648 lines
92 KiB
XML
648 lines
92 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="16E33A9EE7AB4242ADF25270EC956364">A revision of the genus Chlorocryptus Cameron (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with the first record of the genus from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18808D1F482AF1BB8CE0A191EA8B7B60">Matsumoto, Rikio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="33BD8F97A9C73F8A6DD6FECAA81E8629" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127897302" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33BD8F97A9C73F8A6DD6FECAA81E8629" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33BD8F97A9C73F8A6DD6FECAA81E8629" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="50F0B08C7730E4425CC62B9908491721" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3CB4B17B45EDA4E22D72712D81E4E500" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="488059972587CD4791B470A6AC4E8C8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="146E874D35CBE42DB7663DC4A9A1C010" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="9345C0D5103B4E07BE6D4F3D3091870C" ID-CoL="5Y9T2" authority="Smith" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus (Smith)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 2-12, 22-25, 28-35, 39-42, 43-47, 48-53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D277AEFFA2F7DD012B18D6DAA8CB79A5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="500C0E365B9889F2C0A0B043D94F1E77" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="6C79E3287D6B51710E62527298170CAD" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1852: 33. Holotype: ♀, China, Hong-Kong (BMNH), mentioned
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<normalizedToken id="A5ABBB73CDB57BF99E2C7D3F6519B4E6" originalValue="“Ning-po-foo”">"Ning-po-foo"</normalizedToken>
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in original description [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E191FB23B0398D50E5154ED62D21447E" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="0BC1EFE825E66AD88E79B5AA4E1196D7" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">Chlorocryptus metallicus</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1903: 35. Holotype: ♀, India, Khasia Hill (BMNH) [examined]. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="C52A10EAE37359F4553A2F24EBF1DCA1" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F75728B2C0FEC46BD511C3735DAFB36F" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="3E45A0ACFB108F8AE7EC8C6205C3BD38" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">Chlorocryptus coeruleus</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1903: 36. Holotype: ♀, India, Khasia Hill (Oxford University Museum, UK). Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7E0134037FA754823985641BBB4D3F" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F6A4F4F2218AB41B281E14DC25E53F32" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="E06D473F78AAA67DBA57909D75526606" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus reticulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Chlorocryptus reticulatus</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1907: 84. Holotype: ♂, India, Sikkim (BMNH) [examined]. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="3C340AE11CA4D33AA15FBF3CF6EF8052" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="52F9C788F39528F2419D6EAEE6C13681" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8009B75EF107C95BD787AC2DFF730C8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="E871BD67733E4FF47D85C6F3BCEC1F7F" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax cyaneus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Cryptaulax cyaneus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="F23E8E27C695D319AE456D74F2AC0659" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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, 1916: 286. Lectotype: ♀, India, Sikkim (HNHM) designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="98339B6A1286BA19909584063DA0AC2D" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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[examined]. Synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="CB057ADA53BA2438807845065DCF172B" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="3DB7033BDD57C0B7D4847934B52F7CC1" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78F74676A6DCD9EF1885E08789BACFDC" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="14FFC2407333F2129B70154CE8AEB68C" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="0581392D688F370E3FD7B9FD5BA1D023" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1916: 287. Lectotype: ♀, designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="53589AB80B3658D2B3ADEA9732F73E75" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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, Celebes, Patunuang (HNHM) [examined]. New synonym.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0419E0872CC454EEC036FBAF5D07DAE2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="326647DB434025B23D11FA7E09B5942E" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Neobodonidae" genus="Cryptaulaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Cryptaulaxoides purpuratus" order="Bodonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptaulaxoides purpuratus</taxonomicName>
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(Smith):
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<bibRefCitation id="CDF6EDC9E0C572D9F466096FB1FA68B2" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Botany and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="259 - 264" volume="8" year="1940">Uchida 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 121.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B050BE824F009BDB1489CE509829E00D" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="78902421F5DAFC2EF05DA2341C98E415" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Neobodonidae" genus="Cryptaulaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Cryptaulaxoides metallicus" order="Bodonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulaxoides metallicus</taxonomicName>
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(Cameron):
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<bibRefCitation id="1D84C101A40D2190431686401E64E7BA" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Botany and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="259 - 264" volume="8" year="1940">Uchida 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 121.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="92A3BCF74A44C0F33D26B3E325A38727" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="FC3274367F06E38E36788CE9A6931C71" genus="Cochlidionostenus" lsidName="Cochlidionostenus purpuratus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cochlidionostenus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
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(Smith): Townes 1957: 104.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C182B35AD9783B100BE31E4A8BA4AE0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="EDCE7F4C207C3736CEC65D49B5D7C179" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus fuscipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">Chlorocryptus fuscipennis</taxonomicName>
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Townes et al., 1961: 142. Replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="67181CD5503B3996EB24AAA18D963D9F" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="1E6EDB37C4CE95FFAC5AB4C800A4E520" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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, 1916.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A738B0BFFD3019CAC722FB26407FA8B5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="F7DC05BD85315BD44BE86F167ABB7B9C" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
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||
(Smith):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="754A1DF6E69C13EEB2D256E1799B1871" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 142.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C6094E70B81A829A74E1140899D967E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
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<taxonomicName id="435F2D00C77D1F539EAE7291F0CD713C" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Neodontocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodontocryptus hyalina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">Neodontocryptus hyalina</taxonomicName>
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Saxena, 1978: 216. Holotype: ♀, India, Manipur, Kanchipur (depository unknown; see
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<normalizedToken id="020D60521067BA28FB540DCC61A59462" originalValue="“Remarks”">"Remarks"</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Synonymized with
|
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<taxonomicName id="0CE9C89B11148176B5B3594B507C55D3" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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<bibRefCitation id="C4CF09A0FF6B0DB9E72F87E1E79E98A0" author="Gupta, VK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="598 - 1210" title="The Ichneumonidae of the Indo-Australian area (Hymenoptera)." volume="41" year="1987">Gupta (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A5033CDE85A3E50B7BF880F874EB6DC2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="references">
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||
<paragraph id="3C0B94735FDA0FF7DA32DB658A35C54F" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07285549F34C8D2BC4CBC34655C9FCC4" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Gonggrijp 1931: 8 (noted as parasitoid of
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<taxonomicName id="6593A32F506994D87B0600C070154AFC" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea asigna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asigna">Thosea asigna</taxonomicName>
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||
, photo);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5374C66EFB185F5EB4C2E05836CB41A1" author="Kellogg, CR" journalOrPublisher="Fukien Christian University Science Journal" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="119 - 124" title="A list of insects not heretofore recorded from Fukien Province, China." volume="1" year="1938">Kellogg 1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 123 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B818B57F0EEEE9ACF4C1D60C7DA29D4D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus reticulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">reticulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A481A419F45959ADDFCB737FEC6DF90" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Botany and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="259 - 264" volume="8" year="1940">Uchida 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 121 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3F1EEA328FF37A315057CC9BC3203BA" genus="Chryptaulaxoides" lsidName="Chryptaulaxoides purpuratus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chryptaulaxoides purpuratus</taxonomicName>
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||
, record), 122 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D332649BAEB26B144F2708BDD01B8CC2" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Neobodonidae" genus="Cryptaulaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Cryptaulaxoides metallicus" order="Bodonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulaxoides metallicus</taxonomicName>
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, in key);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F8A84710549427D7A8F8E04517DE6B92" author="Wu, F Chen-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Department of Biology, Yenching University, Peiping" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" title="Catalogus Insectorum Sinensium" year="1941">Wu 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E7D9BEE2FFA2F626E3CD134DFFE32E0" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5B0423DB9B9D7E61ACE8A3A88C2B04A" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 58" title="Ichneumonologische Ergebnisse der japanischen wissenschaftlichen Shansi-Provinz, China-Expedition im Jahre 1952." volume="24" year="1952">Uchida 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 48 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9E99FE92DABF0CFF4C54B6484D9ABE1" class="Kinetoplastea" family="Neobodonidae" genus="Cryptaulaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Cryptaulaxoides purpuratus" order="Bodonida" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Euglenozoa" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptaulaxoides purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, record);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="651DDBABA6BD8DDC28B7F7EC804224EF" author="Narayanan, ES" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 264" title="Studies on Indian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) Subfamily: Gelinae, Part III. Tribe Mesostenini." volume="54" year="1961">Narayanan and Lal 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 257 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AFD0E45156E89230BFF6E45469F55E5" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed), 257 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39D631BBCB361E27E7583E570A78127C" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed) 258 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A4A6007374B4EE8801772450604AC74" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus reticulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">reticulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="763D57DAC86C6F4A601E55B3D82A937B" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 141 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA86455F43A741CE8B07E34E0A3F199" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued), 142 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C67695728134A85E9585A6564C8DEBA0" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus fuscipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipennis">fuscipennis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued), 142 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64F33E6C235F93291A69FE594411FA81" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued), 142 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60A482375393C8F16CD1EA35F28AFAD8" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="217F66F9163D9824EE07BBD711B467A1" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 661" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae." volume="5" year="1965">Townes et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 167 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D05A395CD80EBA4C3B2BD4568D8D9F2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued), 168 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20A48E562D0DF58F2149E87B6BC40871" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, catalogued);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F1605EC80D1AC332619BCEC732FDF5C2" author="Chao, Hsiu-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="An outline of the classification of the Ichneumon-flies of China (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="1976">Chao 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 266 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CE6BF71DED0EC3A163D033211EB9ED7" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution), 267 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F6E45340ACA1A765BF417C4577A6A8B" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, listed, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="700A50705E88678E7E3F94A40EDF46F7" author="Chu, Joo-Tso" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing, China" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="32 - 49" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Atlas of Natural Enemies of Economic Insects" year="1978">Chu et al. 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 40 (description, figure, host, parasitism, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0A5FD5DA1CE0C57F91473C5F8CCC42D" author="Tiong, RHC" journalOrPublisher="Planter" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="279 - 289" title="Some predators and parasites of Mahasenacorbetii (Tams) and Thoseaasigna (Moore) in Sarawak." volume="55" year="1979">Tiong 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 282 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28C83D98679042091EF6D6DBB9D4A1F4" authority="sp." class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">Chlorocryptus sp. nr. coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noted as parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE7FDE8C17A74ACDFB1DDB8D62272200" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thosea asigna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asigna">Thosea asigna</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="429B684B25B699A21D8B5CB5B7EEBCA8" author="Yang, Xiu-Yuan" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Forestry Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" title="A check list of the forest insects of China." year="1981">Yang and Wu 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 303 (listed);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="30E0D0086F9A9D727E0A4A67DD0B90C5" author="Tiong, RHC" editor="Pushparajah, E" journalOrPublisher="Incorporated Society of Planters, Kuala Lumpur" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="529 - 542" title="Study of some aspects of biology and control of Thoseaasigna (Moore)." volumeTitle="The oil palm in agriculture in the eighties: A report of the Proceedings of the International Conference on Oil Palm in Agriculture in the Eighties" year="1982">Tiong 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 535 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9225B667B86079B8851BA04D31F29165" authority="sp." class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">Chlorocryptus sp. nr. coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noted);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43FC7500F2546D759A4214A55FAFD7CB" author="Zhang, Yao-Zhang" journalOrPublisher="Forest Pest and Disease" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 23" volume="1983" year="1983">Zhang 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21 (diagnosis, host, biology);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC2962589513B833AADB74D05CDCE666" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25 (biological notes);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3F3E6E968F2F9D1958D91313ACA1DAE" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="367 - 400" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Agriculture Insects of China" year="1987">He and Wang 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 379 (description, host, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6952168AD2F5D0BBEAD850B3981E4206" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Fu-Sheng" journalOrPublisher="Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="1317 - 1336" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Forest Insects of Yunnan" year="1987">Wang and Li 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1326 (in key, host, distribution, records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3EF89CEA2AC8E3A53AF0241D88395B5C" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 130 (diagnosis, figure of fore wing, distribution, hosts, biology);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B647D38F44E307EC4A3739B9F387593" author="Dang, Xin-De" editor="Dang, Xin-De" journalOrPublisher="Tian Ze Publishing, Shaanxi" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 25" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="A parasitic wasp atlas of forest pests" year="1990">Dang et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12 (description, figure, hosts, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66C94EC4E14D338DD988B3B0347F8B98" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Peng, Jian-Wen" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science Publisher, Changsha" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1211 - 1249" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China" year="1992">He et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1224 (description, figure, hosts, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44CD1B8CC81E5BC9F484E6A4A8E3B23C" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="533 - 543" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Fauna of Shandong Forest Insect" year="1993">He and Tian 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 536 (description, figure, hosts, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A71B45C4FC868167BFA98F63BD59D7B2" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Fu-Sheng" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="643 - 654" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China" year="1993">Wang and Yao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 645 (records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5C31951B790539486645ACF474BACC8" author="Chen, Yi-Jin" journalOrPublisher="China Science and Technology Press, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" year="1993">Chen 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 138 (noted, figure);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA7AEE327B85F266D0FD048ACF728CD7" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae. Economic Insect Fauna of China." year="1996">He et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 511 (description, figure, hosts, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B9F00E5A0F72A0926713C2DE84A795C" author="Mariau, D" journalOrPublisher="Plantations, Recherche, Developpement" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="149 - 160" title="Les Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) du palmier a huile et du cocotier. Especes nuisibles et ennemis naturels." url="http://publications.cirad.fr/une_notice.php?dk=392331" volume="6" year="1999">Mariau 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150 (table 1), 153 (listed and noted as a parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B42065B879DD041331998FFD491F7E56" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on palms);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FED086CC0220A45B861B2CC6221B54EE" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Wu, Hong" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="710 - 723" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Insects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve" year="2001">He et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 721 (records);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C244E22E98D67EA199A9C14383217C6" author="Lin, Kwei-Shui" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 2820" title="A list of natural enemies of insect pests. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute." url="http://ir.tari.gov.tw:8080/handle/345210000/5095" volume="104" year="2003">Lin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 939 (catalogued);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D0AFF11BA557169D48BF3FC5B83F4B18" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Bang-Kan" journalOrPublisher="Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="273 - 277" title="Mesosteninae." volumeTitle="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" year="2003">Wang 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 274 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A350CA8147ED389061BA5C8A953B1EDE" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, description, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1508ECF79ABE6B163DBF62548D5513" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Hymenopteran insect fauna of Zhejiang." year="2004">He et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 514 (description, figure, hosts, records, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C59617AE10FB22DCBF293E262154BD51" author="Jonathan, JK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Ichneumonologia Indica (Part I): An Identification Manual on Subfamily Mesosteninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="2006">Jonathan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 191 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34BA9637244E5CC7DC98AE74C0CBB33E" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, description, figures, records, distribution), 192 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99C2624479C6945E5718E2A40AA26952" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, diagnosis, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B446AAE4A1BE72E74882820DCBFFF529" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" year="2006">He and Chen 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 111 (description, figures, biology, hosts, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91ABEF12AD8160EC74B0FD31AB7E090" author="Ding, Dong-Sun" journalOrPublisher="Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="25 - 30" title="Resources of Ichneumonidae insects from Jiangxi Province." volume="2009" year="2009">Ding et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27 (record, hosts);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B54A3C946E68F9F8CA91B2AB04E664A" author="Sheng, Mao-Ling" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" title="Insect Fauna of Henan. Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." year="2009">Sheng and Sun 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 70 (description, photo, hosts, records, distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5FA4DFC39D331AE6FDCDFC658BA38AD" author="Sheng, Mao-Ling" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" title="Ichneumonid Fauna of Jiangxi (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="2013">Sheng et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 139 (description, photo, hosts, records, distribution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE425B6B1CE014CF660E7CFFC1B44EB9" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="type specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="515D62C35E29A01A626799A4172A6C13" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Type specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="060F5CF46D3B565CA072EC47DB44E0BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F248D9101C99D8795DAACFF06FAD565" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Cryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith: ♀, "56 113, Hong Kong", BMNH (ID 3b-572). Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B38ED05A81B69053B8341C92584BD996" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus reticulatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Chlorocryptus reticulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron: ♂,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B27BDB247D090727D3C799B7F671191A" originalValue="“Sikkim”">"Sikkim"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, BMNH (ID 3b-2013). Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5781C5A1BB01D1CE1EBABC1A86627DCC" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax cyaneus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Cryptaulax cyaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2CA313FECADBEB8E0DD05BC73BE19B4E" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
: ♂, "India, Sikkim, ex coll. Fruhstorfer", HNHM (ID 115215). Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B83E93BAB42541689968EB9F7DF9EFAE" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81C1D73478695719C0FDDCAE06127CAE" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
: ♀, "S.-Celebes, Patunuang, Jan. 1896, H. Fruhstorfer", HNHM (ID 115222). One of the paralectotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AF535E7AEA07BD7810C70328C4F7044" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="62053020A24D55AC0CA5919495C49685" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
: ♀ same data as the lectotype, SEHU (Uchida collection).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EC39969589C4B0975CF719973E123DC7" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="additional specimens">
|
||
<paragraph id="510211830BDCB72B6424E770759CF543" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Additional specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C15C4AB70078FD48536CACB307C3C32" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Japan. Yamadaike Park, Hirakata, Osaka Pref., 1 ♀, 6.viii.2011, Y. Mori, OMNH. Isoshima, Hirakata, Osaka Pref.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0050DC511E39ED61B3C9757D0F4FAA69" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.82683">34.82683°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CB58667634908F523D43F9BB96440BB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="135.645">135.6450°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, R. Matsumoto, OMNH: 1 ♂, 18.x.2010; 1 ♀, 29.x.2010; 1 ♀, 8.xi.2010; 1 ♀, 3.x.2010; 3 ♀, 2 ♂, 24.ix.2011; 1 ♀, emerged from a cocoon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D9D7A9583768FC62509F17B1E9291FC" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker collected on 15.i.2013, emerged in iii.2013. Offspring of females collected at Isoshima, bred on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCECA3BBB8259D6ECA5241C9241605BB" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, OMNH: 1 ♂, laid on 1.xi.2010, emerged on 20.xii.2010; 1 ♂, laid on 4.xi.2010, emerged on 22.xii.2010; 1 ♂, laid on 10.xi.2010, emerged on 24.xii.2010; 1 ♂, laid on 9.xi.2010, emerged on 28.xii.2010; 1 ♂, laid on 4.xi.2010, emerged on 6.i.2011. Oka, Hirakata, Osaka Pref.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9698D20C2A0F83EDE8D325CA51FF9CF3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.8178">34.8178°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4D70A553F727391C8E2ABF0D4285177" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="135.6415">135.6415°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, R. Matsumoto, OMNH: 1 ♂, 28.ix.2011; 1 ♀, 16 ♂, 24.ix.2011 [1 ♂ for DNA extraction: DNA-ICH-002]. Tawaraguchicho, Ikoma, Nara Pref.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="91EF5CA243C7F58C5D482AD7D39A6487" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.7027">34.7027°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB6C52B5E5FAEC88C82E52ABA8CB00D8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="135.6795">135.6795°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 ♀, 19.viii.2012, R. Matsumoto, OMNH. Hitakatsu, Tsusima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 1 ♂, emerged from a cocoon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23BB8E7EE64290A937B5041BCCFAA182" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Monema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monema flavescens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">Monema flavescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker collected on 28.iii.2013, emerged in iv.2013, K. Sasaki, OMNH. China. Wutaihsien, Shanxi Prov., 1 ♀, 12.viii. SEHU. Chinkiang, Kiangsu [= Jiangsu Prov.], 1 ♀, 12.xi.1918, O. Piel, SEHU. Tchefou [= Yantai] Shandong Prov., 1 ♀, MNHN (coll. de Gaulle). Ningpo, Zhejiang Prov.: 3 ♀, P. Buch, 1924, MHNM; 2 ♀, MNHN (coll. de Gaulle). Moupin, Sichuan Prov., 1 ♀, 1899, Chasseurs
|
||
<normalizedToken id="600A498DBF07215007C8C9107518698D" originalValue="indigènes">indigenes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, MNHN (coll.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5DBC08B6F673C2EBD349F0A5A0D3C8DD" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Nepal. Balaju, Kathmandu, 1 ♀, 11.ix.1987, H. Takizawa, SEHU. Vietnam. Chu Yang Sin National Park, 12°27′13.74″N/108°20′21.75″E, Krong Bong District, Dak Lak Province, 1 ♂, 12.iii.2013, K. Konishi. Cuc Phuong, Ha Son Binh Prov. (SEHU): 1 ♂, 28.iv.1996, Y. Okushima, OMNH; 1 ♂, 200-300m alt., 24.iv.1998, R. Matsumoto, OMNH. Ba Be National Park, Ba Be, 200m alt.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3D1F4EC973C76A037CA179E10099C5E3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="22.23">22.23°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C5366E912C037A6055F2BD98DC790CEE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="105.37">105.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, R. Matsumoto, OMNH: 1 ♂, 4.v.2006; 1 ♂, 1.v.2006. Malaysia. Klapa Bali, 3 ♀, 3 ♂, 10.vi.1949, MNHN. Klapa Bali, "ds cage de Setora nitens",
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA3C5A39C6F5A5F43BA3AF380EEC7D77" originalValue="“VI–VII">"VI-VII</normalizedToken>
|
||
1949", P.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E72347A4170A828B07BB69CE74F85643" originalValue="Vayssuère">Vayssuere</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 11 ♀, 5 ♂, 10.vi.1949; 2 ♀, 1 ♂, 11.vi.1949. Indonesia. Semarang, Java, 1 ♀, E. Jacobson, 1906, MNHN. Malang, Java, 1 ♀, MNHN. Gunung Lompobattang, 1250-1350m, South Sulawesi, 1 ♀, 16.xii.2010, K. Takasuka, OMNH. Unknown locality. 2 ♂,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="276CD5F98C7518D9EA8BE5182FFB67F0" originalValue="“Sina”">"Sina"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, MNHN (coll. Sichel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F12EEF55850537C0E76D4D755322F083" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="immature stage">
|
||
<paragraph id="34677A98DF9318D1DF5C0A322DC24359" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Immature stage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4D95645ABF4B67E12EFA15EFDF6C758" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Fifth instar larva. 1 ex. Isoshima, Hirakata, Osaka Pref., in cocoon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1965B09A3C4B155772468A96B7DAF7F2" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, 24.ii.2012, R. Matsumoto [OMNH; DNA extraction: DNA-ICH-001].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="631E65FF0EF31EE2A6892C25D727ADD9" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D485D381A891049C2FAA6D0A6C00101B" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1D00B836075928252597D1015599DB5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Punctation on head finer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3731AE4AD37FBF5DE3DB1AC393C856FE" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Temple flat and narrower, occupying 0.2-0.3 of length of head in dorsal view (Fig. 4). Face with transverse rugae in addition to punctures (Figs 2, 5). Clypeus with median obtuse tubercle on apical margin (Fig. 3). Mandibular teeth acute (Fig. 6). Female flagellum without white annulus and with apical third of flagellum ventrally distinctly flattened and widened (Fig. 7). Epomia turned abruptly horizontally toward mesal line of pronotum at midway to upper edge of pronotum (Fig. 9). Prepectus with a short vertical carina opposite lower corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum with longitudinal rugae in addition to punctures, and with moderate-sized glabrous area on lateral lobe (Fig. 8). Propodeum with posterior transverse carina. Nervellar index 1.9-2.8 (Figs 22-25). Postpetiole usually shorter, 0.7-0.9 times as long as wide in female (Fig. 12), 0.6-0.8 in male. Area between median longitudinal carinae of 1st metasomal tergite distinctly raised at beginning of postpetiole (Fig. 11). Subgenital plate (Figs 33-35) with postero-lateral corner gently curved, with posterior margin simply convex medially, and without white spot at base of its apodeme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="19E3AE379C8B96AFCB70AC617B5A4E73" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2EA5CECB4ED47B955DD86F26BAF76AC" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B666EB5C4BBC3B25B2E26762A4EFF00" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Adult. ♀. Head 2.0-2.1 times as wide as long in dorsal view (Fig. 4). Temple flat and narrow, occupying only 0.2-0.3 of length of head in dorsal view (Fig. 4). POL/OOL=0.4-0.8. Vertex and gena densely punctate with shallow and small punctures; punctures smaller on gena than on vertex. Face 1.4-1.5 times as wide as high, distinctly convex medially, densely punctate with fine punctures and with some sublateral transverse rugae (Figs 2, 5). Clypeus with median obtuse protuberance on apical margin (Fig. 3); punctures sparser than on face and irregular with mixture of different sized punctures. Malar space 0.9-1.2 times as wide as mandible width. Mandible with acute teeth, its lower tooth about half length of upper one (Fig. 6). Antenna with 31-32 flagellomeres; apical third of flagellum weakly thickened and weakly flattened ventrally, weakly tapered to apex; first flagellomere 3.4-4.3 times as long as apical width, a little longer than 2nd flagellomere; fifth flagellomere 1.5-2.1 times as long as apical width (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91D80E396B25EAB1AD331D7164C57AE4" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Epomia turns horizontally toward mesal line of pronotum at midway to upper edge of pronotum (Fig. 9). Prepectus with a short vertical carina opposite lower corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum densely punctate, with longitudinal to oblique rugae on median lobe, and with moderate-sized glabrous area on lateral lobe (Fig. 8). Scutellum with large punctures. Mesopleuron punctate to areolate-rugose on lower part to strigate on upper frontal part. Mesosternum punctate-reticulate. Metapleuron areolate-rugose. Upper division of metapleuron punctulate. Propodeum areolate rugose; posterior transverse carina distinct laterally, forming weak crest, with median portion merged in rugae and indistinct; anterior transverse carina and basal section of lateromedian longitudinal carina weakly marked; other carinae absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3CD44A7EBF512BDA4C410AA13C9D438" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Legs slender. Hind femur 6.0-7.3 times as long as maximum width. Hind tibia 9.3-10.7 times as long as apical width.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2DE6BBC9C91210303F8B051FF520831B" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Fore wing about 10-15 mm long. Nervellar index 1.8-2.8 (Figs 22-25).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6AD7913001152428F2C516A9826AC80" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="7148B6A718E288D876B8F79BC9DC3C66" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 22-27. Wings. 22-25.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14F13F47728E8876F3786C8D6D9350CF" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 26 & 27.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64E3524BFF41E57D60FF3440EE73912D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 22. ♂, Isoshima, Japan; 23. ♀, Chinkiang, Jiangsu, China; 24. ♀, Klapa Bali, Malaysia; 25. ♀, Gunung Lompobattang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; 26. ♀, Keumsan, South Korea; 27. ♀, Chulin, Taiwan, China. Scale line, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C43336C1117BED6AFEB21F1482987DBF" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">First metasomal tergite 1.8-2.1 times as long as apical width, with postpetiole 0.6-0.9 times as long as apical width; area between median longitudinal carinae distinctly raised at proximal margin of postpetiole (Figs 11, 12). Ovipositor sheath 0.8-1.0 times as long as hind tibia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8469BE7891ED4171329CBEE20BBC1075" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Body with metallic luster in blue, purple or green. Flagellum entirely black, without white band. Fore and middle tibiae and all tarsi dark brown to black. Ovipositor sheath and ovipositor black. Wings infumate in variable degrees (Figs 22-25). Veins dark brown to black, strongly pigmented all over.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E0C39F82C1AF2DED0764F4FD01EA42CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
♂. Similar to female except as follows: face 1.2-1.3 times as wide as long; malar space 0.8-1.0 times as long as basal width of mandible; flagellum with 35-37 flagellomeres, with 5 or 6 tyloids which can be on 13
|
||
<normalizedToken id="244A03DDB761B17E3604D0363788219F" originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
|
||
20th flagellomeres; 1st flagellomere 2.7-3.3 times as long as apical width; 1st metasomal segment 1.6-2.1 times as long as apical width; hind femur 7.3-8.0 times as long as median depth; hind tibia 10.3-12.7 times as long as apical width; anterior side of fore femur, fore tibia and dorsal stripe of middle tibia light brown. Subgenital plate with posterior margin evenly convex and with postero-lateral corner gently rounded (Figs 33-35).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F6A956B092E8B6A0B2203EF4051CE0E2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="182E3776908D94E17515E62781F23903" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 28-38. 28-35.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02AFF25B6FF9F1D71F23450A0EBC686F" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 36-38.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="612FEB2C5E74B570C208D8B79E82DCBB" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 28. Second to seventh sterna (♀, Isoshima, Japan); 29. Second to eight sterna and ninth tergites (♂, Isoshima); 30. Gonosquama and basal ring (Isoshima); 31. Aedeagus, lateral view (Isoshima); 32. Aedeagus, ventral view (Isoshima); 33-38. Subgenital plate (33. Isoshima; 34. Cuc Phuong, Vietnam; 35. Klapa Bali, Malaysia; 36. Seonunsan, South Korea; 37. Tieling, Liaoning, China; 38. Keumsan, South Korea.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5C5D8B66E2FAF40AC877FAE29B83A761" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="118C41B0657A674498328D74F3748D09" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 39-42.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D8DEBE7F3151898BC9039708A98597" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 39. Apex of the female flagellum; 40. Sensilla on the apex of the female flagellum; 41. Ventral (flattened) face of the female flagellum (27th segment); 42. Ditto, enlarged. Scale lines, 0.01 mm (Figs 39, 40, & 42); 0.1 mm (Fig. 41).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F3A4A31ED741AC4C022E1980F9BB987C" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="05271E23D0EC5BE5F157205B4E0B8D3E" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 43-47.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E49B523DF3B56ED61BC4B7EC42A74FED" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 43. Female hind tarsal claw; 44. Orbicular of female hind tarsus; 45. Male hind tarsal claw; 46. Orbicula of male hind tarsus; 47. Apex of ovipositor sheath. Scale lines, 0.1 mm (Figs 43, 45, & 47); 0.05 mm (Figs 44 & 46).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="528E4D838DA4B351832EEBE244930508" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Immature stages. Mandible, labral sclerite, epistoma, hypostoma, and labial sclerite well sclerotized through larval development (Figs 48, 50). Pleurostoma less strongly sclerotized (Figs 48, 50). Mandible with minute teeth both on dorsal and ventral sides (ventral teeth difficult to discern under light microscope) (Figs 55, 56), except for 1st instar (Fig. 54). Labrum with five to seven conspicuous setae in a row on each side along labral sclerite. Clypeus with three pairs of setae on lower margin. Antenna of moderate size, conical, without papilla or obvious seta or sensilla (Fig. 51).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FF3F249A3038420D781B9555C9AC6D81" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="0792F38D104675FE5AD6230BA0ACF0C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 48-53. Larval morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="322BF019E1FA6FE6673A63CC7E6E2680" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 48. Head capsule of 1st instar larva (left mandible is detached); 49. Spiracle of 1st instar larva; 50. Head capsule of 5th instar larva, antennae broken off; 51. Antenna of 5th instar larva; 52 & 53. Spiracle of 5th instar larva. Atp - anterior tentorial pit; cl - clypeus; ep - epistoma; es - epistomal spur; hs - hypostoma; lm - labrum; mx - maxilla; ps - pleurostoma. Scale lines, 0.5 mm (Fig. 48); 0.05 mm (Fig. 49); 0.5 mm (Fig. 50); 0.1 mm (Fig. 51); 0.2 mm (Figs 52 & 53).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FA5DCD3E5A0719583ED8D7E62116500" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">First instar larva (Fig. 48). Hypognathus. Hypostomal spur very weakly sclerotized. Stipital sclerite not developed. Mandible without teeth on blade (Fig. 54). Labrum with three setae on each side. Atrium of spiracle and closing apparatus not differentiated (Fig. 49).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0C58C923C483E517C74F3D0A4DAFD6E" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="8696626882E05AE381A4EA1A382AC297" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figure 54.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA07A38997BCAC78CB79D72693086D22" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left mandibles of larva. The mandibular parts isolated from 1st to 5th larval exuviae of the same individual extracted from a host cocoon. From above to bottom, 1st to 5th instars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EA6C2FAA195B5A923DBCE343445AF48F" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="030182F941C1EAD1B510B3BBE03FEED2" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Figures 55, 56. Left mandible of 2nd larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C0D66633D391A152C38F32466C05A04" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 55. Dorsal side; 56. Ventral side. Scale lines, 0.01 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE9D42BFBD30198F2E7BDA4461A32178" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Second instar larva. Prognathus. Narrow epistomal spur present. Two pairs of setae on labium of 1st instar remaining but upper most one situated just below salivary orifice present only as a hole. Spiracle with atrium differentiated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1872E80CD24910840D7A18E9C93BFAF5" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Third and fourth instar larvae. Epistomal spur more developed than in 2nd instar and stipital sclerite present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="80B016A502BDD0C42BBA926B6A90BF8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Final instar larva (Fig. 50). Dorsal part of epistoma not distinctly sclerotized and transparent, gradually evanescent. Clypeus slightly sclerotized but well delimited from surrounding area, without setae. Mid-dorsal part of labral sclerite weakly expanded and oval in form. Cardo very slightly sclerotized. Maxillary palp with two sensilla. Labial palp with two sensilla. Salivary orifice U-shaped. Closing apparatus of spiracle adjoining atrium (Figs 52, 53).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84216C316ACC6A05860044170C35E6B9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="49AFB5D9DD435E71332D99C64261B2BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB79E9EDE711CB917D23555784F10ADC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Several limacodid moths have been recorded as hosts. Some of the moths are serious pests of palm trees
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7EBC1E871AECEB6F2EF49DAAFBF000A7" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
|
||
the Oriental Region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="078EA217D20B62EF156DFA0FCFBF14AA" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="95729AEBCEF31259EEEA3F1D09CD9000" author="Mariau, D" journalOrPublisher="Plantations, Recherche, Developpement" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="149 - 160" title="Les Limacodidae (Lepidoptera) du palmier a huile et du cocotier. Especes nuisibles et ennemis naturels." url="http://publications.cirad.fr/une_notice.php?dk=392331" volume="6" year="1999">Mariau 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); hence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5BAD2A96F5A5D15478EB20E52E08787" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of economic importance as their natural enemy. The host records are summarized in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="42CA59893835128691073A36629D1FBD" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
In this study, we observed females collected in Osaka ovipositing into cocoons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7445C31F11BC319A43764713B33A381B" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker (Fig. 1). They spent more than 30 min to penetrate the moth cocoons and to accomplish the oviposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4D86FF6F973A51D55FA88353222DBAA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6BE763A9D6DA7199B536700F44A7F656" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D0B38DB9618E668ADC177995ACC44D1" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
(Figs 57, 58). Japan (new record): Honshu, Tsushima Is. China: Beijing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD407DD09E43D48DE43BDEF72356DF69" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="367 - 400" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Agriculture Insects of China" year="1987">He and Wang 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Fujian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="779E7DC6E1B4AA060B0640488FC06505" author="Chao, Hsiu-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="An outline of the classification of the Ichneumon-flies of China (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="1976">Chao 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E461F15C18A4A2B7F20D418C5B8437CB" author="Kellogg, CR" journalOrPublisher="Fukien Christian University Science Journal" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="119 - 124" title="A list of insects not heretofore recorded from Fukien Province, China." volume="1" year="1938">Kellog 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C60E6C6A7610F4CD923AC2D729ECD57F" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Bang-Kan" journalOrPublisher="Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="273 - 277" title="Mesosteninae." volumeTitle="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" year="2003">Wang 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Guangxi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2723DD9A1B11A511B3E48FFF7733F8E" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Peng, Jian-Wen" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science Publisher, Changsha" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1211 - 1249" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China" year="1992">He et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Guizhou (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B4722661640EECF440A8A9BCEBBCC7D8" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Peng, Jian-Wen" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science Publisher, Changsha" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1211 - 1249" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China" year="1992">He et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73B28B48B19A890D43583E38D924D726" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Fu-Sheng" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="643 - 654" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China" year="1993">Wang and Yao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hebei (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF090A0C01EA2CCE743F211BF6DB8255" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Fu-Sheng" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="643 - 654" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Insects of Wuling Mountains Area, Southwestern China" year="1993">Wang and Yao 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Henan (Dang et al. 1991,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="86D29206200388A52D763CFFA29B033A" author="Sheng, Mao-Ling" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" title="Insect Fauna of Henan. Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." year="2009">Sheng and Sun 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hong Kong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D40D6900E0B335DC7EA9306A36EF6A30" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="33 - 45" title="Descriptions of some new and apparently undescribed species of Hymenopterous insects from North China, collected by Robert Fortune, Esq." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1852.tb02208.x" volume="7" year="1852">Smith 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hubei (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="094FBFBA6C05486109D94C26430F1D68" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" year="2006">He and Chen 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hunan (Dang et al. 1991), Jiangsu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A92BB6D06C730CFCD693121B150FAE0" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Botany and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="259 - 264" volume="8" year="1940">Uchida 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Jiangxi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E8CC1939892263A0D88AD2B3A9293214" author="Chu, Joo-Tso" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing, China" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="32 - 49" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Atlas of Natural Enemies of Economic Insects" year="1978">Chu et al. 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E60D08CEF4B7A9926F3E26039C82A64" author="Ding, Dong-Sun" journalOrPublisher="Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="25 - 30" title="Resources of Ichneumonidae insects from Jiangxi Province." volume="2009" year="2009">Ding et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29695978B140C56720F0EA0B1A400B2C" author="Sheng, Mao-Ling" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" title="Ichneumonid Fauna of Jiangxi (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="2013">Sheng et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shaanxi (Dang et al. 1991), Shandong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60CA7C04CEA57E737CC5999B0C47BA90" author="Chao, Hsiu-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="An outline of the classification of the Ichneumon-flies of China (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="1976">Chao 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2123CD6EBBA618E67E660D19AE8D67F9" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="533 - 543" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Fauna of Shandong Forest Insect" year="1993">He and Tian 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shanghai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E8A405B9BF95CE7D2821040CBA0F751" author="Chao, Hsiu-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="An outline of the classification of the Ichneumon-flies of China (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="1976">Chao 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="68276D0478F1470581DFA47E726BE1E3" author="Xiao, Gang-Rou" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Biological Control" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="25 - 35" title="Status of biological control of forest insect pests in China." volume="1" year="1985">Xiao 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shanxi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A9A76565F9FDFDCBA0E4E69654261FD" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Mushi" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="39 - 58" title="Ichneumonologische Ergebnisse der japanischen wissenschaftlichen Shansi-Provinz, China-Expedition im Jahre 1952." volume="24" year="1952">Uchida 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Sichuan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE34B0FD941380EB6874EFB3AC8CFE3E" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Peng, Jian-Wen" journalOrPublisher="Hunan Science Publisher, Changsha" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1211 - 1249" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China" year="1992">He et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Yunnan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9E0F716D46A03B9EE4A4327E59F3C99B" author="Wang, Shu-Fang" editor="Huang, Fu-Sheng" journalOrPublisher="Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" pagination="1317 - 1336" title="Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Forest Insects of Yunnan" year="1987">Wang and Li 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Zhejiang (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="24EDA5DD7849578D270ACB3AC936ED15" author="Chao, Hsiu-Fu" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Publisher, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="An outline of the classification of the Ichneumon-flies of China (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="1976">Chao 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCF3212FFB2E1CEC48F315E4EB885029" author="He, Jun-Hua" editor="Wu, Hong" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="710 - 723" title="Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae." volumeTitle="Insects of Tianmushan National Nature Reserve" year="2001">He et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F37BBD8BC1A60334AE1D3C56A7E74EF" author="He, Jun-Hua" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Hymenopteran insect fauna of Zhejiang." year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Vietnam (new record). Malaysia: Sabah (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="101FAFAFC22083FA5E370EA2AFA1DCED" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indonesia: Java (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8595D3BA914BE6042F36665F1D7F8BA0" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="54129CEBDD68EC83EC534E1307637BBA" author="Sexana, K" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="215 - 219" title="Discovery of Neodontocryptus in the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." url="10.1080/00305316.1978.10434569" volume="12" year="1978">Saxena 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Sumatra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F7C08CFB9DC289007DAFD9834951C0E" author="Gauld, ID" editor="Cook, MJW" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="123 - 138" title="The Ichneumonid parasitoids associated with South-east Asian Limacodidae." volumeTitle="Slug and Nettle Caterpillars: the Biology, Taxonomy and Control of the Limacodidae of Economic Importance on Palms in Southeast Asia" year="1987">Gauld 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Sulawesi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4CD1D738B39442D1F0EB1C87FC31293B" author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="225 - 380" title="Ichneumoniden aus der Sammlung des ungarischen National-Museums. II." volume="14" year="1916">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4C2096072E490363CB82D8B1C3409B8" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1916
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1B3B7D08203A75B40CA6BAE469778FD" author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 50" title="HymenopteraOrientalia, or Contributions to the knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental zoological region. Part IX. The Hymenoptera of the Khasia Hills. Part II. Section 2." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/9307" volume="47" year="1903">Cameron 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6EBB50AC3C3F25C3197EF1F401668C3E" author="Jonathan, JK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Ichneumonologia Indica (Part I): An Identification Manual on Subfamily Mesosteninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="2006">Jonathan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51AB42CB3F25FA64B2CD71B8D313FCD7" author="Sexana, K" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="215 - 219" title="Discovery of Neodontocryptus in the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." url="10.1080/00305316.1978.10434569" volume="12" year="1978">Saxena 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C6891893195F5DC52812B9C1B101BFF" author="Szepligeti, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="225 - 380" title="Ichneumoniden aus der Sammlung des ungarischen National-Museums. II." volume="14" year="1916">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87BA8C72BB96C105812FA56028E1C699" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
1916
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nepal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DD6120ED3CDB7B42D0C33CD8B865679" author="Sexana, K" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="215 - 219" title="Discovery of Neodontocryptus in the Indian subregion (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." url="10.1080/00305316.1978.10434569" volume="12" year="1978">Saxena 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="497DC7A486C53149EB77DEB7E9A8336D" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB065210B8ADE5E1D3AB0A32C19402FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Figure 57. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D28DD2D1A37D9CF1D00C48211ACE917A" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1EAB497F1D5D6C47EA26CBDAA64565E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="79969729E09D0B47212FE06C04610DF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Figures 58, 59. Distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBF31E61404C15E44A1DCFDFF0DDBB9" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DBEDFD58F8878B47B602A24E26536FF" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in China (by province) and in adjacent countries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FA60E4D22E4B9BA0FB734A4B61D1AF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="586EF084C54C52ECE523C786085B8CB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05B7D0DEC251A340554908599DF63A21" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Although this species shows a wide range of variation in density of the surface sculpture and setae, wing color (Figs 22-25), and shape of the subgenital plate (Figs 33-35), these variations are continuous. The specimens from Sulawesi, including the lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E91676EF37EB6D069CBDC554F8107E56" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BB73CC91E4B54EC2C951AC9F99E962E6" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" start="start">Cryptaulax</pageBreakToken>
|
||
metallicus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6313A8798BCF9CD76E0581C0A9C9C759" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
, have extensively dark wings (Fig. 25); however, we considered this an extreme end of the variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6A9D2D2394A112DE68E70D07B90CB58" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8CEE6B9B63D967156B704D58BB08455B" author="Jonathan, JK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" title="Ichneumonologia Indica (Part I): An Identification Manual on Subfamily Mesosteninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)." year="2006">Jonathan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC48F441BD8DB96CCA524492521B1A88" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coeruleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">Chlorocryptus coeruleus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AD039B6E781D3630C47CD61195758C5" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus metallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">Chlorocryptus metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron as distinct species. However, given his descriptions, they fall within the variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42ABE8DFC84891F075316C009A63F593" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7953D51BAAD16765BD899E44D61C88B2" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Despite these large intraspecific variations, this species is clearly distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D90126125CBD164075690714D6B21E83" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the above given diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8FF1A13EF0C23CEA2F6C07ECC6677874" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D0FBB6652D76C10B5E6D6FC70B62CA7" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends further south than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08AA401BFDECF8E7EA2E6CAA53C1B9A0" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus coreanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coreanus">Chlorocryptus coreanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
although the distributions of both species largely overlap in China (Figs 58, 59). We do not know what determines such a difference in the distribution and whether the species compete or segregate where they co-exist. The host and habitat preferences might be different between the species, which may also be of practical interest in the biological control of the notorious limacodids on various trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B8E680AEEE7D02995F3FC172B85F62D3" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
This is the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D424E2E467A39062D421F66107AB042" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Japan and Vietnam. Considering that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86086CE76452ADBB810FB5FADFF85CE2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never before been collected in Japan, most probably the Japanese populations have been introduced recently. Its potential hosts, limacodid moths, are abundant and some of them have been well studied as pests in Japan, including their natural enemies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="348E833A5589C70C3E2A598BF85E2893" author="Kaji, H" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="110 - 112" title="Annual change in distribution and rate of parasitism of the slug moth, Monemaflavescens Walker, in Kanazawa City." url="10.1303/jjaez.23.110" volume="23" year="1979">Kaji 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DECC6968EEC8B78015710A63BB96946E" author="Koike, M" journalOrPublisher="New Entomologist" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 36" title="Investigation of Pelecystomasolitarium Watanabe." volume="34" year="1985">Koike 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="30390BC9153AEC79C6DF592D5A183F97" author="Koike, M" journalOrPublisher="New Entomologist" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="4 - 7" title="Distribution and percentage parasitism of the parasitic wasp Pelecystomasolitarium Watanabe (Braconidae)." volume="47" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Komeda and Hisamatsu 2006,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5050DFF46748555DF14EF86733389F26" author="Minamikawa, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Tea Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="41 - 143" title="Ecological studies on the tea nettle grub (Phrixolepiasericea Butler, Lep. Hetrogeneid.), with consideration on its control." volume="1" year="1962">Minamikawa 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="432DB7E582FADDECDB04DD2C6E25A163" author="Oda, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Kansai Plant Protection Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="107 - 108" volume="20" year="1978">Oda and Uezumi 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4AF47AD22A949D1630581F69C670DF98" author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Ishikawa Prefecture College of Agriculture" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="50 - 58" title="The braconid (Hymenoptera) parasites reared from the lepidopterous pests occurring in chestnut orchards, in Ishikawa Prefecture (I)." volume="11" year="1981">Togashi 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A2FEFDF00C48AF0C02B8847ACA292D99" author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="321 - 325" title="Parasites reared from cocoons of Monemaflavescens Walker and Latoiasinica (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) in Ishikawa Prefecture." volume="20" year="1994">Togashi and Ishikawa 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1EBE23719FBEF83C4F43947168E5C04" author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Applied Entomology and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="493 - 494" title="Is Eurytomamonemae Ruschka (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) an effective parasitoid for control of Monemaflavescens Walker or Parasasinica (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)?" volume="30" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F769C0C9E20092741ED80CD604D422D" author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" title="Host records of Pelecystomasolitarium Watanabe (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in Ishikawa Prefecture." volume="64" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB2C09EE7AA48F4ACA895C1B545F64C5" author="Toyomura, K" journalOrPublisher="GENSEI (Journal of the Entomological Society of Kochi)" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 4" title="An ecological note on Plecystoma sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasite of Monemaflavescens Walker (Lepidoptera) and Microleonlongipalpis Butler (Lepidoptera)." volume="21" year="1970">Toyomura 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20ED3F093EF216BF180570C99E72CE31" author="Yuasa, H" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" volume="8" year="1934">Yuasa 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C84866C6020782EC9F98B2DFA1E9ED98" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
In 2012 and 2013, alongside the adults, we also collected two larvae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBA5E64B2D9DFC125468972CB270919F" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa consocia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocia">Parasa consocia</taxonomicName>
|
||
cocoons in Osaka. This indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9689C386BA4FBA2C314F2F9137B3120B" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has already been established in this area for two or three years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E306A49AA6641648F68B3BF7A00B0D44" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
One of the limacodid moths,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CD963A78A169696372035359D1BBEF0" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa lepida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida">Parasa lepida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cramer), which had been originally distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China, invaded western Japan and became established in the late 1970's (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C35F218AC67356D61C1FF6314E324FC8" author="Oda, H" journalOrPublisher="Plant Protection" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="401 - 405" title="The bluestriped (greenstriped) nettle grab, Latoialepida (Cramer): a new pest of Japanese persimmon." volume="35" year="1981">Oda and Hattori 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3AD24E22439617BEE43CA556158FA7E" author="Higa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Annual Report of Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="57 - 61" title="Background of importation and life cycle of Latoialepida (Crama)." volume="18" year="1984">Higa and Kishimoto 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is probable that cocoons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC7C1F9D33C204F49373746C26298335" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Parasa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parasa lepida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida">Parasa lepida</taxonomicName>
|
||
or other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D702F4BFA676DD6DC7627B7084E3F4D4" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A0910175822CE8ED04305FE8DDDC5F0" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Chlorocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorocryptus purpuratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpuratus">Chlorocryptus purpuratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were introduced accidentally in Japan with imported nursery trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="695FF1765EE443665C941044E1F12F29" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D49B9077E70D5915581DCAB04E10ABC" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Neodontocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodontocryptus hyalina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">Neodontocryptus hyalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Saxena could not be located during the course of this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="490346ABA2F4C754B3FB0505559B5471" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The holotype of the species was deposited in the V. K. Gupta collection, which was originally housed at the University of Delhi. Later, his collection was transferred to Florida, first to the University of Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53D14AF4DD490D34FF471688DD08A727" author="Yu, DS" journalOrPublisher="Ottawa, Ontario" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" title="World Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxapad 2012" url="www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and finally to FSCA (Virendra K. Gupta, personal communication). Therefore, we expected that the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBB685F0412393612DB6794E269BAD62" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Neodontocryptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neodontocryptus hyalina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalina">Neodontocryptus hyalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be at FSCA; however, only one paratype was located, whereas the holotype was not found (Jim Wily, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A98ED026E88B03EA1E28A3F345550D3" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
The lectotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DBF74D803F245D16ABEA7D4A6369AF14" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax cyaneus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Cryptaulax cyaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="448B7CFCCFDC62BD9A40E9BBD8424D9A" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CBE51C18B840854E3B0E40D82B390E6" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B5A54C85B318FBEDC31A80B5E1F6238" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
|
||
were designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6A7B5D6DC3E72685C97E43821CC8D2E" author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 522" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumonidae." volume="1" year="1961">Townes et al. (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Five paralectotypes (two females and three males) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ECB346FCC537F3BD0648AFF2132BD51" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax cyaneus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Cryptaulax cyaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one paralectotype (female) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2972E210F42FEA862DB1C0B87B7EEFE3" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are preserved at HNHM together with their lectotypes (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="51D2CB340894EC421AFFAB31160BFEC5" originalValue="Gellért">Gellert</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E434DBE79BD5AF32940E822F9C083441" originalValue="Puskás">Puskas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, personal communication). One female paralectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFE8EB77A98ECD6D16D1D6CED29E66AE" class="Gastropoda" family="Cryptaulacidae" genus="Cryptaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaulax metallicus" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="metallicus">Cryptaulax metallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is is preserved in the Uchida collection at SEHU, which he obtained probably after visiting HNHM during his study trip to Europe and the United States from 1937 to 1939 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D0A0A09B42CA2CAE594CC4807CA1F52" author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Botany and Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="91" pagination="259 - 264" volume="8" year="1940">Uchida 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFD3B2EEBB3A8052053CB7ECB2BE4C9F" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="dna barcodes">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC14FE18E07EEEBC7782E08E3C7F8DC1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB1EE8A653D20AA110BF15F5A17299E7" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">INSD accession number: AB851419 for DNA-ICH-001 and AB851420 for DNA-ICH-002. Both have identical sequences.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |