName>
) by the presence of a small silvery spot in the apical part of forewing and the distinctly white head. Some
<taxonomicName family="Elachistidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Elachistidae</taxonomicName>
are superficially similar, but differ in long-pointed and upcurved palpi, longer antennae and more elongate habitus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
The leafmine of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holocacista rivillei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivillei">Holocacista rivillei</taxonomicName>
by its short initial gallery, which is later usually completely incorporated into the blotch, whereas the initial gallery of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holocacista rivillei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivillei">Holocacista rivillei</taxonomicName>
mines is usually as long as or longer than the blotch, and remains intact. In Eastern North America other
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
-feeding
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
do not show the concentric arrangement of frass that is typical for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
- particularly in thinner leaves -and the mines are often larger. Mines of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
cf isabella and related species are much larger, and also have much larger cut-outs, 5 mm or longer. Since not all
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
miners have been comprehensively studied, mine identification cannot yet be relied on.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Adult (Figs 1-5). Head face and vertex covered with appressed, strongly metallic, silvery-white scales, more prominently raised in male. Palpi porrect, white; base of proboscis covered with white scales. Antenna fuscous, apical 1 or 2 flagellomeres white. Labial palp silvery white, slightly upturned. Thorax lead-coloured, shiny, contrasting with forewings. Legs grey, tarsi mostly yellowish white, especially on undersides. Forewing dark fuscous with silver-golden patterning; an outwardly oblique fascia from 1/8 of posterior margin to 1/4 of costa, narrowing towards costa; triangular (dorsal) spot at middle of posterior margin, reaching to middle of wing, smaller triangular costal spot just beyond middle, sometimes touching dorsal spot; small, silvery subapical spot in middle of wing at 3/4; fringe line distinct. Terminal fringe paler. Hindwing pale grey. Abdomen lead-coloured, including vestiture on external genitalia.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Figures 1-5.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, adult habitus. 1 Male holotype, RMNH.INS.24204 2 Female paratype, RMNH.INS.24039, Italy, Borgo Valsusana. 3-5 Alive male,Georgia, paratype, emerged 29.iv.2011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Measurements: male: forewing length 2.5-2.8 mm (2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10, n=11), wingspan 5.5-6.2 mm, 25-31 antennal segments (29.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.9, n=11); female: forewing length 2.3-2.8 mm (2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.16, n=10), wingspan 4.8-5.6 mm, 25-29 antennal segments (27.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.4, n=8).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
Venation (Fig. 6). Forewing with Sc barely visible. R1 a separate vein, connected by persistent trachea to Rs+M stem. Rs+M terminating in five branches, interpreted
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="39" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
Rs2 (possibly with 1) to costa, Rs3+4 to costa just before apex, M1 to dorsum just beyond apex, M2+3 to dorsum and a weakly developed CuA. A1+2 a strong separate vein. Hindwing with Sc barely or not visible, Rs+M a strong vein, bifurcate from ca. 1/4th, upper vein ending in two branches: Rs and M1, lower vein single (M3); Cu and A1+2 separate veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Compared to the complicate venation of many other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
species, including the type species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila metalella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metalella">Antispila metalella</taxonomicName>
, (example in Fig. 7,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila treitschkiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treitschkiella">Antispila treitschkiella</taxonomicName>
) venation reduced with loss of forewing cell, separate M stem and connection between R1 and Rs, loss of Rs1 and in hindwing loss of M2. The venation more closely resembles that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holocacista rivillei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivillei">Holocacista rivillei</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 8), which is even more reduced and also lacks Cu in the forewing.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Figures 6-7.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
, venation. 6
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, male, Italy, RMNH.INS.24257 7
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila treitschkiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="treitschkiella">Antispila treitschkiella</taxonomicName>
, male, Netherlands, Leiden, RMNH.INS.24258.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holocacista rivillei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rivillei">Holocacista rivillei</taxonomicName>
, venation.Female, Italy, RMNH.INS.24259.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia (Figs 9-16). Uncus bar-shaped, with two large setae dorsally. Vinculum very long, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly shallowly bilobed. Valva more or less triangular, pecten on pedicel, with 10-13 comb teeth (Fig. 15); inner margin of valva with setose lobe anterior to pecten pedicel; basally with a triangular protuberance, almost touching that of other valva; transtilla with trapezoid medial plate, sublateral processes relatively short. Juxta anteriorly spade-shaped, about half as long as phallus. Phallus long, anteriorly much widened, at phallotrema with a comb of about 10-12 strong teeth and at left side a very long curved process (Figs 10-12, 16).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Figures 9-16.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia.Paratype, Italy,RMNH.INS.23920 (9, 15, 16), Paratype, Italy, RMNH.INS.15247 (12),Holotype, RMNH.INS.24204 (10, 11, 13-14). 9 Complete genitalia with separate phallus in ventral view 10-12 Phallus and juxta in ventro-lateral view 15-16 Complex of tegumen, uncus, valvae and transtilla 15 Detail of valval tips and pectinifers 16 Detail of spines near phallotrema.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia (Figs 17-20). Ovipositor with 4-5 cusps at either side (Fig. 19). S8 medially indented, with many papillate setal sockets. Vestibulum with broad, indistinct sclerotization and no spines (Fig. 18).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Figures 17-20.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, female genitalia. 17 Terminal segmentsandapophyses, ventral view, paratype, EJvN4211,USA, Kentucky (pseudotype ampelopsifoliella) 18 Internal genitalia, lateral view, showing sclerotisation in vestibulum,paratype, EJvN4206,USA, Connecticut 19 Ovipositor tip, dorsal view, EJvN4206 20 Detail of S8, ventral view,paratype, Italy,RMNH.INS.15244.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
Host plants.In North America reared from or found as larva on summer grape
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
Michx., both var. aestivalis and var. bicolor Deam, fox grape
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis labrusca" order="Vitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="labrusca">Vitis labrusca</taxonomicName>
L., riverbank grape
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
Michx. and frost grape
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vulpina" order="Vitales" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpina">Vitis vulpina</taxonomicName>
L. Literature
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="40" start="start">records</pageBreakToken>
of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ampelopsifoliella”">&quot;ampelopsifoliella&quot;</normalizedToken>
from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
or grape likely refer to this species (
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 166 - 170. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100145;" url="10.4039/Ent6166-9" year="1874 a">Chambers 1874a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 197 - 198. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100146;" url="10.4039/Ent6197-10" year="1874 b">, b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Needham et al. 1928</bibRefCitation>
). We did not find any reports of this species occurring in vineyards in North America. In Italy mines produced by
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
were detected on various
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">Vitis vinifera</taxonomicName>
cultivars, hybrids (e.g.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
x rupestris) and French-American grapes (e.g. Clinton). Infestation levels on the latter were comparable with those observed on commercial vineyards. A preference for some grape cultivars (e.g. Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Muscat) is suggested from observations carried out in mixed cultivar vineyards. It is interesting that we also found active mines on Virginia creeper
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Parthenocissus quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
in Italy (Levico and Caldonazzo, Trento province) (identification of larvae confirmed by DNA barcodes, no rearing attempted), whereas we have as yet no records of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
from this host in North America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
Leafmines (Figs 21-28). The egg is inserted on the underside of a leaf, usually within 1-2 mm from a vein. The mine starts as a rather straight or slightly contorted gallery towards the vein, usually forms a right angle and often follows the vein for a short distance, then again turns away from the vein where it expands into a blotch. The gallery portion, of variable length, is usually later incorporated into the blotch mine. The frass is linear, usually occupies the complete mine width, but occasionally is deposited in a thin line (Fig. 27). In the blotch much of the blackish-brown frass is deposited close to the origin in semicircular concentric frass lines. This characteristic pattern is best seen in thin shade leaves (e.g., Figs 25, 26); in sun-exposed leaves the frass pattern is often obscured. The whole mine occupies as a rule an area of less than 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10 mm; only in thin leaves are mines appreciably larger. The larva cuts out an elliptic case of about 3.2-4.0 mm long.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
Figures 21-28.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, life history: leafmines on several species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
and different localities. 21, 23, 24 Italy, Borgo Valsusana,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">Vitis vinifera</taxonomicName>
, 25.vi.2009 22 USA: Vermont, Button Bay SP,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
16.ix.2011 25 USA:Tennessee, NP Great Smoky Mts,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vulpina" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpina">Vitis vulpina</taxonomicName>
, 2.x.2010, mine in shade leaf 26, 28 USA: Georgia, type locality,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis aestivalis" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivalis">Vitis aestivalis</taxonomicName>
var. aestivalis, 14.x.2010 27 USA: Vermont, Button Bay SP,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis riparia" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="riparia">Vitis riparia</taxonomicName>
, 16.ix.2011, DNA barcode,RMNH.INS.18589.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
(Fig. 29, 62). In North America,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
is known with certainty (material cited) from Canada: Ontario, Quebec; USA: Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, New York, Tennessee, and Vermont. Records under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
from Maine, Missouri, and Ohio (
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Brower 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
) may partly refer to this species. In Europe introduced into northern Italy, see below. In our experience in the southern Appalachians and New England, at least in the fall,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
is often the most abundant
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
species occurring on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
Figure 29.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, distribution in North America.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
The epithet oinophylla, a noun in apposition, is from the Greek
<normalizedToken originalValue="οινος">οινος</normalizedToken>
(oinos = wine) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="φυλλον">φυλλον</normalizedToken>
, plural
<normalizedToken originalValue="φυλλα">φυλλα</normalizedToken>
(phyllon, phylla = leaf), &quot;wine leaves,&quot; because the larva lives in the leaves of the grapevine from which wine is made.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" type="justification for status as new species">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">Justification for status as new species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="40">
Four species feeding on
<taxonomicName genus="Vitaceae" lsidName="Vitaceae" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
have been named previously from North America. No name-bearing types are available for three species, only for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila voraginella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voraginella">Antispila voraginella</taxonomicName>
is a holotype extant. The latter is clearly different from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, and restricted to western North America. For the eastern species
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila isabella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabella">Antispila isabella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila viticordifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viticordifoliella">Antispila viticordifoliella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
, we have only the original descriptions and subsequent interpretations to establish identities. The fact that our preliminary sampling of DNA barcodes for grape-feeding
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
show great diversity, complicates matters further. Below, we will discuss these three species in the chronological order of their descriptions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila isabella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabella">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="41" start="start">Antispila</pageBreakToken>
isabella
</taxonomicName>
was described from mines on &quot;Isabella grape&quot; (a cultivar of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis labrusca" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="labrusca">Vitis labrusca</taxonomicName>
) and adults (
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Clemens 1860</bibRefCitation>
). The description unequivocally describes a relatively large species without a silvery apical spot. Clemens characterizes the case (shield) as large and almost roundish - both features exclude our species. We have tentatively named one larger barcode cluster as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
cf. isabella, because mines and adults conform to this description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila viticordifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viticordifoliella">Antispila viticordifoliella</taxonomicName>
was also described by Clemens in 1860, from mines on &quot;wild grapes&quot; only, differing by a smaller case (shield) and a larva &quot;without dots.&quot; Although the foodplant was not explicitly mentioned by Clemens, from the species name it is evident that the host must have been
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis cordifolia" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">Vitis cordifolia</taxonomicName>
Michx. (a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vulpina" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpina">Vitis vulpina</taxonomicName>
). In fact his very brief description could fit the mines of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
, but subsequently the name has always (e.g.
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
) been used in the sense of
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 166 - 170. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100145;" url="10.4039/Ent6166-9" year="1874 a">Chambers (1874a)</bibRefCitation>
, who first described the moth (as &quot;viticordifoliella N. sp.?&quot;), without an apical spot and with several, white, distal flagellomeres. He reared that moth from the same hostplant (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis cordifolia" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">Vitis cordifolia</taxonomicName>
)as Clemens did, and was not able to find the mine on any other
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 166 - 170. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100145;" url="10.4039/Ent6166-9" year="1874 a">Chambers 1874a</bibRefCitation>
: 169). One of the species that we studied from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
has similar externals, and is named here
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
cf viticordifoliella (Fig. 37). Because we
<normalizedToken originalValue="havent">haven't</normalizedToken>
been able to find or rear any similar adults from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
we are at the moment unable to establish if the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
miner is indeed the same as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila viticordifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viticordifoliella">Antispila viticordifoliella</taxonomicName>
, but clearly it is not our species (because it lacks an apical spot). In a future revision a neotype will need to be selected to firmly anchor the identity of this species, material from the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chambers">Chambers'</normalizedToken>
collection (two extant
<normalizedToken originalValue="“syntypes”">&quot;syntypes&quot;</normalizedToken>
, see
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Miller and Hodges 1990</bibRefCitation>
) probably is most suitable for that goal. In collections and websites (e.g., http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/) the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila viticordifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viticordifoliella">Antispila viticordifoliella</taxonomicName>
is often misinterpreted as the species that we call
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
cf isabella or a closely related one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
:Chambers(1874a: 168) only briefly described the mine and larva from &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Ampelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ampelopsis quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Ampelopsis quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
&quot; [=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Parthenocissus quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
] (and stated that he &quot;never succeeded in breeding it.&quot;). Only a month later he described the moth under the name &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsisella">Antispila ampelopsisella</taxonomicName>
&quot; [sic, considered as a subsequent incorrect spelling], writing: &quot;Since that paper was placed in the hands of the Editor, many months ago, I have succeeded in rearing it from the mine [from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
]&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 197 - 198. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100146;" url="10.4039/Ent6197-10" year="1874 b">Chambers 1874b</bibRefCitation>
). Theconfusionof the new specieswith
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
dates from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chambers">Chambers'</normalizedToken>
original description, because he also described a moth that he reared from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
and shows the external characters of both species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
&quot;Last summer I found its leaves [referring to a
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
species] mined by a larva closely resembling that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
, supra, and which I suspect to be the same.
<normalizedToken originalValue="…..">.....</normalizedToken>
From it I bred the species described below, which I do not now name, as it may prove to be identical with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
.&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 166 - 170. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100145;" url="10.4039/Ent6166-9" year="1874 a">Chambers 1874a</bibRefCitation>
). One month later he wrote: &quot;but I believe it to be the same&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 197 - 198. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100146;" url="10.4039/Ent6197-10" year="1874 b">Chambers 1874b</bibRefCitation>
). Ever since these two publications, the species has been considered to feed both on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="12" pageNumber="41">Brower 1984</bibRefCitation>
). However, our rearing and barcode data show that two or three species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
are feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
, which show large barcode distances to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
or other
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
miners (Fig. 30), and thus are not identical.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="41">
Figure 30. Neighbor-joining tree for heliozelid COI barcodes, based on uncorrected pairwise distances. Numbers on branches are bootstrap values, 10,000 replicates.
<taxonomicName genus="Vitaceae" lsidName="Vitaceae" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
-feeding clusters are coloured differently, others in black. Labels include species name or informal name, codes for country and state (in North America) and sample numbers (Genbank numbers for sequences taken from Genbank).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="42" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chambers">Chambers'</normalizedToken>
collection at MCZ there are three specimens under the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
that probably served as the basis for the adult description. These specimens were termed pseudotypes (
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="42">Miller and Hodges 1990</bibRefCitation>
), since they were not available at the time of the original description, because then Chambers only had mines and larvae available. Of the three specimens, one is completely missing from the pin. The one labelled as from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
unfortunately is heavily damaged, only a forewing and hindwing being present. A third specimen, a female, is complete and was dissected (Fig. 17). This specimen, however, appears to be
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila oinophylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oinophylla">Antispila oinophylla</taxonomicName>
. This is no surprise, since
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 166 - 170. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100145;" url="10.4039/Ent6166-9" year="1874 a">Chambers (1874a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" title="Micro-Lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 6: 197 - 198. http: // biostor. org / reference / 100146;" url="10.4039/Ent6197-10" year="1874 b">1874b</bibRefCitation>
) considered the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vitis</taxonomicName>
miner to be the same as the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
miner, and thus he would have placed specimens reared from both hosts under the same name. There is no indication of the hostplant or the collecting year on this particular specimen, so it is useless for confirmation of the identity of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="13" pageNumber="42">
We restrict here the usage of the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
to the species feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
, with an apical spot (The generic name for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Parthenocissus quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
was
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Ampelopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ampelopsis" order="Vitales" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ampelopsis</taxonomicName>
at the time Chambers described the species.) Although we have not obtained a DNA barcode form such an adult, the fact that an adult from the other cluster on this host (see below) does not have such a spot and is tentatively identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antispila</taxonomicName>
cf viticordifoliella, we can associate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila ampelopsifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampelopsifoliella">Antispila ampelopsifoliella</taxonomicName>
adults with one of the larval types.
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="43" start="start">When</pageBreakToken>
adults are available for all barcode clusters, we suggest that a neotype be selected from material reared from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus" order="Vitales" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parthenocissus</taxonomicName>
from the vicinity of Covington, Kentucky, to fix the identity of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chambers">Chambers'</normalizedToken>
name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>