treatments-xml/data/38/3B/53/383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.95222" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F13322B4EA435C6CAB5B8FCE42760563" ID-ZooBank="7D011FEE8B7D48D5968A129CB317B9B2" ModsDocID="1860-0743-99-1-63" checkinTime="1673667869275" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tibirica, Yara, Stroemvoll, Jenny &amp; Cervera, Juan Lucas" docDate="2023" docId="383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 99(1): 63-75" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 99 (1)" docPubDate="2023-01-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.95222" docTitle="Jorunna liviae Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5B6809CC-32EE-456F-8302-4B8A3D4E0513" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="F13322B4EA435C6CAB5B8FCE42760563" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="F13322B4EA435C6CAB5B8FCE42760563" masterDocTitle="Can you find me? A new sponge-like nudibranch from the genus Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Discodorididae)" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1673668170301" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Can you find me? A new sponge-like nudibranch from the genus Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Discodorididae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tibirica, Yara</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3955-8186</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Universidad de Cadiz, Av. Republica Saharaui, s / n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yara.tibirica@gm.uca.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stroemvoll, Jenny</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Universitario de Investigacio ́ n Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Universidad de Ca ́ diz, Av. Repu ́ blica Saharaui, s / n, 11510 Puerto Real (Ca ́ diz), Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cervera, Juan Lucas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-2867</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI · MAR), Universidad de Cadiz, Av. Republica Saharaui, s / n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.95222</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-63</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7D011FEE8B7D48D5968A129CB317B9B2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5B6809CC-32EE-456F-8302-4B8A3D4E0513" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/5B6809CC-32EE-456F-8302-4B8A3D4E0513" authority="Tibiriçá, Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae" status="sp. nov.">
Jorunna liviae 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tibiriçá">Tibirica</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Strömvoll">Stroemvoll</normalizedToken>
&amp; Cervera
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName authority="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera, 2023" authorityName="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Jorunna</taxonomicName>
sp.: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Strömvoll">Stroemvoll</normalizedToken>
, J. &amp; Jones, G. (2019): pg.49.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-04-12" country="Mozambique" elevation="15" location="Doodles" municipality="Ponta do Ouro" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: MNCN15.05/200187 (dissected and sequenced), 
<collectingDate value="2022-04-12">12.04.2022</collectingDate>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:AD3D437DD4D1A00ABCAC8A5FF47260D3" country="Mozambique" municipality="Ponta do Ouro" name="Doodles">Doodles</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Ponta do Ouro</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, length 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-04-12" collectingDateMax="2022-06-23" collectingDateMin="2022-04-12" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" elevation="17" location="Doodles" municipality="Steps Reef" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: MNCN15.05/200188 (dissected and sequenced), 
<collectingDate value="2022-04-12">12.04.2022</collectingDate>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:DB3F1E541E0B0515D55F210C81BD88C3" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Doodles">Doodles</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:57A659E63DB34BC10319386A512F54A1" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Ponta do Ouro">Ponta do Ouro</location>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="17.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, length 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
. MNCN15.05/94693 (sequenced and tomography), 
<collectingDate value="2022-04-12">12.04.2022</collectingDate>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:E38BA428F369143132922C9445364013" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Doodles">Doodles</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:F1A1FC5E155B05FC3AF52EC739CBF6D7" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Ponta do Ouro">Ponta do Ouro</location>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, length 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
., size 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. MNCN15.05/200189 (dissected and sequenced), 
<collectingDate value="2022-04-14">14.04.2022</collectingDate>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:ACAE5D3BC26111CD11F405A73A8F93FE" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Doodles">Doodles</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:383B534898205DB78D066D14ED7ECE75:B7EEBE6B15558B2B7FA3361C23E3DDF5" country="Mozambique" county="Ponta do Ouro" municipality="Steps Reef" name="Ponta do Ouro">Ponta do Ouro</location>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, length 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
. MHNM.MOL.2022.0002, (2 specs.), 
<collectingDate value="2022-06-23">23.06.2022</collectingDate>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Steps Reef</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty>Ponta do Ouro</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="16.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, length 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
(both)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique (
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-26.857224">26°51'26&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="4" value="32.884445">32°53'4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Specimens were collected on submerged subtropical compressed sandstone reefs in Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Body elongate-ovulated. Dorsum pale gray to pink, covered on highly dense caryphyllidia; rhinophores short, with up to nine lamellae, ending in a knob apex; six to nine bipinnate branchial leaves encircling the anal pore. Radula with five to seven very thin pectinated outermost teeth bearing long bundled fibrous denticles. Labial cuticle smooth. Copulatory spine with bifid apex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
This species is dedicated to Livia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Renée">Renee</normalizedToken>
Cornelius, daughter of the second author of this paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">External morphology</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) of J. liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 94693). A. Exterior view: dorsal (top) and anterior (bottom); B. Internal arrangement of the spicules: dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom); C. General internal arrangement of spicules: green = top right; blue = middle right; red = bottom right." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795294" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2</figureCitation>
). Length varied from 11 to 30mm. Body elongate-ovulated, with gritty texture (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1A</figureCitation>
). Mantle covered on highly dense caryophyllid, evenly distributed on the dorsum (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) of J. liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 94693). A. Exterior view: dorsal (top) and anterior (bottom); B. Internal arrangement of the spicules: dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom); C. General internal arrangement of spicules: green = top right; blue = middle right; red = bottom right." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795294" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2A</figureCitation>
). Caryophyllidia elongated, formed by five to eight spicules, projecting over tip, forming a crown of approximately 140 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
on the dorsum, taller on the margin of gill sheath (≈ 280 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). Rhinophoral and branchial sheaths low, margin covered by caryophyllidia (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1D</figureCitation>
). Rhinophores short, retractable, with six to eight diagonal lamellae with a knob protruding apex (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1E</figureCitation>
). Gill with six to nine retractile, bipinnate branchial leaves, held vertically and forming a closed circle around the anal pore (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1F</figureCitation>
). Foot narrower than mantle, bilabiate anteriorly, upper lip bifurcate at center (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1B</figureCitation>
). Side of the foot covered by spicules (≈ 60 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), spicules absent on foot sole (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 200187) external morphology. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; D. Rhinophores sheath details; E. Rhinophore; F. Gill branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">1B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) of J. liviae sp. nov. (MNCN 15.05 / 94693). A. Exterior view: dorsal (top) and anterior (bottom); B. Internal arrangement of the spicules: dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom); C. General internal arrangement of spicules: green = top right; blue = middle right; red = bottom right." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795294" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2B, C</figureCitation>
). Feet do not project beyond mantle in natural crawling position. Oral tentacles small and conical. Dorsum color pale pink to gray. Some specimens covered by pinkish-brown minute dots forming spots distributed on the notum. Gill and rhinophores translucent pinkish-white. Oral tentacle white. Upper lip translucent white with brownish dots. Foot pinkish-white.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795293" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (MNCN15.05/200187) external morphology. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
Ventral view; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C.</emphasis>
SEM photography of dorsal caryophyllids; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D.</emphasis>
Rhinophores sheath details; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E.</emphasis>
Rhinophore; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F.</emphasis>
Gill branches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795294" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Microcomputed tomography (µCT) of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (MNCN15.05/94693). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
Exterior view: dorsal (top) and anterior (bottom); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
Internal arrangement of the spicules: dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C.</emphasis>
General internal arrangement of spicules: green = top right; blue = middle right; red = bottom right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Internal morphology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. internal anatomy. A. Oral mass; mo - mouth; rm - retractor muscles; ob - oral bulb; oe - oesophagus; ot - oral tube; rs - radular sac; sg - salivary gland; B. Central system (blood gland removed); cg - cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; ey - eye; gp - pedal ganglia; pl - pleural ganglia; rg - rhinophoral ganglia; C. Reproductive system; ag - accessory gland; amp - ampulla; bc - bursa copulatrix; cs - copulatory spine; dd - deferent duct; pr - prostate; sr - seminal receptacle; ud - uterine duct; vag - vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4</figureCitation>
) The visceral mass is enveloped by a translucent-white tissue covered by brownish dots. Eye spots are visible by transparency.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 3.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
labial cuticle (MNCN15.05/200188); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
entire view of the radula; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C.</emphasis>
Half-row of posterior part of the radula; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D.</emphasis>
Outermost teeth; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E.</emphasis>
Detail of the outermost teeth; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F.</emphasis>
Copulatory spine.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. internal anatomy. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
Oral mass; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">mo</emphasis>
- mouth; rm - retractor muscles; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ob</emphasis>
- oral bulb; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">oe</emphasis>
- oesophagus; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ot</emphasis>
- oral tube; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">rs</emphasis>
- radular sac; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sg</emphasis>
- salivary gland; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
Central system (blood gland removed); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">cg</emphasis>
- cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ey</emphasis>
- eye; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">gp</emphasis>
- pedal ganglia; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">pl</emphasis>
- pleural ganglia; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">rg</emphasis>
- rhinophoral ganglia; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C.</emphasis>
Reproductive system; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ag</emphasis>
- accessory gland; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">amp</emphasis>
- ampulla; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">bc</emphasis>
- bursa copulatrix; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">cs</emphasis>
- copulatory spine; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">dd</emphasis>
- deferent duct; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">pr</emphasis>
- prostate; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sr</emphasis>
- seminal receptacle; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">ud</emphasis>
- uterine duct; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">vag</emphasis>
- vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="digestive system">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Digestive system.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Smooth labial cuticle (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3A</figureCitation>
). Oral tube long, about twice the size of oral bulb, with a pair of retractor muscles (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. internal anatomy. A. Oral mass; mo - mouth; rm - retractor muscles; ob - oral bulb; oe - oesophagus; ot - oral tube; rs - radular sac; sg - salivary gland; B. Central system (blood gland removed); cg - cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; ey - eye; gp - pedal ganglia; pl - pleural ganglia; rg - rhinophoral ganglia; C. Reproductive system; ag - accessory gland; amp - ampulla; bc - bursa copulatrix; cs - copulatory spine; dd - deferent duct; pr - prostate; sr - seminal receptacle; ud - uterine duct; vag - vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4A</figureCitation>
). Buccal bulb ovate, short, radular sac small and ovate, protruding ventrally, with a pair of strong retractor muscles (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. internal anatomy. A. Oral mass; mo - mouth; rm - retractor muscles; ob - oral bulb; oe - oesophagus; ot - oral tube; rs - radular sac; sg - salivary gland; B. Central system (blood gland removed); cg - cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; ey - eye; gp - pedal ganglia; pl - pleural ganglia; rg - rhinophoral ganglia; C. Reproductive system; ag - accessory gland; amp - ampulla; bc - bursa copulatrix; cs - copulatory spine; dd - deferent duct; pr - prostate; sr - seminal receptacle; ud - uterine duct; vag - vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Radular formula difficult to determinate as outermost teeth are very thin and overlapping each other (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3B</figureCitation>
). Approximate radular formula is: 24 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-7.22.0.22.5-7 for the 13 mm specimen MNCN15.05/200189 and 38 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-7.26.0.26.6-7 for the 20 mm specimen MNCN15.05/200187. Rachidian tooth absent. Innermost and lateral teeth are single cusped, hamate, lacking denticles (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3C</figureCitation>
). Lateral teeth gradually increase in size from the inner teeth (≈ 25 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) toward the external margin (outermost teeth ≈ 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). Five to seven outermost teeth highly differentiated, very thin, pectinate, bearing 5 to 9 long bundled fibrous denticles (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Oesophagus passing through nerve ring, where it folds. Pair of salivary glands, relatively short, uniform, near the base of oesophagus (4A). Oesophagus connects to oval stomach. Intestine about half of oesophagus diameter. Caecum locate ventrally to stomach. Digestive gland cone-shaped, occupying approximately 30% of visceral mass. Anus opening at the center of gill circle.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="central nervous system">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Central nervous system.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Central nervous system partially covered by blood gland. This is divided into two parts, anterior part about half the size of posterior part. Cerebral ganglia about half the size of pleural ganglia. Cerebral ganglia and pleural ganglia fused. Pedal ganglia ventrally located connected by a simple pedal commissure. Buccal ganglia short, ventrally located. Rhinophoral ganglia bulb-shaped, about 30% the size of cerebral ganglia. Eyes connected to cerebral gland by short rhinophoral nerve (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. internal anatomy. A. Oral mass; mo - mouth; rm - retractor muscles; ob - oral bulb; oe - oesophagus; ot - oral tube; rs - radular sac; sg - salivary gland; B. Central system (blood gland removed); cg - cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; ey - eye; gp - pedal ganglia; pl - pleural ganglia; rg - rhinophoral ganglia; C. Reproductive system; ag - accessory gland; amp - ampulla; bc - bursa copulatrix; cs - copulatory spine; dd - deferent duct; pr - prostate; sr - seminal receptacle; ud - uterine duct; vag - vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="reproductive system">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Reproductive system.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
Hermaphroditic duct leading to an ampulla long and convoluted, located between female gland and accessory gland. Ampulla branching into short oviduct and prostate. Flattened and ovulated prostate narrowing into a thin deferent duct, expanding into ejaculatory portion. Penis unarmed. Accessory gland size and shape varied according to the specimen, from pear-shaped and similar size to the female gland MNCN15.05/200187 to elongated and half of the size MNCN15.05/200189; in all specimens it narrows into a very thin, highly convoluted tube. Copulatory spine in accessory gland of approximately 1.25 mm (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. SEM photographs of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. A. labial cuticle (MNCN 15.05 / 200188); B. entire view of the radula; C. Half-row of posterior part of the radula; D. Outermost teeth; E. Detail of the outermost teeth; F. Copulatory spine." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795295" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3F</figureCitation>
). Vagina with similar length and width than deferent duct, leading to an oval bursa copulatrix. Thin duct near the vagina leads to oval seminal receptacle, about 2/3 of the size of the bursa copulatrix, which connects to a large female gland by a short uterine duct (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. internal anatomy. A. Oral mass; mo - mouth; rm - retractor muscles; ob - oral bulb; oe - oesophagus; ot - oral tube; rs - radular sac; sg - salivary gland; B. Central system (blood gland removed); cg - cerebral ganglia; cp - pedal commissure; ey - eye; gp - pedal ganglia; pl - pleural ganglia; rg - rhinophoral ganglia; C. Reproductive system; ag - accessory gland; amp - ampulla; bc - bursa copulatrix; cs - copulatory spine; dd - deferent duct; pr - prostate; sr - seminal receptacle; ud - uterine duct; vag - vagina." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795296" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
This species has only been seen associated with the sponge 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. brevispiculifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brevispiculifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A. brevispiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on which the species is very cryptic (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. in situ. A. Hosting sponge Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905); B. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. resting on sponge; C. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. near its egg mass, and Favorinus sp. feeding on it; D. Close-up of Favorinus sp.; E. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. mating; F. Details of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. egg mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795297" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5A, B</figureCitation>
). They are usually found at the base of the sponge branches but they have also been seen on other parts. When removed from the host sponge, the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. stretches the body curling the mantle toward the middle of the foot, similar to what 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770591" author="Miller, MC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" pagination="1095 - 11009" refId="B15" refString="Miller, MC, 1996. The dorid nudibranch genus Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) in New Zealand. Journal of Natural History 30 (7): 1095 - 11009, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770591" title="The dorid nudibranch genus Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) in New Zealand." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770591" volume="30" year="1996">Miller (1996)</bibRefCitation>
observed for 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. ramicola" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. ramicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Perhaps this behavior aims to protect the sole of the foot which lacks caryophylliid. The white egg mass is also found on the same sponge and forms a close spiral ribbon of approximately five coils (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. in situ. A. Hosting sponge Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905); B. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. resting on sponge; C. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. near its egg mass, and Favorinus sp. feeding on it; D. Close-up of Favorinus sp.; E. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. mating; F. Details of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. egg mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795297" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5F</figureCitation>
). A likely undescribed species of nudibranch egg-eater 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Favorinus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Favorinus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Favorinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. has been seen feeding on the 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. egg mass (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. in situ. A. Hosting sponge Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905); B. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. resting on sponge; C. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. near its egg mass, and Favorinus sp. feeding on it; D. Close-up of Favorinus sp.; E. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. mating; F. Details of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. egg mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795297" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5C, D</figureCitation>
). Curiously, most of the time the egg ribbons are found on the tip of the sponge. Perhaps this strategy provides some protection against encrusting organisms due the higher water flux in this part of the sponge. Mating has been observed through July between specimens of different sizes and tonalities (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. in situ. A. Hosting sponge Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905); B. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. resting on sponge; C. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. near its egg mass, and Favorinus sp. feeding on it; D. Close-up of Favorinus sp.; E. Jorunna liviae sp. nov. mating; F. Details of Jorunna liviae sp. nov. egg mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795297" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">5E</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. seems to prefer sandy reefs with predominantly hydroids, soft coral and sponges. In Southern Mozambique, the flatter sand reefs have a higher density of sponges than the reefs with predominantly hard coral.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795297" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">in situ</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A.</emphasis>
Hosting sponge 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Amphimedon brevispiculifera" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="brevispiculifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Amphimedon brevispiculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Dendy, 1905); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. resting on sponge; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. near its egg mass, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Favorinus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Favorinus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Favorinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. feeding on it; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D.</emphasis>
Close-up of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Favorinus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Favorinus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Favorinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. mating; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F.</emphasis>
Details of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. egg mass.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="molecular study and phylogeny">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Molecular study and phylogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
We successfully amplified the gene COI and H3 of four 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. specimens. The phylogenetic trees constructed by BI and ML analyses of single gene datasets (Suppl. material 1) were not conflictive but differed in the ability to resolve phylogenetic relationships. The single gene H3 analysis retrieved the lowest resolution and the concatenate dataset the highest. Nevertheless, all 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were recovered with more than 50% support in all analysis. In general, the BI analysis better solved the relationship between species, while the ML analysis appears to reflect populational structure. Therefore, the results discussed below are based on the concatenated analysis (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bayesian inference tree based on the concatenate sequence dataset (COI + H 3) collapsed (PP &lt;0.5). Numbers at the top of nodes indicate Bayesian Posterior probability (PP) and on the bottom bootstrap support from the maximum likelihood analysis (BS). Colored bars on the right represent the results of the species delimitation analyses on the Jorunna spp., from left to right: ASAP on COI dataset, PTP on COI dataset, bPTP on COI + H 3 dataset." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795298" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">6</figureCitation>
), except when stated otherwise.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.95222.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/795298" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Bayesian inference tree based on the concatenate sequence dataset (COI+H3) collapsed (PP&lt;0.5). Numbers at the top of nodes indicate Bayesian Posterior probability (PP) and on the bottom bootstrap support from the maximum likelihood analysis (BS). Colored bars on the right represent the results of the species delimitation analyses on the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., from left to right: ASAP on COI dataset, PTP on COI dataset, bPTP on COI+H3 dataset.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
The family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Discodorididae</taxonomicName>
formed a large polytomy. The genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was divided in two paraphyletic clades, one containing all specimens of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. funebris" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funebris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. funebris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PP = 1; BS = 94) and another clade with the remaining 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibiriçá &amp; Strömvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (PP = 0.99; BS = 74).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
The COI inter-specific variation (uncorrected 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">p</emphasis>
-distance) within the genus varied from 9.08% between 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage B (LB) and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. artsdatabankia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="artsdatabankia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. artsdatabankia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to up 16.92% between 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. funebris" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funebris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. funebris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage A (LA) (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. COI inter- and intraspecific uncorrected p - distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DFC7C1EB05F617DCAADDA655F702E4E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="DFC7C1EB05F617DCAADDA655F702E4E4">1</tableCitation>
). The COI intra-specific variation of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. ranged from 0.16% to 1.08%. The closest species to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. was 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage B with a minimum 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">p</emphasis>
-distance of 13.06%. ASAP retrieved 10 partitions, in both analysis (COI and concatenate) the partitions with higher score (asap-score 1.50-3) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. was retrieved as a distinct taxonomic unit. Curiously, 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. funebris" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funebris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">J. funebris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were retrieved as a species complex in all possible partitions.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DFC7C1EB05F617DCAADDA655F702E4E4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DFC7C1EB05F617DCAADDA655F702E4E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Table 1.</emphasis>
COI inter- and intraspecific uncorrected 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">p</emphasis>
-distances.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Neuhaus, Rauch, Bakken, Picton, Pola &amp; Malaquias" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna artsdatabankia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artsdatabankia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna artsdatabankia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LA
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LB
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cervera, Garcia-Gomez &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna onubensis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onubensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna onubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">Intra-specific</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Neuhaus, Rauch, Bakken, Picton, Pola &amp; Malaquias" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna artsdatabankia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artsdatabankia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna artsdatabankia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0-0.15%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LA
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">10.30</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0.15-0.68%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna tomentosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
LB
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">9.08</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">3.65</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0.15-0.92%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tibirica, Stroemvoll &amp; Cervera" authorityYear="2023" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna liviae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liviae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna liviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">14.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">14.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">13.06</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0.16-1.08%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cervera, Garcia-Gomez &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna onubensis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onubensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna onubensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">12.61</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">10.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">10.45</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">12.31</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kelaart" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="Jorunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jorunna funebris" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="funebris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Jorunna funebris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">16.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">17.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">17.78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">16.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">16.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rowspan="1">0.46-14.18%</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>