688 lines
90 KiB
XML
688 lines
90 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10986907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614654FFC3FCD3F9C9FA31D90C" ID-CoL="7SZVM" authority="(Anderson, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[862,1433,1591,1620]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF04654FFC3FCD3F9C9FB07D90C" box="[862,1199,1591,1620]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134654FFC3FB4DF9C9FA38D90C" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[1216,1424,1591,1620]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" pagination="89 - 101" refId="ref25056" refString="Anderson, H. - J. 1970. Pelecypoda. In: K. Vonderbank (ed.), Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitzbergens. Norsk Polarinstituts Skrifter 153: 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F2BF65694654FFC3FCD3F99AFC7AD921" box="[862,978,1636,1658]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E24654FFC3FCD3F99AFC7AD921" blockId="14.[862,978,1636,1658]" box="[862,978,1636,1658]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<figureCitation id="229E2A674654FFC3FCD3F99AFC02D921" box="[862,938,1636,1658]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[98,131,727,749]" captionTargetBox="[99,1480,160,704]" captionTargetId="figure-681@15.[165,1401,187,698]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 11. Schematic illustration of Rhacothyas spitzbergensis (Anderson, 1970) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, showing morphological features discussed. Right valve, outer (A1) and inner (A2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980924/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="229E2A674654FFC3FC39F99AFC66D921" box="[948,974,1636,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[808,841,1797,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-9@16.[153,1533,162,1797]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 12. Thyasirid bivalve Rhacothyas spitzbergensis (Anderson, 1970) from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen (A, F, G) and Fossildalen (B–E), Spitsbergen, Svalbard. A. NRM-PZ Mo183968, shell, right valve (A1), dorsal view of a right valve showing posterior sulcus (A2), oblique anterior view showing small lunule (A3). B. NRM-PZ Mo 183970, shell, left valve view. C. NRM-PZ Mo 149144, partial shell, →" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986839/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">12</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F2BF65694654FFC3FCD3F975FA71D9A2" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E24654FFC3FCD3F975FA99D9F9" blockId="14.[862,1529,1675,1786]" box="[862,1329,1675,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AB511CC4654FFC3FCD3F975FA99D9F9" box="[862,1329,1675,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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1925
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||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614654FFC3FC19F972FBB9D9F9" box="[916,1041,1676,1697]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF04654FFC3FC19F972FC7FD9F9" box="[916,983,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Lucina</emphasis>
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spec.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3B0410F34654FFC3FB97F972FB02D9F9" author="Hagg, R." box="[1050,1194,1675,1697]" page="46" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134654FFC3FB97F972FB02D9F9" author="Hagg, R." box="[1050,1194,1675,1697]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg 1925: 46</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3: 10a, 11
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E24654FFC3FCD3F957FA96D9E6" blockId="14.[862,1529,1675,1786]" box="[862,1342,1704,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AB511CC4654FFC3FCD3F957FA96D9E6" box="[862,1342,1704,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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1927
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<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614654FFC3FC19F956FB9DD9E6" box="[916,1077,1704,1726]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF04654FFC3FC19F956FC41D9E5" box="[916,1001,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Thyasira</emphasis>
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spec. 2
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="3B0410F34654FFC3FBB3F956FB7BD9E6" author="Gripp, K." box="[1086,1235,1704,1726]" page="32" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134654FFC3FBB3F956FB7BD9E6" author="Gripp, K." box="[1086,1235,1704,1726]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp 1927: 32</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 7: 18a.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E24654FFC3FCD3F93BFA71D9A2" blockId="14.[862,1529,1675,1786]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9AB511CC4654FFC3FCD3F93BFA71D9A2" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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1970
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614654FFC3FC19F93BFB2DD982" authority="Hryniewicz & Amano & Bitner & Hagström & Kiel & Klompmaker & Mörs & Robins & Kaim, 2019" authorityName="Hryniewicz & Amano & Bitner & Hagström & Kiel & Klompmaker & Mörs & Robins & Kaim" authorityYear="2019" box="[916,1157,1733,1754]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04654FFC3FC19F93BFB2DD982" box="[916,1157,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Anodontia spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="93E2578B4654FFC3FB06F938FB69D983" box="[1163,1217,1734,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3B0410F34654FFC3FB47F93BFA2CD983" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[1226,1412,1733,1755]" page="95" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134654FFC3FB47F93BFA2CD983" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[1226,1412,1733,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" pagination="89 - 101" refId="ref25056" refString="Anderson, H. - J. 1970. Pelecypoda. In: K. Vonderbank (ed.), Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitzbergens. Norsk Polarinstituts Skrifter 153: 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson 1970: 95</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9: 8a–c. 2016 Myrteinae sp.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134654FFC3FBA9F91CFAABD9A0" author="Hryniewicz, K. & Bitner, M. A. & Durska, E. & Hagstrom, J. & Hjalmarsdottir H. R. & Jenkins, R. G. & Little, C. T. S. & Miyajima, Y. & Nakrem, H. A. & Kaim, A." box="[1060,1283,1762,1784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref29314" refString="Hryniewicz, K., Bitner, M. A., Durska, E., Hagstrom, J., Hjalmarsdottir H. R., Jenkins, R. G., Little, C. T. S., Miyajima, Y., Nakrem, H. A., and Kaim, A. 2016. Paleocene methane seep and wood-fall marine environments from Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 462: 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="2016">Hryniewicz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: table 2, fig. 12B
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–B
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<subScript id="262134A74654FFC3FA46F912FA71D9A2" attach="left" box="[1483,1497,1772,1786]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">3.</subScript>
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<paragraph id="BA1A36E24654FFC2FCD3F8F4FF63DC9B" blockId="14.[862,1535,1802,1960]" lastBlockId="15.[98,772,808,963]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="88D1EAF04654FFC3FCD3F8F4FC16D87C" box="[862,958,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Material</emphasis>
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.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0ACD3CBF4654FFC2FC53F8F4FF63DC9B" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" elevation="500" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" location="upper Paleocene" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" specimenCode="GPIBo 157" specimenCount="49" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="651E88404654FFC3FC53F8F4FBEFD87C" box="[990,1095,1802,1828]" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="EA039E994654FFC3FBDAF8F4FB7FD87D" box="[1111,1239,1802,1829]" collectionCode="GPIBo" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">GPIBo 157</specimenCode>
|
||
), relatively well preserved shell, from the
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394654FFC3FB8CF8D5FB10D81D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394654FFC3FB8CF8D5FB10D81D" box="[1025,1208,1835,1861]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="upper Paleocene" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">upper Paleocene</location>
|
||
, locality 500 m west of
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394654FFC3FA34F8D5FC69D83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394654FFC3FA34F8D5FC69D83E" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="Trigonometric" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Trigonometric</location>
|
||
point 25,
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394654FFC3FBB2F8B2FB58D83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394654FFC3FBB2F8B2FB58D83E" box="[1087,1264,1868,1894]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="Hollendarbukta" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Hollendarbukta</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394654FFC3FA8DF8B2FA2DD83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394654FFC3FA8DF8B2FA2DD83E" box="[1280,1413,1868,1894]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="Spitsbergen" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Spitsbergen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B276724654FFC3FA18F8B2FA53D83E" box="[1429,1531,1868,1894]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="ACA3FD6B4654FFC3FCD3F893FC56D8DE" box="[862,1022,1900,1927]" count="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, mostly internal molds (including NRM-PZ Mo 149144, 149145, 182205, 182205a, 183970) from the
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394654FFC2FA54F870FF56DC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394654FFC2FA54F870FF56DC1A" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="upper Paleocene" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
|
||
upper
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394655FFC2FF03FCD6FE0DDC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394655FFC2FF03FCD6FE0DDC1A" box="[142,421,808,834]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="Paleocene of Fossildalen" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Paleocene of Fossildalen</location>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394655FFC2FE3EFCD6FD9FDC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394655FFC2FE3EFCD6FD9FDC1A" box="[435,567,808,834]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="Spitsbergen" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Spitsbergen</location>
|
||
, Svalbard; and
|
||
<specimenCount id="ACA3FD6B4655FFC2FD65FCD6FF71DC3A" count="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, mostly shells (including NRM-PZ Mo 183958, 183968, 183969, 183970, 183971, 183974, 186243, 186244) from the
|
||
<location id="BF7A60394655FFC2FF4AFC77FED4DCFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:320C87F44654FFDCFCD3F9C9FB4DDACB:BF7A60394655FFC2FF4AFC77FED4DCFB" box="[199,380,905,931]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Spitsbergen" municipality="Paleocene of Zachariassendalen" name="upper Paleocene" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
upper
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5A7EAC984655FFC2FE81FC77FDC7DCFB" box="[268,623,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Paleocene of Zachariassendalen</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="537B4E6E4655FFC2FDF7FC77FD57DCFB" box="[634,767,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Spitsbergen</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Svalbard.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EEDA666A4655FFC2FFEFFD29FC2FDC51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980924/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" startId="15.[98,131,727,749]" targetBox="[99,1480,160,704]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FFEFFD29FC2FDC51" blockId="15.[98,1481,727,780]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Fig. 11. Schematic illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FE11FD29FC9FDDB6" authority="(Anderson, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[412,823,727,750]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FE11FD29FD26DDB4" box="[412,654,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FD16FD29FC9ADDB6" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[667,818,727,750]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="89 - 101" refId="ref25056" refString="Anderson, H. - J. 1970. Pelecypoda. In: K. Vonderbank (ed.), Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitzbergens. Norsk Polarinstituts Skrifter 153: 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, showing morphological features discussed. Right valve, outer (A
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FD23FD00FD1EDC54" attach="left" box="[686,694,766,780]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">1</subScript>
|
||
) and inner (A
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FCBBFD00FC96DC54" attach="right" box="[822,830,766,780]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">2</subScript>
|
||
) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FFEFFC2AFEB7DB56" blockId="15.[98,770,979,1038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FFEFFC2AFEAEDCB5" box="[98,262,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
.—L,
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FEC4FC2AFE74DCB6" box="[329,476,980,1006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0799999999999998" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="0.47" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="10.799999999999999" valueMax="16.9" valueMin="4.7">4.7–16.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; H,
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FD86FC2DFD09DCB6" box="[523,673,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="15.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="9.75" valueMax="15.3" valueMin="4.2">4.2–15.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; W,
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FD5EFC2AFF6FDB56" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1– 10.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; n = 27.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F2BF65694655FFDCFFEFFBE1FB4DDACB" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FFEFFBE1FD79D963" blockId="15.[98,771,1055,1595]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FFEFFBE1FF4FDB60" box="[98,231,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.—Shell thin, luciniform, longer than high, of normal inflation, with umbones located centrally or slightly towards anterior. Beaks prosogyrate, anterodorsal margin concave with small, sunken lunule. Anterodorsal margin of some specimens with weak angulation. Anterior shell margin rounded, passing smoothly into convex ventral margin. Posterior margin truncated, with no sinus visible. Posterodorsal margin slightly convex, accompanied by weak sulcus located very close to posterodorsal margin. External ornament of raised, narrowly spaced commarginal lamellae. Hinge edentulous. Anterior adductor muscle scar elongated along pallial line, transversally striated, posterior adductor muscle scar positioned close to lower part of posterodorsal shell margin, transverally striated. Anterior pedal retractor muscle scars small, rounded, separated from anterior adductor muscle scars. Ligament sunken, relatively long, occupying approx. half of length of posterodorsal shell margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FFEFF9B2FAFBDCFE" blockId="15.[98,771,1612,1960]" lastBlockId="15.[808,1481,808,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FFEFF9B2FF6CD93E" box="[98,196,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—The species discussed was initially attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FFEFF993FF18D9DE" authorityName="Bruguiere" authorityYear="1797" box="[98,176,1645,1670]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FFEFF993FF18D9DE" box="[98,176,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Lucina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FF5AF992FECCD9DF" author="Hagg, R." box="[215,356,1644,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the paper following shortly thereafter,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FF2BF972FE92D9FE" author="Gripp, K." box="[166,314,1676,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included the same species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FD1AF972FD54D9FE" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[663,764,1676,1702]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FD1AF972FD54D9FE" box="[663,764,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Thyasira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FF5CF952FEC0D99E" author="Gripp, K." box="[209,360,1708,1734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not comment on the previous identification by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FEA3F933FE6AD9BF" author="Hagg, R." box="[302,450,1740,1767]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The contents of the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FF0CF912FEBDD85F" author="Gripp, K." box="[129,277,1772,1799]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="3 - 38" refId="ref28977" refString="Gripp, K. 1927. Beitrage zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg 21: 3 - 38." type="journal article" year="1927">Gripp (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show that he was aware of the preceeding paper of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FF48F8F3FEFBD87F" author="Hagg, R." box="[197,339,1804,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; therefore, it is unclear why he did not comment on the previous identification.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FDB0F8D3FD56D81F" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[573,766,1837,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="89 - 101" refId="ref25056" refString="Anderson, H. - J. 1970. Pelecypoda. In: K. Vonderbank (ed.), Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitzbergens. Norsk Polarinstituts Skrifter 153: 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the other hand, identified this Paleocene form from Spitsbergen as a new species of the lucinid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FD01F893FF76D8FF" authority="Link, 1807" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FD01F893FCAAD8DF" box="[652,770,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Anodontia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FFEFF873FF76D8FF" author="Link, H. F." box="[98,222,1933,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" refId="ref31703" refString="Link, H. F. 1807. Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universitat Rostock. 3 Abteilung. 101 - 165. Adlers Erben, Rostock." type="book" year="1807">Link, 1807</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the outer shell shape and information on the edentulous hinge provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FB58FCD7FA39DC1B" author="Hagg, R." box="[1237,1425,808,835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="39 - 55" refId="ref29069" refString="Hagg, R. 1925. A new Tertiary fauna from Spitsbergen. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 20: 39 - 55." type="journal article" year="1925">Hägg (1925: 46)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species was subsequently classified as an unnamed myrtein lucinid by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FC2CFC94FB1CDCDD" author="Hryniewicz, K. & Bitner, M. A. & Durska, E. & Hagstrom, J. & Hjalmarsdottir H. R. & Jenkins, R. G. & Little, C. T. S. & Miyajima, Y. & Nakrem, H. A. & Kaim, A." box="[929,1204,874,901]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref29314" refString="Hryniewicz, K., Bitner, M. A., Durska, E., Hagstrom, J., Hjalmarsdottir H. R., Jenkins, R. G., Little, C. T. S., Miyajima, Y., Nakrem, H. A., and Kaim, A. 2016. Paleocene methane seep and wood-fall marine environments from Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 462: 41 - 56." type="journal article" year="2016">Hryniewicz et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on overall luciniform shape and the fine, commarginal ornament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FCC3FC52FA60D986" blockId="15.[808,1481,808,1758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Here we argue that this species, with its luciniform shell, small and sunken lunule, edentulouse hinge, long and sunken ligament, and weak posterior sulcus, belongs to the luciniform thyasirid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FBD9FBF1FA04DB71" authority="Astrom and Oliver" authorityName="Astrom and Oliver" box="[1108,1452,1039,1067]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FBD9FBF1FB7FDB71" box="[1108,1239,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Rhacothyas</emphasis>
|
||
Åström and Oliver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FCA5FBCFFC56DB12" author="Astrom, E. K. L. & Oliver, P. G. & Carroll, M. L." box="[808,1022,1072,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="402 - 416" refId="ref25154" refString="Astrom, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., and Carroll, M. L. 2017. A new genus and two new species of Thyasiridae associated with methane seeps off Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Marine Biology Research 13: 402 - 416." type="journal article" year="2017">Åström et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The sole modern species of the genus is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FCA5FBAFFB79DB33" authority="Astrom and Oliver" authorityName="Astrom and Oliver" box="[808,1233,1105,1133]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kolgae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FCA5FBAFFC53DB33" box="[808,1019,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Rhacothyas kolgae</emphasis>
|
||
Åström and Oliver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FB79FBACFA6DDB33" author="Astrom, E. K. L. & Oliver, P. G. & Carroll, M. L." box="[1268,1477,1105,1133]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="402 - 416" refId="ref25154" refString="Astrom, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., and Carroll, M. L. 2017. A new genus and two new species of Thyasiridae associated with methane seeps off Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Marine Biology Research 13: 402 - 416." type="journal article" year="2017">Åström et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from the cold seeps off Prins Karls Forland in the North Atlantic (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FC39FB6CFC50DBF5" box="[948,1016,1170,1197]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FB19FB6DFACFDBF5" box="[1172,1383,1171,1197]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kolgae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FB19FB6DFACFDBF5" box="[1172,1383,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Rhacothyas kolgae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is somewhat larger (
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FC38FB4AFC42DB89" attach="left" box="[949,1002,1204,1233]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Lmax</subScript>
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FC7CFB4AFBFBDB96" box="[1009,1107,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="27.7">27.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and has a more sloping posterodorsal margin, with a deeper sulcus than the current species, but its general morphology is very similar, with a somewhat stronger posterior sulcus and more incurved umbones than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FA3CFAE9FC6DDA0A" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FA3CFAE9FA6ADA68" box="[1457,1474,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FCA5FAC6FC6DDA0A" box="[808,965,1336,1362]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other luciniform thyasirid bivalves from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems comprise “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FA81FAA6FAA2DACC" authority="Okutani, Fujikura, and Kojima, 1999" authorityName="Okutani, Fujikura, and Kojima" authorityYear="1999" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Maorithyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hadalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FA81FAA6FA25DA2A" box="[1292,1421,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Maorithyas</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FA2EFAA6FCF6DACB" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">hadalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FCEBFA87FAA2DACC" author="Okutani, T. & Fujikura, K. & Kojima, S." box="[870,1290,1401,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref33727" refString="Okutani, T., Fujikura, K., and Kojima, S. 1999. Two new hadal bivalves of the family Thyasiridae from the plate convergent area of the Japan Trench. Venus 58: 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1999">Okutani, Fujikura, and Kojima, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from a methane seep in the trench off northern Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B276724655FFC2FB69FA65FA8BDAED" box="[1252,1315,1435,1461]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FABCFA64FA2DDAED" box="[1329,1413,1434,1461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.326" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="7326.0">7326 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FCF5FA45FBF3DA8E" author="Fujikura, K. & Kojima, S. & Tamaki, K. & Maki, Y. & Hunt, J. & Okutani, T." box="[888,1115,1467,1494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="17 - 26" refId="ref28407" refString="Fujikura, K., Kojima, S., Tamaki, K., Maki, Y., Hunt, J., and Okutani, T. 1999. The deepest chemosynthesis-based community yet discovered from the hadal zone, 7326 m deep, in the Japan Trench. Marine Ecology Progress Series 190: 17 - 26." type="book chapter" year="1999">Fujikura et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FB1BFA45FA6DDA8E" author="Valentich-Scott, P. & Powell II, C. L. & Lorenson, T. D. & Edwards, D. E." box="[1174,1477,1467,1494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="11 - 26" refId="ref37251" refString="Valentich-Scott, P., Powell II, C. L., Lorenson, T. D., and Edwards, D. E. 2014. A new genus and species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from deep water, Beaufort Sea, northern Alaska. ZooKeys 462: 11 - 26." type="journal article" year="2014">Valentich-Scott et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FCA5FA20FBA8DAAF" author="Astrom, E. K. L. & Oliver, P. G. & Carroll, M. L." box="[808,1024,1500,1529]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="402 - 416" refId="ref25154" refString="Astrom, E. K. L., Oliver, P. G., and Carroll, M. L. 2017. A new genus and two new species of Thyasiridae associated with methane seeps off Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Marine Biology Research 13: 402 - 416." type="journal article" year="2017">Åström et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for discussion of the systematic placement of this species), has a weakly defined lunule and a much shorter ligament than the species from Spitsbergen discussed here.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FCE3F9C1FB51D901" authority="Oliver, 2014" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="2014" box="[878,1273,1599,1625]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Ochetoctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FCE3F9C1FBFFD901" box="[878,1111,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Ochetoctena tomasi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FBE8F9C1FB51D901" author="Oliver, P. G." box="[1125,1273,1599,1625]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref33769" refString="Oliver, P. G. 2014. " Tubular gills " Extreme gill modification in the Thyasiroidea with the description of Ochetoctena tomasi gen. et sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea). Zoosystematics and Evolution 90: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2014">Oliver, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Regab Pockmark seeps in the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B276724655FFC2FB1EF99EFB40D922" box="[1171,1256,1632,1658]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, equatorial Atlantic (
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B074655FFC2FCA2F97FFCD7D9C4" box="[815,895,1665,1692]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.167" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="3167.0">3167 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth), the sole species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FB64F97FFCF7D9E4" authority="Oliver, 2014" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="2014" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Ochetoctena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FB64F97FFADFD9C3" box="[1257,1399,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Ochetoctena</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FAF0F97FFCF7D9E4" author="Oliver, P. G." pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref33769" refString="Oliver, P. G. 2014. " Tubular gills " Extreme gill modification in the Thyasiroidea with the description of Ochetoctena tomasi gen. et sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea). Zoosystematics and Evolution 90: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2014">Oliver, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is very similar in shape to the Paleocene species from Spitsbergen. However, it has periostracal spines on the outer
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EEDA666A4655FFC2FCA5F8FBFA46D8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10986839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986839/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" startId="15.[808,841,1797,1819]" targetBox="[153,1533,162,1797]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FCA5F8FBFA61D86E" blockId="15.[808,1518,1797,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Fig. 12. Thyasirid bivalve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D614655FFC2FBA5F8FBFA60D843" authority="(Anderson, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1064,1480,1797,1819]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FBA5F8FBFAB4D842" box="[1064,1308,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B134655FFC2FAA6F8FBFA6BD843" author="Anderson, H. - J." box="[1323,1475,1797,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" pagination="89 - 101" refId="ref25056" refString="Anderson, H. - J. 1970. Pelecypoda. In: K. Vonderbank (ed.), Geologie und Fauna der tertiaren Ablagerungen Zentral-Spitzbergens. Norsk Polarinstituts Skrifter 153: 89 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Anderson, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Paleocene, Basilika Formation, Zachariassendalen (A, F,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E24655FFC2FCA5F8C3FA46D8FD" blockId="15.[808,1518,1797,1959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
G) and Fossildalen (B–E), Spitsbergen, Svalbard.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FB67F8C2FB52D809" bold="true" box="[1258,1274,1852,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo183968, shell, right valve (A
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FC52F89DFC4FD829" attach="left" box="[991,999,1891,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">1</subScript>
|
||
), dorsal view of a right valve showing posterior sulcus (A
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FCEBF881FCC6D8D5" attach="left" box="[870,878,1919,1933]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">2</subScript>
|
||
), oblique anterior view showing small lunule (A
|
||
<subScript id="262134A74655FFC2FAB4F881FAE9D8D5" attach="left" box="[1337,1345,1919,1933]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">3</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FADBF88BFACDD8D2" bold="true" box="[1366,1381,1909,1930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 183970, shell, left valve view.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF04655FFC2FBE4F86EFBD1D8FE" bold="true" box="[1129,1145,1936,1958]" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 149144, partial shell, →
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464AFFDDFF1AF8DEFD74D8FE" blockId="16.[151,1535,1824,1958]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">
|
||
right (C
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFF53F8D4FF4ED860" attach="left" box="[222,230,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
) and left (C
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFEDEF8D4FEF3D860" attach="left" box="[339,347,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
|
||
) valve views, dorsal view, showing partially preserved internal ligament (C
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFB8BF8D4FBA6D860" attach="left" box="[1030,1038,1834,1848]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">3</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464AFFDDFBACF8DEFB99D86D" bold="true" box="[1057,1073,1824,1845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">D</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 182205, internal mold.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464AFFDDFA02F8DEFA36D86D" bold="true" box="[1423,1438,1824,1845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">E</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 182205a, internal mold. Left valves (D
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFD92F8B8FD8FD80C" attach="left" box="[543,551,1862,1876]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
, E
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFDCCF8B8FDE1D80C" attach="left" box="[577,585,1862,1876]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
), same valves with outlined positions of anterior (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27464AFFDDFB9FF8C2FBFED80A" box="[1042,1110,1852,1874]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">AAMS</collectionCode>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27464AFFDDFB68F8C2FA8CD80A" box="[1253,1316,1852,1874]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">PAMS</collectionCode>
|
||
) adductor muscle scars, anterior (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27464AFFDDFF65F8A6FE90D836" box="[232,312,1880,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">APRMS</collectionCode>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<collectionCode id="DCB4AE27464AFFDDFE4EF8A6FDA7D836" box="[451,527,1880,1902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">PPRMS</collectionCode>
|
||
) pedal retractor muscle scars, and pallial line (D
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFC33F89CFC6ED828" attach="left" box="[958,966,1890,1904]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
|
||
, E
|
||
<subScript id="262134A7464AFFDDFC53F89CFC4ED828" attach="left" box="[990,998,1890,1904]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464AFFDDFC75F8A6FBAED835" bold="true" box="[1016,1030,1880,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">F</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 186243, silicified shell, inner view of left valve, showing length of sunken ligament, and no cardinal dentition.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464AFFDDFC80F88DFCB7D8D1" bold="true" box="[781,799,1907,1929]" pageId="16" pageNumber="117">G</emphasis>
|
||
. NRM-PZ Mo 186244, silicified shell, inner view of right valve, showing length of sunken ligament, and no cardinal or anterior lateral dentition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464BFFDCFFEFFF60FE57DB9A" blockId="17.[98,772,158,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
shell surface not seen in the Spitsbergen material examined, and also less pronounced beaks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFE43FF41FCAADF80" authority="Oliver" authorityName="Oliver" box="[462,770,190,217]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Spinaxinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="emicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE43FF41FD1DDF80" box="[462,693,191,217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Spinaxinus emicatus</emphasis>
|
||
Oliver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF09FF21FEFBDFA1" author="Oliver, P. G. & Rodrigues, C. F. & Carney, R. & Duperron, S." box="[132,339,223,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="663 - 676" refId="ref33815" refString="Oliver, P. G., Rodrigues, C. F., Carney, R., and Duperron, S. 2013. Spinaxinus (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea) from sulfide biogenerators in the Gulf of Mexico and hydrothermal vents in the Fiji Back Arc: chemosymbiosis and taxonomy. Scientia Marina 77: 663 - 676." type="journal article" year="2013">Oliver et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from artificial sulfide biogenerators planted on the Louisiana slope (
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFE49FF01FDECDE42" box="[452,580,255,282]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.135" metricValueMax="6.43" metricValueMin="5.84" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="613.5" valueMax="643.0" valueMin="584.0">584–643 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth) has periostracal spines, less pronounced beaks and a resilifer that broadens towards the posterior.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFE45FEBEFCAADE02" authority="Oliver" authorityName="Oliver" box="[456,770,320,346]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Spinaxinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="phrixicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE45FEBEFD1CDE02" box="[456,692,320,346]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Spinaxinus phrixicus</emphasis>
|
||
Oliver
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFFF2FE9EFEE8DE22" author="Oliver, P. G. & Rodrigues, C. F. & Carney, R. & Duperron, S." box="[127,320,352,378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="663 - 676" refId="ref33815" refString="Oliver, P. G., Rodrigues, C. F., Carney, R., and Duperron, S. 2013. Spinaxinus (Bivalvia: Thyasiroidea) from sulfide biogenerators in the Gulf of Mexico and hydrothermal vents in the Fiji Back Arc: chemosymbiosis and taxonomy. Scientia Marina 77: 663 - 676." type="journal article" year="2013">Oliver et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from hydrothermal vents in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFD23FE9EFD7BDE22" box="[686,723,352,378]" name="Fiji" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Lau Basins, equatorial Pacific (
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFE41FE7EFDCCDEC3" box="[460,612,384,411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9119999999999997" metricValueMax="1.9769999999999999" metricValueMin="1.847" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="1912.0" valueMax="1977.0" valueMin="1847.0">1847–1977 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth), in addition to periostracal spines has less pronounced beaks, a resilifer broadening towards the posterior, and commarginal ornament composed of broadly spaced commarginal lamellae, unlike the narrowly-spaced, raised lamellae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFFEFFDDCFE8ADD64" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[98,290,546,572]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFFEFFDDCFE8ADD64" box="[98,290,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">R. spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFEB9FDDCFF06DD04" authority="Valentich-Scott and Powell" authorityName="Valentich-Scott and Powell" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Wallerconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFEB9FDDCFDBFDD63" box="[308,535,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Wallerconcha sarae</emphasis>
|
||
Valentich-Scott and Powell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF59FDBCFDAFDD04" author="Valentich-Scott, P. & Powell II, C. L. & Lorenson, T. D. & Edwards, D. E." box="[212,519,578,604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="11 - 26" refId="ref37251" refString="Valentich-Scott, P., Powell II, C. L., Lorenson, T. D., and Edwards, D. E. 2014. A new genus and species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from deep water, Beaufort Sea, northern Alaska. ZooKeys 462: 11 - 26." type="journal article" year="2014">Valentich-Scott et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from a probable seep in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean (
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFE61FD9CFDE8DD25" box="[492,576,610,637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.358" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="2358.0">2358 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth), the sole species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFE83FD7CFD4BDDC4" authority="Valentich-Scott and Powell" authorityName="Valentich-Scott and Powell" box="[270,739,642,668]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Wallerconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE83FD7CFE00DDC4" box="[270,424,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Wallerconcha</emphasis>
|
||
Valentich-Scott and Powell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFFEFFD5DFE27DDE5" author="Valentich-Scott, P. & Powell II, C. L. & Lorenson, T. D. & Edwards, D. E." box="[98,399,675,701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="11 - 26" refId="ref37251" refString="Valentich-Scott, P., Powell II, C. L., Lorenson, T. D., and Edwards, D. E. 2014. A new genus and species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from deep water, Beaufort Sea, northern Alaska. ZooKeys 462: 11 - 26." type="journal article" year="2014">Valentich-Scott et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, has a less pronounced umbo and a straight to weakly concave ventral margin, as opposed to the evenly rounded ventral margin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFDB6FD1AFD53DDA5" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[571,763,739,765]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFDB6FD1AFD53DDA5" box="[571,763,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">R. spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFFEFFCFAFEE8DC45" box="[98,320,772,798]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Wallerconcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFFEFFCFAFEE8DC45" box="[98,320,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Wallerconcha sarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks a lunule and has a broad hinge plate with a deeper nymph, whereas the current species possesses a lunule and has a relatively narrow hinge plate. Small, luciniform specimens interpreted as juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFDD4FC9AFEEFDCC7" authority="(Conrad, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Conchocele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bisecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFDD4FC9AFF33DCC7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Conchocele bisecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF24FC7BFEE8DCC7" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[169,320,901,927]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="152 - 156" refId="ref26662" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1849. Description of new fresh water and marine shells. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4: 152 - 156." type="journal article" year="1849">Conrad, 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a cold seep off Paramushir Island, Sea of Okhotsk (~
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFEB8FC5BFE29DC98" box="[309,385,933,960]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFDA8FC5BFF31DC87" author="Kharlamenko, V. I. & Kamenev, G. M. & Kalachev, A. V. & Kiyashko, S. I. & Ivin, V. V." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="391 - 402" refId="ref30075" refString="Kharlamenko, V. I., Kamenev, G. M., Kalachev, A. V., Kiyashko, S. I., and Ivin, V. V. 2016. Thyasirid bivalves from the methane seep community off Paramushir Island (Sea of Okhotsk) and their nutrition. Journal of Molluscan Studies 82: 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="2016">Kharlamenko et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF42FC3BFE66DC87" author="Hryniewicz, K. & Amano, K. & Jenkins, R. G. & Kiel, S." box="[207,462,965,992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="705 - 728" refId="ref29272" refString="Hryniewicz, K., Amano, K., Jenkins, R. G., and Kiel, S. 2017. Thyasirid bivalves from Cretaceous and Paleogene cold seeps. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62: 705 - 728." type="journal article" year="2017">Hryniewicz et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for a discussion of nomenclatoral problems of extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFD9CFC1BFD3BDCA7" authorityName="Gabb" authorityYear="1866" box="[529,659,997,1023]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Conchocele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFD9CFC1BFD3BDCA7" box="[529,659,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Conchocele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are very similar in shape to the current species. However, the luciniform thyasirids from the Sea of Okhotsk are much smaller L
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFF0BFBB8FEB8DB39" box="[134,272,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="6.95" valueMax="8.4" valueMin="5.5">5.5–8.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than the current species (L
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFDEFFBB8FD5EDB39" box="[610,758,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0799999999999998" metricValueMax="1.69" metricValueMin="0.47" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="10.799999999999999" valueMax="16.9" valueMin="4.7">4.7–16.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
); at the shell length achieved by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFE31FB96FDD1DBD9" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[444,633,1127,1153]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE31FB96FE65DBD9" box="[444,461,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE56FB99FDD1DBD9" box="[475,633,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the shell of the thyasirid species from Sea of Okhotsk has a shape more similar to that of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFEF8FB59FE50DB99" authorityName="Gabb" authorityYear="1866" box="[373,504,1191,1217]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Conchocele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFEF8FB59FE50DB99" box="[373,504,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Conchocele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464BFFDCFF0AFB39FCAAD8F0" blockId="17.[98,772,158,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFF0AFB39FE13DBB9" ID-CoL="7SZVM" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[135,443,1223,1249]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFF0AFB39FE13DBB9" box="[135,443,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly does not belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFFEFFB16FF70DA5A" ID-CoL="7NP66" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[98,216,1256,1282]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFFEFFB16FF70DA5A" box="[98,216,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Anodontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a globular shell with short, weakly sloping anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins, and a curved ventral margin forming a deep arch continuous with anterior and posterior margins. In contrast, the Spitsbergen species has relatively long, sloping anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins, and a ventral margin forming a relatively shallow arch unlike that known from extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFDDBFA57FF25DABC" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFDDBFA57FD64DA9B" box="[598,716,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Anodontia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF10FA34FE1BDABD" author="Taylor, J. D. & Glover, E. A." box="[157,435,1482,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="281 - 338" refId="ref36781" refString="Taylor, J. D. and Glover, E. A. 2005. Cryptic diversity of chemosymbiotic bivalves: A systematic revision of worldwide Anodontia (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 3: 281 - 338." type="journal article" year="2005">Taylor and Glover 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is no reported occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFF4BFA14FE94D95C" ID-CoL="7NP66" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[198,316,1514,1540]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFF4BFA14FE94D95C" box="[198,316,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Anodontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
older than the Miocene (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFD19FA14FF31D97D" author="Ludbrook, N. H." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="219 - 233" refId="ref32016" refString="Ludbrook, N. H. 1959. A widespread Pliocene molluscan fauna with Anodontia in South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 82: 219 - 233." type="journal article" year="1959">Ludbrook 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF2EF9F5FF74D97D" author="Ludbrook, N. H." box="[163,220,1547,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref32049" refString="Ludbrook, N. H. 1978. Quaternary molluscs of the western part of the Eucla Basin. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 125: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFF6BF9F4FEDCD97C" author="Olsson, A. A." box="[230,372,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="ref33933" refString="Olsson, A. A. 1964. Neogene Mollusks from Northwestern Ecuador. 256 pp. Palaeontological Research Institution, Ithaca." type="book" year="1964">Olsson 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFEF2F9F4FD81D97D" author="Kiel, S. & Sami, M. & Taviani, M." box="[383,553,1546,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="569 - 577" refId="ref30693" refString="Kiel, S., Sami, M., and Taviani, M. 2018. A serpulid- Anodontia - dominated methane-seep deposit from the Miocene of northern Italy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63: 569 - 577." type="journal article" year="2018">Kiel et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Paleogene lucinid bivalves similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFEC9F9D5FE12D91D" ID-CoL="7NP66" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1807" box="[324,442,1579,1605]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Anodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFEC9F9D5FE12D91D" box="[324,442,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Anodontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have usually been assigned to different genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFE49F9B5FCA8D93D" ID-CoL="7P3HG" authority="Stewart, 1930" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1930" box="[452,768,1611,1637]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Eophysema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFE49F9B5FDEFD93D" box="[452,583,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Eophysema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFDDAF9B5FCA8D93D" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[599,768,1611,1637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref36653" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1930. Gabb's California Cretaceous and Tertiary type lamellibranchs. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Publications 3: 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1930">Stewart, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFFEFF995FF4CD9DD" ID-CoL="7P3HG" authorityName="Stewart" authorityYear="1930" box="[98,228,1643,1669]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Eophysema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFFEFF995FF4CD9DD" box="[98,228,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Eophysema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
encompasses species from the Eocene of the Gulf Coast,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFF7DF972FE82D9FE" box="[240,298,1676,1702]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFEE7F972FE1ED9FE" box="[362,438,1676,1702]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFE78F975FD27D9FD" author="Bretsky, S. S." box="[501,655,1675,1701]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="219 - 337" refId="ref26001" refString="Bretsky, S. S. 1976. Evolution and classification of the Lucinidae (Mollusca; Bivalvia). Palaeontographica Americana 7: 219 - 337." type="journal article" year="1976">Bretsky 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFD10F975FF15D99E" author="Taylor, J. D. & Glover, E. A. & Smith, L. & Dyal, P. & Williams, S. T." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="15 - 49" refId="ref36922" refString="Taylor, J. D., Glover, E. A., Smith, L., Dyal, P., and Williams, S. T. 2011. Molecular phylogeny and classification of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family Lucinidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 15 - 49." type="journal article" year="2011">Taylor et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a genus with relatively small species (L ≤
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFD65F952FF27D9BF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with a thin hinge plate; however, it has a globular shell and cardinal dentition, unlike the Paleocene specimen from Spitsbergen herein.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFEB2F8F3FF31D81F" authority="Adegoke, 1977" authorityName="Adegoke" authorityYear="1977" class="Bivalvia" genus="Afranodontia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marginidentana">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFEB2F8F3FD3AD87F" box="[319,658,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Afranodontia marginidentana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFD15F8F3FF31D81F" author="Adegoke, O. S." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 379" refId="ref24611" refString="Adegoke, O. S. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southwestern Nigeria. Bulletins of American Paleontology 71: 1 - 379." type="journal article" year="1977">Adegoke, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Paleocene Ewekoro Formation in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFD23F8D3FCAAD81F" box="[686,770,1837,1863]" name="Nigeria" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFFE4F8B3FEBBD83F" author="Adegoke, O. S." box="[105,275,1869,1895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 379" refId="ref24611" refString="Adegoke, O. S. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southwestern Nigeria. Bulletins of American Paleontology 71: 1 - 379." type="journal article" year="1977">Adegoke 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), exhibits cardinal dentition and marginal shell crenulations not known from the Paleocene species of Spitsbergen. Edentulous fossil seep lucinids identified
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464BFFDCFCA5FF61FB2ADC9B" blockId="17.[808,1482,159,1255]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
so far comprise Early Cretaceous–Oligocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFAC5FF61FC35DF81" ID-CoL="8PN2B" authority="Kiel, 2013" authorityName="Kiel" authorityYear="2013" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Amanocina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFAC5FF61FA61DFE1" box="[1352,1481,159,185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Amanocina</emphasis>
|
||
Kiel, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Eocene–Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBFFFF41FCC8DFA2" ID-CoL="BKGHS" authority="Gill and Little, 2013" authorityName="Gill and Little" authorityYear="2013" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Elongatolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBFFFF41FAB7DF81" box="[1138,1311,191,217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Elongatolucina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFAA9FF41FCC8DFA2" author="Gill, F. K. & Little, C. T. S." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="573 - 578" refId="ref28594" refString="Gill, F. K. and Little, C. T. S. 2013. A new genus of lucinid bivalves from hydrocarbon seeps. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58: 573 - 578." type="journal article" year="2013">Gill and Little, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Oligocene–Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBDEFF21FCF7DE42" authority="Kanie and Sakai, 1997" authorityName="Kanie and Sakai" authorityYear="1997" class="Bivalvia" family="Thraciidae" genus="Nipponothracia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBDEFF21FAADDFA1" box="[1107,1285,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Nipponothracia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFA86FF21FCF7DE42" author="Kanie, Y. & Sakai, T." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="205 - 220" refId="ref29887" refString="Kanie, Y. and Sakai, T. 1997. Chemosynthetic thraciid bivalve Nipponothracia, gen. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous and middle Miocene mudstones in Japan. Venus 56: 205 - 220." type="journal article" year="1997">Kanie and Sakai, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Oligocene–Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBCBFEFEFCCCDE63" ID-CoL="7P3CX" authority="Cosel and Bouchet, 2008" authorityName="Cosel and Bouchet" authorityYear="2008" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Elliptiolucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBCBFEFEFB48DE42" box="[1094,1248,256,282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Elliptiolucina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFB67FEFEFCCCDE63" author="Cosel, R. von & Bouchet, P." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="115 - 213" refId="ref26806" refString="Cosel, R. von and Bouchet, P. 2008. Tropical deep-water lucinids (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Indo-Pacific: essentially unknown, but diverse and occasionally gigantic. Memoires du Museum National du Histoire Naturelle 196: 115 - 213." type="journal article" year="2008">Cosel and Bouchet, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Miocene–Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBF2FEDEFC1EDE03" ID-CoL="7P8LY" authority="Bouchet and Cosel, 2004" authorityName="Bouchet and Cosel" authorityYear="2004" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Meganodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBF2FEDEFA8DDE62" box="[1151,1317,288,314]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Meganodontia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFABEFEDEFC1EDE03" author="Bouchet, P. & Cosel, R. von" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="704 - 711" refId="ref25965" refString="Bouchet, P. and Cosel, R. von 2004. The world's largest lucinid is an undescribed species from Taiwan (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Zoological Studies 43: 704 - 711." type="journal article" year="2004">Bouchet and Cosel, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Representatives of all five genera are much larger than the Spitsbergen species, exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFAC4FE9FFA00DE24" box="[1353,1448,353,380]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFCF2FE7CFBECDEC4" author="Kelly, S. R. A. & Blanc, E. & Price, S. P. & Witham, A. G." box="[895,1092,386,412]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="227 - 246" refId="ref29991" refString="Kelly, S. R. A., Blanc, E., Price, S. P., and Witham, A. G. 2000. Early Cretaceous giant bivalves from seep-related limestone mounds, Wollaston Foreland, Northeast Greenland. In: E. M. Harper, J. D. Taylor, and A. Crame (eds.), The Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia, 227 - 246. Geologial Society, London." type="book chapter" year="2000">Kelly et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kiel 2013). Among those genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCA5FE5CFC6ADEE4" ID-CoL="7P3CX" authorityName="Cosel and Bouchet" authorityYear="2008" box="[808,962,418,444]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Elliptiolucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCA5FE5CFC6ADEE4" box="[808,962,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Elliptiolucina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFC77FE5CFB0FDEE4" ID-CoL="BKGHS" authorityName="Gill and Little" authorityYear="2013" box="[1018,1191,418,444]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Elongatolucina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFC77FE5CFB0FDEE4" box="[1018,1191,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Elongatolucina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have characteristic, elongate shells, very different from the oval shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFAC8FE3CFC60DEA5" ID-CoL="7SZVM" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFAC8FE3CFC60DEA5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB46FE1DFAC7DEA5" ID-CoL="7P8LY" authorityName="Bouchet and Cosel" authorityYear="2004" box="[1227,1391,483,509]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Meganodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB46FE1DFAC7DEA5" box="[1227,1391,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Meganodontia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very large and globular (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFBC8FDFDFAE1DD46" author="Kiel, S. & Taviani, M." box="[1093,1353,515,542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="444 - 466" refId="ref30455" refString="Kiel, S. and Taviani, M. 2017. Chemosymbiotic bivalvies from Miocene methane-seep carbonates in Italy. Journal of Paleontology 91: 444 - 466." type="journal article" year="2017">Kiel and Taviani 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFADAFDFAFC38DD67" author="Amano, K. & Little, C. T. S. & Campbell, K. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="371 - 382" refId="ref24999" refString="Amano, K., Little, C. T. S., and Campbell, K. A. 2018 b. Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island of New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63: 371 - 382." type="journal article" year="2018">Amano et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also unlike that of the current species. Seep lucinids with a similarly shaped shell with dentition comprise the Late Jurassic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBCBFD9BFC7BDDC7" authority="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard, 2010" authorityName="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard" authorityYear="2010" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Beauvoisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBCBFD9BFB7ADD26" box="[1094,1234,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Beauvoisina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFB50FD9BFC7BDDC7" author="Kiel, S. & Campbell, K. A. & Gaillard, C." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref30615" refString="Kiel, S., Campbell, K. A., and Gaillard, C. 2010. New and little known mollusks from ancient chemosynthetic environments. Zootaxa 2390: 26 - 48." type="journal article" year="2010">Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCA5FD5BFB8ADD98" authority="Kiel, 2013" authorityName="Kiel" authorityYear="2013" box="[808,1058,677,704]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Tehamatea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCA5FD5BFC0CDDE7" box="[808,932,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Tehamatea</emphasis>
|
||
Kiel, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Early Cretaceous–Oligocene genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCD4FD38FAF4DDB8" ID-CoL="8PP3V" authority="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard, 2010" authorityName="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard" authorityYear="2010" box="[857,1372,710,736]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cubatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCD4FD38FC11DDB8" box="[857,953,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cubatea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFC4EFD38FAF4DDB8" author="Kiel, S. & Campbell, K. A. & Gaillard, C." box="[963,1372,710,736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref30615" refString="Kiel, S., Campbell, K. A., and Gaillard, C. 2010. New and little known mollusks from ancient chemosynthetic environments. Zootaxa 2390: 26 - 48." type="journal article" year="2010">Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBF6FD18FA6DDC58" ID-CoL="7PB2T" authority="Speden, 1970" authorityName="Speden" authorityYear="1970" box="[1147,1477,742,768]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Nymphalucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBF6FD18FA88DC58" box="[1147,1312,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Nymphalucina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFAA4FD18FA6DDC58" author="Speden, I. G." box="[1321,1477,742,768]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36307" refString="Speden, I. G. 1970. The type Fox Hills Formation, Cretaceous (Maestrichtian), South Dakota. Part 2. Systematics of the Bivalvia. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University Bulletin 33: 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1970">Speden, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Oligocene–Recent genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB2AFCF6FA31DC79" ID-CoL="7P7Y8" authority="Dall, 1901" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1901" box="[1191,1433,775,801]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB2AFCF6FAB0DC79" box="[1191,1304,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Lucinoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFAACFCF9FA31DC79" author="Dall, W. H." box="[1313,1433,775,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="779 - 833" refId="ref27403" refString="Dall, W. H. 1901. Synopsis of the Lucinacea and of the American species. Proceedings of the US National Museum of Natural History 23: 779 - 833." type="journal article" year="1901">Dall, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these genera have cardinal dentition and moderately thick (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCBCFCB6FC15DC39" authorityName="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard" authorityYear="2010" box="[817,957,840,865]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Beauvoisina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCBCFCB6FC15DC39" box="[817,957,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Beauvoisina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFC46FCB6FBEFDC3A" authorityName="Kiel" authorityYear="2013" box="[971,1095,840,866]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Tehamatea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFC46FCB6FBEFDC3A" box="[971,1095,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Tehamatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBD9FCB6FB1CDC3A" ID-CoL="8PP3V" authorityName="Kiel, Campbell, and Gaillard" authorityYear="2010" box="[1108,1204,840,866]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Cubatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBD9FCB6FB1CDC3A" box="[1108,1204,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Cubatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB7FFCB6FAC9DC39" ID-CoL="7P7Y8" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1901" box="[1266,1377,840,865]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB7FFCB6FAC9DC39" box="[1266,1377,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Lucinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or thick (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCBCFC96FC7CDCDA" ID-CoL="7PB2T" authorityName="Speden" authorityYear="1970" box="[817,980,872,898]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Nymphalucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCBCFC96FC7CDCDA" box="[817,980,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Nymphalucina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) hinge plates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFBF1FC96FAB9DCDA" author="Speden, I. G." box="[1148,1297,872,898]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref36307" refString="Speden, I. G. 1970. The type Fox Hills Formation, Cretaceous (Maestrichtian), South Dakota. Part 2. Systematics of the Bivalvia. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University Bulletin 33: 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1970">Speden 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kiel 2013;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFA14FC96FC43DCFB" author="Kiel, S. & Taviani, M." pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="444 - 466" refId="ref30455" refString="Kiel, S. and Taviani, M. 2017. Chemosymbiotic bivalvies from Miocene methane-seep carbonates in Italy. Journal of Paleontology 91: 444 - 466." type="journal article" year="2017">Kiel and Taviani 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFC7BFC77FB7CDCFB" author="Amano, K. & Little, C. T. S. & Campbell, K. A." box="[1014,1236,904,931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="371 - 382" refId="ref24999" refString="Amano, K., Little, C. T. S., and Campbell, K. A. 2018 b. Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island of New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63: 371 - 382." type="journal article" year="2018">Amano et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), features that are absent from the material studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464BFFDCFCC3FC34FA36DBBF" blockId="17.[808,1482,159,1255]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFCC3FC34FB11DCBC" ID-CoL="7RYKS" authority="Koenen, 1885" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[846,1209,969,996]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planistria">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCC3FC34FBB9DCBB" box="[846,1041,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Lucina planistria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFB91FC34FB11DCBC" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[1052,1209,969,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB76FC34FC3BDB5D" ID-CoL="7RYJP" authority="Koenen, 1885" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB76FC34FA2FDCBB" box="[1275,1415,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Lucina lepis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFA1CFC34FC3BDB5D" author="Koenen, A. von" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Paleocene deposits in Copenhagen,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFAEDFC14FA61DB5C" box="[1376,1481,1002,1028]" name="Denmark" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE344B13464BFFDCFCA2FBF4FC6CDB7D" author="Koenen, A. von" box="[815,964,1034,1061]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref31094" refString="Koenen, A. von 1885. Uber eine Paleocane Fauna von Kopenhagen. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen 32: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1885">Koenen 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB29FBF4FA61DB7C" ID-CoL="7SZVM" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1188,1481,1034,1060]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB29FBF4FA61DB7C" box="[1188,1481,1034,1060]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Rhacothyas spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shell size and shape, as well as the shape of the resilifer and the apparent lack of dentition, and could potentially represent another fossil occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFBD0FB95FB75DBDD" ID-CoL="7PFQF" box="[1117,1245,1131,1157]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFBD0FB95FB75DBDD" box="[1117,1245,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Rhacothyas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the details of muscle scars of both species are unknown, and we refrain from any further comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB4AFB53FA21DB9E" ID-CoL="7SZVM" baseAuthorityName="Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1223,1417,1196,1223]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Rhacothyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitzbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB4AFB53FB70DB9E" box="[1223,1240,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB66FB52FA21DB9E" box="[1259,1417,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">spitzbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until more data on both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFC7AFB30FBD7DBBF" ID-CoL="7RYKS" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[1015,1151,1229,1255]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planistria">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFC7AFB30FBAEDBBF" box="[1015,1030,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB9EFB33FBD7DBBF" box="[1043,1151,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">planistria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DA54D61464BFFDCFB39FB30FAADDBBF" ID-CoL="7RYJP" authorityName="Koenen" authorityYear="1885" box="[1204,1285,1229,1255]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinida" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB39FB30FB6BDBBF" box="[1204,1219,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFB5CFB33FAADDBBF" box="[1233,1285,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">lepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA1A36E2464BFFDCFCA5FB06FB4DDACB" blockId="17.[808,1481,1272,1427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="88D1EAF0464BFFDCFCA5FB06FB74DA4A" box="[808,1244,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
.—Upper Paleocene cold seep carbonate and associated sunken driftwood from the Basilika Formation, Fossildalen, Zachariassendalen and locality
|
||
<quantity id="7D5D9B07464BFFDCFC48FAA7FBBCDA2C" box="[965,1044,1369,1396]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
west from Trigonometric point 25, Hollendarbukta, Spitsbergen,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2B27672464BFFDCFBF7FA87FB49DACB" box="[1146,1249,1401,1427]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="17" pageNumber="118">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |