440 lines
50 KiB
XML
440 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="11DA7DD0A541F4960FDB65929F604324" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3835.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44b48913-6e24-4fd6-8984-9b59a21bfc40" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251145" ID-ZooBank="E3F3FD5C-E526-4A66-911F-0FF5D692AAA8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460457312743" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zea, Sven, Rodríguez, Angélica & Martínez, Ana María" docDate="2014" docId="336C1F6AD746E7364AD6FC54FBA8F8DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03835p436.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3835 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathria (Thalysias) opalina Zea, Rodríguez & Martínez, 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="432" masterDocId="CF556712D75CE7294A41FFD8FF8CFFD1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="427" updateTime="1698302460107" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="486C8DC4054435818EBF0810189FC0D5">Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06FCF6CE4BB930C8E9EC679A5E121179">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2D1CAC5330894FEE386964944009264">Rodríguez, Angélica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CDCF9EF10D9095CB0CB3B0DB2EC3520">Martínez, Ana María</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="275F5C1E19E13A802171C0BF272EECF4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="64BAA9137875EB4510B303B0512D21B0">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB4B4406C7D07B1390A38C964B8377A7">3835</mods:number>
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<treatment id="336C1F6AD746E7364AD6FC54FBA8F8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6130521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127614977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6130521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:336C1F6AD746E7364AD6FC54FBA8F8DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/336C1F6AD746E7364AD6FC54FBA8F8DC" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D746E7334AD6FC54FDBAFC17" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7334AD6FC54FD0FFC77" blockId="26.[151,643,908,967]" box="[151,643,908,934]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<heading id="E0321910D746E7334AD6FC54FD0FFC77" bold="true" box="[151,643,908,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334AD6FC54FD0FFC77" bold="true" box="[151,643,908,934]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD746E7334AD6FC54FE61FC77" ID-CoL="5Z7YJ" box="[151,493,908,934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
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<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334AD6FC54FE61FC77" bold="true" box="[151,493,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Clathria (Thalysias) opalina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D746E7334BB5FC54FD0FFC77" box="[500,643,908,934]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7334AD6FC76FDBAFC17" blockId="26.[151,643,908,967]" box="[151,566,942,967]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<figureCitation id="23FEB2F9D746E7334AD6FC76FF6DFC16" box="[151,225,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[193,1404,791,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,769,1896]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Clathria (Thalysias) opalina n. sp. Schematic drawing spicule types (A) and skeleton (B). (a) Basal principal styles, (b) choanosomal and subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (c) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (d) basal accessory acanthostyle, (e) palmate isochelae, (f) section perpendicular to the surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251161/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Fig 16</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="23FEB2F9D746E7334AACFC77FE87FC16" box="[237,267,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[185,1401,193,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[185,1402,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 17. Clathria (Thalysias) opalina n. sp. SEM micrographs of spicules of a specimen from Santa Marta. (a) Choanosomal principal style, (b) choanosomal auxiliary subtylostyle (the smaller ectosomal category was scarce in the SEM sample), (c) echinating accessory acanthostyle, (d) palmate chelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">17</figureCitation>
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, plate 3, figures C, D, E, F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D746E7334AD6FC2EFD0EFBFA" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7334AD6FC2EFD0EFBFA" blockId="26.[151,642,1014,1067]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9BD58952D746E7334AD6FC2EFD0EFBFA" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD746E7334AE1FC2EFEB1FBDD" ID-CoL="8ZXHW" box="[160,317,1014,1036]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3;
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<treatmentCitation id="3A64886DD746E7334BC1FC2FFD89FBDD" author="Zea" box="[384,517,1014,1036]" page="88" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" year="1993">
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<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD746E7334BC1FC2FFE6EFBDD" author="Zea" box="[384,482,1014,1036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 88
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</treatmentCitation>
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(ecology).
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<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD746E7334AD6FBCDFEBEFBFA" ID-CoL="8ZXHW" box="[151,306,1045,1067]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3;
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<treatmentCitation id="3A64886DD746E7334B34FBCEFD98FBFA" author="Zea" box="[373,532,1045,1067]" page="261" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD746E7334B34FBCEFE68FBFA" author="Zea" box="[373,484,1045,1067]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" refString="Zea, S. (1994 b) Patterns of coral and sponge abundance in stressed coral reefs at Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. In: Soest, R. W. M. van, Kempen, T. & Braekman, J. C. (Eds.), Sponges in time and space. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 257 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Zea 1994b</bibRefCitation>
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: 261
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</treatmentCitation>
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(ecology).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D746E7324AD6FB8FFDA9FDC9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7334AD6FB8FFBFDFAF5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1111,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334AD6FB8FFEF6FBA1" bold="true" box="[151,378,1111,1136]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334B3EFB80FD87FBA1" box="[383,523,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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Santa
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<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD746E7334B84FB81FD87FBA1" box="[453,523,1113,1136]" name="Malta" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Marta</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="647E10DED746E733485BFB8FFD0BFBA1" box="[538,647,1111,1136]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: ICN-MHN(Po) 265, Canal de La Aguja, on exposed littoral rock,
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<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334F2AFB8FFA1BFBBE" box="[1387,1431,1111,1136]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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, coll. S. Zea,
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<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334B66FBA4FE4CFB45" box="[295,448,1148,1172]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1982-04-28">28 Apr. 1982</date>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="647E10DED746E7334B8AFBA5FDB7FB44" box="[459,571,1149,1173]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
, INV-POR 1241 (
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||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334947FBA4FCCFFB45" box="[774,835,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334911FBA4FC64FB45" box="[848,1000,1148,1173]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1983-04-26">26 Apr. 1983</date>
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||
), INV-POR 1242 (
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||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334EFCFBA4FB75FB45" box="[1213,1273,1148,1173]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334F47FBA4FA03FB45" box="[1286,1423,1148,1172]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1983-10-03">3 Oct. 1983</date>
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), Bahía de Santa
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<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD746E7334B05FB78FE06FB66" box="[324,394,1184,1207]" name="Malta" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Marta</collectingCountry>
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||
, Punta de Betín, on dead coral, reef, coll. S. Zea; INV-POR 1243 (reef slope,
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<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334EA7FB78FAC7FB66" box="[1254,1355,1184,1208]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334F17FB78FE87FB0D" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1988-04-18" valueMax="1988-04-19" valueMin="1988-04-18">18–19 Apr. 1988</date>
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), 1244 (reef base,
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<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334B9CFB1CFDCEFB0D" box="[477,578,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="34.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="34.0">34–35 m</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="CF7B88BCD746E733480EFB1CFC9EFB0D" box="[591,786,1220,1245]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1988-02-10" valueMax="1988-02-12" valueMin="1988-02-10">10–12 Feb. 1988</date>
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||
); INV-POR 1245 (overhanging littoral rock,
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||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334F4CFB1CFAB7FB0D" box="[1293,1339,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334F06FB1CFF5FFAD1" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1994-02-18">18 Feb. 1994</date>
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||
), INV-POR 1246 (overhanging littoral rock,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334884FB3FFC8AFB2E" box="[709,774,1255,1280]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334950FB30FC24FAD1" box="[785,936,1256,1280]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1993-12-11">11 Dec. 1993</date>
|
||
), INV-POR 1247 (exposed littoral rock,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334F2AFB30FA1BFB2E" box="[1387,1431,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="CF7B88BCD746E7334AD6FAD4FEA5FAF5" box="[151,297,1292,1316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" value="1994-01-18">18 Jan. 1994</date>
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||
), Bahía de Santa
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||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD746E7334BAAFAD5FDBDFAF5" box="[491,561,1293,1316]" name="Malta" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Marta</collectingCountry>
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||
, El Morro, on crustose coralline algae, coll. S. Zea.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7334A86FAF7FE18F961" blockId="26.[151,1437,1111,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334A86FAF7FDA7FA99" bold="true" box="[199,555,1327,1352]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Shape, color and consistency.</emphasis>
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Thin encrustations, covering several square centimeters, usually irregular in outline; frequently, small (
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||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334BFEFA8CFD9FFABD" box="[447,531,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
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in diameter) individuals or fragments are seen in groups, completely surrounded by other encrusting sponges. Ectosome transparent, cellophane-like in aspect; when live slightly elevated (inflated?) over extensive subdermal spaces, which make the sponge looks thicker that the neighboring substrata; oscules 500 µm–
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||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334B16FA18FE14FA06" box="[343,408,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, spaced every
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D746E7334889FA18FCBAFA06" box="[712,822,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="427" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
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, with a slightly elevated collar; the vein pattern of the canal system is somewhat obscured by the elevated ectosome; some areas around oscules have pore fields, each pore aproximatelly 120 µm in diameter. In illuminated sites the ectosome is creamy and transparent, with the choanosomal tissues underneath having various shades of orange to yellowish, to brownish. Specimens in shallow overhangs or deep areas have an iridescent ectosome with whitish oscules, and the flesh underneath is light brownish. The consistency of the ectosome is characteristically slightly leathery, easily detachable but difficult to tear; choanosome soft.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD746E7324A86F964FD02FE01" blockId="26.[151,1437,1111,2037]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">
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||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED746E7334A86F964FEB9F904" bold="true" box="[199,309,1724,1749]" pageId="26" pageNumber="427">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Ectosome is a pliable pinacoderm supported in some areas by brushes of small auxiliary subtylostyles; other areas with paratangential, plumose tracts of large to small auxiliary subtylostyles; yet other areas (probably those above extensive subdermal spaces) without support, with just a few, tangentially placed subtylostyles. Choanosome with numerous accessory acanthostyles erect on the substratum, usually partly embedded in crustose coralline algal tissue. Basal principal styles usually solitary but sometimes in groups, are spaced every 140–200 µm, and placed erect and with heads against the substratum, embedded in a thin knob of spongin. From their medial part, brushes of large subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle support the small, ectosomal brushes in thin areas of the body; thicker areas may have thick tracts of large subtylostyles, sometimes anastomosing, which end in the ectosomal brushes. Spicules (Table 1): (1) basal principal styles, long, slightly curved, with heads slightly to strongly spined, and ends short, telescopic, sometimes blunt, 219–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324E94FF4FFA98FF61" box="[1237,1300,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">356.3</emphasis>
|
||
–584 µm by 5.7–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324A89FF64FF75FF05" box="[200,249,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">10.9</emphasis>
|
||
–14.3; these may be scarce and thin in some specimens. (2) Straight auxiliary subtylostyles, with small, smooth heads, and with telescopic, usually blunt to almost strongylote ends; axial canal wide and visible; there is a clear separation in two size categories: long, choanosomal to subectosomal to paratangential ones, 286–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324F64FEDCFAE8FECC" box="[1317,1380,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">368.1</emphasis>
|
||
–418 µm by 2.4–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324B57FEF0FEB5FEEE" box="[278,313,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">5.7</emphasis>
|
||
–8.6 µm, and smaller, ectosomal ones, 152–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324963FEF0FCEDFE91" box="[802,865,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">200.0</emphasis>
|
||
–261 µm by 2.4–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324E5FFEF0FBCDFE91" box="[1054,1089,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">3.3</emphasis>
|
||
–4.8 µm; developmental stages are rhaphidiform. (3) Basal accessory acanthostyles, with a prominent head, heavily spined; the basal and apical third with fewer or no spines, 90–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324854FEA8FDDEFE59" box="[533,594,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">112.1</emphasis>
|
||
–128 µm by 3.8–
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324952FEA8FCBAFE59" box="[787,822,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">5.2</emphasis>
|
||
–7.6 µm. (4) Palmate chelae, 12.7–20.7 µm, usually in two, slightly different shapes, one with a sharply bent contour and the other more roundish (although this may be an artifact of their orientation in the sample).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD747E7324A86FE04FDA9FDC9" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324A86FE04FEE9FE24" bold="true" box="[199,357,476,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<typeStatus id="647E10DED747E7324A86FE04FE8EFE24" box="[199,258,476,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Canal de la Aguja, between Punta Aguja and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E7324922FE04FC07FE24" box="[867,907,476,501]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Aguja, Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E7324E69FE05FBE7FE25" box="[1064,1131,477,500]" name="Malta" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
area,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E7324EECFE04FA92FE24" box="[1197,1310,476,501]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DEF1C8BBD747E7324A8EFDD8FEE6FDC6" box="[207,362,512,536]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="15" value="11.307778">11° 18' 28" N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DEF1C8BBD747E7324B37FDD8FD95FDC9" box="[374,537,512,536]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" precision="15" value="-74.19222">74° 11' 32" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D747E7324A86FDFCFE06FD54" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD747E7324A86FDFCFE06FD54" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324A86FDFCFE7FFDEC" bold="true" box="[199,499,548,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E732487EFDFDFD09FDED" box="[575,645,549,572]" name="Malta" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E73248D0FDFCFC8FFDEC" box="[657,771,548,573]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It inhabits rocky shores and coral reefs, from 4–5 to
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D747E7324F1AFDFCFA1BFDED" box="[1371,1431,548,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
|
||
; usually quite abundant in the deeper reef areas near the city of Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD747E73249D9FD90FC52FD8E" box="[920,990,584,607]" name="Malta" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, up to 2.1 % cover in transects at
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D747E7324F17FD90FF21FD55" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" unit="m" value="19.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="17.0">17–22 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD747E7324B41FDB4FEF2FD54" author="Zea" box="[256,382,620,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refString="Zea, S. (1994 b) Patterns of coral and sponge abundance in stressed coral reefs at Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. In: Soest, R. W. M. van, Kempen, T. & Braekman, J. C. (Eds.), Sponges in time and space. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 257 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Zea 1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D747E7324A86FD57FE69FD1C" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD747E7324A86FD57FE69FD1C" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324A86FD57FEC2FD79" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,680]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adjective derived from Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E73248FCFD57FC84FD79" box="[701,776,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">opalus</emphasis>
|
||
and Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E73249DBFD57FC78FD79" box="[922,1012,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">opallius</emphasis>
|
||
for opal, a precious stone showing interplay of soft milky colors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="EFBAFEF4D747E7324AD6F8A5FC18F800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251161/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" targetBox="[193,1404,791,1850]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD747E7324AD6F8A5FC18F800" blockId="27.[151,1436,1917,2001]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324AD6F8A5FEADF842" bold="true" box="[151,289,1917,1939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD747E7324B6BF8A5FDC3F842" box="[298,591,1917,1939]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324B6BF8A5FDC3F842" box="[298,591,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Clathria (Thalysias) opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D747E7324819F8A5FD1FF842" box="[600,659,1917,1939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED747E7324819F8A5FD1FF842" bold="true" box="[600,659,1917,1939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Schematic drawing spicule types (A) and skeleton (B). (a) Basal principal styles, (b) choanosomal and subectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (c) ectosomal auxiliary subtylostyle, (d) basal accessory acanthostyle, (e) palmate isochelae, (f) section perpendicular to the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="EFBAFEF4D740E7354AD6FA0DFCB0F9F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251162/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" targetBox="[185,1401,193,1471]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD740E7354AD6FA0DFCB0F9F9" blockId="28.[151,1436,1493,1576]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354AD6FA0DFEAAFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,294,1493,1515]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354B72FA0DFDEDFA3A" box="[307,609,1493,1515]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354B72FA0DFDEDFA3A" box="[307,609,1493,1515]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Clathria (Thalysias) opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E735482FFA0DFD22FA3A" bold="true" box="[622,686,1493,1515]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D740E735482FFA0DFD22FA3A" box="[622,686,1493,1515]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SEM micrographs of spicules of a specimen from Santa Marta. (a) Choanosomal principal style, (b) choanosomal auxiliary subtylostyle (the smaller ectosomal category was scarce in the SEM sample), (c) echinating accessory acanthostyle, (d) palmate chelae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3DFFDF7D740E7364A86F98DFBA8F8DC" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD740E7344A86F98DFAE5FF29" blockId="28.[151,1436,1621,2006]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354A86F98DFEB7F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1621,1646]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
At first, the identity of this species was unclear (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E73549EDF98EFB95F9BF" author="Zea" box="[940,1049,1622,1646]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E7354E67F98DFBFDF9BF" author="Zea" box="[1062,1137,1621,1646]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Zea, S. (1994 b) Patterns of coral and sponge abundance in stressed coral reefs at Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. In: Soest, R. W. M. van, Kempen, T. & Braekman, J. C. (Eds.), Sponges in time and space. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 257 - 264." type="book chapter" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">1994b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but detailed study of the spicules and architecture of the skeleton led to its placement in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E735493EF9A1FBE9F943" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[895,1125,1657,1682]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E735493EF9A1FBE9F943" box="[895,1125,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is readily distinguished from other encrusting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354BD5F945FE7FF967" box="[404,499,1693,1718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354BD5F945FE7FF967" box="[404,499,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Clathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its cellophane-like pliable pinacoderm. It may perhaps be confused in the field with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354A91F91AFEB2F908" box="[208,318,1730,1753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="venosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354A91F91AFEB2F908" box="[208,318,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. venosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it lacks the well-developed vein pattern of the canal system.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354E5DF91AFB1FF90B" box="[1052,1171,1729,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354E5DF91AFB1FF90B" box="[1052,1171,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with co-existing species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354AAFF93EFE7BF92F" box="[238,503,1765,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulfocleistochela" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354AAFF93EFE7BF92F" box="[238,503,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. (T.) sulfocleistochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D740E7354BBFF93DFDB0F92F" box="[510,572,1765,1790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354BBFF93DFDB0F92F" bold="true" box="[510,572,1765,1790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354830F93EFCE3F92F" box="[625,879,1765,1790]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chelosigmoidea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354830F93EFCE3F92F" box="[625,879,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. (T.) chelosigmoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D740E7354934F93DFC3FF92F" box="[885,947,1765,1790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354934F93DFC3FF92F" bold="true" box="[885,947,1765,1790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the consistent lack of toxa in all specimens examined. Besides these three species, few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E735483EF8D1FD52F8F3" box="[639,734,1801,1826]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E735483EF8D1FD52F8F3" box="[639,734,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Clathria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Greater Caribbean appear to lack toxa (either normal or rhaphidiform to oxeote).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354B92F8F6FD6FF897" box="[467,739,1837,1862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vasiformis" subGenus="Clathria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354B92F8F6FD6FF897" box="[467,739,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. (Clathria) vasiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de Laubenfels, 1953),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E73549B3F8F6FAC5F897" authority="Topsent, 1889" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1889" box="[1010,1353,1837,1862]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="foliacea" subGenus="Clathria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E73549B3F8F6FB2EF897" box="[1010,1186,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. (C.) foliacea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E7354EEBF8F6FAC5F897" author="Topsent" box="[1194,1353,1838,1862]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52." type="journal article" year="1889">Topsent, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354FC3F8F6FE4DF8BB" authority="Topsent, 1889" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1889" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carteri" subGenus="Clathria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354FC3F8F6FE94F8B8" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. (C.) carteri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E7354B60F88AFE4DF8BB" author="Topsent" box="[289,449,1874,1898]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52." type="journal article" year="1889">Topsent, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were originally described as lacking toxa (see also van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E7354E03F88AFB48F8BB" author="Soest" box="[1090,1220,1874,1898]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167." type="journal article" year="1984">Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the latter two were found to possess them, although sometimes rare or absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E735493AF8AEFB9FF85F" author="Gomez" box="[891,1043,1910,1934]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Gomez, P. (2014) The genus Clathria from the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean, with redescription and resurrection of Clathria carteri (Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae). Zootaxa, 3790 (1), 51 - 85. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3790.1.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Gómez 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD740E7354E66F8AEFB33F85F" box="[1063,1215,1910,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vasiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED740E7354E66F8AEFB33F85F" box="[1063,1215,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">C. vasiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is vase shaped and lacks microscleres altogether; its generic assignment needs to be reassessed (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD740E7354E1FF841FACDF863" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[1118,1345,1945,1970]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) A monograph of the shallow-water sponges of the Western Bahamas. Experientia. Supplementum 28. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When contrasted to specimens of other Greater Caribbean species that may lack toxa, the distinguishing characteristics of its spicules are the slender principal styles with rugose heads, the somewhat large accessory acanthostyles, and the secondary subtylostyles having blunt ends and a visible axial canal. The iridescent color of this species in dark and deep sites is remarkable, similar to that of Caribbean tube sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD741E7344938FF07FBF8FF29" box="[889,1140,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344938FF07FBF8FF29" box="[889,1140,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Callyspongia plicifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF54D38DD741E7344EEEFF38FAD1FF29" author="Zea" box="[1199,1373,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" refString="Zea, S., Henkel, T. P. & Pawlik, J. R. (2009) The Sponge Guide: a picture guide to Caribbean sponges. Available from www. spongeguide. org (accessed 22 May 2014)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344EA0FF39FA9EFF29" box="[1249,1298,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD741E7344AD6F933FB63F8AA" blockId="29.[151,1436,1771,1916]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344AD6F933FE84F8D0" bold="true" box="[151,264,1771,1793]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD741E7344801F933FC9EF8D0" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[576,786,1771,1793]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344801F933FC9EF8D0" box="[576,786,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in this work. (A–B):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD741E7344E88F933FF71F8CE" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="virgultosa" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344E88F933FF71F8CE" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (A) encrusting specimen from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD741E73448C2F8D2FD4EF8CE" box="[643,706,1802,1823]" name="Malta" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E734488CF8D1FD79F8CE" box="[717,757,1801,1823]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, (B) branching specimen from Old Providence,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E7344F63F8D1FADAF8CE" box="[1314,1366,1801,1823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. (C–E):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD741E7344AA5F8F0FDCDF8EF" box="[228,577,1832,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344AA5F8F0FDCDF8EF" box="[228,577,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (C) encrusting specimen from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD741E734498FF8F1FB81F8EF" box="[974,1037,1833,1854]" name="Malta" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E7344E59F8F0FBD8F8EF" box="[1048,1108,1832,1854]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, (D) branching specimen from Islas del Rosario, on seagrass bed,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E734487AF89FFDE8F88C" box="[571,612,1863,1885]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, (E) encrusting and branching specimen from mangrove stilt roots, Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD741E7344AD6F8BEFF5AF8AA" box="[151,214,1894,1915]" name="Malta" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E7344AA1F8BDFE91F8AA" box="[224,285,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
. (F–G):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD741E7344B30F8BDFD00F8AD" box="[369,652,1893,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="venosa" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED741E7344B30F8BDFD00F8AD" box="[369,652,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Clathria (Thalysias) venosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD741E73449AFF8BEFBA1F8AA" box="[1006,1069,1894,1915]" name="Malta" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D741E7344E37F8BDFB26F8AA" box="[1142,1194,1893,1915]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD742E7374AD6F9A4FF71F8DC" blockId="30.[151,1436,1660,1805]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E7374AD6F9A4FE8EF943" bold="true" box="[151,258,1660,1682]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD742E7374862F9A4FD63F943" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[547,751,1660,1682]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E7374862F9A4FD63F943" box="[547,751,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in this work. (A–B):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD742E7374E3DF9A4FA19F943" box="[1148,1429,1660,1682]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuta" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E7374E3DF9A4FA19F943" box="[1148,1429,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Clathria (Thalysias) minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD742E7374BB3F944FDBDF960" box="[498,561,1692,1713]" name="Malta" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D742E737487DF943FDF1F960" box="[572,637,1691,1713]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. (C–D):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD742E737495AF943FBBAF960" box="[795,1078,1691,1713]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oxeota" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E737495AF943FBBAF960" box="[795,1078,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Clathria (Thalysias) oxeota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Bocas del Toro,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD742E7374AB8F962FEC0F91E" box="[249,332,1722,1743]" name="Panama" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D742E7374B17F961FE2FF91E" box="[342,419,1721,1743]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. (E–F):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD742E7374876F961FC3AF91E" box="[567,950,1721,1743]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulfocleistochela" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E7374876F961FC3AF91E" box="[567,950,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Clathria (Thalysias) sulfocleistochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D742E73749FDF961FC7AF91E" box="[956,1014,1721,1743]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E73749FDF961FC7AF91E" bold="true" box="[956,1014,1721,1743]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD742E7374F18F962FA14F91E" box="[1369,1432,1722,1743]" name="Malta" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (E)
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D742E7374A81F900FF7AF93F" box="[192,246,1752,1774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
[lower right specimen is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD742E7374845F901FD1AF93F" box="[516,662,1753,1774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="venosa" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED742E7374845F901FD1AF93F" box="[516,662,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">C. (T.) venosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], (F)
|
||
<specimenCount id="ADC365F5D742E7374894F900FC89F93F" box="[725,773,1752,1774]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D742E7374894F900FC8DF93F" box="[725,769,1752,1774]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
For scale in D to F, see the caliper cm (left) and inches (right) markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB7AAE7CD743E7364AD6F9A4FBA8F8DC" blockId="31.[151,1436,1660,1805]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364AD6F9A4FE84F943" bold="true" box="[151,264,1660,1682]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">PLATE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Underwater photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD743E7364801F9A4FC9EF943" authority="(Thalysias)" baseAuthorityName="Thalysias" box="[576,786,1660,1682]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364801F9A4FC9EF943" box="[576,786,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Clathria (Thalysias)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described in this work. (A–B):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD743E7364E88F9A4FEBAF960" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chelosigmoidea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364E88F9A4FEBAF960" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Clathria (Thalysias) chelosigmoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D743E7364B01F943FEF1F960" box="[320,381,1691,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364B01F943FEF1F960" bold="true" box="[320,381,1691,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD743E73648B2F944FCBEF960" box="[755,818,1692,1713]" name="Malta" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D743E7364901F943FC08F960" box="[832,900,1691,1713]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. (C–F):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD743E7364E64F943FAC2F960" box="[1061,1358,1691,1713]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364E64F943FAC2F960" box="[1061,1358,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Clathria (Thalysias) opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9282CF15D743E7364F18F943FA1AF960" box="[1369,1430,1691,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364F18F943FA1AF960" bold="true" box="[1369,1430,1691,1713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, encrusting specimens from Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3D2EEECD743E7364BAEF962FDA2F91E" box="[495,558,1722,1743]" name="Malta" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C3D0399D743E7364878F961FD18F91E" box="[569,660,1721,1743]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Upper right specimen in D is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD743E7364E51F962FA8FF91E" box="[1040,1283,1721,1743]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulfocleistochela" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364E51F962FA8FF91E" box="[1040,1283,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">C. (T.) sulfocleistochela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Notice a noniridiscent specimen in E. The cinnamon sponge that surrounds iridescent spots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC5D5FFD743E7364E44F901FB2EF93F" box="[1029,1186,1752,1774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="opalina" subGenus="Thalysias">
|
||
<emphasis id="89B1726ED743E7364E44F901FB2EF93F" box="[1029,1186,1752,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">C. (T.) opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in F is an unidentified Poecilosclerid. For scale in A and C, see the caliper cm (left) and inches (right) markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |