305 lines
40 KiB
XML
305 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="4DD451139150E01130466F82DEBE177F" ID-CLB-Dataset="8641" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4912.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8a5efe86-cabc-4981-afb4-163791f2530c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450930" ID-ZooBank="9536C1CF-4AEF-47F8-959B-48CD7A5392D8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611086167060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M., Aryasari, Ratih & De, Nicole J." docDate="2021" docId="361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4912.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4912 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="CA29FFDFFFC5FFA0553CFFA5506ACD15" masterDocTitle="Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1698924900638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="26D6EABC137823009DC9ECDE0E5115F6">Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17B53099E751679AA3E10E66E34C4F85">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9AB5C17EDD1D13CC4546F5A8615BB2A">Aryasari, Ratih</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60338D3C3B462C243BF95DCBA2E6AA37">De, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C18A3283084D99A77A9E3BEBA7C4B35C" type="email">rob.vansoest@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="650ADB4BDD1788FDEC084376C28F3B5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="898DE3EBF850D5357B4DA55808DF641D">
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<mods:date id="233A5BAB877F47E4746039ABFBCBF63E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FF660620AAAC82D8B5382DE8BBF6E61F">4912</mods:number>
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<treatment id="361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132485" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF82FFE755ABFF3252B6CDA4" box="[151,732,151,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF82FFE755ABFF3252B6CDA4" blockId="71.[151,732,151,213]" box="[151,732,151,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="E54E81DDFF82FFE755ABFF3252B6CDA4" bold="true" box="[151,732,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE755ABFF3252B6CDA4" ID-CoL="86X4C" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,732,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
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<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE755ABFF3252B6CDA4" bold="true" box="[151,732,151,178]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE755ABFF32527ACDA7" bold="true" box="[151,528,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF82FFE7572BFF3252B6CDA4" author="Hentschel, E." box="[535,732,151,177]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="293 - 448" refId="ref132412" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85325" type="journal article" year="1912">Hentschel, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF82FFE755ABFF1E5179CDC0" box="[151,275,187,213]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF82FFE755ABFF1E5179CDC0" blockId="71.[151,732,151,213]" box="[151,275,187,213]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<figureCitation id="26822A34FF82FFE755ABFF1E5083CDC0" box="[151,233,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs 47</figureCitation>
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a–h
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF82FFE755ABFEA55295CC23" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF82FFE755ABFEA55292CC02" blockId="71.[151,767,255,310]" box="[151,760,255,280]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9EA9119FFF82FFE755ABFEA55292CC02" box="[151,760,255,280]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitation id="3F1810A0FF82FFE755ABFEA5523ACC0D" author="Hentschel, E." box="[151,592,256,280]" page="340" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE755ABFEA5523ACC0D" ID-CoL="86X4C" authority="Hentschel, 1912: 340" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityPageNumber="340" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,592,256,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa">
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||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE755ABFEA5511ACC0D" box="[151,368,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycale rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF82FFE7544AFEA5523ACC0D" author="Hentschel, E." box="[374,592,256,280]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="293 - 448" refId="ref132412" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85325" type="journal article" year="1912">Hentschel, 1912: 340</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. XIX fig. 16.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF82FFE755ABFEBB5295CC23" blockId="71.[151,767,255,310]" box="[151,767,286,310]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE755ABFEBB51A3CC23" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,457,286,310]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="raphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
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||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE755ABFEBB51A3CC23" box="[151,457,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycale (Carmia) raphidotoxa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF82FFE754EAFEBB5291CC23" author="Carballo, J. L. & Hajdu, E." box="[470,763,286,310]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="205 - 217" refId="ref129190" refString="Carballo, J. L. & Hajdu, E. (2001) Mycale (Aegogropila) kolletae sp. n. from the SE Atlantic, with comments on the species of Mycale Gray with raphidotoxas (Mycalidae, Demospongiae, Porifera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1 8 (Supplement 1), 205 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500016" type="journal article" year="2001">Carballo & Hajdu 2001: 214</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="EAC66639FF82FFE755ABF8B25145CAAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" startId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" targetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" targetPageId="71">
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||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF82FFE755ABF8B25145CAAA" blockId="71.[151,1437,1815,1983]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE755ABF8B25172CA3A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1815,1839]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 47</emphasis>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE75418F8B25361CA25" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[292,779,1815,1840]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
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<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF82FFE75418F8B2520ACA3A" box="[292,608,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF82FFE75759F8B25361CA25" author="Hentschel, E." box="[613,779,1815,1840]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="293 - 448" refId="ref132412" refString="Hentschel, E. (1912) Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 34 (3), 293 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85325" type="journal article" year="1912">Hentschel, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE751ABF8FA5570CA62" authority="II" authorityName="II" box="[1175,1306,1887,1911]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisochela">anisochela II</taxonomicName>
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in back/side view, e1,
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE755CBF8265113CA8E" authority="II" authorityName="II" box="[247,377,1923,1947]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisochela">anisochela II</taxonomicName>
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in front view, f,
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<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF82FFE7571DF82652C1CA8E" authority="III" authorityName="III" box="[545,683,1923,1947]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisochela">anisochela III</taxonomicName>
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(all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855ABFF33544CCC57" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855ABFF33544CCC57" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855ABFF335117CDA5" bold="true" box="[151,381,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<collectingMunicipality id="5E62ACCBFF8DFFE855ABFF335095CDA5" box="[151,255,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Material</collectingMunicipality>
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examined
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE854B3FF3251A6CDA4" box="[399,460,151,177]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
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||
Por. 08838,
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||
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE85759FF3252BFCDA4" box="[613,725,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7C7DF853FF8DFFE857DFFF3253F8CDA4" box="[739,914,151,177]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<location id="BB66606AFF8DFFE8569CFF32546FCDA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818:BB66606AFF8DFFE8569CFF32546FCDA4" box="[928,1029,151,177]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-6.45" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="120.43" municipality="Material" name="Komodo" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Komodo</location>
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||
, north cape,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE851A3FF32556CCDA4" box="[1183,1286,151,177]" degrees="8.4833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="-8.4833">8.4833°S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE8502DFF3355F2CDA4" box="[1297,1432,150,177]" degrees="119.5683" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="119.5683">119.5683°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE855E2FF1E512ECDC0" box="[222,324,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">
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<elevation id="3594D182FF8DFFE855E2FF1E512ECDC0" box="[222,324,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE8546DFF1E51DBCDC0" box="[337,433,187,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
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, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE854C4FF1E5267CDC0" box="[504,525,187,213]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE8572CFF1E52A2CDC0" box="[528,712,187,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
|
||
, Indonesia-Dutch Snellius
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE856C7FF1E5464CDC0" box="[1019,1038,187,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">II</collectionCode>
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||
Expedition stat. 096, field nr. 096/
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||
<specimenCode id="EE1F9ECAFF8DFFE855ABFF7A50B6CDEC" box="[151,220,223,249]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IV/33</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="CA071071FF8DFFE855DBFF7A51A8CDEC" box="[231,450,223,249]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="DA43E999FF8DFFE855DBFF7A51A8CDEC" box="[231,450,223,249]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-19">19 September 1984</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
(dark brown);
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85750FF7A52C3CDEC" box="[620,681,223,249]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
Por. 08937,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE85604FF7A53C2CDEC" box="[824,936,223,249]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7C7DF853FF8DFFE85688FF7A5476CDEC" box="[948,1052,223,249]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, SE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7C7DF853FF8DFFE85173FF7A54DDCDEC" box="[1103,1207,223,249]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE851FFFF7A5520CDEC" box="[1219,1354,223,249]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SW Salayar</collectorName>
|
||
, reef
|
||
<locationDeviation id="AFB42F93FF8DFFE850B4FF7A511CCC08" location="Pulau Bahuluang" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">N of Pulau Bahuluang</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE854BDFEA751A6CC08" box="[385,460,258,285]" degrees="6.45" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="-6.45">6.45°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE854EEFEA65254CC08" box="[466,574,259,285]" degrees="120.43" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="555" value="120.43">120.43°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE857B1FEA7529BCC08" box="[653,753,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3594D182FF8DFFE857B1FEA7529BCC08" box="[653,753,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE857C0FEA65336CC08" box="[764,860,259,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE856A1FEA653D8CC08" box="[925,946,259,285]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE85689FEA65403CC08" box="[949,1129,259,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE8514FFEA655F6CC08" box="[1139,1436,259,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesian-Dutch Snellius</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE855ABFE8250C0CC54" box="[151,170,295,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">II</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE8558DFE825146CC54" box="[177,300,295,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
stat. 169, field nr. 169/
|
||
<specimenCode id="EE1F9ECAFF8DFFE8570CFE83521ECC54" box="[560,628,294,321]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IV/05</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="CA071071FF8DFFE85743FE825333CC54" box="[639,857,295,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="DA43E999FF8DFFE85743FE825333CC54" box="[639,857,295,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984-09-30">30 September 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(blackish brown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855FBFEEF5084C904" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFEEF521DCCC4" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBFEEF513BCC71" bold="true" box="[199,337,330,356]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE8545FFEEE51AFCC70" box="[355,453,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thin veneer covering coralline algae on dead coral, one specimen also on a keratose sponge (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8DFFE855CAFECA5240CC9C" baseAuthorityName="Hentschel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[246,554,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Fascaplysinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855CAFECA5240CC9C" box="[246,554,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fascaplysinopsis reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Size
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85744FECA52A0CC9C" box="[632,714,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in lateral expansion, thickness a few mm. Colors in life reported as dark brown or blackish brown, beige in preservation. Surface in life showing striking venal pattern, but this is retracted in preservation. Consistency soft.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFE7F54C7CF90" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBFE7F5144CCE1" bold="true" box="[199,302,474,500]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE8547CFE7E51CFCCE3" box="[320,421,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Delicate and paucispicular. Thin, wispy megasclere tracts (up to
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85196FE7E549CCCE0" box="[1194,1270,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, 5–7 spicules in cross section) are separately running from the substratum to the surface, where they fan out in brushes of individual spicules. No cross-connecting tracts. Tissue grainy. Microscleres occur throughout the choanosome, but are more common near the surface. Bundles of raphidotoxas are not common, most are scattered individually.A few rosettes of anisochelae I were noted, but likewise most anisochelae are scattered individually.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFD2B55EACFBC" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,1408,654,682]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBFD2B5143CFBD" bold="true" box="[199,297,654,680]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85404FD2A51E4CFBF" box="[312,398,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
c–h). Mycalostyles, three categories of anisochelae, one category of sigmas, raphidotoxas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFD16550FCFD8" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,1381,690,717]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Mycalostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85450FD16518DCFD8" box="[364,487,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47c, c</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE854DAFD16519BCFD8" box="[486,497,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, with barely developed elongate heads, 199–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE85111FD175406CFD9" box="[1069,1132,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">209.6</emphasis>
|
||
–224 x 1.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE851CDFD17557ECFD9" box="[1265,1300,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">2.6</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85018FD16550ACFD8" box="[1316,1376,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFD725225CE00" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Anisochelae I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85453FD7251BACFE7" box="[367,464,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47d</figureCitation>
|
||
), well-developed, free part of the shaft 35–40% of spicule length, with slightly outcurving upper median alae, 31–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE854FBFD5F5192CE01" box="[455,504,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">36.7</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8573BFD5E5225CE00" box="[519,591,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFCBA5294CE48" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Anisochelae II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85442FCBA5191CE2C" box="[382,507,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 47e,e</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE854C7FCBA526FCE2C" box="[507,517,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1</figureCitation>
|
||
), generally similar to anisochelae I but with upper median alae parallel to shaft, with distinct lip on median lower alae, 17–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE8574AFCE652CDCE48" box="[630,679,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">21.2</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8578AFCE65294CE48" box="[694,766,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 µm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFCC250AECEB0" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Anisochelae III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE854BAFCC2518CCE97" box="[390,486,871,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47f</figureCitation>
|
||
), rather reduced but with median upper and lower alae well-developed, 12–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE8507DFCC25518CE94" box="[1345,1394,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">14.1</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE850BEFCC350AACEB0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFC0A5381CEDC" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,1003,942,969]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Sigma I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85412FC0A51FBCEDC" box="[302,401,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8545FFC0A51FBCEDC" box="[355,401,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="g" value="47.0">47g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), robust, narrow-shaped, 76–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE857EAFC0B536DCEDD" box="[726,775,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">92.6</emphasis>
|
||
–104 x 3–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE8564BFC0A53F0CEDC" box="[887,922,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">4.4</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85696FC0B538CCEDC" box="[938,998,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFC765084C904" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Raphidotoxas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE8544DFC7651B3CEFB" box="[369,473,979,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-44@71.[151,1435,334,1791]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 47h</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, curved irregularly but occasionally symmetrically toxiform, 124–
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE85033FC765524CEF8" box="[1295,1358,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">188.0</emphasis>
|
||
–241 x
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE855ABFC535080C904" box="[151,234,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855FBFBBF5336C920" box="[199,860,1050,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFBBF5336C920" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[199,860,1050,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBFBBF5184C920" bold="true" box="[199,494,1050,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE854C7FBBE5201C920" box="[507,619,1051,1077]" name="Indonesia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, reef slope,
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE857CEFBBE5332C920" box="[754,856,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
10–
|
||
<specimenCount id="A8BFFD38FF8DFFE85621FBBE5332C920" box="[797,856,1051,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="generic">17 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855FBFB9A5549C818" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBFB9A5549C818" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBFB9A515EC94C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1087,1113]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. There are two differences between our specimens and Hentschel’s description (which was confirmed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF8DFFE85589FBC651AFC968" author="Carballo, J. L. & Hajdu, E." box="[181,453,1123,1149]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="205 - 217" refId="ref129190" refString="Carballo, J. L. & Hajdu, E. (2001) Mycale (Aegogropila) kolletae sp. n. from the SE Atlantic, with comments on the species of Mycale Gray with raphidotoxas (Mycalidae, Demospongiae, Porifera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1 8 (Supplement 1), 205 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752001000500016" type="journal article" year="2001">Carballo & Hajdu 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): the mycalostyles of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="61028813FF8DFFE857DBFBC6537DC968" box="[743,791,1123,1149]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
apparently were longer and thicker (304–392 x
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85007FBC755FEC968" box="[1339,1428,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and its chelae were only distinguished in two size categories (
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85677FB2353AAC9B4" box="[843,960,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="39.0">39–45 µm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE856CAFB225404C9B4" box="[1014,1134,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 µm</quantity>
|
||
). The latter difference may be explained by the similarity in shape of the smaller chelae categories, which may have caused Hentschel to consider them a single variable category. The difference in mycalostyle size is here explained as intraspecific variation, but it might indicate interspecific diversity. See also below for further indication of the latter possibility.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |