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<mods:title id="95CB526B976EE7F5EFF210E2AA177DFD">Review of Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae). Part 1: the Cidariplura gladiata species complex</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="F7E255BC1C51FFA5EEA6CECCFD428BBD" box="[151,761,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BF4706371C51FFA5EEA6CECCFD428BBD" blockId="2.[151,761,441,468]" box="[151,761,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">
<heading id="E40FB15B1C51FFA5EEA6CECCFD428BBD" bold="true" box="[151,761,441,468]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EEA6CECCFD428BBD" bold="true" box="[151,761,441,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EEA6CECCFD978BBD" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,556,441,468]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiata">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EEA6CECCFE358BBA" bold="true" box="[151,398,441,468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Cidariplura gladiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB697BC61C51FFA5EFA4CECCFD978BBD" author="Butler, A. G." box="[405,556,441,467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" pagination="349 - 374" refId="ref12163" refString="Butler, A. G. (1879) Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera from Japan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 4, 349 - 374 + 437 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937908679865" type="journal article" year="1879">Butler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
species complex
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7E255BC1C51FFA5EEA6CD75FCB389C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BF4706371C51FFA5EEA6CD75FDD58955" blockId="2.[151,1437,512,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EEA6CD75FEA98875" bold="true" box="[151,274,512,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The complex comprises the generic
<typeStatus id="6043B8951C51FFA5ECF4CD74FD4E8875" box="[709,757,513,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5ED53CD74FC5F8875" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[866,996,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiata">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5ED53CD74FC5F8875" box="[866,996,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. gladiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its formerly unrecognized or not distinguished relatives. Totally seven species are recognized, with three new species described below.Two subgroups can be well-distinguished: First, the
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EC03CD3CFD0A880D" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[562,689,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiata">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EC03CD3CFD0A880D" box="[562,689,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. gladiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup has no ochreous spot on the tornal area of the hindwing (
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EEAECD18FEAB88E6" box="[159,272,621,648]" captionStart="FIGURE 122" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1596]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 122. Habitus of Cidariplura gladiata complex. 1. C. gladiata, male, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 2. Ditto, female, NSMT3286, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 3. Ditto, male, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 4. Ditto, female, NSMT3299, Ishigaki Is., Japan (NSMT); 5. Ditto, male, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 6. Ditto, female, NSMT3290, Taiwan (NSMT); 7. Ditto, male, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 8. Ditto, female, NSMT3296, Vietnam (NSMT); 9. Ditto, male, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 10. Ditto, male, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 11. C. nanling sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 12. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3292, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 13. C. luding sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 14. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3280, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 15. C. maraho, male, holotype (TFRI); 16. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 17. C. shanmeii, male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 18. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 19. C. hbun sp. nov., male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 20. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 21. Ditto, male, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 22. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3288, Jiulianshan, Guangdong (SCAU). Scale bar= 10 mm. Photos by Mamoru Owada (114, 19, 21, 22), Shipher Wu (1518, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449872/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Figs 116</figureCitation>
) and has the length of the 3
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segment of the labial palpus as long as or slightly longer than that of the 2
<superScript id="488DAB7F1C51FFA5EBBDCD19FA278814" attach="none" box="[1420,1436,620,634]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">nd</superScript>
(
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EEAECDE4FE2488C5" box="[159,415,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2333" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1832,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1052,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1052,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2333. Male labial palpus of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 23. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 24. Ditto, Taiwan (TFRI); 25. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 26. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 27. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 28. C. shanmeii, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 29. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 30. C. hbun sp. nov., paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 31. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 32. C. hbun, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 33. C. maraho, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI). Photos by Mamoru Owada (23, 2527, 29, 31, 32), Shipher Wu (24, 28, 30, 33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449876/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Figs 2327, 29, 31, 33</figureCitation>
); second, the
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EC08CDE4FC1388C5" authority="Wu &amp; Owada, 2013" authorityName="Wu &amp; Owada" authorityYear="2013" box="[569,936,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanmeii">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EC08CDE4FD0488C5" box="[569,703,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. shanmeii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB697BC61C51FFA5ECF7CDE4FC1388C5" author="Wu, S. &amp; Owada, M. &amp; Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H." box="[710,936,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" pagination="143 - 160" refId="ref13912" refString="Wu, S., Owada, M., Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H. (2013) Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3746 (1), 143 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3746.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Wu &amp; Owada, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup has an ochreous spot on the tornal area of the hindwing (
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EFA1CDC0FDAA88A1" box="[400,529,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 122" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,301,1596]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 122. Habitus of Cidariplura gladiata complex. 1. C. gladiata, male, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 2. Ditto, female, NSMT3286, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 3. Ditto, male, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 4. Ditto, female, NSMT3299, Ishigaki Is., Japan (NSMT); 5. Ditto, male, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 6. Ditto, female, NSMT3290, Taiwan (NSMT); 7. Ditto, male, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 8. Ditto, female, NSMT3296, Vietnam (NSMT); 9. Ditto, male, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 10. Ditto, male, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 11. C. nanling sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 12. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3292, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 13. C. luding sp. nov., male, holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 14. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3280, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 15. C. maraho, male, holotype (TFRI); 16. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 17. C. shanmeii, male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 18. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 19. C. hbun sp. nov., male, holotype, Taiwan (TFRI); 20. Ditto, female, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 21. Ditto, male, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 22. Ditto, female, paratype, NSMT3288, Jiulianshan, Guangdong (SCAU). Scale bar= 10 mm. Photos by Mamoru Owada (114, 19, 21, 22), Shipher Wu (1518, 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449872/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Figs 1722</figureCitation>
) and has the length of the 3
<superScript id="488DAB7F1C51FFA5ED7DCDC1FCE188AC" attach="left" box="[844,858,692,706]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">rd</superScript>
segment of the labial palpus more than three times longer than the 2
<superScript id="488DAB7F1C51FFA5EF66CDADFEDC8888" attach="left" box="[343,359,728,742]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">nd</superScript>
(
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EF46CDACFD9D889D" box="[375,550,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 2333" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1832,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1052,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1052,1813]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2333. Male labial palpus of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 23. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 24. Ditto, Taiwan (TFRI); 25. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (NSMT); 26. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 27. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 28. C. shanmeii, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 29. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 30. C. hbun sp. nov., paratype, Taiwan (TFRI); 31. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 32. C. hbun, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); 33. C. maraho, paratype, Taiwan (TFRI). Photos by Mamoru Owada (23, 2527, 29, 31, 32), Shipher Wu (24, 28, 30, 33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449876/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Figs 28, 30, 32</figureCitation>
). The male and female genitalia within the
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EA22CDACFB29889D" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[1043,1170,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiata">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EA22CDACFB29889D" box="[1043,1170,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. gladiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup are generally similar except
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EF0ECD88FE7D8979" box="[319,454,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanmeii">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EF0ECD88FE7D8979" box="[319,454,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. shanmeii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has the saccular process of the valva distinctively smaller and shorter (
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EB70CD88FA2F8979" box="[1345,1428,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3445" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1788,1813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1433,320,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,320,1695]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3445. Male genitalia of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 34. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 35. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 36. Ditto, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 37. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (TFRI); 38. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 39. Ditto, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 40. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 41. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 42. C. maraho, holotype, TFRI147244, Taiwan (TFRI); 43. C. shanmeii, holotype, TFRI128721, Taiwan (TFRI); 44. C. hbun sp. nov., holotype, TFRI195178, Taiwan (TFRI); 45. Ditto, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); Photos by Mamoru Owada (3441, 4445), Shipher Wu (4243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449880/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) than in the other species (
<figureCitation id="27C31AB21C51FFA5EF84CC54FDDA8955" box="[437,609,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 3445" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1788,1813]" captionTargetBox="[177,1433,320,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,320,1695]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3445. Male genitalia of Cidariplura gladiata complex (equal in scale). 34. C. gladiata, NSMT3285, Honshu, Japan (NSMT); 35. Ditto, NSMT3301, Iriomote Is., Japan (NSMT); 36. Ditto, NSMT3289, Taiwan (NSMT); 37. Ditto, NSMT3295, Vietnam (TFRI); 38. Ditto, NSMT-MO169, Korea (NSMT); 39. Ditto, NSMT3294, Huangshan, Anhui (NSMT); 40. C. nanling sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3291, Nanling, Guangdong (SCAU); 41. C. luding sp. nov., holotype, NSMT3279, Luding, Sichuan (SCAU); 42. C. maraho, holotype, TFRI147244, Taiwan (TFRI); 43. C. shanmeii, holotype, TFRI128721, Taiwan (TFRI); 44. C. hbun sp. nov., holotype, TFRI195178, Taiwan (TFRI); 45. Ditto, paratype, NSMT3303, Qiyunshan, Hunan (SCAU); Photos by Mamoru Owada (3441, 4445), Shipher Wu (4243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3449880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3449880/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Figs 3442, 44</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF4706371C51FFA5EEF6CC30FCB389C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,512,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EEF6CC30FEBD8931" bold="true" box="[199,262,837,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Note.</emphasis>
The species complex comprising
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5ECB1CC30FC788931" authority="Wu &amp; Owada, 2013" authorityName="Wu &amp; Owada" authorityYear="2013" box="[640,963,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilana">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5ECB1CC30FD618931" box="[640,730,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. ilana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DB697BC61C51FFA5ECD1CC30FC788931" author="Wu, S. &amp; Owada, M. &amp; Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H." box="[736,963,837,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" pagination="143 - 160" refId="ref13912" refString="Wu, S., Owada, M., Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H. (2013) Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3746 (1), 143 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3746.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Wu &amp; Owada, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which will be reviewed in a future article, has a similar saccular process of the valva as that of
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5ECC4CC1CFCC789ED" box="[757,892,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanmeii">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5ECC4CC1CFCC789ED" box="[757,892,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. shanmeii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the costal process and distal portion of the valva are fused in
<taxonomicName id="78F87DB41C51FFA5EF55CCF8FE0489C9" authorityName="Wu &amp; Owada" authorityYear="2013" box="[356,447,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilana">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EF55CCF8FE0489C9" box="[356,447,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">C. ilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="DB697BC61C51FFA5EFCBCCF8FD1F89C9" author="Wu, S. &amp; Owada, M. &amp; Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H." box="[506,676,909,935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" pagination="143 - 160" refId="ref13912" refString="Wu, S., Owada, M., Shiao, S. F. &amp; Yen, S. H. (2013) Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3746 (1), 143 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3746.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
Wu
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EC18CCFBFDE189C9" box="[553,602,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 55).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7E255BC1C51FFA5EEF6CCC5FC4B89A5" box="[199,1008,944,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BF4706371C51FFA5EEF6CCC5FC4B89A5" blockId="2.[151,1437,512,972]" box="[199,1008,944,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="8D8CDA251C51FFA5EEF6CCC5FEDA89A5" bold="true" box="[199,353,944,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C7EF46A71C51FFA5EF56CCC4FE1689A5" box="[359,429,945,971]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C7EF46A71C51FFA5EF89CCC4FE4389A5" box="[440,504,945,971]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="6043B8951C51FFA5EC36CCC4FD8289A5" box="[519,569,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<collectingCountry id="C7EF46A71C51FFA5EC9ACCC4FD4989A5" box="[683,754,945,971]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C7EF46A71C51FFA5ECCCCCC4FCEA89A5" box="[765,849,945,971]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="C7EF46A71C51FFA5EDB9CCC4FC5789A5" box="[904,1004,945,971]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="491">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>