179 lines
22 KiB
XML
179 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3F48AD209AA529ED0C75A528BD11FC53">Demystifying three species of Ctenidae (Arachnida: Araneae) described by Embrik Strand. Part I, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9EFB3F4AA5A293AB0381825DEB892048">Dupérré, Nadine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="781ACB41DCC38819BCD158DF060D5BCA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8879C1010FE966AF6F9AFC933B643E68">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="38643471FF938A2485881D49FC11FE69" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122945" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6122945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38643471FF938A2485881D49FC11FE69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38643471FF938A2485881D49FC11FE69" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF938A2785881D49FF4DFA47" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2785881D49FE02FAA4" blockId="1.[151,437,1365,1423]" box="[151,437,1365,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="EB3A320BFF938A2785881D49FE02FAA4" bold="true" box="[151,437,1365,1389]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A2785881D49FE02FAA4" ID-CoL="6BNXV" authority="Strand 1909" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,437,1365,1389]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datus">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785881D49FE02FAA4" bold="true" box="[151,437,1365,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785881D49FE91FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Ctenus datus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D45CF896FF938A2784331D49FE02FAA4" author="Strand" box="[300,437,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Strand, E. (1909) Nueu oder wenig bekannte sudamerikanische Cupiennius - und Ctenus - Arten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Systematik, 28, 293 - 328." type="journal article" year="1909">Strand 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2785881D64FF4DFA47" blockId="1.[151,437,1365,1423]" box="[151,250,1400,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF938A2785881D64FF41FA47" box="[151,246,1400,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF938A2785881DA1FE51FA1C" box="[151,486,1468,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2785881DA1FE51FA1C" blockId="1.[151,486,1468,1492]" box="[151,486,1468,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="90DDA249FF938A2785881DA1FE51FA1C" box="[151,486,1468,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A2785881DA1FE55FA1C" ID-CoL="6BNXV" authority="Strand 1909: 316" authorityName="Strand" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,482,1468,1492]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datus">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785881DA1FE96FA1C" box="[151,289,1468,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Ctenus datus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="316CA376FF938A2784371DA1FE55FA1C" author="Strand" box="[296,482,1469,1492]" page="316" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" year="1909">
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<bibRefCitation id="D45CF896FF938A2784371DA1FE1AFA1C" author="Strand" box="[296,429,1469,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Strand, E. (1909) Nueu oder wenig bekannte sudamerikanische Cupiennius - und Ctenus - Arten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Systematik, 28, 293 - 328." type="journal article" year="1909">Strand 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 316
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF938A2785881E1EFC5EF997" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2785881E1EFC5EF997" blockId="1.[151,1436,1537,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785881E1EFEF6F9D1" bold="true" box="[151,321,1538,1561]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<typeStatus id="6F763BC5FF938A2785881E1EFF78F9D1" box="[151,207,1538,1561]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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Label 1: Species:
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A2787081E1EFCD6F9D1" authority="Strand. Fundort" authorityName="Strand. Fundort" box="[535,865,1537,1561]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datus">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2787081E1EFD11F9D1" box="[535,678,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Ctenus datus</emphasis>
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Strand. Fundort
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</taxonomicName>
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: 1♀
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<typeStatus id="6F763BC5FF938A2786831E1EFC48F9D1" box="[924,1023,1538,1561]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(Cotype), Cachabé. Leg. Rosenberg,
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<date id="C473A3A7FF938A2785881E39FEB2F9F4" box="[151,261,1573,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" value="1898-09-29">29.9.1898</date>
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. Det.
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<bibRefCitation id="D45CF896FF938A27845C1E39FE70F9F4" author="Strand" box="[323,455,1573,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Strand, E. (1909) Nueu oder wenig bekannte sudamerikanische Cupiennius - und Ctenus - Arten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Systematik, 28, 293 - 328." type="journal article" year="1909">Strand 1909</bibRefCitation>
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. Zool. Mus. Berlin: Kat Nr. 30656. Label 2: Cachabé. Von Herrn Rosenberg in London.
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<date id="C473A3A7FF938A2780671E39FF51F997" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" value="1898-09-28">28- 9-1898</date>
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. Label 3:
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A2784511E54FD93F997" authority="Strand" authorityName="Strand" box="[334,548,1607,1631]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="datus">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2784511E54FE6EF997" box="[334,473,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Ctenus datus</emphasis>
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Strand
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<typeStatus id="6F763BC5FF938A27872E1E54FDDEF997" box="[561,617,1608,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
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!]. (Deposited
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<collectionCode id="D6DC1DA2FF938A2786151E54FCF2F997" box="[778,837,1608,1631]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">ZMB</collectionCode>
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) EXAMINED.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF938A2785D81E76FD68F90F" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2785D81E76FD68F90F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1537,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785D81E76FE8BF949" bold="true" box="[199,316,1642,1665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Females can be distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A27863B1E76FCD9F949" box="[804,878,1642,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A27863B1E76FCD9F949" box="[804,878,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Ctenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by the shape of the ovoid lobes (
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF938A2780341E76FA39F949" box="[1323,1422,1642,1665]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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); from
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A2785CE1E91FEE6F96C" box="[209,337,1676,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785CE1E91FEE6F96C" box="[209,337,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">C. amphora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the ovoid lobes separated by a deep to shallow groove (
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF938A2786D51E91FB9DF96C" box="[970,1066,1677,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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) without space; from
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<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF938A27800A1E91FA2BF96C" box="[1301,1436,1676,1700]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vehemens">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A27800A1E91FA2BF96C" box="[1301,1436,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">C. vehemens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the oval spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF938A2784AC1EACFE44F90F" box="[435,499,1712,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), rounded in the later.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF938A2485D81ECEFECAFEF1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="B0728567FF938A2485D81ECEFF03FEDF" blockId="1.[151,1436,1537,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A2785D81ECEFEE5F921" bold="true" box="[199,338,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
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(specimen faded):
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A27875B1ECEFD17F921" bold="true" box="[580,672,1746,1770]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="82B95975FF938A27875B1ECEFD20F922" bold="true" box="[580,663,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Female</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Total length: 14.3; carapace length: 6.1; carapace width: 4.9. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace orange, slightly darker along radiating lines; pyriform; fovea long; covered with short white setae. Clypeus low (
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<date id="C473A3A7FF938A2784DD1F04FE52F8E7" box="[450,485,1816,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">1 x</date>
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AME). Sternum light orange, as long as wide. Endites longer than wide; labium not notched. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown, geniculate; promargin with three teeth and retromargin with five teeth. EYES: Eight in three rows; AME rounded, separated by half their width; PME rounded, separated by half their width; AME- PME separated by half the width of AME; ALE oval, small close to PLE; PLE rounded. ABDOMEN: Light beige, elongated oval. LEGS: Orange; leg spination damaged, not examined (see
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<bibRefCitation id="D45CF896FF938A2786AE1FBEFB81F871" author="Strand" box="[945,1078,1954,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Strand, E. (1909) Nueu oder wenig bekannte sudamerikanische Cupiennius - und Ctenus - Arten. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Systematik, 28, 293 - 328." type="journal article" year="1909">Strand 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 317); metatarsus IV unmodified; tarsal claw with one large and two to three small tooth; claw tufts presents. Palpal claw with four large teeth and one small tooth. GENITALIA: Epigynum with large ovoid lobes separated by deep (
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF908A2481061884FBEDFF67" box="[1049,1114,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) to shallow groove (
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<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF908A2480561884FA39FF67" box="[1353,1422,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); median sector bulbous and dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF908A24871F18A6FDD3FF19" box="[512,612,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral spurs positioned medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF908A2486F518A6FBF9FF19" box="[1002,1102,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal genitalia: copulatory ducts large; spermathecae oval; fertilization ducts curved, situated on the outer side at the base of the spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="28F699E2FF908A24806E18C1FF11FEDF" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1463,1486]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,479,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,471,1438]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ctenus datus Strand, 1909. Female 1 – 3. 1. Holotype, epigynum ventral view. 2. Syntype, epigynum ventral view. 3. Syntype, internal genitalia dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, copulatory ducts; fd, fertilization ducts; ls, lateral spurs; ms, median sector; ol, ovoid lobes; s, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0728567FF908A2485D8193EFECAFEF1" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" box="[199,381,290,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2485D8193EFEB1FEF1" bold="true" box="[199,262,290,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2485D8193EFF48FEF2" bold="true" box="[199,255,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF908A2485D81959FA34FEB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0728567FF908A2485D81959FD82FE94" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" box="[199,565,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2485D81959FE5AFE94" bold="true" box="[199,493,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0728567FF908A2485D81974FA34FEB7" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" box="[199,1411,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2485D81974FEBAFEB7" bold="true" box="[199,269,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species clearly belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77CDFEE4FF908A2487D11974FCAFFEB7" box="[718,792,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2487D11974FCAFFEB7" box="[718,792,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Ctenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of large ovoid lobes of the epigynum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F8D7D6ECFF908A2485D81996FC11FE69" box="[199,934,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0728567FF908A2485D81996FC11FE69" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" box="[199,934,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="82B95975FF908A2485D81996FEEEFE69" bold="true" box="[199,345,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8DAC5F7FF908A2484401996FE0DFE69" box="[351,442,394,417]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Esmeraldas Province, San Javier de Cachabi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |