213 lines
26 KiB
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213 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="9CFB2020A1DFA3276A0DFA7877AF8522" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4210.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37280" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4210.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e782e07d-76b7-4e9b-ba34-ed3286254ec6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252966" ID-ZooBank="D39416B8-CF85-440B-84C2-D4380BECC4E3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484869979019" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard" docDate="2016" docId="373F87D7FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FC7C4797" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4210.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4210 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lautoconus Monterosato 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="CB06FFAFFF9FFF8EFFC8A876FF89416A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1698435921492" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1368040BCC6BB369ECCD370EDBB1735A">
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<mods:title id="5EC133A791873C593CB0E3EFF2021728">A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A908ACA1AFE4E6DFF8BB888479CFE276" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DCCA90C9238F70E22167D4F36092FA50">Harzhauser, Mathias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AD74DBC43C929910216F8E5127816B8">Landau, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="32B7373E5EBCE9C8FD4F92DF771F11D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CFBF1909129973C04952F9E981B59AC9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FC200C28945B391C0B432CAD6A395586">
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<mods:date id="581B6A1815CAB2276A5737CDCD7053C2">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D0A745190A3C706B8FABAD8CDDAB7A40" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="035F2B9F9A3DA15634F1A7FBCDB43C3F">4210</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="58F5C1764D169A33AC534C9890FB99F9">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="40040F7433E633AC8023AEF17734B9DA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F8E3D206C2C982C9BDA36F3E7783BBF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4210.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="373F87D7FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FC7C4797" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622338" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127615942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622338" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:373F87D7FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FC7C4797" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/373F87D7FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FC7C4797" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection id="F78C654AFFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FDE44234" box="[151,621,836,862]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FDE44234" blockId="73.[151,621,836,862]" box="[151,621,836,862]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<heading id="E46181ADFFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FDE44234" bold="true" box="[151,621,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF5FAB32FDE44234" bold="true" box="[151,621,836,862]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FF25AB32FDE44234" ID-CoL="68c4ce74-e281-4575-8787-6441c63d60d8" authority="Monterosato, 1923" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1923" box="[237,621,836,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF25AB32FEF54234" bold="true" box="[237,380,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FE4CAB32FDE44234" author="Monterosato" box="[388,621,836,862]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Monterosato, M. di (1923) Molluschi delle Coste Cirenaiche Raccolti dall'Ing. Camillo Crema. Memoria Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 107, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1923">Monterosato, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F78C654AFFD6FFC7FF5FABFDFC7C4797" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF5FABFDFABA42CA" blockId="73.[151,1331,906,928]" box="[151,1331,906,928]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Type species (by original designation):
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FDEEABFDFB9842CA" authority="Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792" authorityName="Hwass in Bruguiere" authorityYear="1792" box="[550,1041,906,928]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FDEEABFDFD7642CA" box="[550,767,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Conus mediterraneus</emphasis>
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Hwass in
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FCA2ABFCFB9842CA" author="Bruguiere" box="[874,1041,906,928]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Bruguiere, M. (1792) Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturale des Vers. Tome Ier. Impensis Panckoucke, Paris, 345 - 752 pp." type="book chapter" year="1792">Bruguière, 1792</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Recent, Mediterranean Sea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF5FABBBFDB94424" blockId="73.[151,1436,973,1790]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF5FABBBFF5F428C" bold="true" box="[151,214,973,998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Note.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF15ABBBFE70428C" author="Tucker" box="[221,505,973,998]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp." type="book" year="2009">Tucker & Tenorio (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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gave few shell features by which to distinguish members of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FAD1ABB8FEE44560" authority="Monterosato, 1923" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FAD1ABB8FA15428F" box="[1305,1436,974,997]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF5FAB84FEE44560" author="Monterosato" box="[151,365,1010,1034]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Monterosato, M. di (1923) Molluschi delle Coste Cirenaiche Raccolti dall'Ing. Camillo Crema. Memoria Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 107, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1923">Monterosato, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The shells are turgid in shape with convex sides. The protoconch is paucispiral. The whorl tops are ornamented with cords that reach the middle spire whorls and often persist. The subsutural flexure is shallow to moderate in depth.
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FE41AC4FFD244538" author="Puillandre" box="[393,685,1081,1106]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Duda, T. F., Meyer, C., Olivera, B. M. & Bouchet, P. (2014 a) One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 8, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
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Puillandre
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FDC4AC4CFDCC4538" box="[524,581,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FD0AAC4FFD584538" author="Puillandre" box="[706,721,1081,1106]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Bouchet, P., Duda, T. F., Kauferstein, S., Kohn, A. J., Olivera, B. M., Watkins, M. & Meyer, C. (2014 b) Molecular Phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78, 290 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.023" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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) synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FC46AC4CFB5F4538" authority="da Motta, 1991" authorityName="da Motta" authorityYear="1991" box="[910,1238,1081,1106]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FC46AC4CFB85453B" box="[910,1036,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
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da
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FB8EAC4CFB5F4538" author="Motta" box="[1094,1238,1081,1106]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="da Motta, A. J. (1991) A systematic classification of the gastropod family Conidae at the generic level. La Conchiglia, Roma, 48 pp." type="book" year="1991">Motta, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FAD1AC4CFEE6451C" authority="Monterosato, 1923" authorityName="Monterosato" authorityYear="1923" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FAD1AC4CFA15453B" box="[1305,1436,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF5FAC28FEE6451C" author="Monterosato" box="[151,367,1118,1142]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Monterosato, M. di (1923) Molluschi delle Coste Cirenaiche Raccolti dall'Ing. Camillo Crema. Memoria Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 107, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1923">Monterosato, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on molecular data. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FC83AC2BFBFA451C" author="Tucker" box="[843,1139,1117,1142]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp." type="book" year="2009">Tucker & Tenorio (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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the genus
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FB30AC28FEAE45F0" authority="da Motta, 1991" authorityName="da Motta" authorityYear="1991" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FB30AC28FAFF451F" box="[1272,1398,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
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da
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF5FACF4FEAE45F0" author="Motta" box="[151,295,1154,1178]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="da Motta, A. J. (1991) A systematic classification of the gastropod family Conidae at the generic level. La Conchiglia, Roma, 48 pp." type="book" year="1991">Motta, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by shells with smooth spire whorls, a rounded, indistinct shoulder, a shallow subsutural sinus and a paucispiral protoconch. For their molecular phylogeny
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FBCCACD3FA8645D4" author="Puillandre" box="[1028,1295,1189,1214]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Duda, T. F., Meyer, C., Olivera, B. M. & Bouchet, P. (2014 a) One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 8, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
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Puillandre
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FBB7ACD0FB3945D4" box="[1151,1200,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FAD3ACD3FAA345D4" author="Puillandre" box="[1307,1322,1189,1214]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Bouchet, P., Duda, T. F., Kauferstein, S., Kohn, A. J., Olivera, B. M., Watkins, M. & Meyer, C. (2014 b) Molecular Phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78, 290 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.023" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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) analysed numerous species, traditionally placed in
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FDB5ACBCFC89458B" box="[637,768,1226,1249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FDB5ACBCFC89458B" box="[637,768,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but only two species, which are listed as
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FB3FACBCFAFC458B" box="[1271,1397,1226,1249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FB3FACBCFAFC458B" box="[1271,1397,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF5FAC9BFE35446C" author="Tucker" box="[151,444,1261,1286]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp." type="book" year="2009">Tucker & Tenorio (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FE18AC98FD75446C" authority="Rockel, 1987" authorityName="Rockel" authorityYear="1987" box="[464,764,1261,1286]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="xicoi">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FE18AC98FDD1446F" box="[464,600,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Conus xicoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FDABAC9BFD75446C" author="Rockel" box="[611,764,1261,1286]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Rockel, D. (1987) Conus xicoi, a new species from Angola (Prosobranchia: Conidae). Publicacoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 9, 44 - 48." type="journal article" year="1987">Röckel, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FCF1AC98FB6D446C" authority="Rolan & Rockel, 2000" authorityName="Rolan & Rockel" authorityYear="2000" box="[825,1252,1261,1286]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="franciscoi">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FCF1AC98FC44446C" box="[825,973,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. franciscoi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FC10AC9BFB6D446C" author="Rolan" box="[984,1252,1261,1286]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Rolan, E. & Rockel, D. (2000) The endemic Conus of Angola. Argonauta, 13, 5 - 44." type="journal article" year="2000">Rolán & Röckel, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Unfortunately,
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FF5FAD64FD8D4440" authority="Kiener, 1845" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,516,1297,1322]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="variegatus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF5FAD64FEE94443" box="[151,352,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Conus variegatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FEA3AD67FD8D4440" author="Kiener" box="[363,516,1297,1322]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kiener, L. C. (1845 - 1850) Genre Cone. (Conus, Lin.). Species general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes comprenant la collection du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris. La collection Lamarck, celle du prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. B. Delessert) et les decouvertes recentes des voyageurs, J. B. Baillier, Paris, 379 pp." type="book" year="1845">Kiener, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<typeStatus id="602D8863FFD6FFC7FD89AD64FDF84440" box="[577,625,1298,1322]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FD33AD64FCF04443" box="[763,889,1298,1321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FD33AD64FCF04443" box="[763,889,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is missing from their analysis. Therefore, the synonymization remains debateable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF0FAD2FFC7D474F" blockId="73.[151,1436,973,1790]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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The main difference in shell characters listed by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FCD1AD2FFBCF4418" author="Tucker" box="[793,1094,1369,1394]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp." type="book" year="2009">Tucker & Tenorio (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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is the presence of cords on
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<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FF5FAD08FE9044FF" box="[151,281,1406,1429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF5FAD08FE9044FF" box="[151,281,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and their absence in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FDE1AD08FD2E44FF" box="[553,679,1406,1429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FDE1AD08FD2E44FF" box="[553,679,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The characteristic pyriform outline of most species placed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FF5FADD4FE9C44D3" box="[151,277,1442,1465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FF5FADD4FE9C44D3" box="[151,277,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not a distinguishing feature but may also be developed by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FC10ADD4FBD244D3" box="[984,1115,1442,1465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FC10ADD4FBD244D3" box="[984,1115,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FAD1ADD4FE4344B4" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mercator">
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|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FAD1ADD4FF7444B7" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus mercator</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The radula morphologies as described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FC72ADB3FB5244B4" author="Tucker" box="[954,1243,1477,1502]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp." type="book" year="2009">Tucker & Tenorio (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
do not require a separation and their West African geographic distribution is identical. Consequently, we follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FB2DAD9FFF61474C" author="Puillandre" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Duda, T. F., Meyer, C., Olivera, B. M. & Bouchet, P. (2014 a) One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 8, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
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Puillandre
|
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<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FAA9AD9CFA1C4768" box="[1377,1429,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2014a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DB074B30FFD6FFC7FF3BAE7BFE8B474C" author="Puillandre" box="[243,258,1549,1574]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Puillandre, N., Bouchet, P., Duda, T. F., Kauferstein, S., Kohn, A. J., Olivera, B. M., Watkins, M. & Meyer, C. (2014 b) Molecular Phylogeny and evolution of the cone snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78, 290 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.05.023" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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) and treat
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FEB1AE78FE7E474F" box="[377,503,1550,1573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FEB1AE78FE7E474F" box="[377,503,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as subjective junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FCA3AE78FC67474F" box="[875,1006,1550,1573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FCA3AE78FC67474F" box="[875,1006,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF0FAE47FB5D47DC" blockId="73.[151,1436,973,1790]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FE88AE44FE4A4723" box="[320,451,1586,1609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FE88AE44FE4A4723" box="[320,451,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is represented in the middle Miocene Paratethys Sea by several species, which comprise moderately small to moderately large and medium-wide to wide shells with low to medium high spires; spiral cords on the sutural ramp may be present or replaced by faint spiral threads. The subsutural flexures are variable in depth, ranging from very shallow to deep, are usually moderately curved and moderately asymmetrical.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF2936C1FFD6FFC7FF0FAEB4FC7C4797" blockId="73.[151,1436,973,1790]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
|
To our knowledge, none of the extant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FD4CAEB4FC8E47B3" box="[644,775,1730,1753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FD4CAEB4FC8E47B3" box="[644,775,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FC84AEB4FC4347B3" box="[844,970,1730,1753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Varioconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FC84AEB4FC4347B3" box="[844,970,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Varioconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) species has a tuberculate early spire or develops nodes. Therefore, we exclude tuberculate species from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="78964D42FFD6FFC7FCA3AE90FC674797" box="[875,1006,1766,1789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Lautoconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8DE2EAD3FFD6FFC7FCA3AE90FC674797" box="[875,1006,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Lautoconus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |