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<document id="1686B3C256320380EF3A67DC86F57F14" ID-DOI="10.1643/h2023025" ID-ISSN="2766-1520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749162" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722897803294" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Parkin, Tom, Rowley, Jodi J. L., Gillard, Grace L., Sopniewski, Jarrod, Shea, Glenn M. &amp; Donnellan, Stephen C." docDate="2024" docId="370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolHerpetol.112.1.76-105.pdf" docOrigin="Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology 112 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/h2023025" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752.2:IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752" docStyleName="IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Limnodynastes superciliaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="CB35FFB14A366F7F867A2F1C081BFFC6" masterDocTitle="Systematics and Taxonomy of the Northern Banjo Frog (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Limnodynastes terraereginae) and Allied Taxa" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="76" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1726068880812" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CED093CB087FF10E3DEBDB2BF8CA159E">Systematics and Taxonomy of the Northern Banjo Frog (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Limnodynastes terraereginae) and Allied Taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C9B2B2FDF772DEBE40BE22302E2E1A5">Parkin, Tom</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9D004F97D0E9AC4328C8408FE853992">Rowley, Jodi J. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B0F6661D99D29AEAAD7FE855207DB7A">Gillard, Grace L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20D2066F64F2F4D6FC1D6105747073FB">Sopniewski, Jarrod</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FECDAEAF91866EC60ED83F09B9C54926">Shea, Glenn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC52C0EFE0AF7FB6F94E9785B063A26D">Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4DB021F5EFCE0FD05D1171368F4B6D86">Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AD8AA02F3E7EEDC6B188F71EBC35356B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D58B0C9CD94CA1B14A864F14A7CBA8E">112</mods:number>
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<treatment id="370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13285277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13285277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A246F6D86F42B6C0ABAFB41" box="[142,673,1136,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42B6C0ABAFB41" blockId="18.[142,673,1136,1159]" box="[142,673,1136,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="E45281B34A246F6D86F42B6C0ABAFB41" bold="true" box="[142,673,1136,1159]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A246F6D86F42B6C0ABAFB41" ID-CoL="6LL5N" authority="(Keferstein, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[142,673,1136,1159]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F42B6C0ABAFB41" bold="true" box="[142,673,1136,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F42B6C09DBFB41" bold="true" box="[142,448,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Limnodynastes superciliaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB344B2E4A246F6D87B62B6C0A8DFB41" author="Keferstein, W." box="[460,662,1136,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" pagination="342 - 361" refId="ref21256" refString="Keferstein, W. 1867. Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der G. A. Universitat zu Gottingen 18: 342 - 361." type="journal article" year="1867">Keferstein, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A246F6D86F42B920A6DFB07" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42B92093AFB63" blockId="18.[142,630,1166,1217]" box="[142,289,1166,1189]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A246F6D86F42B9208E2FB63" box="[142,249,1166,1189]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[142,170,1003,1022]" captionTargetBox="[143,1529,178,972]" captionTargetId="figure-545@24.[143,1529,178,972]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 14. Holotype of Platyplectrum superciliare, ZFMK 28331. (A) Left-side profile, (B) hind foot, (C) dorsal profile, (D) ventral profile. Images copyright Morris Flecks, ZFMK, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749192/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Figures 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A246F6D877C2B92093AFB63" box="[262,289,1166,1189]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[103,131,1596,1615]" captionTargetBox="[104,1490,178,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-174@25.[104,1490,178,1565]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 15. Images in life of Limnodynastes superciliaris. (A) AMS R.188161, male, South West Rocks, NSW. (B) AMS R.188207, male, lower Blue Mountains, NSW. (C) AMS R.188165, male, Agnes Banks, Cumberland Plains, NSW. (D) AMS R.188164, Harrington, mid-northern coast, NSW. (E) AMS R.188163, female, Laurieton, mid-northern coast, NSW. (F) AMS R.188135, juvenile, Hat Head National Park, mid-northern coast, NSW." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749194/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42BB60A6DFB07" blockId="18.[142,630,1166,1217]" box="[142,630,1194,1217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Suggested common name: Coastal Banjo Frog</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A246F6D86F42BF90D1FFBEE" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42BF90B1EFA91" blockId="18.[142,811,1253,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<materialsCitation id="0FCD3C824A246F6D86F42BF90B1EFA91" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="Bernhard Rudolf Sch" country="Australia" location="Appendix" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" specimenCode="ZFMK28331" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F42BF90910FB3A" bold="true" box="[142,267,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<typeStatus id="601E887D4A246F6D86F42BF908F4FB3A" box="[142,239,1253,1276]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="EF039EA44A246F6D87712BFB0997FB3A" box="[267,396,1255,1276]" collectionCode="ZFMK" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="Museum">ZFMK28331</specimenCode>
(adult male), type locality originally stated as Australien (
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D87132A190960FADD" bold="true" box="[361,379,1285,1307]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">¼</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C7B2764F4A246F6D87012A1909C6FADD" box="[379,477,1285,1307]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Australia</collectingCountry>
). Most likely collected from the environs of Sydney between 1857–1862 by German natural history collector
<collectorName id="125053094A246F6D873B2A5E0A07FA9E" box="[321,540,1346,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Bernhard Rudolf Sch</collectorName>
utte € (see
<location id="BA7A60044A246F6D84012A5E0AFFFA9E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975:BA7A60044A246F6D84012A5E0AFFFA9E" box="[635,740,1346,1368]" country="Australia" name="Appendix" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Appendix</location>
1).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42A6A090EFA0C" blockId="18.[142,811,1398,1482]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F42A6A096DFA4B" bold="true" box="[142,374,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Material examined.—</emphasis>
See Supplementary
<tableCitation id="F22703644A246F6D84232A6B0AA3FA4A" box="[601,696,1399,1421]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[100,147,431,450]" captionText="Table 1. Limnodynastes dorsalis group specimens examined for molecular genetic analyses. Institution codes: ABTC—Australian Biological Tissue Collection, South Australian Museum; AMS— Australian Museum; NMV—Museums Victoria; SAMA—South Australian Museum; QM—Queensland Museum; TMAG—Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. HS—homestead, NP—National Park, SF— State Forest, NR—Nature Reserve. ND4 column refers to GenBank accession numbers." pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Table S1</tableCitation>
(see Data Accessibility) for full list of specimens used in morphometric analyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F42AF40917F9BE" blockId="18.[142,812,1512,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F42AF409FEFA39" bold="true" box="[142,485,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<typeStatus id="601E887D4A246F6D86F42AF408F7FA39" box="[142,236,1512,1535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
measurements (mm).—
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="D9B4AE1A4A246F6D879F2AF50A0BFA38" box="[485,528,1513,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">SVL</collectionCode>
44.9; FOL 27.8; TIB 16.9; THL 16.8; HW 19.7; IOD 4.4; DFE 6.9; IND 4.1; NS 4.3; EN 3.3; ED 5.4; HDD 8.3; SL 7.6; HL 15.9; UAL 7.6; LAL 8.4; HAL 10.3; AL 26.3; FL 20.5;
<collectionCode id="D9B4AE1A4A246F6D87A329590A1CF99C" box="[473,519,1605,1626]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hpyk-a3yp" name="Imperial Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">IMT</collectionCode>
3.4; TEY 1.4; Fin3W 0.9; Toe4W 1.2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F4298B0D1FFBEE" blockId="18.[142,812,1687,1740]" lastBlockId="18.[859,1529,743,1065]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F4298B0A97F96B" box="[142,652,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F4298B0973F968" bold="true" box="[142,360,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Revised diagnosis.—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A246F6D8713298B0A97F96B" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[361,652,1687,1709]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">Limnodynastes superciliaris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be diagnosed from all other species in the
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A246F6D845929AB0A8BF90A" box="[547,656,1718,1740]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D845929AB0A8BF90A" box="[547,656,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">L. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the
<materialsCitation id="0FCD3C824A246F6D85212DFB0D1BFBEE" collectionCode="SVL" latitude="-0.07" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1">
combination of: (1) relatively small adult body size (
<collectionCode id="D9B4AE1A4A246F6D83DF2DFB0DC9FD3A" box="[1445,1490,743,764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">SVL</collectionCode>
for males
<quantity id="785D9B3A4A246F6D85D62C190C2BFCDC" box="[940,1072,773,795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="34.0">34–60 mm</quantity>
; females
<quantity id="785D9B3A4A246F6D82D02C190D35FCDC" box="[1194,1326,773,795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="42.0">42–63 mm</quantity>
), (2) moderately robust build, (3) vestigial webbing trace on the hind foot (i.e., webbing does not extend beyond, or only slightly extends beyond, the first subarticular tubercle on the first toe [
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A246F6D85F72C610BF2FC54" box="[909,1001,893,915]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[142,170,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[143,810,1251,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-414@20.[142,811,1250,1786]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. Illustration of hind foot webbing extent, a useful diagnostic character for identification of the Limnodynastes dorsalis group. (A) Well-developed webbing (extends to beyond half-way between the 1st subarticular tubercle and tip of Toe 1), (B) moderate webbing (extends one-quarter to half-way between the 1st subarticular tubercle on Toe 1), (C) vestigial webbing (does not or only slightly extends beyond the 1st subarticular tubercle on the 1st Toe). Illustration copyright Alana de Laive." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749184/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
]), (4) pale and immaculate, almost translucent, ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A246F6D826B2C870C74FC76" box="[1041,1135,923,945]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[103,131,1593,1612]" captionTargetBox="[104,1490,178,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-184@21.[104,1490,178,1562]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 11. Examples of typical ventral color pattern, a useful diagnostic trait between members of the eastern Limnodynastes dorsalis group. (A) Limnodynastes terraereginae (CYP lineage), (B) L. grayi (WS lineage), (C) L. superciliaris (EC lineage), (D) L. dumerilii dumerilii, (E) L. dumerilii insularis, and (F) L. interioris. Specimen registration labels represent 25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749186/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
), (5) lacks scarlet suffusions in the groin, (6) advertisement call of a high dominant frequency (0.5–1.5 kHz, mean 1.2 kHz) and short duration (0.04–
<geoCoordinate id="DA9150184A246F6D83B32CCB0B7DFBCC" degrees="0.12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" precision="555" value="-0.12">0.12 s</geoCoordinate>
, mean
<geoCoordinate id="DA9150184A246F6D85C02CE90BE7FBCC" box="[954,1020,1013,1034]" degrees="0.07" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" precision="555" value="-0.07">0.07 s</geoCoordinate>
), and (7) genetically by 17 apomorphic character states on the
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D82502B0E0C46FBEE" box="[1066,1117,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">ND4</emphasis>
gene (Table 4)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A246F6C85212B5B0CA3FAAE" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D85212B5B0DD1F9BF" blockId="18.[859,1529,1095,1657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D85212B5B0C8AFB98" bold="true" box="[859,1169,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
Redescription of
<typeStatus id="601E887D4A246F6D826D2B5B0C6EFB98" box="[1047,1141,1095,1118]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.—
</emphasis>
Described from high-resolution images of the preserved specimen after more than 158 years in preservative. Habitus moderately stout and robust. Dorsum and ventral surface smooth. Head large, broadest at tympanum and wider than long. Head appears rounded from above and largely flat in profile, sloping abruptly at the snout. Nostrils are slightly raised and outward-facing. Eyes large and concealed, tympanum indistinct. Arms and legs short and moderately slender, tibial gland prominent, oval-shaped and approximately 60% length of tibia. Four fingers and five toes, all rounded, slender and tapering without terminal discs. Webbing on fingers absent and reduced to a vestigial trace on toes (
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A246F6D82462AB30C9CFA02" box="[1084,1159,1455,1477]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[142,170,1817,1836]" captionTargetBox="[143,810,1251,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-414@20.[142,811,1250,1786]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 10. Illustration of hind foot webbing extent, a useful diagnostic character for identification of the Limnodynastes dorsalis group. (A) Well-developed webbing (extends to beyond half-way between the 1st subarticular tubercle and tip of Toe 1), (B) moderate webbing (extends one-quarter to half-way between the 1st subarticular tubercle on Toe 1), (C) vestigial webbing (does not or only slightly extends beyond the 1st subarticular tubercle on the 1st Toe). Illustration copyright Alana de Laive." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749184/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), no trace of a distended spatula on 2
<superScript id="48D09B974A246F6D85EC2AD40BB6FA11" attach="left" box="[918,941,1480,1495]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">nd</superScript>
finger, indicating specimen is male. Subarticular tubercles prominent on fingers and toes, metacarpal tubercles prominent, inner-metatarsal tubercle also prominent, wedge-shaped and slightly longer than the first toe. Soles of feet smoothly textured. Many small, raised tubercles of varying sizes scattered on posterior edge of thighs and cloaca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6C852129840937FA6E" blockId="18.[859,1529,1687,1740]" lastBlockId="19.[103,773,1044,1448]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D852129840C4FF968" bold="true" box="[859,1108,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Color in preservative.—</emphasis>
Dorsal surface medium brown with a mosaic of lighter and darker brown, cream or yellow paravertebral lines, blotches, and spots. Distinct light cream-yellow vertebral stripe. Pattern transitions to a complex light cream-yellow and dark brown stippling on lateral surface and then completely pale cream, almost translucent on the ventral surface. Prominent cream subaural gland running from below eye to shoulder, with broad dark brown band running through eye. Upper surface of arms and legs consists of complex pattern of light and dark brown, cream-yellow blotches and spots, tending darkest inside the thigh. Posterior edge of forearm with cream stripe. Lower surface of arms and legs pale cream, almost translucent. Raised tubercles around cloaca and posterior edge of thighs, cream-yellow. Slightly darkened throat pigment indicating the specimen is male.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EBDA66574A246F6D86F429EB0A84F8E3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" startId="18.[142,189,1783,1802]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86F429EB0A84F8E3" blockId="18.[142,1529,1782,1829]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86F429EB0AEDF8CD" bold="true" box="[142,758,1783,1803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Table 7. Summary of advertisement call data for members of the</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A246F6D848729EA0BCEF8CC" box="[765,981,1782,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D848729EA0BCEF8CC" box="[765,981,1782,1802]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Limnodynastes dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group lineages redescribed herein, expressed as means 6 standard deviation and the range of values for each taxon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A246F6D86D328480DC1F811" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<table id="CDA5C47F4A24908086F428250DE2F811" box="[142,1529,1849,2007]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<tr id="0195349D4A24908086F428250DE2F8AD" box="[142,1529,1849,1899]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<th id="42445DE14A24908086F428250918F8AD" box="[142,259,1849,1899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D86D3284808F3F8AD" bold="true" box="[169,232,1876,1899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Taxon</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="42445DE14A249080875728250952F8AD" box="[301,329,1849,1899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D874E28480959F8AD" box="[308,322,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">n</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="42445DE14A249080870828250A57F8AD" box="[370,588,1849,1899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D8708282509E6F8AD" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Dominant frequency (kHz)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="42445DE14A249080840C28250B60F8AD" box="[630,891,1849,1899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D84CE28250B1CF8AD" bold="true" box="[692,828,1849,1899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Call duration (s)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="42445DE14A24908085DF28250CCFF8AD" box="[933,1236,1849,1899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D826B28250C6CF8AD" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Call rate (calls/min)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="42445DE14A249080828728250DE2F8AD" box="[1277,1529,1849,1899]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D828728250D82F8AD" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">Fundamental frequency (kHz)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0195349D4A24908086F428990DE2F85B" box="[142,1529,1925,1949]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<th id="42445DE14A24908086F428990918F85B" box="[142,259,1925,1949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">CYP lineage</th>
<td id="42445DE14A249080875728990952F85B" box="[301,329,1925,1949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">5</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080870828990A57F85B" box="[370,588,1925,1949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.8
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D87DB289B09AEF85B" bold="true" box="[417,437,1927,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.2 (0.6
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D847C289B0A0FF85A" box="[518,532,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
1.1)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080840C28990B60F85B" box="[630,891,1925,1949]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.10
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D84DF289B0AA2F85B" bold="true" box="[677,697,1927,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.014 (0.08
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D854E289B0B59F85A" box="[820,834,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.12)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A24908085DF28990CCFF85B" box="[933,1236,1925,1949]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
38.15
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D8598289B0BEDF85B" bold="true" box="[994,1014,1927,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
25.18 (12.72
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D8205289B0C96F85A" box="[1151,1165,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
72.06)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080828728990DE2F85B" box="[1277,1529,1925,1949]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.5
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D832A289B0D7FF85B" bold="true" box="[1360,1380,1927,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0 (0.5
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D83D8289B0DABF85A" box="[1442,1456,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.6)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0195349D4A24908086F428BF0DE2F87C" box="[142,1529,1955,1978]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<th id="42445DE14A24908086F428BF0918F87C" box="[142,259,1955,1978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">WS lineage</th>
<td id="42445DE14A249080875728BF0952F87C" box="[301,329,1955,1978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">41</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080870828BF0A57F87C" box="[370,588,1955,1978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.9
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D87DB28B809AEF87C" bold="true" box="[417,437,1956,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.2 (0.6
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D847C28B90A0FF87C" box="[518,532,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
1.3)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080840C28BF0B60F87C" box="[630,891,1955,1978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.09
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D84C928B80ADCF87C" bold="true" box="[691,711,1956,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.02 (0.05
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D854E28B90B59F87C" box="[820,834,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.14)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A24908085DF28BF0CCFF87C" box="[933,1236,1955,1978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
31.58
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D859828B80BEDF87C" bold="true" box="[994,1014,1956,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
20.54 (4.74
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D820B28B90C64F87C" box="[1137,1151,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
89.67)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080828728BF0DE2F87C" box="[1277,1529,1955,1978]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.6
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D834728B80D4AF87C" bold="true" box="[1341,1361,1956,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.1 (0.4
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D83D828B90DABF87C" box="[1442,1456,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.7)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0195349D4A24908086F428DC0DE2F811" box="[142,1529,1984,2007]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
<th id="42445DE14A24908086F428DC0918F811" box="[142,259,1984,2007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">EC lineage</th>
<td id="42445DE14A249080875728DC0952F811" box="[301,329,1984,2007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">19</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080870828DC0A57F811" box="[370,588,1984,2007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
1.2
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D87DB28DD09AEF811" bold="true" box="[417,437,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.3 (0.5
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D847C28DE0A0FF811" box="[518,532,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
1.5)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080840C28DC0B60F811" box="[630,891,1984,2007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.07
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D84C928DD0ADCF811" bold="true" box="[691,711,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.03 (0.04
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D854E28DE0B59F811" box="[820,834,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.12)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A24908085DF28DC0CCFF811" box="[933,1236,1984,2007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
23.69
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D859828DD0BEDF811" bold="true" box="[994,1014,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
17.25 (5.36
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D820B28DE0C64F811" box="[1137,1151,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
75.52)
</td>
<td id="42445DE14A249080828728DC0DE2F811" box="[1277,1529,1984,2007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">
0.6
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D834728DD0D4AF811" bold="true" box="[1341,1361,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">6</emphasis>
0.1 (0.5
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A246F6D83D828DE0DABF811" box="[1442,1456,1986,2007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="93">–</emphasis>
0.8)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="EBDA66574A256F6C82FB2D720D94FC1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749178/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" startId="19.[1153,1181,622,641]" targetBox="[105,1086,179,981]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6C82FB2D720D94FC1A" blockId="19.[1153,1491,621,988]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C82FB2D720CEEFCE7" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">FIG. 8. Comparison of the male advertisement calls of (A) WS lineage—Rockhampton, QLD (FrogID 312613), (B) EC lineage—Harrington, NSW (AMS R.188164), (C) CYP lineage—Finch Bay, Cooktown, QLD (QM J97862), (D)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A256F6C82802C110CF1FCFD" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1972" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dumerilii" subSpecies="dumerilii">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C82802C110CF1FCFD" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C82902C340D72FC91" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">—Tenterfield Creek, NSW (AMS R.188096), and (E)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A256F6C83142C5E0DC9FC90" authorityName="Fry" authorityYear="1913" box="[1390,1490,834,854]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interioris">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C83142C5E0DC9FC90" box="[1390,1490,834,854]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">L. interioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Narrandera, NSW (FrogID 276467). Audiospectrograms and oscillograms were produced in Raven Pro 1.6 with a fast-Fourier transformation of 512 points, and 50% overlap.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6C861D2ADA0AB1FA3F" blockId="19.[103,773,1478,1530]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C861D2ADA08F2FA1B" bold="true" box="[103,233,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Variation.—</emphasis>
Summary of variation in morphometric characters for each sex is presented in
<tableCitation id="F22703644A256F6C87BF2AF80A0FFA3C" box="[453,532,1508,1530]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="17.[103,150,179,198]" captionText="Table 6. Summary of metric variation (mean 6 SD, and range in mm) for 23 morphometric traits between members of the Limnodynastes dorsalis group lineages redescribed herein. Sample size in parentheses beside sex (m or f)." pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Table 6</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A256F6C84302AF80AB8FA3C" box="[586,675,1508,1530]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[103,131,1154,1173]" captionTargetBox="[103,772,178,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-657@15.[103,772,178,1123]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. Map of sampled contact zones between the EC lineage (green) and L. dumerilii (gray), with STRUCTURE ancestry proportions for individuals indicated in pie charts. Labeled polygons are IBRA7 major biogeographic subregions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749172/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Figure 5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6C861D29050D5CFB44" blockId="19.[103,773,1560,2024]" lastBlockId="19.[820,1490,1044,1154]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C861D29050A0EF9E9" bold="true" box="[103,533,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Color and pattern variation (in life).—</emphasis>
Variation in color is described from images of genotyped specimens taken in life. Ventral surface plain, unpatterned cream anteriorly to translucent pearl posteriorly. Vocal sac often darker yellowbrown and mottled in males. Distinct scarlet patches absent from inguinal region and legs. Dorsal surface dark to light brown with rose-gold or crimson tinge, often with longitudinally aligned paravertebral stripes blotches or mottling. Red-light brown vertebral stripe present and distinct, broken, faded, or absent. Lateral zone light brown fading to cream-white ventrally with transition often marked by a zone of gray, black, and yellow, or cream spots and mottling. Posterior thigh flash black with gray, cream, yellow or orange mottling or blotching. Soles of feet light to dark brown with gray or cream speckling. Lateral edge of foot with yellow to brown cream stripe. Shoulders with yellow, cream, brown, or gold patch, forearm darker gray or brown and usually mottled. Light brown, cream, or gold subaural gland with dark gray to black stripe above extending from rostrum through eye to edge of subaural gland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6C854E2BBC0CA3FAAE" blockId="19.[820,1490,1184,1385]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C854E2BBC0C08FB71" bold="true" box="[820,1043,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Advertisement call.—</emphasis>
The advertisement call description of
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A256F6C83C72BBE0BB4FB13" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C83C72BBE0BB4FB13" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">L. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on the calls of 19 individuals from the Sydney Basin bioregion. The advertisement call consists of a single, resonant note. Individuals had a mean dominant frequency of 0.5–1.5 kHz, and a mean fundamental frequency of 0.5–0.8 kHz. On average, advertisement calls had a duration of 0.04–
<geoCoordinate id="DA9150184A256F6C85B82A4F0C19FAAE" box="[962,1026,1363,1384]" degrees="0.12" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" precision="555" value="-0.12">0.12 s</geoCoordinate>
(
<tableCitation id="F22703644A256F6C826A2A4F0C44FAAE" box="[1040,1119,1363,1385]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="18.[142,189,1783,1802]" captionText="Table 7. Summary of advertisement call data for members of the Limnodynastes dorsalis group lineages redescribed herein, expressed as means 6 standard deviation and the range of values for each taxon." pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Table 7</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="279E2A5A4A256F6C82162A4F0CB3FAAE" box="[1132,1192,1363,1385]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[1153,1181,622,641]" captionTargetBox="[105,1086,179,981]" captionTargetId="figure-557@19.[103,1089,178,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. Comparison of the male advertisement calls of (A) WS lineage—Rockhampton, QLD (FrogID 312613), (B) EC lineage—Harrington, NSW (AMS R.188164), (C) CYP lineage—Finch Bay, Cooktown, QLD (QM J97862), (D) Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii—Tenterfield Creek, NSW (AMS R.188096), and (E) L. interioris —Narrandera, NSW (FrogID 276467). Audiospectrograms and oscillograms were produced in Raven Pro 1.6 with a fast-Fourier transformation of 512 points, and 50% overlap." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749178/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A256F6B854E2A9B0BACFB43" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6C854E2A9B0D9EF89F" blockId="19.[820,1490,1415,1882]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C854E2A9B0BCBFA58" bold="true" box="[820,976,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Distribution.—</emphasis>
Most restricted distribution of the three species (approximately
<quantity id="785D9B3A4A256F6C859C2ABA0C44FA7A" box="[998,1119,1446,1468]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" unit="km" value="26000.0">26,000 km</quantity>
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). Its range is centered entirely within the Sydney Basin and North Coast bioregions, including the Wollemi, Cumberland, Pittwater, Sydney-Cataract, Wyong, Hunter, Karuah-Manning, and Macleay-Hasting sub-bioregions. Mostly occurs in low-lying areas; however, has been recorded up to
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a.s.l. in the Blue Mountains National Park. Southerly distribution limits for this species include Stanwell Tops/Dharawal National Park. Also found throughout the Hawkesbury and Cumberland Plains region, extending to the central, mid-northern, and northern NSW coastline to at least South West Rocks and historically the Nambucca River. Does not occur on the southern coast of NSW as reported previously (i.e.,
<bibRefCitation id="DB344B2E4A256F6C82DF28150D37F8D8" author="Parker, H. W." box="[1189,1324,1801,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref21942" refString="Parker, H. W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1940">Parker, 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DB344B2E4A256F6C834728150DD0F8D8" author="Martin, A. A." box="[1341,1483,1801,1823]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" pagination="165 - 211" refId="ref21776" refString="Martin, A. A. 1972. Studies in Australian Amphibia. III. The Limnodynastes dorsalis complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 20: 165 - 211." type="journal article" year="1972">Martin, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DB344B2E4A256F6C854E283A0BA3F8FD" author="Anstis, M." box="[820,952,1830,1852]" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" refId="ref20315" refString="Anstis, M. 2017. Tadpoles and Frogs of Australia. New Holland Publishers Pty Limited, Chatswood, Australia." type="book" year="2017">Anstis, 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens from Jervis Bay have been confirmed by our genetic analyses to represent
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A256F6C82C928590D64F89F" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1940" box="[1203,1407,1859,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dumerilii" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C82C928590D64F89F" box="[1203,1407,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">L. dumerilii insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A256F6B854E28640AD1FB47" blockId="19.[820,1491,1912,2024]" lastBlockId="20.[142,812,838,1153]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A256F6C854E28640BBFF849" bold="true" box="[820,932,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="94">Habitat.—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0FCD3C824A256F6B85DE28650ADDFB47" county="Peat Swamps on Sandstone" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="95" location="Sydney Region" municipality="Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub" pageId="19" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Castlereagh">
Associated with sandy heathlands, coastal acid swamplands (wallum), and dry open sclerophyll forest. Appears to prefer remnant habitats, uncommonly recorded in urban or agricultural areas. Occurs within a variety of threatened vegetation communities, including the
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B84802C5A08F7FCBF" country="United Kingdom" name="Castlereagh" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Castlereagh</collectingRegion>
Scribbly Gum and Agnes Banks Woodlands of the Sydney Basin Bioregion (Endangered); Temperate
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B84902C9D08DAFC72" country="United Kingdom" name="Highland" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Highland</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="567B4E534A226F6B86B12C820A10FC72" box="[203,523,926,948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Peat Swamps on Sandstone</collectingCounty>
(Endangered); River-flat eucalypt forest on coastal floodplains of southern
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B84832CA00906FC29" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
and eastern
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B87C82CC50A15FC29" box="[434,526,985,1007]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Victoria</collectingRegion>
(Critically Endangered);
<collectingMunicipality id="5F7EACA54A226F6B86F42CEA0A12FBCA" box="[142,521,1014,1036]" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub</collectingMunicipality>
of the
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(Endangered); Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney Basin Bioregion (Endangered); Coastal Swamp Oak (
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A226F6B84972B2D0903FBA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B84972B2D0903FBA5" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Casuarina glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) Forest of
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B87E42B520A75FBA2" box="[414,622,1102,1124]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
and
<location id="BA7A60044A226F6B84D52B520B30FBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:370C87C94A246F6B86F42B6C0C4AF975:BA7A60044A226F6B84D52B520B30FBA5" box="[687,811,1102,1124]" county="Peat Swamps on Sandstone" municipality="Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub" name="South East" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" stateProvince="Castlereagh">South East</location>
<collectingRegion id="7D61F83D4A226F6B86F42B770903FB47" box="[142,280,1131,1153]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Queensland</collectingRegion>
ecological community (Endangered)
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EBDA66574A226F6B82D22EF30D6CFD1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13749182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13749182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13749182/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" startId="20.[1192,1220,495,514]" targetBox="[143,1128,178,725]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A226F6B82D22EF30D6CFD1E" blockId="20.[1192,1530,495,728]" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B82D22EF30D07FDFE" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">FIG. 9. Boxplot comparison of variation in the advertisement call traits between the</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A226F6B835B2D380DE2FDFE" box="[1313,1529,548,568]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B835B2D380DE2FDFE" box="[1313,1529,548,568]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Limnodynastes dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group lineages redescribed herein, depicting variation in (A) dominant frequency (kHz), (B) call duration (s), (C) fundamental frequency (kHz), and (D) call rate (calls/min). Small dots represent outliers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B85212C5A0C4AFC9A" bold="true" box="[859,1105,837,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Conservation status.—</emphasis>
AOO and EOO were calculated at
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and
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, respectively. The estimates for AOO potentially qualify the taxon as Vulnerable. There is lack of evidence of population fragmentation, decline, or severe fluctuation to assess
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A226F6B82EF2CA20D2BFC15" baseAuthorityName="Keferstein" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1173,1328,957,979]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B82EF2CA20D2BFC15" box="[1173,1328,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">L. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for an extinction risk category and so a listing of Least Concern is applicable. However, concern for the species conservation status is warranted given its distribution is centered largely within threatened and fragmented vegetation communities of the Sydney Basin, one of Australia’s most urbanized regions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F7BF65544A226F6B85212BBF0C4AF975" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BF1A36DF4A226F6B85212BBF0C4AF975" blockId="20.[859,1529,1187,1716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B85212BBF0BD7FB7C" bold="true" box="[859,972,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Ecology.—</emphasis>
Males congregate and call around static-water wetlands, wallums, swamps, and dams where they call while floating in water or secreted beneath vegetation at the water’s edge. According to FrogID data, the species is most often recorded calling from streams, creeks, and dams. The peak calling period is from September to November, with some reduced calling activity from December to March. The majority of FrogID recordings of
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<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B82252A690CE4FA4C" box="[1119,1279,1396,1418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">L. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded in natural and rural areas, with few recordings from suburban and urban landscapes. Stomach contents of museum specimens included a wide variety of invertebrate prey, including spiders, centipedes, beetles, earthworms, and ants (predominantly
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A226F6B837E29160DABF9D8" box="[1284,1456,1545,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B837E29160D75F9D9" box="[1284,1390,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">Myrmecia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
). The species burrows into loose, sandy soils during unfavorable weather conditions and appears capable of remaining in aestivation for months at a time. For tadpole identification and development, see
<taxonomicName id="78A54D5C4A226F6B8370299D0DDDF950" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1290,1478,1664,1686]" class="Amphibia" family="Limnodynastidae" genus="Limnodynastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dumerilii" subSpecies="grayi">
<emphasis id="8DD1EACD4A226F6B8370299D0DDDF950" box="[1290,1478,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="95">L. dumerilii grayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section in
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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