745 lines
108 KiB
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745 lines
108 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED9B26E0AA4FB79236C865E8A5FAABAA">Identity of the tree-spider crab, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of seven new species from the Western Pacific</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA5FF87D1CDFA8F4691FA49" ID-CoL="7XX38" authority="(Hilgendorf, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[151,675,1400,1427]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
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<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDFA8F4585FA48" bold="true" box="[151,439,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D09FFA8E46A8FA49" box="[453,666,1401,1427]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16852" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1869) Crustaceen. In: C. V. D. Decken (Ed), Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859 - 1865. Heidelberg - Leipzig, pp. 67 - 116. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10640" type="book chapter">Hilgendorf, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDFA6B4631FA6E" blockId="1.[151,675,1400,1461]" box="[151,515,1436,1461]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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(
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<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D1C5FA6B44DEFA6E" box="[159,236,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D1A0FA6B4570FA6E" box="[250,322,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">2A–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D017FA6B45B2FA6E" box="[333,384,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">19A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D0D1FA6B458CFA6E" box="[395,446,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">21A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D093FA6B45C9FA6E" box="[457,507,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,218,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,218,1490]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">24A</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDFA13456EFA20" box="[151,348,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D038FA134603FA20" author="" box="[354,561,1508,1530]" page="91" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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: 91
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, pl. 6, fig. 1.—
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<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D39EFA1347B1FA20" author="" box="[708,899,1508,1530]" page="645" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D39EFA134767FA20" box="[708,853,1508,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref17253" refString="Man, J. G. De (1887) Ubersicht der indo-pacifischen Arten der Gattung Sesarma Say, nebst einer Kritik der von W. Hess und E. Nauck in den Jahren 1865 und 1880 beschriebenen Decapoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 2, 639 - 689." type="journal article">De Man 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 645
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.—Pfeffer 1889: 31.—Vannini & Ruwa 1994: 271.—
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<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D19DF9F545EBF9C2" author="" box="[199,473,1538,1560]" page="795" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D19DF9F5459AF9C2" box="[199,424,1538,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16030" refString="Cannicci, S., Ritossa, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1996 a) Tree fidelity and hole fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 196, 299 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (95) 00136 - 0" type="journal article">
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Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D073F9F4456AF9C2" box="[297,344,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
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. 1996a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 795
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D0ADF9F5473EF9C2" author="" box="[503,780,1538,1560]" page="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D0ADF9F546E9F9C2" box="[503,731,1538,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16170" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K., Ritossa, S. & Vannini, M. (1996 b) Branch? fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Zoology, 238, 795 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1996. tb 05431. x" type="journal article">
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Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D301F9F446B8F9C2" box="[603,650,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
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. 1996b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 299
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D270F9F54004F9C2" author="" box="[810,1078,1538,1560]" page="325" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D270F9F54030F9C2" box="[810,1026,1538,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
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Vannini
|
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<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D2DEF9F44780F9C2" box="[900,946,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 325
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, tabs. 1, 3.—
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<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D5E7F9F544DBF9ED" author="" page="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D5E7F9F541ABF9C2" box="[1213,1433,1538,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
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Vannini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D443F9F44175F9C2" box="[1305,1351,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997b
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 101
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D05DF9D64601F9ED" box="[263,563,1569,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16330" refString="Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Giuggioli, M., Oluoch, A., Vannini, M. & Cannicci, S. (1999) Feeding habits of non-ocypodid crabs from two mangrove forests in Kenya. Bulletin of Marine Science, 64, 291 - 297." type="journal article">
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Dahdouh-Guebas
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D09EF9D545C2F9ED" box="[452,496,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 291
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D325F9D6474AF9ED" author="" box="[639,888,1569,1591]" page="77" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D325F9D64760F9ED" box="[639,850,1569,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref15925" refString="Cannicci, S., Morino, L. & Vannini, M. (2002) Behavioural evidence for visual recognition of predators by the mangrove climbing crab Sesarma leptosoma. Animal Behaviour, 63, 77 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 2001.1882" type="journal article">
|
||
Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D3B9F9D5473DF9ED" box="[739,783,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 77
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDF9B64050F98C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1508,1775]" box="[151,1122,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9FD38D75FFA5FF87D1CDF9B64050F98C" box="[151,1122,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA5FF87D1CDF9B6469CF98C" ID-CoL="7Z29P" authority=", Tesch 1917: 169" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,686,1600,1622]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma" subGenus="Parasesarma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDF9B644DCF98C" box="[151,238,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sesarma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1A7F9B645B6F98C" box="[253,388,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Parasesarma</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D0C8F9B745C8F98C" box="[402,506,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
, Tesch 1917: 169
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(list), 253 (key).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D235F9B74017F98C" author="" box="[879,1061,1600,1622]" page="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D235F9B747C4F98C" box="[879,1014,1600,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16758" refString="Guinot, D. (1967) La faune carcinologique (Crustacea Brachyura) de l'Ocean Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Catalogue, remarques biogeographiques et bibliographie. Memoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 77, 235 - 352." type="journal article">Guinot 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 288
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(list).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDF9A846FAF9AE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1508,1775]" box="[151,712,1630,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9FD38D75FFA5FF87D1CDF9A846FAF9AE" box="[151,712,1630,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA5FF87D1CDF9A845BEF9AE" ID-CoL="7PZJ9" authority="(Holometopus)" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Holometopus" box="[151,396,1630,1652]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDF9A844DCF9AE" box="[151,238,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Sesarma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1A7F9A945B6F9AE" box="[253,388,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Holometopus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D0E1F9A94646F9AE" author="" box="[443,628,1630,1652]" page="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D0E1F9A94662F9AE" box="[443,592,1630,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16241" refString="Crosnier, A. (1965) Crustaces Decapodes, Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. Faune Madagascar, 18, 1 - 143." type="journal article">Crosnier 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 58
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 89.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDF98946E8F949" blockId="1.[151,1437,1508,1775]" box="[151,730,1661,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9FD38D75FFA5FF87D1CDF98946E8F949" box="[151,730,1661,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA5FF87D1CDF989465CF949" ID-CoL="7XX39" authority=", Hartnoll 1975: 318" authorityName="Hartnoll" authorityPageNumber="318" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,622,1661,1683]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosomum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDF98945ACF949" box="[151,414,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Parasesarma leptosomum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D0F1F98A465CF949" author="" box="[427,622,1661,1683]" page="318" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D0F1F98A460EF949" box="[427,572,1661,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16802" refString="Hartnoll, R. (1975) The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology, 177, 305 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1975. tb 02235. x" type="journal article">Hartnoll 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 318
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tabs. 1–3.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDF96A4595F935" blockId="1.[151,1437,1508,1775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9FD38D75FFA5FF87D1CDF96A4595F935" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA5FF87D1CDF96A4680F968" ID-CoL="7XX38" authority=", Emmerson et al. 2003: 351" authorityName="Emmerson et al." authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,690,1692,1714]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDF96A45BFF968" box="[151,397,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D0C6F96A4680F968" author="" box="[412,690,1692,1714]" page="351" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D0C6F96A46B0F968" box="[412,642,1692,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16600" refString="Emmerson, W. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2003) New records for Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from mangroves in Mozambique and South Africa. African Zoology, 38, 351 - 355." type="journal article">
|
||
Emmerson
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D34BF96A460DF968" box="[529,575,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 351
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D38AF96B47F0F968" author="" box="[720,962,1692,1714]" page="219" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D38AF96B47A2F968" box="[720,912,1692,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16655" refString="Fratini, S., Vannini, M., Cannicci, S. & Schubart, C. D. (2005) Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 219 - 233." type="journal article">
|
||
Fratini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D245F96A477FF968" box="[799,845,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 219
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D284F96B412DF968" author="" box="[990,1311,1692,1714]" page="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D284F96B40CFF968" box="[990,1277,1692,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16488" refString="Emmerson, W. D. & Ndenze, T. T. (2007) Mangrove tree specificity and conservation implications of the arboreal crab Parasesarma leptosoma at Mngazana, a mangrove estuary in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wetlands ecology and management, 15, 13 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11273 - 006 - 9008 - 4" type="journal article">Emmerson & Ndenze 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 13
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D432F96A41A4F968" box="[1384,1430,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008: 222 (list).—Rahayu & Ng 2009: 30, 33.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D391F94D47F7F90A" author="" box="[715,965,1722,1744]" page="359" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D391F94D47BDF90A" box="[715,911,1722,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref17023" refString="Koller, P., Liu, H. C. & Schubart, C. D. (2010) A new semiterrestrial species of Parasesarma De Man, 1895, from Taiwan (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae). Studies on Malacostraca: Lipke Bijdeley Holthuis Memorial Folume. Crustaceana Monographs, 14, 357 - 368." type="journal article">
|
||
Koller
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D242F94C477AF90A" box="[792,840,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 359
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 365.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D54FF94D4111F90A" author="" box="[1045,1315,1722,1744]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D54FF94D40C8F90A" box="[1045,1274,1722,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref15796" refString="Bouchard, J. M., Poupin, J., Cleva, R., Dumas, J. & Dinhut, V. (2013) Land, mangrove and freshwater decapod crustaceans of Mayotte region (Crustacea, Decapoda). Atoll Research Bulletin, 592, 1 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.592" type="journal article">
