280 lines
31 KiB
XML
280 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="15965A61C3474AF3D8824B4C46BA8E95">A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04CAC1EBAD333D5D455BE399E6B2E4DD">Bitner, Maria Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0A7A77EDD1E02039ED8D450FB250B1C">Hagström, Jonas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9861E3C06A805BBEC5C479CD16FC8209">Robins, Cristina M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72DC43C00A03C8CC29355A8751EDA0BF">Kaim, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6C50D92456F8831FEBF686E5475AD389">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5C2EFF412F74A29C5B0B40941554FE40">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:start id="DA952C4354402F613B15A7A0C6A7DC56">101</mods:start>
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<treatment id="320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="F2BF6569465FFFC8FFEFF9C0FD99D903" box="[98,561,1598,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF9C0FD99D903" blockId="5.[98,561,1598,1627]" box="[98,561,1598,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="E152818E465FFFC8FFEFF9C0FD99D903" box="[98,561,1598,1627]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465FFFC8FFEFF9C0FD99D903" ID-CoL="7Q6K8" authority="Koenen, 1885" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[98,561,1598,1627]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FFEFF9C0FF4BD903" box="[98,227,1598,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Aporrhais</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FE99F9C0FEDED903" box="[276,374,1598,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FEF0F9C1FD99D903" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[381,561,1598,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2BF6569465FFFC8FFEFF995FDABD9F0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF995FF66D9D8" blockId="5.[98,206,1643,1665]" box="[98,206,1643,1665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<figureCitation id="229E2A67465FFFC8FFEFF995FF61D9D8" box="[98,201,1643,1665]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,1373,1395]" captionTargetBox="[98,1481,160,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[98,1481,160,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.4.Aporrhaid and scaphandrid gastropods from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, locality 500 m west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta (A, B, D) and Fossildalen (C), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A, B. Aporrhais cf. gracilis Koenen, 1885, GPIBo 117 (A) and GPIBo 116 (B) in lateral (A1, B1) and apical (A2, B2) views.C.?Aporrhais cf.gracilis Koenen, 1885, identified by Hägg (1925) as Nassa sp., NRM-PZ Mo 149182 in apical (C1), lateral C2) and latero-apertural (C3) views. D. Ellipsoscapha sp. GPIBo 115 in apertural (D1), lateral (D2), apical (D3), and abapical (D4) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980908/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFE6F96CFDABD9F0" blockId="5.[98,770,1682,1818]" box="[107,515,1682,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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1925
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465FFFC8FF2FF96CFEBFD9FF" box="[162,279,1682,1703]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Nassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FF2FF96CFF75D9FF" box="[162,221,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Nassa</emphasis>
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||
spec.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FEADF96CFE26D9F0" author="Hagg, R." box="[288,398,1682,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 3: 5, 5a.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F2BF6569465FFFC8FFEFF950FDD2D841" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF950FD3DD99B" blockId="5.[98,770,1682,1818]" box="[98,661,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AB511CC465FFFC8FFEFF950FD3DD99B" box="[98,661,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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1927
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465FFFC8FF15F950FE2ED99C" box="[152,390,1710,1732]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Chenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Arrhoges">
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||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FF15F950FF50D99B" box="[152,248,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chenopus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FE8BF950FEF7D99B" box="[262,351,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Arrhoges</emphasis>
|
||
) sp
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3B0410F3465FFFC8FE19F950FD81D99B" author="Gripp, K." box="[404,553,1710,1732]" page="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FE19F950FD81D99B" author="Gripp, K." box="[404,553,1710,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp 1927: 32</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 6: 8–9.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF935FF68D9A5" blockId="5.[98,770,1682,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AB511CC465FFFC8FFEFF935FF68D9A5" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
1970
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465FFFC8FF15F935FE41D9B9" authority="(Koenen, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Koenen" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[152,489,1739,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Chenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FF15F935FEEFD9B8" box="[152,327,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Chenopus gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FED8F935FE4AD9B9" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[341,482,1739,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3B0410F3465FFFC8FE7EF935FD6DD9B8" author="Vonderbank, K." box="[499,709,1739,1761]" page="87" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FE7EF935FD6DD9B8" author="Vonderbank, K." box="[499,709,1739,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="5 - 119" refId="ref37378" refString="Vonderbank, K. (ed.) 1970. Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitsbergens. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 153: 5 - 119." type="journal article" year="1970">Vonderbank 1970: 87</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8: 8–9.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF8FAFDD2D841" blockId="5.[98,770,1682,1818]" box="[98,634,1796,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
2016
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465FFFC8FF1BF8FAFEA6D842" ID-CoL="9CJ5G" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[150,270,1796,1818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Aporrhaidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FEB1F8FAFDB3D842" author="Hryniewicz, K. & Bitner, M. A. & Durska, E. & Hagstrom, J. & Hjalmarsdottir H. R. & Jenkins, R. G. & Little, C. T. S. & Miyajima, Y. & Nakrem, H. A. & Kaim, A." box="[316,539,1796,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref29314" refString="Hryniewicz, K., Bitner, M. A., Durska, E., Hagstrom, J., Hjalmarsdottir H. R., Jenkins, R. G., Little, C. T. S., Miyajima, Y., Nakrem, H. A., and Kaim, A. 2016. Paleocene methane seep and wood-fall marine environments from Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 462: 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="2016">Hryniewicz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2BF6569465FFFCBFFEFF8D2FDADDB01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FFEFF8D2FDB7D8FF" blockId="5.[98,771,1835,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FFEFF8D2FF6DD81E" box="[98,197,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Material</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0ACD3CBF465FFFC8FF69F8D2FDB2D8FF" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" elevation="500" location="upper Paleocene" municipality="Hollendarbukta" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" specimenCode="GPIBo 116, 117" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="ACA3FD6B465FFFC8FF69F8D2FE32D81E" box="[228,410,1836,1862]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="EA039E99465FFFC8FE23F8D2FD9AD81D" box="[430,562,1835,1862]" collectionCode="GPIBo" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">GPIBo 116</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="EA039E99465FFFC8FDCEF8D2FDC5D81E" box="[579,621,1836,1862]" collectionCode="GPIBo" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">117</specimenCode>
|
||
), incomplete adolescent shells from the
|
||
<location id="BF7A6039465FFFC8FE10F8B3FDF5D83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01:BF7A6039465FFFC8FE10F8B3FDF5D83E" box="[413,605,1868,1895]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Hollendarbukta" name="upper Paleocene" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">upper Paleocene</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="BF7A6039465FFFC8FDE1F8B2FF1CD8DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01:BF7A6039465FFFC8FDE1F8B2FF1CD8DF" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Hollendarbukta" name="Basilika Formation" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Basilika Formation</location>
|
||
, locality
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07465FFFC8FEA5F893FEDED8DF" box="[296,374,1901,1928]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3188D1D1465FFFC8FEA5F893FEDED8DF" box="[296,374,1901,1928]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
west of
|
||
<location id="BF7A6039465FFFC8FE65F893FD23D8DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F4465FFFCBFFEFF9C0FDADDB01:BF7A6039465FFFC8FE65F893FD23D8DF" box="[488,651,1901,1927]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Hollendarbukta" name="Trigonometric" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Trigonometric</location>
|
||
point 25,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5A7EAC98465FFFC8FFEFF873FEBED8FF" box="[98,278,1933,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Hollendarbukta</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="537B4E6E465FFFC8FEACF873FE00D8FF" box="[289,424,1933,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Spitsbergen</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672465FFFC8FE3EF873FDB2D8FF" box="[435,538,1933,1959]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FCA5FA1CFADBDAA4" blockId="5.[808,1395,1505,1532]" box="[808,1395,1505,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FCA5FA1CFC64DAA3" box="[808,972,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27465FFFC8FC63FA1FFB96DAA3" box="[1006,1086,1505,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">GPIBo</collectionCode>
|
||
117: H,
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07465FFFC8FB17FA1FFB45DAA4" box="[1178,1261,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; W,
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07465FFFC8FA93FA1FFAC7DAA4" box="[1310,1391,1505,1532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465FFFC8FCA5F9F3FC55D8FF" blockId="5.[808,1481,1548,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465FFFC8FCA5F9F3FC1DD97E" box="[808,949,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
—Shell elongate, largest specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27465FFFC8FACBF9F2FA3BD97E" box="[1350,1427,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">GPIBo</collectionCode>
|
||
117) consists of seven whorls. Whorl flanks moderately inflated with neither keel nor knobs. Ornamentation consists of opisthocline, well-expressed but blunt axial ribs, which disappear at demarcation between lateral flank and base. Demarcation continuous with no sharp angulation. Both lateral flank and base ornamented by numerous delicate spiral ribs. Aperture not preserved, only specimen with piece of single straight digit of outer lip preserved has been illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465FFFC8FA0AF8F3FCC0D81F" author="Gripp, K." pageId="5" pageNumber="106" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp (1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 6: 8, 9), but this specimen was poorly preserved and collection did not survive 2
|
||
<superScript id="4DD09BAA465FFFC8FBEEF8B5FBDFD804" attach="left" box="[1123,1143,1867,1884]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">nd</superScript>
|
||
World War (Ulrich Kotthoff, personal communication 2015). No trace of ascending whorl has been observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2465CFFCBFF1AFF60FDADDB01" blockId="6.[151,825,158,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFF1AFF60FF51DFE0" box="[151,249,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—The adolescent aporrhaid shells from Isfjorden display characters observed in three Paleogene species, but due to the lack of well-preserved diagnostic characters of the adult expanded outer lip, it is difficult to attribute it to any of these species with confidence. The three species in question are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFF72FEC0FDD3DE01" authority="Koenen, 1885" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[255,635,318,345]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFF72FEC0FE7ADE00" box="[255,466,318,344]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Aporrhais gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFE56FEC1FDD3DE01" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[475,635,318,345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFD04FEC1FE96DE21" authority="(Morris, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bowerbankii">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFD04FEC1FC90DE00" box="[649,824,318,345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A. bowerbankii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFF12FEA0FE9EDE21" author="Morris, J." box="[159,310,350,377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="264 - 268" refId="ref32923" refString="Morris, J. 1852. Description of some fossil shells from the lower Thanet Sands. Geological Society of London Quaterly Journal 8: 264 - 268." type="journal article" year="1852">Morris, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFEF0FEA1FD66DE20" authority="Gardner, 1884" authorityName="Gardner" authorityYear="1884" box="[381,718,350,377]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triangulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFEF0FEA1FDB7DE20" box="[381,543,350,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A. triangulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFDA5FEA0FD66DE20" author="Gardner, J. S." box="[552,718,350,376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="529 - 534" refId="ref28571" refString="Gardner, J. S. 1884. British Eocene Aporrhaidae. Geological Magazine. Decade III 1: 529 - 534." type="journal article" year="1884">Gardner, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The former two are from the Paleocene, while the latter is early Eocene in age. All three have similar early whorls; a tall, elongate teleoconch without keel or knobs and without an ascending last whorl; and differ mostly in the morphology of the terminal whorl and its outer lip, characters not preserved in the aporrhaid from Isfjorden.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFDD2FDE0FC90DD60" author="Vonderbank, K." box="[607,824,542,568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="5 - 119" refId="ref37378" refString="Vonderbank, K. (ed.) 1970. Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitsbergens. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 153: 5 - 119." type="journal article" year="1970">Vonderbank (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attributed the specimens from the Paleocene of Spitsbergen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFF34FDA1FE9BDD20" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[185,307,606,633]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFF34FDA1FE9BDD20" box="[185,307,606,633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known to occur in the Selandian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672465CFFCBFF36FD80FE8EDDC0" box="[187,294,638,664]" name="Denmark" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFEB7FD80FE71DDC1" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[314,473,638,665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFE67FD80FC99DDC0" author="Schnetler, K. I. & Nielsen, M. S." box="[490,817,638,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="3 - 81" refId="ref35231" refString="Schnetler, K. I. and Nielsen, M. S. 2018. A Palaeocene (Selandian) molluscan fauna from boulders of Kerteminde Marl in the gravel-pit at Gundstrup, Fyn, Denmark. Cainozoic Research 18: 3 - 81." type="journal article" year="2018">Schnetler and Nielsen 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) under the generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFE33FD60FD4ADDE0" authority="Philippi, 1836" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1836" box="[446,738,670,696]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Chenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFE33FD60FD98DDE0" box="[446,560,670,696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Chenopus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFDB0FD60FD4ADDE0" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[573,738,670,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" refId="ref34080" refString="Philippi, R. A. 1836. Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae. 303 pp. S. Schroppii, Berolini." type="book" year="1836">Philippi, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a junior objective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFDABFD40FD30DD80" authorityName="da Costa" authorityYear="1778" box="[550,664,702,728]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFDABFD40FD30DD80" box="[550,664,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Aporrhais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It seems indeed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFE85FD21FED7DDA0" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[264,383,734,761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFE85FD21FED7DDA0" box="[264,383,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar species, but due to its fragmentary preservation we prefer to leave the species from the Paleocene of Spitsbergen in open nomenclature. Another similar but poorly preserved aporrhaid-like specimen from Fossildalen has been illustrated and decribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13465CFFCBFF1AFC81FE8DDCC1" author="Hagg, R." box="[151,293,894,921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the neogastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFD96FC81FD20DCC1" box="[539,648,895,921]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Nassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFD96FC81FDC8DCC0" box="[539,608,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Nassa</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
This specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27465CFFCBFF12FC60FEA5DCE0" box="[159,269,926,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">NRM-PZ</collectionCode>
|
||
Mo149182;
|
||
<figureCitation id="229E2A67465CFFCBFE2DFC60FE51DCE0" box="[416,505,926,952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,1373,1395]" captionTargetBox="[98,1481,160,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-217@5.[98,1481,160,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.4.Aporrhaid and scaphandrid gastropods from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, locality 500 m west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta (A, B, D) and Fossildalen (C), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A, B. Aporrhais cf. gracilis Koenen, 1885, GPIBo 117 (A) and GPIBo 116 (B) in lateral (A1, B1) and apical (A2, B2) views.C.?Aporrhais cf.gracilis Koenen, 1885, identified by Hägg (1925) as Nassa sp., NRM-PZ Mo 149182 in apical (C1), lateral C2) and latero-apertural (C3) views. D. Ellipsoscapha sp. GPIBo 115 in apertural (D1), lateral (D2), apical (D3), and abapical (D4) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980908/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
herein) is an inner mould with traces of spiral ornamentation resembling the one of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFF1AFC21FE9FDCA0" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,311,990,1017]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFF1AFC21FF18DCA1" box="[151,176,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">A.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFF6CFC20FE9FDCA0" box="[225,311,990,1016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it seems to be wider and slightly less elongate. We refrain from any further identification of this specimen and provisionally we leave it as a doubtful aporrhaid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61465CFFCBFE86FBC0FE56DB00" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[267,510,1086,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFE86FBC0FED6DB00" box="[267,382,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Aporrhais</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0465CFFCBFE25FBC0FE56DB00" box="[424,510,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |