treatments-xml/data/31/2E/4B/312E4BC102F652C9A08C561211035312.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="159032" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9877d07-2c6f-4b49-bf89-0f1e88dcad61" ID-PMC="PMC9836501" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-210-93" ID-Pensoft-UUID="67FA1909899755479BD1DD1C2680F797" ID-PubMed="36760409" ModsDocID="1314-2003-210-93" checkinTime="1665030591645" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yuan, Li, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Long, Ji-Yan &amp; Peng, Yu-Mei" docDate="2022" docId="312E4BC102F652C9A08C561211035312" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 210: 93-108" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 210" docPubDate="2022-10-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438" docTitle="Diatoma sinensis Bing Liu &amp; Rioual, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="67FA1909899755479BD1DD1C2680F797" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="67FA1909899755479BD1DD1C2680F797" masterDocTitle="Diatoma sinensis: a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1732850175193" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="02B73BE4014DA62828E6D4E660C30AF0">Diatoma sinensis: a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD67EB3E9263E6AF4784B3BAA77F5A20">Yuan, Li</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DF14A8B8F4525D3D739AB40FDE8CA51">Liu, Bing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02BB3AAC14F31E8E66B3F1CA8DAAD45F">College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1BAA16497DEF3D887B106259532B5250">Rioual, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7761DC8E87D5A88EA4063515D26734A">Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. box 9825, Beijing 100029, China &amp; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BED2082C9A5597001C3B528291327D6D">Long, Ji-Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29FACD0D449F4E43792607BEA0B87842">College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1572892D7A1403554D2E7A6C71680F59">Peng, Yu-Mei</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="312E4BC102F652C9A08C561211035312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202147125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:312E4BC102F652C9A08C561211035312" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E4BC102F652C9A08C561211035312" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" scope_class="Bacillariophyceae" scope_family="Tabellariaceae" scope_phylum="Bacillariophyta">
<subSubSection id="F7864B813B833848D320EA0565DC0241" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="421C9C9DF38F2E545DFBC1BBFA1C11EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="99A6BBA4FB2163804D6B92C7BA95BB37" LSID="312E4BC1-02F6-52C9-A08C-561211035312" authority="Bing Liu &amp; Rioual, sp. nov." authorityName="Bing Liu &amp; Rioual, sp. nov." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">Diatoma sinensis Bing Liu &amp; Rioual, sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FC28D7B37FCD9584ACCEBDE0A0CB3FF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="2EF8FFA6F6A3A150A75DE43E02F6089C" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<figureCitation id="818078BD8D9C90F1EED4588DCC9816CC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., LM A undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) B-R seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (B) is three times longer than the smallest one (R). B illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753106" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="24DEF4B313B4A8FEF5F2C320B55B91E9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="784ED8D9AF1E005A04837005A576FEAB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6E0B92F93D67C4BF8DEC6D54DD9E98B7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, valvocopula A, B two valvocopulae showing the sawtooth-shaped projections and the open nature C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (C, two arrows), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (D, arrow) and one closed end (E) F-H details of B showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (F, arrow), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (G, arrow), and the different poroid shapes of the two rows of poroids. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753109" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FAD8A28C21B55754055095096ABF9BA0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, external view A, B two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve C-H details of Figs A, B showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="52E08783758CBD623811CCE8B8801989" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">, 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF58FF3B45345F69C2733440CD7AB362" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="6D1DF54543F113E2F2D706DAEE707AAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF15CAFEF8861235BE4DCDB5FE2297FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
JIU! G202201, specimen circled on slide, illustrated as Fig. 
<figureCitation id="211F3E423EAEB1AB3F892F5F4F8DCC80" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., LM A undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) B-R seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (B) is three times longer than the smallest one (R). B illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753106" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A2CFA5B766D80DDDED1152D623A21ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Registration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6020FD1E2C953EADB7B3AA86D65B73B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Phycobank http://phycobank.org/103359.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="547410574BB370CA76EDEA17A4DD0B5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="6A6614024CE1D9D5770133C23003C4F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C06A8F9C9D644AA44948370FDE500FCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
China. Qinghai Province: Lake Qinghai, a sampling point near the lakeshore (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="15860CE8DBC99D4724F36B7F57071B25" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of Lake Qinghai showing the three sampling sites located in the lakeshore shallow waters (labeled 1, 2, and 3), on the western side of the lake. Inset map showing Lake Qinghai's location within China and the Qinghai province." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753105" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">1</figureCitation>
, sampling site 1), 
<geoCoordinate id="A355DC07E849F2A2DB1FB78086F4C4F0" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="36.842777">36°50'34&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="394898B4FBE8950C9E7999437C8E2790" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="99.71083">99°42'39&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 3210 m a.s.l., collected by Bing Liu, July 19, 2019.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E3FCBE94AF0CABAA83C0B0A90BC13B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="description">
<paragraph id="17B06B62F12761BED01D9546B3E4A3E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0761857DB2162BC9A60340923BA08BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="F40E0FB92D8C43B4111F91FAF5C0F184" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">LM</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2C824C928D73E9CB0FE07ED6C2A3027E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., LM A undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) B-R seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (B) is three times longer than the smallest one (R). B illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753106" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2</figureCitation>
). Living cells always observed in girdle view are rectangular (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B2343C66B536CBFEC76696732C49DD2C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., LM A undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) B-R seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (B) is three times longer than the smallest one (R). B illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753106" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2A</figureCitation>
, arrows). Cell depth (along the pervalvar axis, n = 35) 3.3-8.8 
<normalizedToken id="3ACF5873EB2EA1429A2FFBF1190D45FD" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, always larger than valve width (2.0-3.0 
<normalizedToken id="B292FF3F7B5C2CFC7E0931508A68CBC1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
). Valve linear-lanceolate, with subcapitate to capitate apices (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="28BACED9F31FBDE2E34169FDFD44886C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., LM A undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) B-R seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (B) is three times longer than the smallest one (R). B illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753106" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">2B-R</figureCitation>
). Valve dimensions (n = 69): 24-88 
<normalizedToken id="2B99FDC3EA095A8CB5D4C49A309BA42B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, 2.0-3.0 
<normalizedToken id="F22E13AD23638625C6531D5F46C2D019" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, transapical ribs unevenly spaced, 8-13 in 10 
<normalizedToken id="57BB68A3166F42769BE2E833A42CFBCE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Striae and sternum not resolved under LM.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F43B990CF45E4C74E7EB604F01A1FFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="E3D309C8D1561781AB2AD87323A2482B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8B8CDCE6CF5377587A219412DFB6A59E" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="888B92EC5EF988C489782125061640C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., LM 
<emphasis id="B6D9483A07EA4B095911B6547337CC9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
undigested specimens showing the cells always lying in girdle view with a rectangular shape (arrows) 
<emphasis id="BE051E5F4DFC5CCB28BC8B21382E7466" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B-R</emphasis>
seventeen valves showing a valve size diminution series, note the largest specimen (
<emphasis id="20D05C45A13C5ED7D2417E78C5B4B8B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
) is three times longer than the smallest one (
<emphasis id="C594A9F118C3DFA442D88556C74602CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">R</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="A7B0E673186FE7407E14E1FC7267253C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
illustration of holotype specimen. Scale bars: 50 
<normalizedToken id="7F706FEB759857E79E6BF7F2848CF7DA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="D1301C767CACAF2615B599FA06639E5D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
); 10 
<normalizedToken id="196EB3B2452AAE43B23AB76A912960B6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="9DCDB5FD084E42F58456A0A6E14335C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B-R</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E9D5BA201CF40EA155AFF6A007A47782" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="C1EE8529A2A6A5DFDD84B83C5D350BED" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">SEM</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="5A7294B3AD3CF99F57E0BAC0C8604822" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation id="A5E2CF054C54303959C41790F97E47B8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7</figureCitation>
). Frustule and valvocopula view: Frustule rectangular in girdle view (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BA6B354BD53B2C4D40A15FF60B12278F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3A</figureCitation>
); normal vegetative frustule composed of epivalve, hypovalve, and six girdle bands (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="0165A50ED6DA6630499E8AE709826B34" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3B-D</figureCitation>
). Four girdle bands associated with the epivalve (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="718EEC230228E2670249CF46768584B3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3B-D, B1</figureCitation>
to B4), two with hypovalve (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="1A54A83DB4C604EBDF02A758BE364760" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3B-D, B5 and B6</figureCitation>
), yielding in a 4:2 configuration of girdle bands in non-dividing vegetative cells. Girdle bands open and having a closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement at one apex in a complete cell (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A8151F9C915FC0F049275EED94613F4D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3C-D</figureCitation>
). Striae continuing onto deep mantle and no blisters present (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="62579A5870CA7A4D56237156021E4910" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3B-D</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula open at one pole, always furnished with two rows of poroids, but sometimes with very short isolated third row of poroids (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="677878F9A30FC4C67EF5C5831C05D0D1" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">4D</figureCitation>
, arrow). Valvocopula forming an open ring with the same shape as the valve outline, closely attached to the mantle interior, surrounding the valve margin (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="335D625F6BCEACC05DEB87E3519152B9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">4B</figureCitation>
). Advalvar row of valvocopula poroids of each valvocopula bisecting pars interior from exterior, located at mid-line, pars media (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D1166831E1B95C30AE97FADA068D1240" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3C-D</figureCitation>
), inner row of poroids and the very short isolated third row located on pars exterior (Figs 
<figureCitation id="718FEE45DD0DBDC38A3417F6AF8380EA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">4D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="83B576CE6D3C379A210C4528FAA4787E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, valvocopula A, B two valvocopulae showing the sawtooth-shaped projections and the open nature C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (C, two arrows), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (D, arrow) and one closed end (E) F-H details of B showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (F, arrow), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (G, arrow), and the different poroid shapes of the two rows of poroids. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753109" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">5C-E</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula with crenulated edge attaching to valve, internally visible over virgae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D4AB32366243B617FF9DB2B2A6963FBC" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">4G-H</figureCitation>
, arrows). Valvocopula open ends hyaline (with no ornamentation) (Figs 
<figureCitation id="B0F556E6D257068744732F8D89164C1C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM A a valve with a few girdle bands B a valve with an attached valvocopula C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (D, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (E, arrow) F-G details of B showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (F, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (G, H, arrows), and an open end (H). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">4H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="79BED27D28D5F0B70A0D6375EF70D62F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, valvocopula A, B two valvocopulae showing the sawtooth-shaped projections and the open nature C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (C, two arrows), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (D, arrow) and one closed end (E) F-H details of B showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (F, arrow), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (G, arrow), and the different poroid shapes of the two rows of poroids. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753109" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">5C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A396DB2237BB95BAAE3D66E8F325A18E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, valvocopula A, B two valvocopulae showing the sawtooth-shaped projections and the open nature C-E details of A showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (C, two arrows), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (D, arrow) and one closed end (E) F-H details of B showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (F, arrow), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (G, arrow), and the different poroid shapes of the two rows of poroids. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753109" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">5F</figureCitation>
). Poroid density of the valvocopula is 66-70 in 10 
<normalizedToken id="E6D18FCB9DF3901D0446B4C5826E4EF6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B7B544DD299E038B4981BA0173A716DE" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="9E4944F6F902596F8ED1A2B69553CC84" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="A5C37715AC14D4348B6502BCB1FAD283" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA844580D69C622E11DEB32519B90ABA" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="05DC9557ACCBFF7A0277BA0C43E09BCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., SEM, girdle view 
<emphasis id="8F5953A7C44EE938BCB61F15F84E8E2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
a complete frustule 
<emphasis id="A4CB06927E0D44718DBEF35C6369C7FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
middle detail of 
<emphasis id="4A37CD474630C8A08F355F94EBC93350" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B1 to B6) of which B1 to B4 are associated with the epivalve and B5 and B6 are assigned to the hypovalve 
<emphasis id="ED0ACD1F14993E2160F8588777DB9E7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C, D</emphasis>
two apical details of 
<emphasis id="08944D255F3CB6E474BDF75189A000EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B1 to B6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 
<normalizedToken id="0B3F60C9DE7B967B0EA1E14689587D40" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="198FD208266BDFD1720BEFB036857349" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
); 1 
<normalizedToken id="62DA91BEA181128E58141942509E0C69" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="52AD8F9A0A88F8B62D1244750E200549" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B-D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D46990B08417E48BF9DC29743051C4C2" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753108" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="6968D5567C3715B597A77D30DDEDFABC" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="DF2ADD1253986F2D2E03EF501D87FF6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3D9CD3EA7161BFAEDEC6ED9F0FB87C10" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="08B3DEE2CC8B3C929217BBCF8532D70E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., SEM 
<emphasis id="20C643BB8F898BE0B540CE03D78649E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
a valve with a few girdle bands 
<emphasis id="F52F88E612AB4AE2411EBC2B0ACF53EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
a valve with an attached valvocopula 
<emphasis id="89C8E54E12EB96CF75E8BFEF1C8CE2E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-E</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="4C11DBA9A71AF77C8536617812B451CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
showing the two rows of poroids in each band, a third very short row of poroids present (
<emphasis id="EBAC11DFDBDDECA1D15B403E053AC863" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
, arrow), and the poroids continuing at one closed end (
<emphasis id="51274C20BD9145C7390218856A05A871" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
, arrow) 
<emphasis id="466857F63392AEF2D4035C241B967F76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F-G</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="1F7EEE4C417512AF78379B3543DC5C4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
showing the valvocopula, note the two rows of poroids continuing at one closed end (
<emphasis id="2499B8A29ED63938B34B328E351362F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F</emphasis>
, arrow), silica sawtooth-shaped projections over virgae (
<emphasis id="F86432E93AAD7BBEC4D0D70FE2C29C65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">G</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B81218C42B637A2F8A139E311D234AF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">H</emphasis>
, arrows), and an open end (
<emphasis id="1CCA6A21C11380F33B731560E9867FFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">H</emphasis>
). Scale bars: 5 
<normalizedToken id="4DBD400D34B6FA8710326960CDAAF16D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="784FD86CEBADB36F5144D2FE529149AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
); 1 
<normalizedToken id="A462E211F6E135C6CF5A4F8549A52425" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="01099AD1EAE71F5DE474AD34D3569410" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3C0AFB697F457961927F5C1CEC221DD5" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753109" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="83CC3D494A38943B65836BDA10A4C2EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="45419D331D75E4852B13A5B31CFD62D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1DBE75BFA51C3523A0D3C4E71341B94F" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="D2D7995A75A4E1B8FFE8A2C96244372E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., SEM, valvocopula 
<emphasis id="E293D0B477FD76ABB6B9385FAE9EAFD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
two valvocopulae showing the sawtooth-shaped projections and the open nature 
<emphasis id="CED3FF06B9C334D8615E9ABE9867C6BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-E</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="9598EB088A32670A03C3D3720208F99B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (
<emphasis id="4CE0812F762050CF01E964834A31A7DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C</emphasis>
, two arrows), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (
<emphasis id="C6682978B4EF06259887C2A39150A669" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">D</emphasis>
, arrow) and one closed end (
<emphasis id="335C199BB2F89BB53E1C7CFE435D1996" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="359308405733F9B4E39C377AC9BF0C7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F-H</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="9C19A66039F51A1F0ECDB64104281183" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
showing the two rows of poroids, note one open end (
<emphasis id="2348F162468C0A7246877AB36F737A6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F</emphasis>
, arrow), a third very short row of poroids present at the middle (
<emphasis id="B2B38596CE0F40104F609B18F1D1222C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">G</emphasis>
, arrow), and the different poroid shapes of the two rows of poroids. Scale bars: 5 
<normalizedToken id="D28E7A93F8E0A401706CE6FA033ED8E5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="BDA09620E5B6ADFF45878FA51BE45544" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
); 2 
<normalizedToken id="68B4683B7941621A303B88B889E76A72" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="9CE714780785919CB6C8A8BE4E932189" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F34DDF09502E1B827E05C37D9DA2388F" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
External view: Valve linear-lanceolate, with subcapitate to capitate apices (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6FD883A0615BF0BE47A19AE677729BEF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, external view A, B two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve C-H details of Figs A, B showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6A-B</figureCitation>
). Valve surface smooth, spines absent. Striae uniseriate, perpendicular to a narrow central sternum, 43-54 in 10 
<normalizedToken id="CDDECD9556519EBAFCECE9DD7BAF1CF1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Striae in groups of two to six separated by transverse ribs continuing down the vertical mantle (Figs 
<figureCitation id="8BA53FA3E3DAFFF9549FC55612627D6A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, girdle view A a complete frustule B middle detail of A, showing the valve mantle and six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6) of which B 1 to B 4 are associated with the epivalve and B 5 and B 6 are assigned to the hypovalve C, D two apical details of A, showing the valve mantle, six bands (labeled B 1 to B 6), and the closed-open-closed-open-closed-open arrangement (labeled Cl = closed and Op = open) of the apices of six bands. Scale bars: 10 μm (A); 1 μm (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753107" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">3A-D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="332D6D57E15B4D604878071560C2186A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, external view A, B two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve C-H details of Figs A, B showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C-H</figureCitation>
). More closely spaced rows of pores occurring at both apices, forming rather distinct apical pore fields (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A51D7A9CB1A8273A8BE72416D449CD76" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, external view A, B two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve C-H details of Figs A, B showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C, E, F, H</figureCitation>
). Two rimoportulae per valve, one per pole, with slit-like opening externally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="331BDAF1039BAC9D1534C44D8A7A7395" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, external view A, B two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve C-H details of Figs A, B showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 2 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">6C, E, F, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="224DA648D288BC325A9DDC16E540D5DE" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753110" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="FB20239A9E34AEAB34B64F2A937DA6C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="944C6B993B7996B4A92F771334F8F5B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA1104E0A47BC7DA835CEAC84FA429E6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="CCB66445547067238D1301CF61460A44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., SEM, external view 
<emphasis id="707699DAE5CCD9E59E9F362880E455BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
two complete valves, note two rimoportulae per valve 
<emphasis id="36D51F99AF3F60D381E04BC11049D195" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-H</emphasis>
details of Figs 
<emphasis id="89D5E47A687FD8D6C8810B6E84CEA686" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
showing the narrow sternum, the striae in groups separated by transverse clear areas, the slit-like external openings of rimoportulae, and the apical pore fields. Scale bars: 5 
<normalizedToken id="1E91E33C5EEAC7EF25DE2BBF9EF88DC2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="7AFD9DB77DA708461C898F381F4ECCD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
); 2 
<normalizedToken id="AF3B43447E5FFA6E6AC2A21769A77769" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="8A57AC6BC665E31D906166EA3CA75D81" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A70E236946967C3C684F3F6BD7AB132C" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Internal view: Valve linear-lanceolate, with subcapitate to capitate apices (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4BA077ABC393740200C156CE40A9154D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7A-B</figureCitation>
). Transapical ribs, mostly primary, part of internal valve surface (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E3BA0BF06E1F8A547FB93B3E17ABC9C4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7A-H</figureCitation>
). Rimoportula prominent, two per valve (n = 22), present at both apices, possessing bilabiate structure (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8C299D252D29F13DC5CB3C1366B89506" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7C, E, F, H</figureCitation>
). Rimoportula positions variable, either embedded in a transapical rib (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2780D2B1A9D39CD2617BC5B451AFC404" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7C, E</figureCitation>
) or located among striae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B44DDAC51976140A1DFC9A1C318B5622" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Diatoma sinensis sp. nov., SEM, internal view A, B two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve C-E details of A showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (C, E, two arrows) F-H details of B showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (F, H, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 μm (A, B); 1 μm (C-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">7F, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3433DCA4C5ACFB718DFA54ABB1AA92D5" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.210.90438.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/753111" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="CC0C0837E68A35A9248E7919192100FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="74F6C6C67835853EAFF99F0515AECBE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="68E7B3831CB071DB2730CA2E75C22476" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="7BA922487A0C9CBD687F992DD121E1DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., SEM, internal view 
<emphasis id="6ACB31FD626C2FD4734535248FBCCD86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
two complete valves note the distribution of the ribs and two rimportulae per valve 
<emphasis id="FB76E97605307278D7EE787EEDAFD68C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-E</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="E520946EB33C3AB4C5086E04F6EDC0F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A</emphasis>
showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae embedded in one rib at each apex (
<emphasis id="0E84B1D7EE30B176CB2194C5B435F55B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C, E</emphasis>
, two arrows) 
<emphasis id="8135186A4BD47602313BC58F20625A11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F-H</emphasis>
details of 
<emphasis id="B880D1170EB6D74E76C23901AB6EC4EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">B</emphasis>
showing the distribution of the ribs and the rimportulae located among striae (
<emphasis id="028DF7E524BE7CA82F501F67D48F544B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">F, H</emphasis>
, two arrows). Scale bars: 5 
<normalizedToken id="1B2062131C456224BEF94D3EE7A66BF6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="D243FA513029EE311EDF56FD15195E4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">A, B</emphasis>
); 1 
<normalizedToken id="42D4F61EAD06AB37F47327839AAF4B92" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="52F3AF539B9634F6D37F067E35E0A0F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">C-H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08CA52915E2539B4D7D00304D136808C" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CB8A617200D0A08BFFB5F1AD33D76D53" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F317B60CAA6B9F313F1806830757FCD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Named after China, where the species was found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FC2012C7410B26BF0A71B9D30DEDDEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="A277F1E70BD226D870EA9C7C17459278" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B29EE81B7FD2052780E6B0A13EEC483" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">
Measured in situ specific conductivity was 16.30 
<normalizedToken id="1FBB054A5C6CB9BDE7866DF05DD8881B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.09 mS∙cm-1, pH was 9.14 
<normalizedToken id="DC16ABEBEF9D9DA8B39AFE2F8F4BB9F9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01, and the water temperature was 15.5 
<normalizedToken id="31A0769578371FBDEE8FBC4EC322A59A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3 °C. 
<taxonomicName id="232FF397E69A643174FE28523EEDD574" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Diatoma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diatoma sinensis" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="0E283F8F21432A7AAB5574D329DD1FF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Diatoma sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found on submerged stones with yellow-brown surfaces, occurring with 
<taxonomicName id="9DB9B6E0067B6D33DBC8FCD06A9FD8AF" authorityName="H.J.B.Juhlin-Dannfelt" authorityYear="1882" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Berkeleyaceae" genus="Berkeleya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Berkeleya fennica" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fennica">
<emphasis id="42EF6AB0821665B335F02000B6FD18B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Berkeleya fennica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1B1A4BD3D31690EE4815F3857D3AD74D" author="Juhlin-Dannfelt, H" journalOrPublisher="Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B10" refString="Juhlin-Dannfelt, H, 1882. On the diatoms of the Baltic Sea. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 6 (21): 1 - 52" title="On the diatoms of the Baltic Sea." volume="6" year="1882">Juhlin-Dannfelt (1882)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9ECACA3AA2136FFB37836CB680A51675" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Pinnularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinnularia qinghainensis" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="qinghainensis">
<emphasis id="16F67A745CD66787318258391C92E5E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Pinnularia qinghainensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bing Liu &amp; S. Blanco (
<bibRefCitation id="58AEE65C3DA3FB725F2B3FB18D886643" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.5" author="Deng, L-Y" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="80 - 84" refId="B6" refString="Deng, L-Y, Blanco, S, Liu, B, Quan, S-J, Long, J-Y, 2021. Pinnularia qinghainensis: A new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China. Phytotaxa 483 (1): 80 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.5" title="Pinnularia qinghainensis: A new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.5" volume="483" year="2021">Deng et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="CA7DDF11759F58B2985E9DB16DCA809B" authorityName="Bing Liu &amp; D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2022" genus="Entomoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entomoneis sinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="7737359A5660288CBD50ED598FF0738C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Entomoneis sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bing Liu &amp; D.M. Williams (
<bibRefCitation id="7EB1FA20C9CF7D4CD031E59E6E4AE8AF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" author="Long, J-Y" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="29 - 50" refId="B18" refString="Long, J-Y, Williams, DM, Liu, B, Mo, W-H, Quan, S-J, 2022. Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" title="Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" volume="189" year="2022">Long et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3592B0CDE7BEE6FADF89A492C05049E" lsidName="E. qinghainensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="qinghainensis">
<emphasis id="8F58C57631AD2C16FD4552256D751A3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. qinghainensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bing Liu and D.M. Williams (
<bibRefCitation id="67BEB43B02A25A5CCB49B075AF55C44A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" author="Long, J-Y" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="29 - 50" refId="B18" refString="Long, J-Y, Williams, DM, Liu, B, Mo, W-H, Quan, S-J, 2022. Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" title="Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" volume="189" year="2022">Long et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="69AF407EDC6B88422547FD5D7B77B3A9" lsidName="E. paludosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="paludosa">
<emphasis id="11D90FE21B3CCCA406B3C45E38948D58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">E. paludosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(W. Smith) Reimer (
<bibRefCitation id="671733BF6652AF464D70756760889695" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" author="Long, J-Y" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="29 - 50" refId="B18" refString="Long, J-Y, Williams, DM, Liu, B, Mo, W-H, Quan, S-J, 2022. Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions. PhytoKeys 189: 29 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" title="Ultrastructure of three species of Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Qinghai of China, with reference to the external areola occlusions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.78149" volume="189" year="2022">Long et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="FA1B9BDAF314886E5D6F43DF54750221" authorityName="Bing Liu &amp; D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Ctenophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ctenophora sinensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="A933FDE2DC09AF934843417EB318BBAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Ctenophora sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bing Liu &amp; D.M. Williams (
<bibRefCitation id="6F0236940F414327FB6FEC4475EE63D3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.2.1" author="Liu, B" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="115 - 128" refId="B17" refString="Liu, B, Williams, DM, Liu, Z-X, Chen, J-H, 2020. Ctenophora sinensis: A new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from China with comments on its structure, nomenclature and relationships. Phytotaxa 460 (2): 115 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.2.1" title="Ctenophora sinensis: A new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from China with comments on its structure, nomenclature and relationships." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.2.1" volume="460" year="2020">Liu et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
), and some species of 
<taxonomicName id="BAC5A13B6A9FF38A903701B2FC652EF6" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Navicula" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8E4420D8F7FABF2056F5FE65E969C2A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Navicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bory (
<bibRefCitation id="23FB7546BACA7C43771F6415F0FE7D64" author="Bory de Saint-Vincent, JBGM" journalOrPublisher="Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="127 - 129" refId="B3" refString="Bory de Saint-Vincent, JBGM, 1822. Bacillariees. Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire naturelle 2: 127 - 129" title="Bacillariees." volume="2" year="1822">Bory de Saint-Vincent 1822</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="BDDCA67AE8EA234A3B8AE341EFB3327F" authorityName="Hassall" authorityYear="1845" genus="Gyrosigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gyrosigma" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0BD97693FCECED8CBDB1CF3595D7DCE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Gyrosigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="8D1F9B99DCCB2FA3DAF003119BEAA02C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" author="Hassall, AH" journalOrPublisher="Highley, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B9" refString="Hassall, AH, 1845. A history of the British Freshwater Algae (including descriptions of the Diatomaceae and Desmidiaceae) with upwards of one hundred Plates. Highley, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" title="A history of the British Freshwater Algae (including descriptions of the Diatomaceae and Desmidiaceae) with upwards of one hundred Plates." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" year="1845">Hassall (1845)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="126EA80C9B0B722AED33D3D849E7F3BA" authorityName="Baer" authorityYear="1826" class="Monogenea" family="Capsalidae" genus="Nitzschia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nitzschia" order="Capsalidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5598D64F4D7E814436D42D9D3628E11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Nitzschia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="8EB6839E89CCCC86C10D162F3309D026" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" author="Hassall, AH" journalOrPublisher="Highley, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" refId="B9" refString="Hassall, AH, 1845. A history of the British Freshwater Algae (including descriptions of the Diatomaceae and Desmidiaceae) with upwards of one hundred Plates. Highley, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" title="A history of the British Freshwater Algae (including descriptions of the Diatomaceae and Desmidiaceae) with upwards of one hundred Plates." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22609" year="1845">Hassall (1845)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="42616D5484E7AB5DBDAE27116DC65AE7" authorityName="P.J.F.Turpin" authorityYear="1828" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Tabellariaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Surirella" order="Rhabdonematales" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6937F834F2716866DBB76EBE4B8C9C58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="93">Surirella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="286FE64AAAA9A8B49A71715322734022" author="Turpin, PJF" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="93" pagination="361 - 368" refId="B34" refString="Turpin, PJF, 1828. Observations sur le nouveau genre Surirella. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 16: 361 - 368" title="Observations sur le nouveau genre Surirella." volume="16" year="1828">Turpin (1828)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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