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<document id="C6BBDB20AC345C5AF6E8750CEE64353C" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.1" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12209508" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718990062347" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sandford, Andrew C." docDate="2005" docId="322587E5CB6BFF93FF4DFB87FBAB2450" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.62.1.1-66.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 62 (1)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-62-issue-1-2005/pages-1-66/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:99484BB52C5EA01CDE4EA5EECB5782C2.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="99484BB52C5EA01CDE4EA5EECB5782C2" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Homalonotus talenti Sandford, 2005, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="CE1CFF9DCB64FF81FFCFFF94FFBF2139" masterDocTitle="Homalonotid trilobites from the Silurian and Lower Devonian of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand (Arthropoda: Trilobita: Homalonotidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1718997979541" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FD1251AF74DF0B0B219707882790EA8D">Homalonotid trilobites from the Silurian and Lower Devonian of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand (Arthropoda: Trilobita: Homalonotidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="142BB924B6BF0B5FFAB11E80DFCEA548">Sandford, Andrew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B41948FFDF5CA33DD30C7A4E6BB9799C">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="232D5D65C36CE97D120B0CB6CA8A939F">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="EC2A261D8733FB85D56B65CA433CCC50" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="322587E5CB6BFF93FF4DFB87FBAB2450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:322587E5CB6BFF93FF4DFB87FBAB2450" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/322587E5CB6BFF93FF4DFB87FBAB2450" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="F2966578CB6BFF8EFF4DFB87FB1320FB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF4DFB87FE142513" blockId="15.[130,427,1043,1066]" box="[130,427,1043,1066]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="E17B819FCB6BFF8EFF4DFB87FE142513" box="[130,427,1043,1066]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFF4DFB87FEE92510" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[130,342,1043,1065]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFF4DFB87FEE92510" bold="true" box="[130,342,1043,1065]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homalonotus talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93CB579ACB6BFF8EFE92FB80FE142513" box="[349,427,1044,1066]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFCD1FEBEFB1320FB" blockId="15.[798,1430,298,853]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
P304917–P304951, NMV P304959–305026 from PL6650. NMV P304952–P304957, NMV P305027–P305029 from PL6651. NMV P304958, NMV P305041 from PL2265, Thomas locality F46, Parish of Heathcote, Heathcote. NMV P78296, P78297 from PL2239. NMV P305030–P305040 from PL2207, Thomas locality F7, Parish of Dargile, Heathcote. For localities see
<figureCitation id="22B72A76CB6BFF8EFBBEFE3AFB1720FB" box="[1137,1192,430,450]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[809,867,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[877,1368,295,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-575@14.[878,1368,296,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Geological sketch map of the Heathcote area showing Wenlock-Lochkovian fossil localities yielding homalonotids. For other fossil localities see also Thomas (1940a, 1940b, 1941, 1956), Talent (1964, fig. 1), Sandford (2002, fig. 1A; 2005, fig. 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12209524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12209524/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F2966578CB6BFF93FCD1FE45FBAB2450" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFCD1FE45FC7C226C" blockId="15.[798,1430,298,853]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FE45FBB320DD" box="[798,1036,465,484]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stratigraphic distribution.</emphasis>
Upper beds of the McIvor Sandstone and lowermost beds of the Cornella Member of the Mt Ida Formation,
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFCD1FD92FB122323" authority="Assemblage Zone" authorityName="Assemblage Zone" box="[798,1197,518,538]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Notanopliidae" genus="Notoparmella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchonellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="plentiensis">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FD92FBBD2320" box="[798,1026,518,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Notoparmella plentiensis</emphasis>
Assemblage Zone
</taxonomicName>
, late Ludlow. The age of the McIvor Sandstone is constrained by early Ludlow (upper
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFA80FDB4FA2A230A" box="[1359,1429,544,563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nilssoni</emphasis>
Biozone) graptolite assemblages from the underlying Melbourne Formation (
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFC45FDC1FB202350" author="Rickards, R. B. &amp; Sandford, A. C." box="[906,1183,597,617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="743 - 763" refId="ref56615" refString="Rickards, R. B. and Sandford, A. C. 1998. Llandovery-Ludlow graptolites from central Victoria: new correlation perspectives of the major formations. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45: 743 - 763." type="journal article" year="1998">Rickards and Sandford, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). In Europe,
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFAD2FDC1FA2A2351" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[1309,1429,597,616]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFAD2FDC1FA2A2351" box="[1309,1429,597,616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homalonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in abundance in strata of Ludfordian age, occurring rarely in the Gorstian (
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFCB7FD1DFB8E23A4" author="Thomas, A. &amp; Owens, R. M." box="[888,1073,649,669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="248 - 251" refId="ref57881" refString="Thomas, A. T, Owens, R. M. and S ˘ najdr, M. 1989. Trilobites. Pp. 248 - 251 in: Holland, C. H. and Bassett, M. G. (eds), A global standard for the Silurian System. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 9." type="book chapter" year="1989">Thomas et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
) and possibly ranging into the Pr˘ídolí. The first appearance of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFC36FD30FBF0238E" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[1017,1103,676,695]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFC36FD30FBF0238E" box="[1017,1103,676,695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
about
<quantity id="7D749B16CB6BFF8EFB5FFD30FB75238E" box="[1168,1226,676,696]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</quantity>
above the base of the McIvor Sandstone (at PL2265) is considered here to approximate the Gorstian-Ludfordian boundary. The Ludlow-Pr˘ídolí boundary can be placed within the interval between the last appearance of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFAF2FD67FACB223F" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[1341,1396,755,774]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFAF2FD67FACB223F" box="[1341,1396,755,774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(at PL2239) and the first appearance of the post-Ludlow brachiopod
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFCD1FCB3FCDD2203" box="[798,866,807,826]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Cyrtinidae" genus="Cyrtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FCB3FCDD2203" box="[798,866,807,826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cyrtina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at a slightly higher horizon,
<quantity id="7D749B16CB6BFF8EFB4EFCB3FB5F2202" box="[1153,1248,807,827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 m</quantity>
above the base of Cornella Member.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFCD1FCFBFAC8229B" blockId="15.[798,1429,879,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FCFBFBBB22BC" box="[798,1028,879,901]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Derivation of name</emphasis>
. For John A. Talent (Macquarie University), for his contribution to Victorian palaeontology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFCD1FC28FBCE2473" blockId="15.[798,1429,956,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FC28FC3C22EB" box="[798,899,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Glabella trapezoid, sides straight and converging at 20º, anterior margin broadly rounded. Glabellar length about 1.1 times preoccipital glabellar width and 0.94 times cranidial length. Preglabellar furrow very deeply impressed. Eye placed with midline of palpebral lobe opposite 0.56 glabellar length/0.52 cranidial length. Dorsal surface of rostral plate 0.14 times cephalic length. Hypostome with length 0.85 width, lobes on the posterior border with length 0.17 times hypostomal length. Pygidium with length about 0.9 times width, postaxial ridge projecting posteriorly, tip rounded. Pygidial axis with width 0.5 times pygidial width, 11 axial rings. Axial furrows straight and tapering at about 30º. 7 pleural ribs, rib-ring medially offset at fourth rib. Ring, pleural and axial furrows shallow to moderately impressed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EEF3667BCB6BFF8EFF4DFBAEFD462717" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[130,205,1082,1104]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF4DFBAEFEE22569" blockId="15.[130,762,1082,1582]" box="[130,349,1082,1104]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 9, 10.5–10.11</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF52FBCBFE7F25B4" blockId="15.[130,762,1082,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFF52FBCBFE98254A" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1890" box="[157,295,1119,1139]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Homalonotinae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. 2.—
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFE29FBCBFD4A254A" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Neil, J. V." box="[486,757,1119,1139]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref55082" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Neil, J. V. 1982. Trilobites from the Mount Ida Formation (Late Silurian - Early Devonian), Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1982">Holloway and Neil, 1982: 146</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4I–L. —
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFF35FBEDFE0325B4" author="Morzadec, P." box="[250,444,1145,1165]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="185 - 200" refId="ref56012" refString="Morzadec, P. 1986. Trilobites. Pp. 185 - 200 in: Racheboeuf, P. R. (ed), Le Groupe de Lievin. Pr ˘ idoli - Lochkovian de l'Artois (N. France). Biostratigraphie du Paleozoique 3." type="journal article" year="1986">Morzadec, 1986: 186</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF4DFB08FEF124CB" blockId="15.[130,762,1082,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFF4DFB08FEB52597" box="[130,266,1179,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type material.</emphasis>
Holotype NMV P304936 (cephalon) from PL6650, Heathcote, Victoria (Fig. 9.1). Paratypes NMV P304927, NMV P304937–P304939 (cephala), NMV P304923–P304925, NMV P304928, P304929 (cranidia), NMV P304941, NMV P304943 (librigena), NMV P304946–P304948 (hypostomes), NMV P304945, NMV P304949 (thoracic segments), NMV P304917, P304918, NMV P304920–P304922 (pygidia) from PL6650. Paratypes NMV P304952, P304953 (pygidia) from PL6651, Heathcote. For localities see Fig. 8.
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFF4DFAE1FE3E24B1" box="[130,385,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Previously figured material.</emphasis>
NMV P78296 (ex GSV35724, cephalon, figured
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFF01FA1BFE7B249A" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Neil, J. V." box="[206,452,1423,1443]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref55082" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Neil, J. V. 1982. Trilobites from the Mount Ida Formation (Late Silurian - Early Devonian), Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1982">Holloway and Neil, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: figs 4I, 4J), NMV P78297 (ex GSV35725, pygidium, figured
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB6BFF8EFE55FA3DFD3E2484" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Neil, J. V." box="[410,641,1449,1469]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref55082" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Neil, J. V. 1982. Trilobites from the Mount Ida Formation (Late Silurian - Early Devonian), Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1982">Holloway and Neil, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: figs 4K, 4L) from PL2239, Thomas locality F25, Parish of Heathcote, Heathcote. For locality see Fig. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFCD1FAF6FB8E2493" blockId="15.[798,1430,1378,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFCD1FAF6FC38244C" box="[798,903,1378,1397]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
. Exoskeleton of moderate size, maximum length estimat- ed
<quantity id="7D749B16CB6BFF8EFCF3FAE8FCC924A9" box="[828,886,1404,1424]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
(from NMV P305923), occipital convexity (tr.) moderate, pygidial convexity (tr.) strong.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF93FCF7FA25FD5922D0" blockId="15.[798,1430,1378,1582]" lastBlockId="18.[138,770,298,1606]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cephalon wide, length 0.6 times width, with trapezoid outline, sides moderately convex and converging forwards at about 75º, anterior margin tricuspate, median cusp triangular in outline with rounded tip, length about 0.6 times width, lateral cusps with obtusely angled tips reaching forward to midlength of median cusp. Cranidial width 1.9 times length. Glabella with anterior margin strongly defined, arc of curvature centred at about glabellar midlength. Occipital ring about 0.1 times cranidial length, slightly wider medially. Occipital furrow moderately impressed to shallow, with weak forward flexure medially. Glabellar lobation extremely weak (best seen on NMV P304928) to indistinct. L1 0.32 times glabellar length, L2 0.12 times glabellar length, L3 0.10 times glabellar length and frontal lobe 0.20 times glabellar length. S1 weakly convex, directed diagonally abaxially. S2 and S3 transverse. Axial furrows shallow to moderately impressed. Paraglabellar area very weakly defined. Length (sag.) of preglabellar furrow and ridge-like preglabellar field 0.03 times cranidial length. Length (exsag.) of posterior border equal to occipital length adaxially, lengthening slightly abaxially. Posterior border furrow transverse, very wide and shallow, meeting lateral border furrow distally. Postocular fixigenal area long, length (exsag.) 0.25 times cranidial length. Palpebral lobes placed anteriorly and remotely (b- b 1.5 times preoccipital glabellar width). Palpebral lobe length (exsag.) 0.15 times cranidial length, palpebral furrow indistinct. Preocular fixigenal area of moderate width, width 0.17 b- b adjacent to palpebral area, eye ridges not distinct, narrowing markedly anteriorly. Anterior branches of facial suture converging at about 80º, curving inwards opposite the antero-lateral corner of the glabella and converging at about 140º anteriorly. Librigena with wide, moderately impressed border furrow, not continuing forward of antero-lateral corner of glabella, librigenal field weakly convex, steeply inclined, lateral border wide, convex.Anterior margin of librigena projecting far forwards from juncture of rostral, connective and facial sutures at cephalic margin as triangular cusp.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF4DF994FD462717" blockId="15.[130,762,1082,1582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFF4DF994FE87272A" box="[130,312,1536,1555]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Registered material.</emphasis>
127 specimens: 10 cephala, 41 cranidia, 9 librigenae, 3 hypostomes, 8 thoracic segments, 56 pygidia. NMV
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="EEF3667BCB6BFF8EFF4DF9F5FE9F2689" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[130,188,1633,1653]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB6BFF8EFF4DF9F5FE9F2689" blockId="15.[130,1430,1632,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB6BFF8EFF16F9F5FE2F274D" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[217,400,1633,1652]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB6BFF8EFF16F9F5FE2F274D" box="[217,400,1633,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homalonotus talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93CB579ACB6BFF8EFE59F9F6FE63274C" box="[406,476,1634,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1a, holotype NMV P304936, cephalon, dorsal view X 3.0 (latex cast) from PL6650. 1b, same, X 2.6 (internal mould). 1c, same, lateral view X 3.0 (latex cast). 2, paratype NMV P304938, cephalon, dorsal view X 2.6 (latex cast) from PL6650. 3, paratype NMV P304929, cranidium, dorsal view X 2.1 (internal mould) from PL6650. 4, paratype NMV P304923, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.65 (internal mould) from PL6650. 5a, paratype NMV P304927, cephalon, dorsal view x 5.5 (internal mould) from PL6650. 5b, same, anterior view X 5.0. 6, paratype NMV P304937, cephalon, dorsal view X 1.9 (latex cast) from PL6650. 7, paratype NMV P304924, cranidium, dorsal view X 3.6 (internal mould) from PL6650. 8a, paratype NMV P304939, cephalon, dorsal view X 2.0 (internal mould) from PL6650. 8b, same, X 2.1 (latex cast). 9, paratype NMV P304943, librigena, dorsolateral view X 1.22 (latex cast) from PL6650. 10, paratype NMV P304925, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.75 (internal mould) from PL6650. 11, paratype NMV P304928, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.6 (internal mould) from PL6650. 12, paratype NMV P304949, thoracic segment, lateral view X 1.75 (internal mould) from PL6650. 13, paratype NMV P304945, thoracic segment, dorsal view X 1.4 (internal mould) from PL6650. 14, paratype NMV P304941, librigenal doublure, ventral view X 2.4 (latex cast) from PL6650. 15, paratype NMV P304947, hypostome, ventral view X 2.2 (internal mould) from PL6650. 16a, paratype NMV P304946, hypostome, ventral view X 3.4 (latex cast) from PL6650. 16b, same (internal mould). 17a, paratype NMV P304948, hypostome, ventral view X 3.5 (internal mould) from PL6650. 17b, same (latex cast).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FF6BFC64FD7B259B" blockId="18.[138,770,298,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Course of rostral suture broadly rounded, concentric to anterior margin of glabella. Dorsal surface of rostral plate rounded triangular, length (sag.) 0.4 times width, strongly concave (tr. sect.). On cephalic doublure connective sutures straight and weakly converging posteriorly. Librigenal doublure without distinct vincular furrow, strongly convex (exsag. sect.) adjacent to connective suture (i.e. accommodating preglabellar furrow). Hypostomal suture very broadly rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FF6BFB3DFED92432" blockId="18.[138,770,298,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hypostome with middle furrow shallow to moderately impressed, anterior wing process small (width 0.1 times hypostomal width), lobes on posterior border parabolic in outline, deep medial notch with sides converging at about 75º.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FF6BFA85FE502479" blockId="18.[138,770,298,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorax with axial furrows poorly defined. Pleural furrows narrow (exsag.) and deep, pleural tips rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FF6BFAD2FCDF20E5" blockId="18.[138,770,298,1606]" lastBlockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pygidium with triangular outline, sides weakly convex and converging at about 80º. In lateral view pygidium high, height equal to length. Pygidial axis reaching to about 0.8 times pygidial length, continuous posteriorly with wide postaxial ridge. Postaxial ridge raised, parallel-sided, wide, width (tr.) 0.45 times axial width, posterior margin with parabolic outline. Axial furrows tapering, curving to the exsagittal posteriorly, shallow anteriorly, moderately impressed posteriorly. Pleural furrows shallowing markedly adjacent to border furrow. Border furrow moderately impressed opposite pleural field, shallow opposite postaxial ridge. In dorsal view border narrow (tr.) but protuberant from margin of pleural field. In lateral view border very wide anteriorly, merging with wide articulating facet, narrowing markedly posteriorly. Lateral border continuous with narrow pygidial doublure. In posterior view anterior margin of pygidium strongly convex, posterior margin with distinct medial and lateral arches. In ventral view, inner margin of doublure parabolic in outline with deep medial indentation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FC8EFE76FBDA238C" blockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Dorsal exoskeleton finely granulose. Pygidial border with fine ridging.
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FCE9FD90FC37232E" box="[806,904,516,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FC59FD90FB362321" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Neil, J. V." box="[918,1161,516,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref55082" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Neil, J. V. 1982. Trilobites from the Mount Ida Formation (Late Silurian - Early Devonian), Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1982">Holloway and Neil (1982)</bibRefCitation>
suggested the affinities of an incomplete cephalon examined by them were with
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FB25FD8BFADD230B" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[1258,1378,543,562]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FB25FD8BFADD230B" box="[1258,1378,543,562]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homalonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Their suggestion is confirmed with the additional specimens listed. They noted similarities between the associated pygidium and that of the South American Lower Devonian species
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FB51FDFAFB4823B9" box="[1182,1271,621,640]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FB51FDFAFB4823B9" box="[1182,1271,621,640]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but these similarities are superficial. Following
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FBF3FD13FB7E23A2" author="Cooper, M. R." box="[1084,1217,647,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref53898" refString="Cooper, M. R. 1982. A revision of the Devonian (Emsian - Eifelian) Trilobita from the Bokkeveld Group of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 89: 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1982">Cooper (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, and as discussed below,
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FCE9FD36FCDB238C" box="[806,868,674,693]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FCE9FD36FCDB238C" box="[806,868,674,693]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FC25FD36FBE0238C" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1865" box="[1002,1119,674,693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Burmeisteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FC25FD36FBE0238C" box="[1002,1119,674,693]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Burmeisteria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FC8EFD29FC2F22B1" blockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Hypostomes are also known for
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FB4AFD28FAF123F6" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[1157,1358,700,719]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knightii">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FB4AFD28FAF123F6" box="[1157,1358,700,719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homalonotus knightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FA48FD29FC3523D3" authorityName="Angelin" authorityYear="1852" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhinotropis">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FA48FD29FC3523D3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. rhinotropis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FC59FD42FBB823D3" author="Salter, J. W." box="[918,1031,726,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="81 - 128" refId="ref56853" refString="Salter, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London for 1863: 81 - 128." type="journal article" year="1865">Salter, 1865</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 12 fig. 10;
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FB5FFD42FAAC23D3" author="Angelin, N. P." box="[1168,1299,726,746]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref53145" refString="Angelin, N. P. 1878. Paleontologica Scandinavica. P. 1. Crustacea Formationis Transitionis Fascicula I and II. Samson and Wallin: Holmiae." type="book" year="1878">Angelin, 1878</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 20 fig. 1c). The hypostome of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FC1AFD66FB93223D" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[981,1068,753,772]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FC1AFD66FB93223D" box="[981,1068,753,772]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles that of the
<typeStatus id="65378851CB76FF93FAB8FD65FA22223D" box="[1399,1437,753,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
species. The hypostome of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FBE8FC9FFB342227" authorityName="Angelin" authorityYear="1852" box="[1063,1163,779,798]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhinotropis">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FBE8FC9FFB342227" box="[1063,1163,779,798]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">rhinotropis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively elongate (length times 1.1 width) compared to that of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FBBEFCB1FB0A2201" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[1137,1205,805,824]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knightii">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FBBEFCB1FB0A2201" box="[1137,1205,805,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">knightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(length 0.81 times width) and
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FC82FCD4FC39226A" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[845,902,832,851]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FC82FCD4FC39226A" box="[845,902,832,851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(length 0.85 times width). The projections of the posterior margin are broadly based and long in
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FBB0FCCEFB072254" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[1151,1208,858,877]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FBB0FCCEFB072254" box="[1151,1208,858,877]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FB2AFCCEFA962254" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[1253,1321,858,877]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knightii">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FB2AFCCEFA962254" box="[1253,1321,858,877]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">knightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but short in
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FCE9FCE0FC3522BE" authorityName="Angelin" authorityYear="1852" box="[806,906,884,903]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhinotropis">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FCE9FCE0FC3522BE" box="[806,906,884,903]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">rhinotropis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FC8EFC1AFA26251F" blockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Although the ventral surface of the rostral plate of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FACEFC1BFCF72285" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FACEFC1BFCF72285" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homalonotus talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known, the course of the connective sutures (indicated by the shape of the librigenae) is more or less straight and slightly convergent posteriorly, indicating the rostral plate to be approximately pentagonal, with subequal sides. Apparent curvature of the connective sutures on
<figureCitation id="22B72A76CB76FF93FC47FB86FC66251F" box="[904,985,1042,1062]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[130,188,1633,1653]" captionText="Figure 9. Homalonotus talenti sp. nov. 1a, holotype NMV P304936, cephalon, dorsal view X 3.0 (latex cast) from PL6650. 1b, same, X 2.6 (internal mould). 1c, same, lateral view X 3.0 (latex cast). 2, paratype NMV P304938, cephalon, dorsal view X 2.6 (latex cast) from PL6650. 3, paratype NMV P304929, cranidium, dorsal view X 2.1 (internal mould) from PL6650. 4, paratype NMV P304923, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.65 (internal mould) from PL6650. 5a, paratype NMV P304927, cephalon, dorsal view x 5.5 (internal mould) from PL6650. 5b, same, anterior view X 5.0. 6, paratype NMV P304937, cephalon, dorsal view X 1.9 (latex cast) from PL6650. 7, paratype NMV P304924, cranidium, dorsal view X 3.6 (internal mould) from PL6650. 8a, paratype NMV P304939, cephalon, dorsal view X 2.0 (internal mould) from PL6650. 8b, same, X 2.1 (latex cast). 9, paratype NMV P304943, librigena, dorsolateral view X 1.22 (latex cast) from PL6650. 10, paratype NMV P304925, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.75 (internal mould) from PL6650. 11, paratype NMV P304928, cranidium, dorsal view X 1.6 (internal mould) from PL6650. 12, paratype NMV P304949, thoracic segment, lateral view X 1.75 (internal mould) from PL6650. 13, paratype NMV P304945, thoracic segment, dorsal view X 1.4 (internal mould) from PL6650. 14, paratype NMV P304941, librigenal doublure, ventral view X 2.4 (latex cast) from PL6650. 15, paratype NMV P304947, hypostome, ventral view X 2.2 (internal mould) from PL6650. 16a, paratype NMV P304946, hypostome, ventral view X 3.4 (latex cast) from PL6650. 16b, same (internal mould). 17a, paratype NMV P304948, hypostome, ventral view X 3.5 (internal mould) from PL6650. 17b, same (latex cast)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9.14</figureCitation>
is due to the oblique orientation of the specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FC8EFBB8FBE62590" blockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The broad, rounded medial indentation of the inner margin of the pygidial doublure of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FC2DFBD3FB272563" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[994,1176,1095,1114]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FC2DFBD3FB272563" box="[994,1176,1095,1114]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homalonotus talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<geoCoordinate id="DFB85034CB76FF93FB01FBD2FABF2563" box="[1230,1280,1094,1114]" degrees="10.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="5555" value="10.7">10.7e</geoCoordinate>
) differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FCF1FBF6FC22254D" authorityName="Konig" authorityYear="1825" box="[830,925,1121,1140]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knightii">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FCF1FBF6FC22254D" box="[830,925,1121,1140]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. knightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the margin is more or less straight laterally, and defines an acute angle medially (see
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FB5DFBEFFAB925B6" author="Salter, J. W." box="[1170,1286,1147,1167]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="81 - 128" refId="ref56853" refString="Salter, J. W. 1865. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London for 1863: 81 - 128." type="journal article" year="1865">Salter, 1865</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 12 fig. 9
<bibRefCitation id="DE1D4B02CB76FF93FA41FBEFFC652590" author="Boucot, A. J." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref53289" refString="Boucot, A. J. 1975. Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls. Elsevier: Amsterdam. 427 pp." type="book" year="1975">a, Tomczykowa, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1 fig. 5c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA3336F3CB76FF93FCE9FB23FBAB2450" blockId="18.[806,1438,298,1385]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FCE9FB23FC5B25F3" box="[806,996,1207,1226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Environmental notes.</emphasis>
Throughout its range
<taxonomicName id="7D8C4D70CB76FF93FB68FB23FAE125F3" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2005" box="[1191,1374,1207,1226]" class="Trilobita" family="Homalonotidae" genus="Homalonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talenti">
<emphasis id="88F8EAE1CB76FF93FB68FB23FAE125F3" box="[1191,1374,1207,1226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homalonotus talenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in thick-bedded fine- to medium-grained sandstones, in low diversity or monospecific assemblages. At the
<typeStatus id="65378851CB76FF93FB4FFB78FB1925C6" box="[1152,1190,1260,1279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
locality where the species occurs in greatest abundance the proportion of articulated specimens is low (6%) and the proportion of broken specimens low (3%).The fauna can be assigned to taphofacies TII and indicates shallow environments around normal wave base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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