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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7801028" ID-ZooBank="2B1317DB-B3DE-47DF-9DE9-D884A884ECC3" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1680677740972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif &amp; Timm, Alicia" docDate="2023" docId="372887D33E604A33EEF0FF08AE30FB6C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gibbalaria divergana Brown and Aarvik 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="225" masterDocId="CB11FFAB3E684A3BEE67FF9FAF69FFCE" masterDocTitle="Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1680678250757" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5610-9855</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA. tortricidae. jwb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5610 - 9855</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tortricidae.jwb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern NO- 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Timm, Alicia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>217</mods:start>
<mods:end>239</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7801028</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2B1317DB-B3DE-47DF-9DE9-D884A884ECC3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E604A33EEF0FF08AE30FB6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/372887D33E604A33EEF0FF08AE30FB6C" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection box="[151,808,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,808,151,213]" box="[151,808,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,808,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,808,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName authority="Brown and Aarvik" authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,651,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,410,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria divergana</emphasis>
Brown and Aarvik
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[664,808,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,262,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,808,151,213]" box="[151,262,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<figureCitation box="[151,221,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 310" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,417,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[160,1427,417,1862]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 310. Adults of Gibbalaria. 3. G. divergana holotype female; 4. G. chiloanei holotype male; 5. G. occidentana paratype female; 6. G. occidentana holotype male; 7. G. occidentana paratype female; 8. G. longiphallus holotype male; 9. G. mabalingwae holotype male; 10. G. scabellana male, South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[234,262,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">30</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,532,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[284,532,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is superficially most similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[906,1081,259,286]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[906,1081,259,286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; unfortunately, the male of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[413,657,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[413,657,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has about the same forewing length as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1096,1266,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[1096,1266,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is slightly smaller than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[296,434,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[296,434,331,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is based on exceedingly few specimens.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[992,1236,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[992,1236,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to have a slightly darker forewing pattern, with a well-defined, sub-rectangular bar extending from mid-termen that represents the remnant of the post-median fascia, and darker markings in general. In the female genitalia, the antrum of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly shorter than that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[606,777,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[606,777,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[831,969,439,466]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[831,969,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the diverticulum at the posterior end of the ductus bursae is small and lobe-like. DNA barcodes provide additional evidence that is it distinct from those two species (
<figureCitation box="[296,367,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[164,1390,199,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[160,1427,181,1866]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum (ML) likelihood tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801030/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[381,398,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1893,1917]" captionTargetBox="[156,1373,181,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[156,1431,181,1870]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree for species of Gibbalaria and out-groups." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801032/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Description.</emphasis>
Male unknown. Female. Head: As described for genus. Thorax: As described for genus; with distinct metathoracic tuft with distal scales slightly metallic bluish; forewing length 7.0 mm (n = 1); forewing with a series of ill-defined, parallel, outwardly oblique fascia, starting at about mid-costa, basal-most brown, followed by narrow silver-gray, then pale brown, then silver-gray, with a distinct, sub-rectangular, dark brown bar near midtornus (
<figureCitation box="[239,311,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 310" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,417,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[160,1427,417,1862]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 310. Adults of Gibbalaria. 3. G. divergana holotype female; 4. G. chiloanei holotype male; 5. G. occidentana paratype female; 6. G. occidentana holotype male; 7. G. occidentana paratype female; 8. G. longiphallus holotype male; 9. G. mabalingwae holotype male; 10. G. scabellana male, South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Abdomen: Genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[583,667,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 3035" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 3035. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) as described for genus; sterigma a short, semicircular, shield-like plate, antrum with posterior edge (= ostium) nearly straight, weakly bilobed anteriorly, slightly shorter than that of congeners; ductus bursae membranous, about as long as corpus bursae, with characteristic small diverticulum immediately anterad of antrum on left side; corpus bursae rounded-oblong; signum a small, coarsely reticulated area with a very shallow pocket with a single long tooth; anterior end of corpus bursae with a tiny lobe-like extension.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,382,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">DNA barcodes.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" specimenCode="ACN9260" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
The DNA barcode from the
<typeStatus box="[723,821,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">holotype</typeStatus>
is joined by a specimen from
<collectionCode box="[1182,1258,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">BOLD</collectionCode>
to form a BIN (
<collectionCode box="[159,238,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode box="[241,361,907,933]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">ACN9260</specimenCode>
) that is 3.37% different from its nearest neighbor
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,276,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Types.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-11-12" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. Brown" country="South Africa" elevation="550" latitude="-30.3106" location="Makhanda" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="26.5256" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[283,387,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[394,415,944,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="female"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry box="[430,575,943,969]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[586,735,943,970]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E604A33EEF0FF08AE30FB6C:BA5E601E3E604A33EC81FC30AC35FC07" box="[742,860,943,969]" country="South Africa" latitude="-30.3106" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="26.5256" name="Makhanda" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Makhanda</location>
[Grahamstown],
<quantity box="[1057,1131,943,970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="550.0">
<elevation box="[1057,1131,943,970]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1143,1263,943,969]" degrees="30.3106" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="-30.3106">30.3106°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1275,1397,943,970]" degrees="26.5256" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" precision="5" value="26.5256">26.5256°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="225" value="2013-11-12">
<collectingDate pageId="8" pageNumber="225" value="2013-11-12">12 Nov 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[274,374,980,1006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">J. Brown</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[387,474,979,1005]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
),
<collectionCode box="[492,573,979,1005]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
slide 145,609. [Grahamstown has officially been renamed Makhanda, and the latter name is used throughout the manuscript.]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species is known only from
<specimenCount box="[728,881,1051,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
from Makhanda,
<collectingRegion box="[1081,1338,1051,1078]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, and one from The Crags,
<collectingRegion box="[341,606,1087,1114]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[618,763,1087,1113]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. The
<typeStatus box="[824,922,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected in March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,259,1186]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,1123,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet refers to the slightly divergent appearance of the species, with a rather bold forewing pattern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>