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<document id="153ED529BEF394E77797303C91F0B383" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7148a02-ac1a-4172-9071-606bd1e703fc" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283738" ID-ZooBank="CAA37212-3008-43F4-98DE-94D7A3FFD3B6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1692955869775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mu, Yannan &amp; Zhang, Feng" docDate="2023" docId="364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5338.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5338 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Punctus taibai, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="CA77FFA68673FF895A31FFEBD84D203E" masterDocTitle="Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1720090975140" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="979A859A9DDF3E93074B5E8569884053">Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="060B2552B0267BB1AD22E5D3164CE478">Mu, Yannan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A17FF7921028BAE570B56D83712FE6A4">The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Developed, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China &amp; 15188605531 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2504 - 673 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8223E5930B5F9CF021C2C044511474EC">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8D8AFEE9FF5286255F64A58E1BC93618">The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Developed, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283939" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212459929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDA5AA6FF73DA14208F" box="[151,601,151,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="E51081A48620FFDA5AA6FF73DA14208F" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AA6FF73DA14208F" bold="true" box="[151,601,151,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B8620FFDA5AA6FF73D90B208C" ID-CoL="C893W" authority="Mu &amp; Zhang, 2023" box="[151,326,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AA6FF73D90B208C" bold="true" box="[151,326,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A18620FFDA5B7FFF73D9E6208C" box="[334,427,152,178]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ÁHƉflff)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDA5AA6FF57D95920EB" box="[151,276,187,214]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AA6FF57D95920EB" blockId="83.[151,601,151,214]" box="[151,276,187,214]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5AA6FF57D95920EB" box="[151,276,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 67" captionStart-1="FIGURE 68" captionStart-2="FIGURE 69" captionStart-3="FIGURE 70" captionStart-4="FIGURE 71" captionStart-5="FIGURE 72" captionStart-6="FIGURE 73" captionStartId-0="80.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionStartId-1="81.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionStartId-2="82.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-3="83.[151,250,895,919]" captionStartId-4="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionStartId-5="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionStartId-6="86.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,194,1813]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1423,184,1896]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,418,872]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,181,1677]" captionTargetBox-6="[154,1430,184,1254]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@80.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@82.[161,1427,181,1919]" captionTargetId-3="figure-65@83.[151,1436,418,872]" captionTargetId-4="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetId-6="figure-21@86.[151,1435,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId-0="80" captionTargetPageId-1="81" captionTargetPageId-2="82" captionTargetPageId-3="83" captionTargetPageId-4="84" captionTargetPageId-5="85" captionTargetPageId-6="86" captionText-0="FIGURE 67. Habitus of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male holotype, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Female paratype, dorsal view; D. Same, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 68. Iridescent scales of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male, carapace, dorsal view; B. Same, abdomen, dorsal view; C. Female, carapace, dorsal view; D. Same, abdomen, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURE 69. Left legs of Punctus taibai sp. nov. (male holotype): A. Leg I, prolateral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Leg II, prolateral view; D. Same, retrolateral view; E. Leg III, prolateral view; F. Same retrolateral view; G. Leg IV, prolateral view; H. Same, retrolateral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 70. Chelicerae of Punctus taibai sp. nov. (male holotype): A. Front view; B. Ventral view." captionText-4="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." captionText-5="FIGURE 72. Epigyne of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." captionText-6="FIGURE 73. Copulatory organs of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Same, retro-dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283965" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283967" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283971" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283973" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283979" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8283965/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8283967/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8283971/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8283973/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/8283979/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs 6773</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDA5AA6FEEFDAF021B4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AA6FEEFD8AB2158" blockId="83.[151,1437,259,394]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AA6FEEFD90A2123" bold="true" box="[151,327,259,286]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0E8F3C958620FFDA5B60FEEFD8AB2158" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4400675337" collectingDate="2018-05-17" collectorName="Zhisheng Zhang." country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" elevation="1908" latitude="33.896667" location="Houzhenzi Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.79982" municipality="Xi'an City" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5B60FEEFD9F32120" bold="true" box="[337,446,260,286]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="615C886A8620FFDA5B60FEEFD9F32120" box="[337,446,260,286]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
♁,
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5BDDFEE8DA1E2123" bold="true" box="[492,595,259,285]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588620FFDA5BDDFEE8DA032123" box="[492,590,259,285]" name="China" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA586CFEEFDB692123" box="[605,804,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<collectingRegion id="7C23F82A8620FFDA586CFEEFDB692123" box="[605,804,260,286]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Shaanxi Province</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="5E3CACB28620FFDA5904FEEFDBFD2120" box="[821,944,260,286]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Xian City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="57394E448620FFDA598CFEEFDC352120" box="[957,1144,260,286]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Zhouzhi County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="BB3860138620FFDA5EB4FEEFDD042120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0:BB3860138620FFDA5EB4FEEFDD042120" box="[1157,1353,260,286]" country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" latitude="33.896667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.79982" municipality="Xi'an City" name="Houzhenzi Town" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Houzhenzi Town</location>
,
<location id="BB3860138620FFDA5F66FEEFDA7D217C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:364E87DE8620FFDC5AA6FF73DADD27D0:BB3860138620FFDA5F66FEEFDA7D217C" country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" latitude="33.896667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.79982" municipality="Xi'an City" name="Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="DBD3500F8620FFDA5875FEC2DA9B217A" box="[580,726,297,324]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="53.800" orientation="latitude" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="33.896667">33°53.800N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DBD3500F8620FFDA58D6FEC2DBC9217A" box="[743,900,297,324]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="47.989" orientation="longitude" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="107.79982">107°47.989E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="35CAD1FB8620FFDA59A5FEC3DC62217C" box="[916,1071,296,322]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.908" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1908.0">
<quantity id="791F9B2D8620FFDA59A5FEC3DBA3217C" box="[916,1006,296,322]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.908" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1908.0">1908 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
),
<date id="CA5910088620FFDA5E7AFEC3DCA3217C" box="[1099,1262,296,322]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2018-05-17">
<collectingDate id="DA1DE9E08620FFDA5E7AFEC3DCA3217C" box="[1099,1262,296,322]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2018-05-17">17 May 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="1312531E8620FFDA5F05FEC3D8AB2158" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Zhisheng Zhang.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6FE9BDAF021B4" blockId="83.[151,1437,259,394]" box="[199,701,368,394]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="0E8F3C958620FFDA5AF6FE9BDAF421B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4400675306" box="[199,697,368,394]" collectingDate="2018-05-17" collectorName="Zhisheng Zhang." country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" elevation="1908" latitude="33.896667" location="Houzhenzi Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.79982" municipality="Xi'an City" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AF6FE9BD97221B4" bold="true" box="[199,319,368,394]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="615C886A8620FFDA5AF6FE9BD97221B4" box="[199,319,368,394]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="A8E1FD418620FFDA5B7FFE9BD93521B4" box="[334,376,368,394]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
, with same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="EA9866408620FFDA5AA6FC94DCDF23A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283973" box="[151,1170,895,920]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283973/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,895,919]" targetBox="[151,1436,418,872]" targetPageId="83" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AA6FC94DCDF23A6" blockId="83.[151,1170,895,920]" box="[151,1170,895,920]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AA6FC94D96D23A9" bold="true" box="[151,288,895,919]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 70.</emphasis>
Chelicerae of
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B8620FFDA5B85FC6BDA0A23A6" box="[436,583,896,920]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5B85FC6BDA0A23A6" box="[436,583,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA587FFC6BDAD323A6" bold="true" box="[590,670,896,920]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A18620FFDA587FFC6BDAD323A6" box="[590,670,896,920]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(male holotype):
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5962FC94DB2123A9" bold="true" box="[851,876,895,919]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">A.</emphasis>
Front view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA59DFFC6BDC4823A6" bold="true" box="[1006,1029,896,920]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">B.</emphasis>
Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDA5AF6FC01DC3B243A" box="[199,1142,1002,1028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6FC01DC3B243A" blockId="83.[151,1437,1002,1892]" box="[199,1142,1002,1028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AF6FC01D903243A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1002,1028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the
<typeStatus id="615C886A8620FFDA5935FC01DB79243A" box="[772,820,1002,1028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
locality; noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDA5AF6FBE5DA3C253E" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6FBE5DA3C253E" blockId="83.[151,1437,1002,1892]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AF6FBE5D90F2416" bold="true" box="[199,322,1038,1064]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B8620FFDA584EFBE4DB722416" box="[639,831,1039,1064]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maoxian" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA584EFBE4DB722416" box="[639,831,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Punctus maoxian</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5977FBE5DBD32416" bold="true" box="[838,926,1038,1064]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A18620FFDA5977FBE5DBD32416" box="[838,926,1038,1064]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in having a similarly shaped embolus, but can be recognized by: 1) the wider retroventral tibial apophysis, with a triangular apophysis on the prolateral margin, and the wider, simple tip (vs retroventral tibial apophysis tapering from base to tip, prolateral margin smooth, and tip bifurcated, cf.
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5B50FB91D9A824AA" box="[353,485,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 71BC</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA582DFB91DAEE24AA" box="[540,675,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,184,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1071]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 76. Male left palp of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis; SD—sperm duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283985/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 76BC</figureCitation>
), 2) the longer dorsal tibial apophysis (vs short, cf.
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5EDBFB91DD2124AA" box="[1258,1388,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 71C, E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5AA6FB75D8B62486" box="[151,251,1182,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,184,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1071]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 76. Male left palp of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis; SD—sperm duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283985/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 76E</figureCitation>
), 3) the blunt, triangular-shaped tegular apophysis (vs arc-shaped, cf.
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA59CAFB75DC102486" box="[1019,1117,1182,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 71B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5EA1FB75DCB82486" box="[1168,1269,1182,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,184,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1071]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 76. Male left palp of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis; SD—sperm duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283985/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 76B</figureCitation>
), 4) copulatory openings directed mesally, towards each other (vs directed posteriorly, cf.
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA59E2FB29DC7824E2" box="[979,1077,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 72. Epigyne of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5E5AFB29DC9C24E2" box="[1131,1233,1218,1244]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-21@90.[183,1404,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 77. Epigyne of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view.Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283987/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 77A</figureCitation>
), and 5) the round bursa (vs oval, cf.
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5B57FB0DD985253E" box="[358,456,1254,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 72. Epigyne of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 72B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5BCFFB0DDA29253E" box="[510,612,1254,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-21@90.[183,1404,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 77. Epigyne of Punctus maoxian sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view.Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283987/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 77B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD65438620FFDC5AF6FAE1D97A27F4" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6FAE1D956261E" blockId="83.[151,1437,1002,1892]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8620FFDA5AF6FAE1D914251A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1290,1316]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description.</emphasis>
Male (
<typeStatus id="615C886A8620FFDA5B96FAE1DA5B251A" box="[423,534,1290,1316]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
): total length 2.64, carapace 1.23 long, 1.03 wide; abdomen 1.41 long, 0.87 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07; AMEAME 0.03, AMEALE 0.01, ALEALE 0.16, PMEPME 0.05, PMEPLE 0.04, PLEPLE 0.25, ALEPLE 0.04. EAW 0.35, CRW 0.53, EAW/ CRW 0.66, CRW/CW 0.51. MOA 0.17 long, anterior width 0.14, posterior width 0.17.
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588620FFDA5E4FFA9DDCE825AE" box="[1150,1189,1398,1424]" name="Switzerland" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">CH</collectingCountry>
0.12,
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588620FFDA5EDFFA9DDD5925AE" box="[1262,1300,1398,1424]" name="Switzerland" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">CH</collectingCountry>
/AME 2.00. Labium 0.12 long, 0.17 wide. Sternum 0.72 long, 0.65 wide. Leg measurements: 3.83 (1.01, 0.41, 0.98, 0.90, 0.53), II 3.09 (0.81, 0.37, 0.68, 0.76, 0.47), III 2.92 (0.78, 0.36, 0.60, 0.72, 0.46), IV 4.41 (1.14, 0.46, 1.00, 1.18, 0.63). Spination: femora IIV d 1, femora III pl 1, tibia pv 5 rv 5, tibia II pv 5 rv 4, metatarsus pv 3 rv 3, metatarsus II pv 4 rv 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6F9C1D9FD268E" blockId="83.[151,1437,1002,1892]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Coloration: Carapace brown, oval, with several markings resembling flowing water droplets beside fovea and sparse iridescent scales in dorsal view. Abdomen darker in color than carapace, with large dorsal scutum covering almost entire abdomen, with sparse iridescent scales in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA59BDF999DC5C26B2" box="[908,1041,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,194,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-21@80.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 67. Habitus of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male holotype, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Female paratype, dorsal view; D. Same, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283965/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 67A, B</figureCitation>
). Legs yellow to black; all tibia tips with nearly white annuli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE5836C88620FFDA5AF6F951DD05275A" blockId="83.[151,1437,1002,1892]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Palp as in
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5B0EF951D9DB26EA" box="[319,406,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-21@84.[151,1436,181,1552]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 71. Male left palp of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Prolateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Retrolateral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Retro-dorsal view; F. Femur, prolateral view; G. Same, retrolateraal view; H. Same, ventral view.Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs 71</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8620FFDA5B92F951D9B426EA" box="[419,505,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,184,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-21@86.[151,1435,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 73. Copulatory organs of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Same, retro-dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283979/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">73AD</figureCitation>
. Femoral apophysis protruding, with several setae, near tip of femur. Retroventral tibial apophysis wide, prolateral margin with triangular apophysis, tip blunt, slightly curved towards tegulum; dorsal tibial apophysis long, strong, tapering from base to tip. Tegulum thinner than cymbium, oval; tegular apophysis small, blunt triangular-shaped. Sperm duct distinct, covering more than half length of tegulum, tapering from retrolateral side of tegulum to embolus. Embolus short, slanting posteriorly. Conductor wide, membranous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EA9866408627FFDD5AA6F9CCDDD826B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283975/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,249,1575,1599]" targetBox="[151,1436,186,1544]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88627FFDD5AA6F9CCDDD826B9" blockId="84.[151,1437,1575,1672]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5AA6F9CCD9532601" bold="true" box="[151,286,1575,1599]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 71.</emphasis>
Male left palp of
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B8627FFDD5BFCF9C3DA122601" box="[461,607,1575,1599]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5BFCF9C3DA122601" box="[461,607,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5855F9C3DAFF267E" bold="true" box="[612,690,1576,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A18627FFDD5855F9C3DAFF267E" box="[612,690,1576,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD588EF9CCDA952601" bold="true" box="[703,728,1575,1599]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">A.</emphasis>
Prolateral view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD59B0F9C3DBD5267E" bold="true" box="[897,920,1576,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">B.</emphasis>
Ventral view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5E19F9CCDC0D2601" bold="true" box="[1064,1088,1575,1599]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">C.</emphasis>
Retrolateral view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5ECFF9C3DD5A267E" bold="true" box="[1278,1303,1576,1600]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D.</emphasis>
Dorsal view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5AA6F9A7D8E3265A" bold="true" box="[151,174,1612,1636]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">E.</emphasis>
Retro-dorsal view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD5B42F9A7D9CB265A" bold="true" box="[371,390,1612,1636]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">F.</emphasis>
Femur, prolateral view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD584BF9A0DAD9265D" bold="true" box="[634,660,1611,1635]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G.</emphasis>
Same, retrolateraal view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8627FFDD59A6F9A7DBFC265A" bold="true" box="[919,945,1612,1636]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">H.</emphasis>
Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: E—embolus; C—conductor; DTA—dorsal tibial apophysis; FA—femoral apophysis; SD—sperm duct; RvTA—retroventral tibial apophysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BE5836C88627FFDD5AF6F931DB2227CE" blockId="84.[151,1437,1754,2032]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Female (
<typeStatus id="615C886A8627FFDD5B18F931D9DF26CA" box="[297,402,1754,1780]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
): total length 3.66, carapace 1.46 long, 1.22 wide; abdomen 2.20 long, 1.59 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AMEAME 0.03, AMEALE 0.01, ALEALE 0.19, PMEPME 0.05, PMEPLE 0.06, PLEPLE 0.29, ALEPLE 0. 05. EAW 0.41, CRW 0.65, EAW/CRW 0.63, CRW/CW 0.53. MOA 0.21 long, anterior width 0.17, posterior width 0.18.
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588627FFDD59DBF8ADDC5C275E" box="[1002,1041,1862,1888]" name="Switzerland" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">CH</collectingCountry>
0.14,
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588627FFDD5E69F8ADDC33275E" box="[1112,1150,1862,1888]" name="Switzerland" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">CH</collectingCountry>
/AME 2.00. Labium 0.14 long, 0.22 wide. Sternum 0.88 long, 0.80 wide. Leg measurements: 3.83 (1.23, 0.52, 1.18, 1.10, 0.61), II 3.09 (1.07, 0.47, 0.88, 0.90, 0.58), III 2.92 (0.96, 0.43, 0.73, 0.82, 0.55), IV 4.41 (1.38, 0.52, 1.22, 1.42, 0.75). Spination: femora IIV d 1, femur I pl 1, tibia pv 5 rv 6, tibia II pv 5 rv 4, metatarsus pv 4 rv 3, tibia II pv 4 rv 2. Other characters as in male, except dorsal scutum absent (
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8627FFDD58E8F83DDB2E27CE" box="[729,867,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,194,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-21@80.[151,1436,181,1823]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 67. Habitus of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male holotype, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Female paratype, dorsal view; D. Same, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283965/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 67C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="EA9866408626FFDC5AA6F95DDC2226CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8283977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1677]" targetPageId="85" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BE5836C88626FFDC5AA6F95DDC2226CC" blockId="85.[151,1436,1718,1778]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC5AA6F95DD96D26F0" bold="true" box="[151,288,1718,1742]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 72.</emphasis>
Epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="79E74D4B8626FFDC5BAFF95CDA7C26F0" box="[414,561,1718,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrurolithidae" genus="Punctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taibai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC5BAFF95CDA7C26F0" box="[414,561,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Punctus taibai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC5809F95DDAC526F0" bold="true" box="[568,648,1718,1742]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97A057A18626FFDC5809F95DDAC526F0" box="[568,648,1718,1742]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC58A6F95DDAE226F0" bold="true" box="[663,687,1718,1742]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">A.</emphasis>
Ventral view;
<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC5975F95DDB1626F0" bold="true" box="[836,859,1718,1742]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BE5836C88626FFDC5AF6F8AFD97A27F4" blockId="85.[151,1436,1860,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Epigyne as in
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8626FFDC5B54F8AFD9F72760" box="[357,442,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 72. Epigyne of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Ventral view; B. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: B—bursa; CO—copulatory opening; CD—copulatory duct; CT—connecting tube; FD—fertilization duct; S—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283977/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Figs
<geoCoordinate id="DBD3500F8626FFDC5BAAF8AFD9F72760" box="[411,442,1860,1886]" degrees="72, 73" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="555" value="72.73">72</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="26DC2A4D8626FFDC5BF4F8AFDA5C2760" box="[453,529,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,184,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-21@86.[151,1435,181,1259]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 73. Copulatory organs of Punctus taibai sp. nov.: A. Male left palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Same, dorsal view; D. Same, retro-dorsal view; E. Epigyne, ventral view; F. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8283979/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">73EF</figureCitation>
. Epigynal plate sclerotized. Copulatory openings large, far apart, located laterally at middle of plate. Copulatory ducts and connecting tubes short. Bursa round, at anterior of plate. Spermathecae globular, separated by about half length of their diameter. Fertilization ducts located at anterior margin of spermathecae.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F6FD65438626FFDC5AF6F83FDADD27D0" box="[199,656,2004,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="8C93EADA8626FFDC5AF6F83FD92C27D0" bold="true" box="[199,353,2004,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C6F076588626FFDC5B56F83FD9E727D0" box="[359,426,2004,2030]" name="China" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="7C23F82A8626FFDC5B88F83FDAC827D0" box="[441,645,2004,2030]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Shaanxi Province</collectingRegion>
).
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</treatment>
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