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<mods:title id="938E89CF40FD95FEA839DE1B9F0B797F">A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346CFBEF38FE8B8D18" bold="true" box="[151,324,1063,1089]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
Group
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346C9DEF38FE8B8D18" bold="true" box="[241,324,1063,1089]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">reichei</emphasis>
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The species herein included in the group
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<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346EECEF6CFD1F8DD5" box="[640,720,1139,1164]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">reichei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have commonly been recognized as members of the controversial genus
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346D54EF84FE1E8DED" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[312,465,1179,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Phrynosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346D54EF84FE1E8DED" box="[312,465,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phrynosaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346D8CEF85FDB28DED" author="Werner" box="[480,637,1178,1204]" firstAuthor="Werner" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref74444" refString="Werner, F. (1907) In: Burger, O. (Ed.), Estudios sobre reptiles chilenos. Anales Universidad de Chile, 121, 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="1907">Werner 1907</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346EE5EF85FC428DED" author="Donoso-Barros" box="[649,909,1178,1204]" firstAuthor="Donoso-Barros" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref57808" refString="Donoso-Barros, R. (1966 a) Reptiles de Chile. Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 458 pp." type="book" year="1966" yearSuffix="a">Donoso-Barros 1966a</bibRefCitation>
, b,
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346FDBEF85FC3A8DED" author="Donoso-Barros, R." box="[951,1013,1178,1204]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref58174" refString="Donoso-Barros, R. (1972) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Ctenoblepharis Tschudi y Phrynosaura Werner (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 44, 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C6134686DEF85FACE8DED" author="Nunez &amp; Jaksic" box="[1025,1281,1178,1204]" firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="63 - 91" refId="ref67479" refString="Nunez, H. &amp; Jaksic, F. M. (1992) Lista comentada de los reptiles terrestres de Chile continental. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 43, 63 - 91." type="journal article" year="1992">Núñez &amp; Jaksic 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346961EF85FF198D85" author="Nunez" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref67598" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J., Garin, C., Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; V. Meriggio, D. (2003) Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi, nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 52, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">
Núñez
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C6134690DEF84FA538DED" box="[1377,1436,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). Over the last century, many authors have suggested that clear patterns of differentiation in osteological and cytogenetical traits observed exclusively in
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346EA7EFF4FC478C5D" authorityName="Etheridge" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Nunez &amp; Yanez" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[715,904,1259,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="audituvelatus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346EA7EFF4FC478C5D" box="[715,904,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. audituvelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346FFBEFF4FBE38C5D" box="[919,1068,1259,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erroneous">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346FFBEFF4FBE38C5D" box="[919,1068,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. erroneous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346857EFF4FB778C5D" box="[1083,1208,1259,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manueli">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346857EFF4FB778C5D" box="[1083,1208,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. manueli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C613468ABEFF4FA5B8C5D" authorityName="Valladares" authorityYear="2004" box="[1223,1428,1259,1284]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poconchilensis">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C613468ABEFF4FA5B8C5D" box="[1223,1428,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. poconchilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346CFBEE0CFEC98C75" authorityName="Valladares et al." authorityYear="2002" box="[151,262,1299,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346CFBEE0CFEC98C75" box="[151,262,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. reichei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346D2CEE0CFE638C75" baseAuthorityName="Nunez, Navarro, Garin, Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Meriggio" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[320,428,1299,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346D2CEE0CFE638C75" box="[320,428,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. torresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would support the hypothesis that these species represent a discrete evolutionary line (
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346CCDEE24FF058C0D" box="[161,202,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346CBFEE25FE698C0D" author="Nunez" box="[211,422,1338,1364]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref67716" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J., Sufan, J. &amp; Galaz, J. L. (1998) Distribucion geografica de Phrynosaura (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Noticiario Mensual Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 334, 11 - 14." type="journal article" year="1998">
Núñez
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346D4BEE24FEAD8C0D" box="[295,354,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346DDFEE25FE3D8C0D" author="Nunez, H. &amp; Navarro, J. &amp; Garin, C. &amp; Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; Meriggio, D." box="[435,498,1338,1364]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref67598" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J., Garin, C., Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; V. Meriggio, D. (2003) Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi, nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 52, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
). Yet, on the other hand, some studies conclude that these traits may not be sufficient evidence to separate this still hypothetical group of species from the
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346834EE7CFB1D8C25" authorityName=", Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" authorityYear="2005" box="[1112,1234,1379,1404]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346834EE7CFB1D8C25" box="[1112,1234,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus (
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346955EE7DFE9F8CFD" author="Frost &amp; Etheridge" firstAuthor="Frost" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref59836" refString="Frost, D. R. &amp; Etheridge, R. (1989) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas Museum Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications, 81, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1989">Frost &amp; Etheridge 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346D32EE95FDD78CFD" author="Etheridge" box="[350,536,1418,1444]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridge 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346E4AEE95FCBB8CFD" author="Etheridge &amp; Espinoza" box="[550,884,1418,1444]" firstAuthor="Etheridge" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref59521" refString="Etheridge, R &amp; Espinoza, R. E. (2000) Taxonomy of the Liolaeminae (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) and a semiannotated bibliography. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 126, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2000">Etheridge &amp; Espinoza 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346FEEEE95FB8B8CFD" author="Valladares" box="[898,1092,1418,1444]" firstAuthor="Valladares" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref73450" refString="Valladares, J. P. (2004) Nueva especie de lagarto del genero Liolaemus (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) del norte de Chile, previamente confundido con Liolaemus (= Phrynosaura) reichei. Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 18, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2004">Valladares 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Recent molecular phylogenies have contributed to clarify in part this problem. This research reveals that at least the two “
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C6134689AEEACFA408C95" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[1270,1423,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Phrynosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C6134689AEEACFA408C95" box="[1270,1423,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phrynosaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” species analysed phylogenetically so far, are nested within
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346F37EEC4FC1A8CAD" authorityName=", Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" authorityYear="2005" box="[859,981,1499,1524]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346F37EEC4FC1A8CAD" box="[859,981,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346F8AEEC5FB3F8CAD" author="Valladares" box="[998,1264,1498,1524]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Valladares" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="473 - 489" refId="ref73496" refString="Valladares, J. P., Etheridge, R., Schulte II, J. A., Manriquez, G. &amp; Spotorno, A. (2002). Nueva especie de lagartija del norte de Chile, Liolaemus molinai (Reptilia: Liolaeminae). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 75, 473 - 489." type="journal article" year="2002">
Valladares
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346800EEC4FB678CAD" box="[1132,1192,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346892EEC5FF188F45" author="Schulte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schulte" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="408 - 420" refId="ref71740" refString="Schulte II, J. A., Losos, J. B., Cruz, F. B. &amp; Nunez, H. (2004) The relationship between morphology, escape behaviour and microhabitat occupation in the lizard clade Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae: Liolaemini). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 17, 408 - 420." type="journal article" year="2004">
Schulte
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346933EEC4FA538CAD" box="[1375,1436,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, these findings appear to support
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346E92ED1DFB8C8F45" author="Frost &amp; Etheridge's" box="[766,1091,1538,1564]" firstAuthor="Frost" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref59836" refString="Frost, D. R. &amp; Etheridge, R. (1989) A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas Museum Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications, 81, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1989">Frost &amp; Etheridges (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C613468EFED1DFAAE8F45" author="Etheridge's" box="[1155,1377,1538,1564]" firstAuthor="Etheridge's" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref59230" refString="Etheridge, R. (1995) Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum Novitates, 3142, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1995">Etheridges (1995)</bibRefCitation>
proposal that
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346D7CED34FE668F1D" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[272,425,1579,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Phrynosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346D7CED34FE668F1D" box="[272,425,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phrynosaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of the genus
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346E86ED34FCAB8F1D" authorityName=", Pincheira-Donoso &amp; Nunez" authorityYear="2005" box="[746,868,1579,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346E86ED34FCAB8F1D" box="[746,868,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Liolaemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, it still remains unknown whether the currently six species assigned to
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346E2DED4CFD158F35" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[577,730,1619,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Phrynosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346E2DED4CFD158F35" box="[577,730,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Phrynosaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or alternatively to the group
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346854ED4CFB478F35" authorityName="Valladares et al." authorityYear="2002" box="[1080,1160,1619,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346854ED4CFB478F35" box="[1080,1160,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">reichei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C613468A8ED4DFA588F35" author="Nunez" box="[1220,1431,1618,1644]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref67598" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J., Garin, C., Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; V. Meriggio, D. (2003) Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi, nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 52, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">
Núñez
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346974ED4CFA9D8F35" box="[1304,1362,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346CFBED65FE988FCD" author="Valladares" box="[151,343,1658,1684]" firstAuthor="Valladares" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref73450" refString="Valladares, J. P. (2004) Nueva especie de lagarto del genero Liolaemus (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) del norte de Chile, previamente confundido con Liolaemus (= Phrynosaura) reichei. Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 18, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2004">Valladares 2004</bibRefCitation>
) actually form a monophyletic clade within this genus (phylogenetic evidence suggest that these species are members of the series
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346E00EDBCFD0A8FE5" authorityName="Pincheira-Donoso" authorityYear="2005" box="[620,709,1699,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signifer">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346E00EDBCFD0A8FE5" box="[620,709,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">signifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see above). Since the anatomical and cytogenetical evidence reported in previous papers suggests that these six species would be closely related taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C613468DAEDD5FA418FBD" author="Nunez" box="[1206,1422,1738,1764]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunez" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="67 - 88" refId="ref67598" refString="Nunez, H., Navarro, J., Garin, C., Pincheira-Donoso, D. &amp; V. Meriggio, D. (2003) Phrynosaura manueli y Phrynosaura torresi, nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile (Squamata: Sauria). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, 52, 67 - 88." type="journal article" year="2003">
Núñez
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346960EDD4FA878FBD" box="[1292,1352,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
), we include them into the group
<taxonomicName id="7BB630F1FF9C61346E4AEDECFDB98E55" authorityName="Valladares et al." authorityYear="2002" box="[550,630,1779,1804]" class="Reptilia" family="Liolaemidae" genus="Liolaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346E4AEDECFDB98E55" box="[550,630,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">reichei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="8EC29760FF9C61346EE0EDECFD798E55" box="[652,694,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D8273683FF9C61346EAEEDEDFC488E55" author="Valladares" box="[706,903,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Valladares" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref73450" refString="Valladares, J. P. (2004) Nueva especie de lagarto del genero Liolaemus (Reptilia: Liolaemidae) del norte de Chile, previamente confundido con Liolaemus (= Phrynosaura) reichei. Cuadernos de Herpetologia, 18, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2004">Valladares 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However, further phylogenetic studies are needed to test the validity of this classification criterion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>