treatments-xml/data/37/28/87/372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7801028" ID-ZooBank="2B1317DB-B3DE-47DF-9DE9-D884A884ECC3" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1680677740972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif &amp; Timm, Alicia" docDate="2023" docId="372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gibbalaria scabellana Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm 2023, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="CB11FFAB3E684A3BEE67FF9FAF69FFCE" masterDocTitle="Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1680678250757" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5610-9855</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA. tortricidae. jwb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5610 - 9855</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tortricidae.jwb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern NO- 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Timm, Alicia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>217</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[151,748,1627,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,748,1627,1689]" box="[151,748,1627,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,748,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,748,1627,1654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authority="(Zeller)" authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,521,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana" status="new combination">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,418,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Gibbalaria scabellana</emphasis>
(Zeller)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[534,748,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,485,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,748,1627,1689]" box="[151,485,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<figureCitation box="[151,236,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 3‒10" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,417,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[160,1427,417,1862]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3‒10. Adults of Gibbalaria. 3. G. divergana holotype female; 4. G. chiloanei holotype male; 5. G. occidentana paratype female; 6. G. occidentana holotype male; 7. G. occidentana paratype female; 8. G. longiphallus holotype male; 9. G. mabalingwae holotype male; 10. G. scabellana male, South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801035/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Figs 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[248,319,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 11‒18" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,381,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-117@10.[150,1437,381,1849]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 11‒18. Adults of Gibbalaria. 11. G. scabellana female, South Africa; 12. G. bagamoyo male, Tanzania; 13. G. bagamoyo female, Tanzania; 14. G. analcis male, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 15. G. analcis female, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 16. G. scabellana male underside, South Africa; 17. G. bagamoyo male underside, Kenya; 18. G. mabalingwae holotype male, underside." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801037/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">11, 16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[331,403,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 19‒24" captionStartId="13.[152,270,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[156,1415,181,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[156,1432,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 19‒24. Male genitalia of Gibbalaria. 19. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,608; 20. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,619 (HT); 21. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,615 (PT); 22. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,616; 23. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,603; 24. G. longiphallus, Bassi slide 6441(HT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801039/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">22, 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[415,485,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 30‒35" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 30‒35. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">33, 34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="228" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,932,1731,1878]" box="[151,746,1731,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authority="Zeller, 1852: 81" authorityName="Zeller" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,529,1731,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[151,359,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Sericoris scabellana</emphasis>
Zeller, 1852: 81
</taxonomicName>
; Diakonoff 1957: 72.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,932,1731,1878]" box="[151,648,1762,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,648,1762,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName authority="(Zeller)" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,454,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Afroploce" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[151,366,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Afroploce scabellana</emphasis>
(Zeller)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Aarvik, L." box="[462,644,1762,1786]" page="324" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation author="Aarvik, L." box="[462,644,1762,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" pagination="313 - 347" refId="ref12971" refString="Aarvik, L. (2019) Tortricidae (Tortricoidea). Esperiana Memoir, 8, 313 - 347." type="journal article" year="2019">Aarvik 2019: 324</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,932,1731,1878]" box="[151,932,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,932,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitation author="Meyrick, E." box="[151,567,1793,1817]" page="228" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" year="1911">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="95YNQ" authority="Meyrick, 1911: 228" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,567,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Argyroploce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[151,358,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Argyroploce sistrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Meyrick, E." box="[365,567,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" pagination="218 - 240" refId="ref14185" refString="Meyrick, E. (1911) Descriptions of Transvaal Microlepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 2, 218 - 240." type="journal article" year="1911">Meyrick, 1911: 228</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[578,756,1793,1817]" page="287" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[578,756,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" refId="ref13358" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1955) Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Volume 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 332 pp." type="book" year="1955">Clarke 1955: 287</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,926,1793,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">new synonymy</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,932,1731,1878]" box="[151,547,1823,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,547,1823,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitation author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[151,543,1823,1848]" page="548" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" year="1958">
<taxonomicName authority=": Clarke 1958: 548" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="548" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,543,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Olethreutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[151,351,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Olethreutes sistrata</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[364,543,1823,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" refId="ref13403" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1958) Catalogue of the type specimens of microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 600 pp." type="book" year="1958">Clarke 1958: 548</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,932,1731,1878]" box="[151,741,1854,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,741,1854,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<treatmentCitation author="Diakonoff, A." box="[151,546,1854,1878]" page="498" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" year="1973">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="S4XL" authority=": Diakonoff 1973: 498" authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityPageNumber="498" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,546,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Celypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[151,318,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Celypha sistrata</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Diakonoff, A." box="[331,546,1854,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" refId="ref13642" refString="Diakonoff, A. (1973) The South Asiatic Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Zoologische Monographieen van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. 1, 699 pp." type="book" year="1973">Diakonoff 1973: 498</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Brown 2005: 168.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1436,1924,2023]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,1924,1950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.As currently defined (see Remarks below), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[748,998,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[748,998,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Gibbalaria scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is superficially nearly indistinguishable from other species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[402,526,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[402,526,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">Gibbalaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the species that lack the dark scale patch on the undersurface of the hindwing (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,446,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[274,446,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">D. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[501,640,1996,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[501,640,1996,2023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Its male genitalia can be distinguished from those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1261,1436,1996,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiphallus">
<emphasis box="[1261,1436,1996,2023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="228">G. longiphallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shorter and more truncate phallus, and from those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Razowski" authorityYear="2008" box="[832,1018,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mabalingwae">
<emphasis box="[832,1018,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. mabalingwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a short-triangular uncus. From 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Razowski &amp; Wojtusiak" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[296,446,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bagamoyo">
<emphasis box="[296,446,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. bagamoyo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs in the location of the patch of spiniform setae basal to the flange of the sacculus, and from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Razowski" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[260,375,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analcis">
<emphasis box="[260,375,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. analcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it differs by a more constricted (i.e., less rounded) tegumen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,258,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Redescription</emphasis>
. Head: Brown; posterior half of labial palpus black. Thorax: Brown-gray, tegula brown proximally. Forewing length 
<quantity box="[477,614,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
; forewing ground color mottled with brown and gray, slightly tinged with pinkish subterminally, grayish near costa, with some faint refractive bluish spots, suffusions and spots brownish and blackish. Fringe gray, blackish terminally. Hindwing pale brownish gray above; fringe cream; male under side with irregularly ovoid patch of brownish gray secondary scales near middle of wing; hindwing conspicuously darker brown in female. Abdomen: Male genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[721,848,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 19‒24" captionStartId="13.[152,270,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[156,1415,181,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[156,1432,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 19‒24. Male genitalia of Gibbalaria. 19. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,608; 20. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,619 (HT); 21. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,615 (PT); 22. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,616; 23. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,603; 24. G. longiphallus, Bassi slide 6441(HT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801039/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Figs 22, 23</figureCitation>
) with uncus short-triangular; socii fused to tegumen; valva broad to middle with short, small hairy lobe at basal edge of basal cavity; sacculus terminating in rounded flange, with long group of dense setae (Spc 
<superScript attach="right" box="[655,663,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">1</superScript>
) above ventral edge, two stout spines at base of cucullus; cucullus moderately uniform in width, slightly narrowing postmedially; phallus moderately broad, short; vesica with five to seven cornuti, one with a larger base. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[778,906,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 30‒35" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 30‒35. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
) with sclerite surrounding ostium bursae large, postostial sterigma fairly long with slender lateroterminal lobes; antrum mostly sclerotized with variably developed mediolateral diverticulum; signum with single proximal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,376,690,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DNA barcodes</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BOLD" country="South Africa" county="In" location="Ten" municipality="Because" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCode="ABW0591, ADE2779" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EFEEFD2CAEDAFD03" box="[393,435,691,717]" country="South Africa" county="In" municipality="Because" name="Ten" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Ten</location>
specimens of this species in 
<collectionCode box="[782,858,691,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">BOLD</collectionCode>
form a BIN (
<collectionCode box="[1024,1104,690,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">BOLD</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode box="[1108,1233,690,717]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">ABW0591</specimenCode>
) with an average difference of 0.21% among the samples. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ECF4FD48ADBDFD3F" box="[659,724,727,753]" country="South Africa" county="In" municipality="Because" name="Three" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Three</location>
specimens from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EDCAFD48AB4AFD3F" box="[941,1059,727,753]" country="South Africa" county="In" municipality="Because" name="Makhanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Makhanda</location>
[Grahamstown], 
<collectingRegion box="[1272,1432,727,753]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,297,763,789]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(listed below) form a separate BIN (
<collectionCode box="[727,807,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">BOLD</collectionCode>
: 
<specimenCode box="[810,931,763,789]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">ADE2779</specimenCode>
). 
<collectingMunicipality box="[952,1045,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Because</collectingMunicipality>
we are unable to find convincing morphological characters to separate specimens of the two BINs, we tentatively assign all to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1200,1356,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[1200,1356,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectingCounty box="[1371,1394,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">In</collectingCounty>
the trees (
<figureCitation box="[219,290,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[164,1390,199,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[160,1427,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum (ML) likelihood tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[304,319,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[156,1373,181,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[156,1431,181,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801032/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">2</figureCitation>
) the 
<specimenCount box="[375,555,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from Makhanda are listed as “ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[900,1021,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[900,1021,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.”
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,942,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,276,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Types.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation box="[283,942,871,897]" collectionCode="NHRS" country="South Africa" location="Kaffraria" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[283,387,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[394,415,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brown &amp; Aarvik &amp; Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[431,552,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[431,552,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry box="[576,721,871,897]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ECBBFCF8AC2BFC4F" box="[732,834,871,897]" country="South Africa" name="Kaffraria" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Kaffraria</location>
(
<collectionCode box="[849,930,871,897]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">NHRS</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<materialsCitation box="[199,1257,907,935]" collectingDate="1909-01" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="South Africa" location="Natal" municipality="Pinetown" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus box="[199,311,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♁ (
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1973" box="[368,452,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Celypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[368,452,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">sistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry box="[481,632,907,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ECEDFC14ADA0FC6B" box="[650,713,907,933]" country="South Africa" municipality="Pinetown" name="Natal" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Natal</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[730,839,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Pinetown</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date box="[856,965,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1909-01">
<collectingDate box="[856,965,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1909-01">Jan 1909</collectingDate>
</date>
, G.S. #9404 (
<collectionCode box="[1136,1249,907,933]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1909-12-13" collectingDateMax="1911-01-18" collectingDateMin="1909-12-13" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Transvaal, A. I. D. &amp; Transvaal, C. I. S." country="South Africa" location="Barberton" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus box="[1273,1436,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Diakonoff" authorityYear="1973" box="[161,245,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Celypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[161,245,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">sistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<collectingCountry box="[268,413,943,969]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName box="[425,619,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Transvaal, A.I.D.</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EC1FFC30AD82FC07" box="[632,747,943,969]" country="South Africa" name="Barberton" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Barberton</location>
, 
<date box="[758,893,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-01-18">
<collectingDate box="[758,893,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-01-18">18 Jan 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount box="[912,943,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), G.S. #6625 (
<collectionCode box="[1110,1222,943,969]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
), 
<collectorName box="[1241,1430,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Transvaal, C.I.S.</collectorName>
, Zoutpansberg, 
<date box="[319,462,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1909-12-13">
<collectingDate box="[319,462,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1909-12-13">13 Dec 1909</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), G.S. #6624 (
<collectionCode box="[678,791,979,1005]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,556,1014,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Additional material examined</emphasis>
(24♁, 
<specimenCount box="[635,671,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
). 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-02-10" collectingDateMax="2015-02-12" collectingDateMin="2015-02-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. Brown &amp; A. Timm" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.304" location="Makhanda" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="26.528" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">
<collectingCountry box="[693,839,1015,1041]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[849,1001,1015,1041]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ED94FC68AB00FBDF" box="[1011,1129,1015,1041]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.304" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="26.528" name="Makhanda" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Makhanda</location>
[Grahamstown], 
<geoCoordinate box="[1325,1432,1015,1041]" degrees="33.304" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="-33.304">33.304°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,259,1050,1077]" degrees="26.528" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="55" value="26.528">26.528°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[273,461,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-10" valueMax="2015-02-12" valueMin="2015-02-10">
<collectingDate box="[273,461,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-10" valueMax="2015-02-12" valueMin="2015-02-10">10‒12 Feb 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(2♁, 
<specimenCount box="[532,565,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), 
<collectorName box="[593,697,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">J. Brown</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[737,843,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">A. Timm</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode box="[858,939,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
slides 145,603 (♁), 145,652 (
<specimenCount box="[1291,1309,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[1338,1425,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[151,1028,1087,1113]" collectingDate="1927-12" collectionCode="T, DMP" collectorName="Janse" country="South Africa" location="Modderpoort" municipality="Eastern" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Free State">
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,235,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Eastern</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion box="[243,361,1087,1113]" country="South Africa" name="Free State" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Free State</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EF12FBA0AD65FB97" box="[373,524,1087,1113]" country="South Africa" municipality="Eastern" name="Modderpoort" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Free State">Modderpoort</location>
, 1818 
<date box="[600,709,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1927-12">
<collectingDate box="[600,709,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1927-12">Dec 1927</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount box="[729,761,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), A. J. 
<collectionCode box="[846,864,1087,1113]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[876,937,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Janse</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[953,1020,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-15" collectionCode="UOG" collectorName="P. Hebert &amp; J. DeWaard" country="South Africa" elevation="1500" latitude="-25.9492" location="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Center" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6567" municipality="Hekpoort" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
<collectingRegion box="[1039,1138,1087,1113]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Gauteng</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1150,1259,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Hekpoort</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EA90FBA0AE11FBB3" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.9492" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6567" municipality="Hekpoort" name="Mogale's Gate Biodiversity Center" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Gauteng">Mogale’s Gate Biodiversity Center</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[391,494,1122,1149]" degrees="25.9492" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="-25.9492">-25.9492</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[508,602,1122,1149]" degrees="27.6567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="27.6567">27.6567</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[616,707,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation box="[616,707,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[722,868,1122,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-15">
<collectingDate box="[722,868,1122,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-15">15 Feb 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(3♁), 
<collectorName box="[949,1055,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">P. Hebert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1098,1231,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">J. DeWaard</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1249,1316,1123,1149]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" name="University of Guelph" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">UOG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-16" collectionCode="UOG" collectorName="P. Hebert &amp; DeWaard" country="South Africa" elevation="1660" latitude="25.9492" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6267" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<geoCoordinate box="[1338,1432,1122,1149]" degrees="25.9492" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="25.9492">25.9492</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,245,1159,1185]" degrees="27.6267" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="27.6267">27.6267</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[255,340,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1660.0">
<elevation box="[255,340,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[350,487,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-16">
<collectingDate box="[350,487,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-16">16 Feb 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount box="[504,536,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), 
<collectorName box="[559,660,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">P. Hebert</collectorName>
&amp; J. 
<collectorName box="[716,821,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DeWaard</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[835,902,1159,1185]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" name="University of Guelph" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">UOG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-02-14" collectionCode="UOG" collectorName="P. Hebert &amp; J. DeWaard" country="South Africa" elevation="1420" latitude="-25.9383" location="Bush Camp" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6389" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
nr. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EDDDFB18AB56FB6F" box="[954,1087,1159,1185]" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.9383" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6389" name="Bush Camp" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Bush Camp</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1096,1200,1158,1185]" degrees="25.9383" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="-25.9383">-25.9383</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1209,1303,1159,1185]" degrees="27.6389" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="27.6389">27.6389</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1312,1398,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1420.0">
<elevation box="[1312,1398,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-14">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2012-02-14">14 Feb 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[330,432,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">P. Hebert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[468,598,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">J. DeWaard</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[612,679,1195,1221]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34783" name="University of Guelph" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">UOG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-02-07" collectionCode="TGC" collectorName="SE Hekpoort &amp; Gilligan &amp; Brown &amp; Staude" country="South Africa" elevation="1361" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
3 air km 
<collectorName box="[797,946,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">SE Hekpoort</collectorName>
, 
<quantity box="[956,1043,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.361" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1361.0">
<elevation box="[956,1043,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.361" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1361.0">1361 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1054,1180,1194,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-07">
<collectingDate box="[1054,1180,1194,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-07">7 Feb 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[1254,1349,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Gilligan</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1360,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Brown</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[181,257,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Staude</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[273,335,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">TGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-02-06" collectingDateMax="2015-02-08" collectingDateMin="2015-02-06" collectionCode="T, TGC" collectorName="Gilligan" country="South Africa" elevation="1526" location="Mountain Lodge" municipality="Magaliesburg Nature Reserve" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5">
<collectingMunicipality box="[355,693,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Magaliesburg Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, Steynshoop 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ED2BFB50AB62FB27" box="[844,1035,1231,1257]" country="South Africa" municipality="Magaliesburg Nature Reserve" name="Mountain Lodge" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Mountain Lodge</location>
, 
<quantity box="[1047,1135,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.526" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1526.0">
<elevation box="[1047,1135,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.526" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1526.0">1526 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1148,1304,1230,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-06" valueMax="2015-02-08" valueMin="2015-02-06">
<collectingDate box="[1148,1304,1230,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-02-06" valueMax="2015-02-08" valueMin="2015-02-06">6‒8 Feb 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(15♁, 
<specimenCount box="[1385,1420,1230,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
), 
<collectionCode box="[151,169,1267,1293]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[179,271,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Gilligan</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[285,347,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">TGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-01-31" collectionCode="T, USNM" collectorName="J. Brown &amp; Gilligan" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.9642" location="Mogale's Gate Natural Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6348" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EF0AFB6CADA7FAC3" box="[365,718,1267,1293]" country="South Africa" latitude="-25.9642" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="27.6348" name="Mogale's Gate Natural Reserve" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Mogale’s Gate Natural Reserve</location>
, site #2, riparian woods, 
<geoCoordinate box="[994,1097,1266,1293]" degrees="25.9642" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="-25.9642">-25.9642</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1107,1201,1267,1293]" degrees="27.6348" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="5" value="27.6348">27.6348</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1212,1345,1266,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-01-31">
<collectingDate box="[1212,1345,1266,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-01-31">31 Jan 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="229">J. Brown</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectionCode box="[264,282,1303,1329]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[293,385,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Gilligan</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[400,487,1303,1329]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-11-20" collectingDateMax="2015-11-21" collectingDateMin="2015-11-20" collectionCode="T, TGC" collectorName="Gilligan &amp; H. Staude" country="South Africa" county="Magaliesburg" elevation="1538" location="Highveld" municipality="Golden Valley" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty box="[506,662,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Magaliesburg</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[674,836,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Golden Valley</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ED37FA88ACD1FAFF" box="[848,952,1303,1329]" country="South Africa" county="Magaliesburg" municipality="Golden Valley" name="Highveld" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Highveld</location>
grassland, 
<quantity box="[1079,1167,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.538" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1538.0">
<elevation box="[1079,1167,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.538" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1538.0">1538 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1179,1368,1302,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-11-20" valueMax="2015-11-21" valueMin="2015-11-20">
<collectingDate box="[1179,1368,1302,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2015-11-20" valueMax="2015-11-21" valueMin="2015-11-20">20‒21 Nov 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(2♁), 
<collectionCode box="[151,169,1339,1365]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[180,272,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Gilligan</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[308,419,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">H. Staude</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[434,496,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">TGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[515,1108,1338,1367]" collectingDate="1915-12-10" collectionCode="T, DMP" collectorName="Janse" country="South Africa" location="Heidelberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EC64FAA4ADEBFA9B" box="[515,642,1339,1365]" country="South Africa" name="Heidelberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Heidelberg</location>
, 
<date box="[653,796,1338,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1915-12-10">
<collectingDate box="[653,796,1338,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1915-12-10">10 Dec 1915</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), A. J. 
<collectionCode box="[929,947,1339,1365]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[958,1019,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Janse</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1034,1101,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1913-11-17" collectionCode="T, DMP" collectorName="Janse" country="South Africa" location="Pretoria" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EA38FAA4ABD2FA9B" box="[1119,1211,1339,1365]" country="South Africa" name="Pretoria" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Pretoria</location>
, 
<date box="[1222,1368,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1913-11-17">
<collectingDate box="[1222,1368,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1913-11-17">17 Nov 1913</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), A. J. 
<collectionCode box="[207,225,1375,1401]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[235,296,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Janse</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[309,376,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[393,971,1375,1401]" collectingDate="1902-11" collectionCode="DMP" collectorName="Junod" country="South Africa" location="Shiluvane" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limpopo">
<collectingRegion box="[393,500,1375,1401]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EF9AFAC0AD19FAB7" box="[509,624,1375,1401]" country="South Africa" name="Shiluvane" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Limpopo">Shiluvane</location>
, 
<date box="[634,744,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1902-11">
<collectingDate box="[634,744,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1902-11">Nov 1902</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount box="[761,793,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), 
<collectorName box="[816,883,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Junod</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[897,964,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1911-02-23" collectingDateMax="1923-02-18" collectingDateMin="1911-02-23" collectionCode="T, DMP, AMNH" collectorName="Janse &amp; C. J. Swierstra" country="South Africa" location="Rooiplaat" municipality="Three Sisters" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<collectingRegion box="[981,1149,1375,1401]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1158,1304,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Three Sisters</collectingMunicipality>
<date box="[1309,1436,1374,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-05">
<collectingDate box="[1309,1436,1374,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-05">5 Mar 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<date box="[219,348,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-08">
<collectingDate box="[219,348,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-08">8 Mar 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<date box="[423,561,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-02-23">
<collectingDate box="[423,561,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-02-23">23 Feb 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<date box="[636,779,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-13">
<collectingDate box="[636,779,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1911-03-13">13 Mar 1911</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), A. J. 
<collectionCode box="[910,928,1411,1437]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[939,1000,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Janse</collectorName>
(2 
<collectionCode box="[1037,1098,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
, 2 
<collectionCode box="[1128,1219,1411,1437]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">AMNH</collectionCode>
). 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EAB2FA1CAA2CFA53" box="[1237,1349,1411,1437]" country="South Africa" municipality="Three Sisters" name="Rooiplaat" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Rooiplaat</location>
, 
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1923-02-18">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1923-02-18">18 Feb 1923</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[284,450,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">C. J. Swierstra</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[466,533,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-11-20" collectingDateMax="2016-11-21" collectingDateMin="2016-11-20" collectionCode="GBC" collectorName="Bassi" country="South Africa" elevation="1180" latitude="-23.566668" location="Forever Resort" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="30.766666" municipality="Blyde River" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">
<collectingRegion box="[552,704,1447,1473]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[716,855,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Blyde River</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37ED04FA38AB67FA0F" box="[867,1038,1447,1473]" country="South Africa" latitude="-23.566668" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="30.766666" municipality="Blyde River" name="Forever Resort" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Mpumalanga">Forever Resort</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1050,1145,1447,1473]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="925" value="-23.566668">23°34’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1158,1253,1447,1473]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" precision="925" value="30.766666">30°46’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1266,1353,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1180.0">
<elevation box="[1266,1353,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1180.0">1180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2016-11-20" valueMax="2016-11-21" valueMin="2016-11-20">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2016-11-20" valueMax="2016-11-21" valueMin="2016-11-20">20‒21 Nov 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
(3♁), G, 
<collectorName box="[370,431,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Bassi</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[446,509,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">GBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-02-24" collectingDateMax="1968-02-25" collectingDateMin="1968-02-24" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Krombein &amp; Spangler" country="South Africa" location="Transvaal" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EC68FA54ADE8FA2B" box="[527,641,1483,1509]" country="South Africa" name="Transvaal" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Transvaal</location>
: 
<locationDeviation box="[650,868,1482,1509]" location="Warmbad" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<quantity box="[650,701,1482,1509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 mi</quantity>
WE Warmbad
</locationDeviation>
, 
<date box="[878,1060,1482,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1968-02-24" valueMax="1968-02-25" valueMin="1968-02-24">
<collectingDate box="[878,1060,1482,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1968-02-24" valueMax="1968-02-25" valueMin="1968-02-24">24‒25 Feb 1968</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁, 
<specimenCount box="[1124,1157,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), 
<collectorName box="[1182,1296,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Krombein</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1331,1432,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Spangler</collectorName>
, male slide 144,616 (
<collectionCode box="[375,462,1519,1545]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[479,1161,1519,1547]" collectingDate="2009-12-13" collectionCode="DMP" collectorName="C. J. Swierstra" country="South Africa" location="Woodbush Village" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EFB8FA70ADD9F9C7" box="[479,688,1519,1545]" country="South Africa" name="Woodbush Village" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Woodbush Village</location>
, 
<date box="[698,839,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2009-12-13">
<collectingDate box="[698,839,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2009-12-13">13 Dec 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[911,1073,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">C. J. Swierstra</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1087,1154,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-10-28" collectingDateMax="2002-10-29" collectingDateMin="2002-10-28" collectionCode="NHMO" collectorName="Wolf" country="South Africa" location="Waterval-Boven" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EAF5FA70AA25F9C7" box="[1170,1356,1519,1545]" country="South Africa" name="Waterval-Boven" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Waterval-Boven</location>
, 
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2002-10-28" valueMax="2002-10-29" valueMin="2002-10-28">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="2002-10-28" valueMax="2002-10-29" valueMin="2002-10-28">28‒29 Oct 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(4♁, 
<specimenCount box="[320,353,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
), H.W. v.d, 
<collectorName box="[490,548,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Wolf</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode box="[559,645,1555,1581]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMO</collectionCode>
slide 4112 
<collectionCode box="[773,859,1555,1581]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMO</collectionCode>
(1♁) and 4113 (
<specimenCount box="[1046,1078,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[1104,1196,1555,1581]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">NHMO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-02-20" collectingDateMax="1978-02-25" collectingDateMin="1978-02-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. &amp; M. Davis &amp; B. Akerbergs" country="South Africa" elevation="1375" location="Blackheath Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">
<collectingRegion box="[1214,1394,1555,1581]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
: ca. 
<locationDeviation box="[151,334,1591,1617]" location="Rietvlei" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<quantity box="[151,210,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
S Rietvlei
</locationDeviation>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EF3DF9A8AD76F99F" box="[346,543,1591,1617]" country="South Africa" name="Blackheath Farm" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Blackheath Farm</location>
, 
<quantity box="[555,644,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1375.0">
<elevation box="[555,644,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1375.0">1375 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[657,842,1590,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1978-02-20" valueMax="1978-02-25" valueMin="1978-02-20">
<collectingDate box="[657,842,1590,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1978-02-20" valueMax="1978-02-25" valueMin="1978-02-20">20–25 Feb 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[919,1091,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">D. &amp; M. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1130,1281,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">B. Akerbergs</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode box="[1294,1375,1591,1617]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
slide 144,873 (
<collectionCode box="[256,343,1627,1653]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[361,811,1627,1655]" collectingDate="1919-11" collectionCode="DMP" collectorName="A. Janse" country="South Africa" location="Sarnia" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EF0EF9C4AEDAF9BB" box="[361,435,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Sarnia" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Sarnia</location>
, 
<date box="[446,556,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1919-11">
<collectingDate box="[446,556,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1919-11">Nov 1919</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[628,722,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">A. Janse</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[736,803,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-03-12" collectingDateMax="1968-03-13" collectingDateMin="1968-03-12" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. Spangler" country="South Africa" location="Wilderness" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion box="[820,979,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
: C.P., 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EA71F9C4ABFFF9BB" box="[1046,1174,1627,1653]" country="South Africa" name="Wilderness" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Western Cape">Wilderness</location>
, 
<date box="[1184,1369,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1968-03-12" valueMax="1968-03-13" valueMin="1968-03-12">
<collectingDate box="[1184,1369,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1968-03-12" valueMax="1968-03-13" valueMin="1968-03-12">12‒13 Mar 1968</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[151,279,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">P. Spangler</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[295,382,1663,1689]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation box="[403,1255,1662,1691]" collectingDate="1919-02-16" collectingDateMax="1919-02-25" collectingDateMin="1919-02-16" collectionCode="DMP" collectorName="H. G. Bryer" country="South Africa" location="Minastone" municipality="Unknown Province" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[403,626,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Unknown Province</collectingMunicipality>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EC19F9E0AD9DF957" box="[638,756,1663,1689]" country="South Africa" municipality="Unknown Province" name="Minastone" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Minastone</location>
<date box="[765,950,1662,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1919-02-16" valueMax="1919-02-25" valueMin="1919-02-16">
<collectingDate box="[765,950,1662,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1919-02-16" valueMax="1919-02-25" valueMin="1919-02-16">16–25 Feb 1919</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[1028,1164,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">H. G. Bryer</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1180,1247,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1927-02-01" collectionCode="DMP" collectorName="G. v. Son" country="Malta" location="Ptbg." pageId="12" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry box="[1267,1335,1663,1689]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Malta</collectingCountry>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E634A36EEF0F9C4ABDFF817:BA5E601E3E644A37EB23F9E0AAEBF957" box="[1348,1410,1663,1689]" country="Malta" name="Ptbg." pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Ptbg.</location>
, 
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1927-02-01">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="229" value="1927-02-01">1 Feb 1927</collectingDate>
</date>
(1♁), 
<collectorName box="[331,435,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. v. Son</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[450,517,1699,1725]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">DMP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1734,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Distribution</emphasis>
. As presented circumscribed, this species is widely distributed throughout 
<collectingCountry box="[1183,1328,1735,1761]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, from sea level to about 
<quantity box="[311,396,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</quantity>
elevation. Nothing is known of the life history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1852" box="[322,550,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[322,550,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Sericoris scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female; the genitalia were illustrated by Diakonoff (1957). The male genitalia of the 
<typeStatus box="[518,621,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1911" box="[655,882,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Argyroploce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[655,882,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Argyroploce sistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke, J. F. G." box="[1099,1312,1842,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" refId="ref13403" refString="Clarke, J. F. G. (1958) Catalogue of the type specimens of microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 600 pp." type="book" year="1958">Clarke (1958: 548)</bibRefCitation>
. Both male and female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1852" box="[419,575,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[419,575,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">G. scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present a rather baffling array of variation, even though subtle, and indicate that additional cryptic species may be involved. This assumption is supported by results from DNA-barcoding (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[164,1390,199,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[160,1427,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum (ML) likelihood tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801030/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[179,196,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[156,1373,181,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[156,1431,181,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801032/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="229">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7801039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801039/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" startId="13.[152,270,1660,1684]" targetBox="[156,1415,181,1637]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,1660,1757]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,349,1660,1685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">FIGURES 19‒24.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[545,658,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[545,658,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">Gibbalaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 19. 
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[713,959,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[713,870,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. occidentana</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
slide 145,608; 20. 
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[1163,1379,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[1163,1291,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
slide 145,619 (HT); 21. 
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[340,550,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[340,464,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
slide 145,615 (PT); 22. 
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[794,1019,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[794,934,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. scabellana</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
slide 144,616; 23. 
<taxonomicName authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[1211,1436,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[1211,1351,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. scabellana</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
slide 145,603; 24. 
<taxonomicName authority=", Bassi" authorityName="Bassi" box="[339,564,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiphallus">
<emphasis box="[339,497,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. longiphallus</emphasis>
, Bassi
</taxonomicName>
slide 6441(HT).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,1803,2009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">
<bibRefCitation author="Aarvik, L." box="[199,359,1803,1829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" pagination="313 - 347" refId="ref12971" refString="Aarvik, L. (2019) Tortricidae (Tortricoidea). Esperiana Memoir, 8, 313 - 347." type="journal article" year="2019">Aarvik (2019)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Razowski" authorityYear="2008" box="[524,710,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mabalingwae">
<emphasis box="[524,710,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. mabalingwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName box="[775,931,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[775,931,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in the present study based on additional material from 
<collectingCountry box="[312,457,1839,1865]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, that synonymy probably was incorrect; hence, we reinstate 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Razowski" authorityYear="2008" box="[1137,1322,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mabalingwae">
<emphasis box="[1137,1322,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. mabalingwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species. Study of the 
<typeStatus box="[402,450,1875,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1911" box="[596,828,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Argyroploce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sistrata">
<emphasis box="[596,828,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">Argyroploce sistrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in NHMUK shows that this species falls within our concept of 
<taxonomicName box="[277,433,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[277,433,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">G. scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. To add further confusion, DNA barcodes indicate that 
<specimenCount box="[1061,1242,1911,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from Makhanda, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,295,1947,1973]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">South Africa</collectingCountry>
form a distinct cluster outside of 
<taxonomicName box="[675,796,1947,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[675,796,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, because we are unable to separate these from typical 
<taxonomicName box="[234,355,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[234,355,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on morphology, we include them in our broad concept of 
<taxonomicName box="[1078,1199,1983,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[1078,1199,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="230">scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>