|
||
Bouchard
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D5DEF94C4086F90A" box="[1156,1204,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA5FF87D46BF94D4149F90A" box="[1329,1403,1722,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,449,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[152,1435,449,1769]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp.. A–E, paratype male (12.6×10.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.0801), Sulawesi, Indonesia; F, G, paratype female (11.2×9.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.0802), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of gonopods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440743/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3E628C4AFFA5FF87D19DF92D4596F935" author="" box="[199,420,1753,1775]" page="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA5FF87D19DF92D4543F935" box="[199,369,1753,1775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref16560" refString="Emmerson, W. D. (2016) A guide to, and checklist for, the decapoda of namibia, South Africa and Mozambique (Vol. 3). Cambridge Scholars, UK, 711 pp." type="book">Emmerson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 263
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA5FF87D1CDF8EB47F6F833" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA5FF87D1CDF8EB47F6F833" blockId="1.[151,1437,1820,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0FABA006FFA5FF87D1CDF8EB4137F8EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889748" box="[151,1285,1820,1845]" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="No." country="Tanzania" location="East Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA5FF87D1CDF8EB45B2F8EF" bold="true" box="[151,384,1820,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="607814F9FFA5FF87D0DDF8EB462DF8EE" box="[391,543,1820,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: female (17.5×16.0 mm) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D9D2329EFFA5FF87D219F8EB47B3F8EE" box="[835,897,1820,1844]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D2D2F8EA4783F8EE" box="[904,945,1821,1844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">No.</collectorName>
|
||
3 181),
|
||
<location id="BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D554F8EA40A0F8EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6:BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D554F8EA40A0F8EF" box="[1038,1170,1820,1845]" country="Tanzania" name="East Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">East Africa</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA5FF87D5C6F8EB4137F8EF" box="[1180,1285,1820,1845]" name="Tanzania" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0FABA006FFA5FF87D455F8EB4025F882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889757" country="Tanzania" location="Zanzibar" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Zanzibar" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7D0764B9FFA5FF87D455F8EB4147F8EF" box="[1295,1397,1820,1845]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA5FF87D455F8EB4147F8EF" box="[1295,1397,1820,1845]" name="Tanzania" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, no date, v. d. Deckon. Other material:
|
||
<specimenCount id="A9C561D2FFA5FF87D363F8B746A1F882" box="[569,659,1855,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(17.2×16.0 mm, 16.1×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA5FF87D2F8F8C8403DF882" box="[930,1039,1855,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0FABA006FFA5FF87D57CF8B74144F8A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889739" collectingDate="2017-03-09" collectingDateMax="2017-03-10" collectingDateMin="2017-03-09" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="S. Cannicci." country="South Africa" location="Mngazana" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCode="ZRC 2017.163" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="eastern Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="A9C561D2FFA5FF87D57CF8B740B9F882" box="[1062,1163,1855,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(16.4×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA5FF87D5BAF8C84178F882" box="[1248,1354,1855,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="EF650220FFA5FF87D43EF8B74536F8A7" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">ZRC 2017.163</specimenCode>
|
||
), mangrove creek,
|
||
<location id="BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D087F8924666F8A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6:BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D087F8924666F8A7" box="[477,596,1893,1917]" country="South Africa" name="Mngazana" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" stateProvince="eastern Cape Province">Mngazana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7D0764B9FFA5FF87D33BF8924753F8A7" box="[609,865,1892,1917]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7D0764B9FFA5FF87D3E3F8934753F8A7" box="[697,865,1892,1917]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA5FF87D234F8934031F8A7" box="[878,1027,1892,1917]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="DB397573FFA5FF87D555F89340E9F8A6" box="[1039,1243,1892,1917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2017-03-09" valueMax="2017-03-10" valueMin="2017-03-09">
|
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<date id="CB7D8C9BFFA5FF87D555F89340E9F8A6" box="[1039,1243,1892,1917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2017-03-09" valueMax="2017-03-10" valueMin="2017-03-09">9–10 March 2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D5B3F8934144F8A7" box="[1257,1398,1892,1917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">S. Cannicci.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0FABA006FFA5FF87D4CEF8934665F81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889733" collectingDate="2009-11-02" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="J. M. Bouchard & J. Dumas & Dinhut." country="Mayotte" location="East Africa" municipality="Malamani" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="A9C561D2FFA5FF87D4CEF89344FFF87A" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(12.0×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA5FF87D07AF87045BBF87A" box="[288,393,1927,1952]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D9D2329EFFA5FF87D0F9F87F45C9F87A" box="[419,507,1928,1952]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
B32081),
|
||
<location id="BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D32DF87F46CFF87A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6:BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D32DF87F46CFF87A" box="[631,765,1927,1952]" country="Mayotte" municipality="Malamani" name="East Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">East Africa</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA5FF87D251F87F475AF87A" box="[779,872,1928,1952]" name="Mayotte" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5F183021FFA5FF87D292F870400BF87A" box="[968,1081,1927,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Malamani</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
mangrove,
|
||
<collectingDate id="DB397573FFA5FF87D59FF87F41AAF87A" box="[1221,1432,1927,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2009-11-02">
|
||
<date id="CB7D8C9BFFA5FF87D59FF87F41AAF87A" box="[1221,1432,1927,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="2009-11-02">2 November 2009</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D1CDF85A4574F81F" box="[151,326,1964,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">J.M. Bouchard</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D00DF85A45FAF81E" box="[343,456,1965,1988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">J. Dumas</collectorName>
|
||
, V.
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D0A5F85B4665F81F" box="[511,599,1964,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Dinhut.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0FABA006FFA5FF87D32FF85B47F6F833" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889749" collectingDate="1990-10" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="M. Vannini." country="Kenya" location="East Africa" municipality="Mida creek" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" specimenCode="ZRC 2000.1718" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="A9C561D2FFA5FF87D32FF85B46F3F81F" box="[629,705,1964,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(16.0×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA5FF87D243F85B47BAF81E" box="[793,904,1964,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), 1 ovigerous female (14.9×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA5FF87D581F85B4175F81E" box="[1243,1351,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="EF650220FFA5FF87D43EF85B4521F832" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">ZRC 2000.1718</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D07FF826459AF833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6:BA1CFC80FFA5FF87D07FF826459AF833" box="[293,424,2000,2025]" country="Kenya" municipality="Mida creek" name="East Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">East Africa</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA5FF87D0E9F8264633F833" box="[435,513,2001,2025]" name="Kenya" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5F183021FFA5FF87D351F82746BEF833" box="[523,652,2000,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Mida creek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="DB397573FFA5FF87D3CDF8274701F832" box="[663,819,2000,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="1990-10">
|
||
<date id="CB7D8C9BFFA5FF87D3CDF8274701F832" box="[663,819,2000,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" value="1990-10">October 1990</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1236CF8DFFA5FF87D265F82647F6F833" box="[831,964,2000,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">M. Vannini.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="EBBCFAD3FFA6FF84D1CDF86E46A0F836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" startId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" targetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA6FF84D1CDF86E46A0F836" blockId="2.[151,1436,1945,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA6FF84D1CDF86E453FF874" bold="true" box="[151,269,1945,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA6FF84D043F86D46EAF875" authority="(Hilgendorf, 1869)" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1869" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[281,728,1945,1967]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA6FF84D043F86D463CF875" box="[281,526,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(Hilgendorf, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EBBCFAD3FFA7FF85D1CDF89740D5F82B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" startId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" targetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA7FF85D1CDF89740D5F82B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1888,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA7FF85D1CDF8974523F8AF" bold="true" box="[151,273,1888,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. A–H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA7FF85D03FF8954702F8AC" authority="(Hilgendorf, 1869)" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1869" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[357,816,1888,1911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA7FF85D03FF895466DF8AC" box="[357,607,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(Hilgendorf, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA7FF85D4D3F89545ACF84F" authority="(Rathbun, 1914)" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1914" baseAuthorityName="Rathbun" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbense">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA7FF85D4D3F89544C3F84F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">P. limbense</emphasis>
|
||
(Rathbun, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA0FF82D19DFF604722FDBA" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DFF604722FDBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D19DFF604573FF6A" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D09FFF604643FF6A" box="[453,625,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1A, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D3DAFF6F4696FF6A" box="[640,676,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal; regions well defined, separated by shallow grooves; postfrontal region distinct, separated into 4 lobes by shallow but distinct grooves; front deflexed downwards, margin nearly straight in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D301FF2846DAFF2D" box="[603,744,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D3A2FF17472CFF22" box="[760,798,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); lateral margin straight, distinctly converging towards posterior carapace margin; cornea reaching tip of external orbital tooth
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D287FEF347D4FEC7" bold="true" box="[989,998,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">(</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D2BCFEF340A1FEC6" box="[998,1171,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1A, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D5F8FEF340FAFEC6" box="[1186,1224,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ischium of third maxilliped with shallow median sulcus, merus with distinct submedian ridge; exopod slender, tip reaching halflength of outer margin of merus, flagellum long. Male cheliped palm with 2 transverse pectinate crests (14 and 9 corneous teeth, respectively) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D0B4FE984674FE52" box="[494,582,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) on upper surface; upper surface of dactylus with 7 asymmetrical dactylar tubercles, proximal 3 tubercles large, tubercles 4–6 smaller, distalmost tubercle indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D5E4FE63417EFE76" box="[1214,1356,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 2C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D401FE6341BDFE76" box="[1371,1423,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulatory legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D03EFE4045DAFE0A" box="[356,488,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) proportionately stout, P3 and P4 about 1.8 times carapace width; P3 and P4 coxae without dense setae; P3 merus 2.4 times as long as broad; P3 propodus 4.1 times as long as broad; P3 dactylus 0.3 times length of propodus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D09FFE08467CFDC2" box="[453,590,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). G1 straight, relatively slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D29DFE08407EFDC2" box="[967,1100,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 2E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D500FDF740BCFDC2" box="[1114,1166,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical process bent to form an angle of 45°, corneous part short, ending in rounded tip; setae long, simple, originating at base of apical process. G2 longer than quarter length of G1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D3C1FDB04731FDBA" box="[667,771,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA0FF82D19DFD9B41AEF862" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DFD9B401FFC37" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D19DFD9B4563FD5F" bold="true" box="[199,337,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D087FD9B46BBFD5E" box="[477,649,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1A, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D3CCFD9B4688FD5E" box="[662,698,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal, 1.1 times broader than long; regions well defined, separated by shallow grooves; dorsolateral carapace surface lined with strong oblique striae; surface smooth. Postfrontal region distinct, separated into 4 lobes by shallow but distinct grooves; median lobes approximately same width as lateral lobes. Front (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D371FD204686FD35" box="[555,692,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D39BFD2F46D7FD2A" box="[705,741,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) deflexed downwards, margin nearly straight in dorsal view. Supraorbital margin gently convex, entire. External orbital tooth triangular, directed obliquely outwards, representing point of greatest width; contiguous with entire lateral carapace margin; antero- and posterolateral margins not demarcated, without trace of tooth or indentation, lateral margin straight, distinctly converging posteriorly. Cornea reaching edge of external orbital tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D213FC9047C6FC5A" box="[841,1012,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1A, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D558FC9F401AFC5A" box="[1026,1064,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennal and antennular basal segments adjacent, not separated by septum; basal antennular segment swollen. Antennal flagellum relatively long, entering orbit. Ischium of third maxilliped with shallow median sulcus, merus with distinct submedian ridge; exopod slender, tip reaching half-length of outer margin of merus, flagellum long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DFC0045EAFA8F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Chelipeds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D013FC00459EFBCA" box="[329,428,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D0E1FC0F4632FBCA" box="[443,512,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">2B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D355FC0F4672FBCA" box="[527,576,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[152,1435,199,1754]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">19A</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively large, robust in adult males. Merus with carinate outer margin, without subdistal spine; inner margin with minute tubercles ending in large subdistal protuberance; outer surface with dorsal striation, ventrally tuberculate. Carpus with inner angle not produced. Upper surface of palm with 2 transverse pectinate crests. Distal crest composed of 14 high corneous teeth; second crest well developed, shorter than first crest, with 9 broader corneous teeth; crests followed by several blunt tubercles; rows of small tubercles below second crest. Outer and inner surfaces of palm with numerous granules. Fixed finger rounded, smooth on outer surface; inner surface with median ridge, moderately long. Cutting edge of fixed finger, dactylus with rounded teeth. Dorsal surface of dactylus with 7 asymmetrical tubercles, short, gradually sloping distally. First 3 tubercles large, tubercles 4–6 smaller, tubercle 7 almost indiscernible. Fingers with chitinous tips, proximal gap distinct when fingers closed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DFAA84538F98A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Ambulatory legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D0CFFAA84629FAA2" box="[405,539,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, stout, laterally flattened; P3, P4 subequal, longer than others, about 1.8 times carapace width; P3, P4 coxa without dense setae. Merus of P3 2.4 times as long as broad; upper margin of merus with acute subdistal spine. Meri of P2–P5 each with transverse striae on upper surface. Carpi of P2–P5 each with 2 accessory carinae on outer surface. Propodus of P3 4.1 times as long as broad with accessory carina on inferior proximal portion of outer surface, dorsal and ventral margins with short stiff setae. Dactylus 0.3 times length of propodus, tip slightly recurved, terminating in acute calcareous tip, dorsal and ventral margins with short stiff setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DF9AB472AF93A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Thoracic sternites 1–3 completely fused. Male pleon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D26CF9AB4789F9AE" box="[822,955,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively broad, all somites free. Telson semicircular, evenly rounded, as long as preceding somite; somite 6 almost twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly convex. Somites 3–5 more trapezoidal, lateral margins of somites 4, 5 straight, lateral margins of somite 3 strongly convex, somites 1, 2 very narrow longitudinally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DF91B46B9F896" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
G1 straight, relatively slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D361F91B46F7F8DE" box="[571,709,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 2E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D38CF91B4738F8DE" box="[726,778,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">21A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical process slightly bent to form an angle of 45°, produced, corneous part short, ending in rounded tip; setae long, simple, originating at base of apical process. G2 greater than quarter length of G1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D34CF8C3464CF896" box="[534,638,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[152,1435,260,1731]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DF8A040A8F84F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D077F8A045CDF8AA" box="[301,511,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Figs. 1A–C, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with relatively smaller chelipeds, pectinate crest on palms indistinct, dactylar tubercles low. Female pleon broad, telson semicircular. Vulva on anterior edge of sternite 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF82D19DF85741AEF862" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1436,1952,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D19DF857455FF863" bold="true" box="[199,365,1952,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace brown, mottled with darker and lighter blotches, chelipeds reddish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA0FF82D47DF85741BDF862" box="[1319,1423,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1531,1553]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,218,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,218,1490]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA0FF83D19DF833411AFC37" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA0FF83D19DF83344C8FF22" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D19DF8334506F807" bold="true" box="[199,308,1988,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA0FF82D01EF8324665F807" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[324,599,1988,2013]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D01EF8324665F807" box="[324,599,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA0FF82D2F2F8334045F807" box="[936,1143,1988,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref16852" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1869) Crustaceen. In: C. V. D. Decken (Ed), Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859 - 1865. Heidelberg - Leipzig, pp. 67 - 116. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10640" type="book chapter">Hilgendorf (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA0FF82D5F6F832413EF806" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[1196,1292,1989,2012]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA0FF82D5F6F832413EF806" box="[1196,1292,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Sesarma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) based on a female specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D0FDFF604609FF6A" box="[423,571,151,176]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ZMB 3181). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="607814F9FFA1FF83D27FFF6047B5FF6A" box="[805,903,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA1FF83D54EFF6040AFFF6A" box="[1044,1181,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs slightly from Hilgendorf’s figures (viz. pl. VI, figs. 1, 1c) in general carapace shape but this is certainly due to inaccuracies in the drawing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA1FF83D19DFEF34657FDE7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D19DFEF34548FEC7" box="[199,378,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16241" refString="Crosnier, A. (1965) Crustaces Decapodes, Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. Faune Madagascar, 18, 1 - 143." type="journal article">Crosnier (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed and figured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D30BFEF24753FEC6" authority="(Holometopus)" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Holometopus" box="[593,865,260,285]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D30BFEF24683FEC6" box="[593,689,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Sesarma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D399FEF3476AFEC7" box="[707,856,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Holometopus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D28BFEF3406AFEC7" box="[977,1112,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on three females, and noted that the merus of P3 is 2.4 as long as broad, with the dactylus one-third the length of the propodus. The measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F2419FE0FFA1FF83D01CFEBB45A8FEBE" box="[326,410,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[147,224,586,606]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of major differences between members of the Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex." pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), the figure of the carapace, and the proportions of the merus and dactylus of the P3 match
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D1CDFE86451AFE52" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[151,296,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D1CDFE86451AFE52" box="[151,296,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In ZMB there is a male specimen (17.2×
|
||
<quantity id="783B07BEFFA1FF83D248FE98474EFE5D" box="[786,892,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="16.2">16.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ZMB 3181) labelled as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D5F1FE8741BAFE52" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityYear="1917" box="[1195,1416,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D5F1FE8741BAFE52" box="[1195,1416,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Sesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D011FE6345E7FE77" box="[331,469,404,429]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This specimen closely resembles typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D292FE62406EFE77" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityYear="1917" box="[968,1116,404,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D292FE62406EFE77" box="[968,1116,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the carapace shape and proportions of the ambulatory legs, but the chela does not have any pectinate ridges and the dorsal margin of the dactylar finger is unarmed, and so cannot be a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D27EFE2A478BFE2E" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" box="[804,953,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D27EFE2A478BFE2E" box="[804,953,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Parasesarma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is here reidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D584FE2B4566FDC2" authority="(Herklots, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Herklots" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Armases" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D584FE2B41A9FE2F" box="[1246,1435,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Armases elegans</emphasis>
|
||
(Herklots, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species known thus far only from the eastern Atlantic, although its superficial similarity in the body form to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D06AFDD2458DFDE7" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityYear="1917" box="[304,447,548,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D06AFDD2458DFDE7" box="[304,447,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA1FF83D19DFDB0474BFD2A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
The most obvious character that easily distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D268FDBE47F6FDBA" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityYear="1917" box="[818,964,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D268FDBE47F6FDBA" box="[818,964,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other members in the speciescomplex is the shape of the carapace and proportions of the ambulatory legs. The lateral-margin of the carapace is distinctly convergent posteriorly and the frontal margin is almost straight, which contribute to the distinctly trapezoidal shape of carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA1FF83D0ABFD4346A1FD16" box="[497,659,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs. 1A, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA1FF83D3C4FD4346F6FD16" box="[670,708,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[234,1358,210,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[198,1388,190,1874]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the ambulatory legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D52EFD424130FD17" authorityName=", Tesch" authorityYear="1917" box="[1140,1282,692,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D52EFD424130FD17" box="[1140,1282,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="27F8B6DEFFA1FF83D448FD4341A1FD16" box="[1298,1427,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1414,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs. 1E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) are proportionately the broadest among members of this complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA1FF83D19DFD0B411AFC37" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D19DFD0B45FDFCCF" bold="true" box="[199,463,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Questionable records.</emphasis>
|
||
Old records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D3D1FD0A472FFCCF" authority="Li & Rahayu & Ng, 2018" authorityName="Li & Rahayu & Ng" authorityYear="2018" box="[651,797,764,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D3D1FD0A472FFCCF" box="[651,797,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9684CB32FFA1FF83D27DFD0A47ABFCCF" box="[807,921,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
pose problems as they often do not provide good figures and/or enough characters to enable a verification of their specific identities.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D5F9FCD74167FCE2" box="[1187,1365,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref17349" refString="Man, J. G. De (1895) Bericht uber die von Herrn Schiffscapitan Storm zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kusten von Malakka, Borneo und Celebes sowie in der Java-See gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden (Part 2). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 9, 75 - 218. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16084" type="journal article">De Man (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D005FCB245C6FC86" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1895" box="[351,500,837,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D005FCB245C6FC86" box="[351,500,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Parasesarma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D3D9FCB2472AFC87" authorityName="Li & Rahayu & Ng" authorityYear="2018" box="[643,792,836,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D3D9FCB2472AFC87" box="[643,792,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from the Java Sea and nearby locations,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7D0764B9FFA1FF83D47BFCB34147FC87" box="[1313,1397,836,861]" country="Malaysia" name="Melaka" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Malaka</collectingRegion>
|
||
(= Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D04CFC9045B3FC5A" box="[278,385,871,896]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Borneo and Celebes (= Sulawesi), but all were only briefly described in the key.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D464FC9F44EEFC7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref17349" refString="Man, J. G. De (1895) Bericht uber die von Herrn Schiffscapitan Storm zu Atjeh, an den westlichen Kusten von Malakka, Borneo und Celebes sowie in der Java-See gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden (Part 2). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 9, 75 - 218. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16084" type="journal article">De Man (1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 182) wrote about his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D0BFFC7A4645FC7F" authorityName="Li & Rahayu & Ng" authorityYear="2018" box="[485,631,908,933]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D0BFFC7A4645FC7F" box="[485,631,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Dactylopoditen der Lauffüsse ausserordentlich kurz, ein Drittel der Propodusten messend” (= the ambulatory dactylus is short, being only about a third of the length of the propodus). Such features suggest that De Man’s species is probably a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D28AFC22406CFC37" authorityName="Li & Rahayu & Ng" authorityYear="2018" box="[976,1118,980,1005]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D28AFC22406CFC37" box="[976,1118,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA1FF83D19DFC0044EDFBA7" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA1FF83D19DFC0044EDFBA7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D19DFC004552FBCA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7D0764B9FFA1FF83D036FC00459FFBCA" box="[364,429,1015,1040]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
and East Africa:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D3D9FC0046D3FBCA" box="[643,737,1015,1040]" name="Somalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D3ABFC0F470FFBCA" box="[753,829,1016,1040]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D217FC0047D6FBCA" box="[845,996,1015,1040]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D2A9FC00406AFBCA" box="[1011,1112,1015,1040]" name="Tanzania" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D531FC00411CFBCA" box="[1131,1326,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16852" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1869) Crustaceen. In: C. V. D. Decken (Ed), Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859 - 1865. Heidelberg - Leipzig, pp. 67 - 116. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10640" type="book chapter">Hilgendorf 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D465FC0044E0FBEF" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16802" refString="Hartnoll, R. (1975) The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology, 177, 305 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1975. tb 02235. x" type="journal article">Hartnoll 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D184FBEA454CFBEE" box="[222,382,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref17253" refString="Man, J. G. De (1887) Ubersicht der indo-pacifischen Arten der Gattung Sesarma Say, nebst einer Kritik der von W. Hess und E. Nauck in den Jahren 1865 und 1880 beschriebenen Decapoden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 2, 639 - 689." type="journal article">De Man 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pfeffer 1889; Vannini & Ruwa 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D26FFBEB401BFBEF" box="[821,1065,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16030" refString="Cannicci, S., Ritossa, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1996 a) Tree fidelity and hole fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 196, 299 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (95) 00136 - 0" type="journal article">
|
||
Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D2FBFBEA47E1FBEF" box="[929,979,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D56FFBEB4077FBEF" box="[1077,1093,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16170" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K., Ritossa, S. & Vannini, M. (1996 b) Branch? fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Zoology, 238, 795 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1996. tb 05431. x" type="journal article">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D508FBEB40BCFBEE" box="[1106,1166,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref15925" refString="Cannicci, S., Morino, L. & Vannini, M. (2002) Behavioural evidence for visual recognition of predators by the mangrove climbing crab Sesarma leptosoma. Animal Behaviour, 63, 77 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 2001.1882" type="journal article">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D5C0FBEA41A5FBEE" box="[1178,1431,1052,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16600" refString="Emmerson, W. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2003) New records for Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from mangroves in Mozambique and South Africa. African Zoology, 38, 351 - 355." type="journal article">
|
||
Emmerson
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D441FBEA417FFBEF" box="[1307,1357,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D1CDFBC8455FFB82" box="[151,365,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16655" refString="Fratini, S., Vannini, M., Cannicci, S. & Schubart, C. D. (2005) Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 219 - 233." type="journal article">
|
||
Fratini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D1B6FBB64512FB82" box="[236,288,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D026FBB74609FB82" box="[380,571,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16560" refString="Emmerson, W. D. (2016) A guide to, and checklist for, the decapoda of namibia, South Africa and Mozambique (Vol. 3). Cambridge Scholars, UK, 711 pp." type="book">Emmerson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D308FBB7469DFB82" box="[594,687,1088,1112]" name="Mayotte" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D39BFBC84788FB82" box="[705,954,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref15796" refString="Bouchard, J. M., Poupin, J., Cleva, R., Dumas, J. & Dinhut, V. (2013) Land, mangrove and freshwater decapod crustaceans of Mayotte region (Crustacea, Decapoda). Atoll Research Bulletin, 592, 1 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00775630.592" type="journal article">
|
||
Bouchard
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D260FBB6475DFB82" box="[826,879,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C7D4EACBFFA1FF83D2A4FBC840B7FB82" box="[1022,1157,1087,1112]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D5C2FBC8410DFB82" box="[1176,1343,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16241" refString="Crosnier, A. (1965) Crustaces Decapodes, Grapsidae et Ocypodidae. Faune Madagascar, 18, 1 - 143." type="journal article">Crosnier 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D414FBC844E1FBA7" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16758" refString="Guinot, D. (1967) La faune carcinologique (Crustacea Brachyura) de l'Ocean Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Catalogue, remarques biogeographiques et bibliographie. Memoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 77, 235 - 352." type="journal article">Guinot 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7D9F9D0FFA1FF83D19DFB7041A4F9F6" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF7CAA5BFFA1FF83D19DFB7041A4F9F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D19DFB704519FB7A" bold="true" box="[199,299,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D069FB7E4671FB7A" baseAuthorityName="Hilgendorf" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[307,579,1159,1184]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D069FB7E4671FB7A" box="[307,579,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Parasesarma leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to be one of the exclusively arboreal crabs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D5F1FB7041A1FB7A" box="[1195,1427,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Vannini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D456FB7E410CFB7A" box="[1292,1342,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and was referred as possessing the highest tree-climbing degree, i.e. a “TC (tree-canopy) species” as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D1CDFB384544FB32" box="[151,374,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16655" refString="Fratini, S., Vannini, M., Cannicci, S. & Schubart, C. D. (2005) Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 219 - 233." type="journal article">
|
||
Fratini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D1B3FB26452BFB32" box="[233,281,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D0F0FB2645EEFB32" box="[426,476,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015) noted that these crabs could be regarded as obligate tree-dwelling or arboreal taxa. The behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D0C8FB024613FAD7" authority="Li & Rahayu & Ng, 2018" authorityName="Li & Rahayu & Ng" authorityYear="2018" box="[402,545,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Parasesarma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="leptosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D0C8FB024613FAD7" box="[402,545,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">P. leptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9684CB32FFA1FF83D370FB024654FAD6" box="[554,614,1269,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is well-documented. The species is found above the supratidal zone and lives exclusively on two mangrove trees,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D3DDFAE047E7FAEA" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[647,981,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D3DDFAE047BCFAEA" box="[647,910,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Rhizophora mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D54FFAEE4116FAEA" box="[1045,1316,1303,1328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Bruguiera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D54FFAEE4116FAEA" box="[1045,1316,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Bruguiera gymnorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Lam. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D1C4FACB45ADFA8E" box="[158,415,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16600" refString="Emmerson, W. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2003) New records for Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from mangroves in Mozambique and South Africa. African Zoology, 38, 351 - 355." type="journal article">
|
||
Emmerson
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D078FACA4561FA8F" box="[290,339,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D0F6FACA46D7FA8E" box="[428,741,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16488" refString="Emmerson, W. D. & Ndenze, T. T. (2007) Mangrove tree specificity and conservation implications of the arboreal crab Parasesarma leptosoma at Mngazana, a mangrove estuary in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wetlands ecology and management, 15, 13 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11273 - 006 - 9008 - 4" type="journal article">Emmerson & Ndenze 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but few were found in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78C3D1D8FFA1FF83D573FACA40B0FA8E" authorityName="Arnott" authorityYear="1838" box="[1065,1154,1341,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Ceriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D573FACA40B0FA8E" box="[1065,1154,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ceriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
zone of creek mangrove (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D1C4FAA8457AFAA2" box="[158,328,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16802" refString="Hartnoll, R. (1975) The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. Journal of Zoology, 177, 305 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1975. tb 02235. x" type="journal article">Hartnoll, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species was recorded climbing the entire tree to feed on fresh leaves (Vannini & Ruwa 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D1CDFA7345BCFA47" box="[151,398,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16030" refString="Cannicci, S., Ritossa, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1996 a) Tree fidelity and hole fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 196, 299 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (95) 00136 - 0" type="journal article">
|
||
Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D05EFA724505FA47" box="[260,311,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D0C6FA73459FFA47" box="[412,429,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16170" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K., Ritossa, S. & Vannini, M. (1996 b) Branch? fidelity in the tree crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Journal of Zoology, 238, 795 - 801. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1996. tb 05431. x" type="journal article">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D0E1FA734734FA46" box="[443,774,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16330" refString="Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Giuggioli, M., Oluoch, A., Vannini, M. & Cannicci, S. (1999) Feeding habits of non-ocypodid crabs from two mangrove forests in Kenya. Bulletin of Marine Science, 64, 291 - 297." type="journal article">
|
||
Dahdouh-Guebas
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D3D2FA724689FA47" box="[648,699,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D24EFA7347D5FA47" box="[788,999,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16655" refString="Fratini, S., Vannini, M., Cannicci, S. & Schubart, C. D. (2005) Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 219 - 233." type="journal article">
|
||
Fratini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D232FA7247A9FA47" box="[872,923,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D2AEFA724081FA47" box="[1012,1203,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16560" refString="Emmerson, W. D. (2016) A guide to, and checklist for, the decapoda of namibia, South Africa and Mozambique (Vol. 3). Cambridge Scholars, UK, 711 pp." type="book">Emmerson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with some vertical migrations (Vannini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D024FA5E459DFA1A" box="[382,431,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995), and has been observed to possess homing behavior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D504FA50417AFA1A" box="[1118,1352,1447,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D591FA5E40CEFA1A" box="[1227,1276,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Apart from the breeding period, the species rarely ventured onto the mudflat nor into the water. It always kept itself above the water level on the tree trunk or aerial root (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D395FA1847F7F9D2" box="[719,965,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Vannini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D26EFA06475AF9D2" box="[820,872,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been observed to perform wellsynchronized mass migrations to and from the tree canopy twice a day (Cannicci
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D57BF9E24063F9F7" box="[1057,1105,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB52D7AAFFA1FF83D5FFF9E341BBF9F6" box="[1189,1417,1556,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref16106" refString="Cannicci, S., Ruwa, R. K. & Vannini, M. (1997) Homing Experiments in the Tree? climbing Crab Sesarma leptosoma (Decapoda, Grapsidae). Ethology, 103, 935 - 944. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00135. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Vannini
|
||
<emphasis id="8DB77649FFA1FF83D459F9E24100F9F7" box="[1283,1330,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |