268 lines
23 KiB
XML
268 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="234" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="66" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="2" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="150" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. & Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB1EFFD4FC84FC71FD2BF95D" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280–318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Paracostus englerianus C. D. Specht" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="313" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="312" updateTime="1674678486854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>61</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>280</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>318</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB1EFFD4FC84FC71FD2BF95D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB1EFFD4FC84FC71FD2BF95D" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="312" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[824,1474,901,954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,1124,902,925]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6TNBS" ID-ENA="329240" authority="(K. Schum.) C. D. Specht" authorityName="C. D. Specht" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." box="[852,1381,901,925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[852,1124,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(K.Schum.) C.D.Specht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="12.[113,160,1907,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1441,176,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-11@12.[796,1439,598,1455]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Plate 1 a. Costus afer Ker Gawler. Flower. – b. Costus aureus Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.– c. Costus albiflos Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.– d. Costus dinklagei K.Schum. Habit and details. – e. Paracostus englerianus (K.Schum) C.D.Specht. Habit with flower. – f. Costus ligularis Baker. Inflorescence (a: Maas et al. 10023; b: photographed in Ghana,no specimen collected; c: Maas et al. 10411; d: N. Hallé 4129, drawing in his collecting book; e: photographed in Botanical gardens Utrecht, no specimen collected; f: Maas et al. 9794). — Photos: a, c, f: P.J.M.Maas; b: T.R.van Andel; d: C.D.Specht; e: L.Y.T.Westra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570031/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Plate 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[894,975,931,954]" captionStart="Map 15" captionStartId="33.[115,154,880,898]" captionTargetBox="[113,763,174,898]" captionTargetId="figure-1000@33.[75,797,525,569]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Map 15 Distribution of Paracostus englerianus (K.Schum.) C.D.Specht." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570081/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Map 15</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="312" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[824,1476,976,1225]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1890-09-02" collectingDateMax="1892-08-02" collectingDateMin="1890-09-02" collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" location="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cameroon" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(K. Schum.) C. D. Specht" authorityName="C. D. Specht" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." box="[824,1254,976,994]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,1035,976,994]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(K.Schum.) C.D.Specht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Specht & Stevenson (2006) 162. —
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1892)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1892" box="[973,1304,1002,1020]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[973,1145,1002,1020]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Costus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. (1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
419, t. 13 (
|
||
<date pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1892-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1892-08-02">2 Aug. 1892</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
); (1904) 424. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1035,1081,1028,1046]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1192,1028,1046]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Preuss 461</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1250,1263,1028,1046]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1376,1471,1027,1045]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Cameroon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[839,1037,1053,1071]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">W of Barombi-ba-Mbu</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1046,1163,1053,1071]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1890-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1046,1163,1053,1071]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1890-09-02">2 Sept. 1890</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1890-09-02" collectingDateMax="1892-08-02" collectingDateMin="1890-09-02" collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" location="Cameroon" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cameroon" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
As the holotype in B has been de- stroyed,the illustration accompanying the protologue (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">K.Schumann 1892: Tafel 13</emphasis>
|
||
), which is the only remaining original material, is here designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[898,980,1130,1148]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="312" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[824,1476,976,1225]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1892-12-10" collectionCode="K" country="Ghana" location="Gold Coast'" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="N. E. Br. (1892)" authorityName="N. E. Br." authorityYear="1892" box="[824,1090,1155,1174]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unifolius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,962,1155,1174]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Costus unifolius</emphasis>
|
||
N.E.Br. (1892)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
696 (
|
||
<date box="[1137,1257,1156,1174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1892-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1137,1257,1156,1174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="1892-12-10">10 Dec. 1892</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
), syn.nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1376,1422,1156,1174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Cultivated in Kew Gardens in 1892 from material received from Sander & Co.</emphasis>
|
||
, who collected it in
|
||
<quantity box="[1000,1065,1207,1225]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.80314" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="1891.0">1891 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1071,1130,1207,1225]" name="Ghana" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" value="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(‘
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB1EFFD4FC84FC71FD2BF95D:B500602FBB1EFFD5FBCAFB40FB36FB57" box="[1142,1251,1207,1225]" country="Ghana" name="Gold Coast'" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Gold Coast’</location>
|
||
) (holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1311,1327,1207,1225]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">K</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="312" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[824,1475,1248,2151]" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Terrestrial, prostrate herb
|
||
<quantity box="[1109,1223,1248,1271]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="m" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
tall; rhizomes>
|
||
<quantity box="[1409,1474,1248,1271]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, repeatedly branched, horizontally creeping,
|
||
<quantity box="[1362,1474,1278,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam, shoots reddish, provided with brown membranous sheaths 1.2–1.9 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1042,1168,1336,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
and roots with side roots to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[849,914,1366,1389]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,1056,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
1 per shoot; description of sheaths see under inflorescence; ligule and petiole absent; lamina green to shiny dark green above, paler green to whitish green below, elliptic to obovate or broadly so, 8–19 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1243,1339,1454,1477]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">5–13 cm</quantity>
|
||
, 3–4-plicate, glabrous on both sides, base attenuate, extreme base of leaf fleshy,
|
||
<quantity box="[897,1013,1512,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, at an angle of 45° with the lamina, sur- rounding the inflorescence, apex obtuse, minutely apiculate.
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,965,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
axillary, 1–7-flowered,
|
||
<quantity box="[1201,1319,1571,1594]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, the lower portion enclosed by the more or less overlapping margins of the base of the lamina and by the uppermost 1–3 sheathing leaf bases; sheaths to c. 6 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1152,1229,1659,1682]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, apex acute to obtuse; bracts, bracteoles and calyx rather densely covered with soft, erect hairs c.
|
||
<quantity box="[962,1020,1718,1741]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, ovary glabrous; bracts reddish brown, green, or yellow, membranous, broadly to depressed ovate, 0.7–1.5 by
|
||
<quantity box="[954,1063,1776,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, callus absent; appendages absent; bracteole pale brown to green, boat-shaped,
|
||
<quantity box="[1300,1416,1806,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus absent; calyx pale brown to green,
|
||
<quantity box="[1252,1355,1835,1858]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">9–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes (broadly) triangular,
|
||
<quantity box="[1036,1125,1864,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus absent; corolla white to pale green,
|
||
<quantity box="[990,1112,1893,1916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="28.0">28–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, tube
|
||
<quantity box="[1354,1474,1893,1916]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes erect, narrowly ovate-triangular,
|
||
<quantity box="[1295,1414,1923,1946]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; labellum white to slightly pink, inner side with yellow or orange nectar guide in the throat, horizontally flattened, (broadly) obo- vate when spread out, 20–50 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1176,1298,2011,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="12.0">12–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, margin crenate; stamen white, 15–35 by (1.5–)
|
||
<quantity box="[1160,1256,2040,2063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex yellow, anther
|
||
<quantity box="[824,916,2069,2092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; stigma is composed of a funnel-shaped upper part and a reflexed lamellate part; appendage absent.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1426,1474,2099,2122]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">Fruit</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[871,935,2128,2151]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="312">seeds</emphasis>
|
||
not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<table box="[115,748,391,898]" gridcols="2" gridrows="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<paragraph box="[317,610,391,780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<tr box="[115,748,391,409]" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th box="[115,430,391,409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">(</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[115,748,762,780]" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[511,748,762,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">(</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570081" box="[115,748,880,898]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570081/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" startId="33.[115,154,880,898]" targetBox="[113,763,174,898]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[115,748,880,898]" box="[115,748,880,898]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<tr box="[115,748,880,898]" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<td box="[115,748,880,898]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[115,182,880,898]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Map 15</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(K. Schum.) C. D. Specht." authorityName="C. D. Specht." baseAuthorityName="K. Schum." box="[324,748,880,898]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,530,880,898]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(K.Schum.) C.D.Specht.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="313" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[113,765,988,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Distribution — West Africa (Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Ni- geria); Central Africa (Cameroon, Congo Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="313" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[113,765,988,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
Habitat & Ecology
|
||
<emphasis box="[337,361,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">—</emphasis>
|
||
Understory of lowland rainforest, often forming dense patches and growing on rocks. At elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[113,224,1135,1158]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1100 m</quantity>
|
||
. Flowering and fruiting: all year through.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="313" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[113,765,988,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
IUCN Conservation Status —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[463,715,1164,1187]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,715,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with around 50 locations of which 14 have a protected status and an AOO of
|
||
<quantity box="[231,309,1223,1246]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" unit="km" value="484.0">484 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[310,318,1223,1236]" fontSize="5" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">2</superScript>
|
||
is assessed by us as Least Concern (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[718,754,1223,1246]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">LC</collectionCode>
|
||
). However, we need to note that nearly the entire distribution in Upper
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[218,296,1281,1304]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(West of the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[452,555,1282,1305]" name="Benin" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
|
||
Gap) is present in unprotected areas (only the locality in the Atewa Range has some protection, but see Hoekstra et al. 2016), while this area is seriously facing habitat destruction. If this somewhat isolated part of the species would prove to possess unique genetic (or morphological) features, these populations should get some attention and might need to be assessed separately.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="313" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[113,766,1503,1731]" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">
|
||
Note —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[232,481,1503,1526]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[232,481,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other African
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakai" authorityYear="1941" box="[196,311,1532,1555]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis box="[196,311,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">Costaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its prostrate and often lithophilic habit, 1 solitary leaf per shoot, few-flowered inflorescence with inconspicuous bracts and relatively small whitish flowers. The inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[287,437,1620,1643]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="33" pageNumber="313" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,437,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="313">P. englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is axillary. According to Specht & Stevenson (2006) the inflorescence emerges from the axil of the leaf and appears terminal due to secondary displacement along with lack of continued growth of the shoot apical meristem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |