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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1165-101" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4A5353677A5E5B5497EE0534F28A28A3" ID-ZooBank="0F260E39BDA6424385ABBCBF6D8F8D0D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1165-101" checkinTime="1685698518590" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hill, JoVonn G." docDate="2023" docId="30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1165: 101-136" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1165" docPubDate="2023-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047" docTitle="Melanoplus tonkawa Hill 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BF2D0335-B602-4800-A831-037CDD619751" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="4A5353677A5E5B5497EE0534F28A28A3" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="4A5353677A5E5B5497EE0534F28A28A3" masterDocTitle="Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae)" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1685698518590" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="EBC5CDAA6E89EF94D4F3CDACF3AB32A3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2EFC9216113869D66E3516A64A48FB2A">
<mods:title id="875ECF1345AECCD5A12EDFADE9550177">Diversification deep in the heart of Texas: seven new grasshopper species and establishment of the Melanoplus discolor species group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9A9FF07D2578F74EB4E9B78BEC173043" type="personal">
<mods:role id="834501F9589E19CD46CEC02A6FFAE1D8">
<mods:roleTerm id="62E013628CD45E71B1D5B18E4C7EDA14">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4BBCFA2319C17B752495940698F336AB">Hill, JoVonn G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5F15BD6B7694BE7B5363A88D5466EEF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-7117</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1BD851DEEE19BF5CEE67DD983162C549">Mississippi Entomological Museum, Department of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA4B80D8B1880E8BC4D9363F9CE1BE1E" type="email">jgh4@msstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E92132226B022810A0E71FCDFF1948F5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="26F741799063B592E5834D313F476C54">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="337A1B101996F442ADAF3F41F364AA65">
<mods:date id="A1002B677E549CBFE166246A6977A407">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9C90BDB0DA1CA6D794E894B0DB01C641" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="06E98DBF5956AB467BDF1328DC27A594">2023-06-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="720B85BB25ABCBD1C794D0E414BCEDA0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7B6AC79B41AB54D1A1CFE20732EC0EE8">1165</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C6FFB3C61D1CFCFB737835F87EA3D96F">101</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="0878ADC160658FA8DF9A631FB492DF06">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4683B875281B2BCA560B3E4F7B804E00">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0B703CE5D8FCAAD723B44542F140D494" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="43EE8944E6B1B19799AB5DFB89A02B62" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1165-101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="084C2668C437CD7EBF880D33D9E3A400" type="ZooBank">0F260E39BDA6424385ABBCBF6D8F8D0D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CBBED5AB76438FD3A738868201333CC6" type="Pensoft-UUID">4A5353677A5E5B5497EE0534F28A28A3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection id="BE4E43C998CF408C008EE9DFB03A81B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="results">
<treatment id="30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BF2D0335-B602-4800-A831-037CDD619751" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30AE8CB196235BC69460DBEF53890E65" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<subSubSection id="6E35A29E31984388FCB57592606F34FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2036DB592D24B2235DA13C9A97FB29AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="D4D4F7817EB6F7354A1D3DC1ED1ED877" LSID="https://zoobank.org/BF2D0335-B602-4800-A831-037CDD619751" authority="Hill, 2023" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus tonkawa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkawa" status="sp. nov.">Melanoplus tonkawa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="848DF0D47EF4C055082DD3CAD369DFEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D3CE1E863BC4135A127943676365F14" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="D93FB99C90F432ED242908278432BB02" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<figureCitation id="DBFB97B07463721908C4B99391D32620" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lateral outlines of the male cerci of species in the Melanoplus discolor species group A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. Melanoplus walkeri E M. walkeri F M. susdentatus G M. kendalli H M. tonkawa I M. comanche." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857286" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C605B28456E4CA813FF84D9962B30056" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of the male aedeagus of species in the Melanoplus discolor group. DV: dorsal valve, S: sheath, VV: ventral valve. A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. comanche E M. kendalli F M. susdentatus G M. walkeri H M. tonkawa I M. balcones." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857287" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 3H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9CE7241A95AE924E27AA5C5309ABC883" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal views of the male aedeagus of species in the Melanoplus discolor group. DV: dorsal valve, S: sheath, VV: ventral valve. A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. comanche E M. kendalli F M. susdentatus G M. walkeri H. M. tonkawa I M. balcones." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857288" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 4H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="42581CC664637F20E4F54E5D80C27A9F" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 13A-J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9632B38B6A32BE652116A855ADAE0471" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of species in the Melanoplus discolor group A broad view of the group, showing the wide distribution of M. discolor B distribution of Melanoplus discolor group species occurring in central Texas with the Balcones Escarpment indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857298" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">, 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D60133D806C63D528A2D97A20DA538A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="type material">
<paragraph id="3AE5A8425E102652C31FE4CD816F91E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FC42D8BF68B39A8A241DC10F3E2C5D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="FEFED5C8DCAFDD4937977CE3F0328256" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Holotype</emphasis>
: 1♂, USA, TX, 1.5 mi NNW Ellinger,
<geoCoordinate id="D2D969918A47B59846995DED50B38137" degrees="29.8511" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.8511">29.8511</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E69581F24A093996DB4DD08BE77C456A" degrees="96.7173" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.7173">-96.7173</geoCoordinate>
, 14 July 2020, J.G. Hill; collected in post oak savanna. Deposited in the Mississippi Entomological Museum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="458E3C3854ACE3585D999FA72AAE9E17" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="3D8F0C70BAFA3B06783275DFDDC6C0A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="076EB16D0EDB3366ABB0AA3D4DAF6ACD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Texas
</emphasis>
: Fayette Co., 1.5 mi NNW Ellinger, 29.8511, -96.7173, 14 July 2020, J.G. Hill (2♂).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="892BAAD2DFA5955D95EAD4ED1FD67567" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="38704814D99E699A1D387BC302A4827D" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E9C2F242D917062983DC5581B5455A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
Male cerci broadly falcate (Figs
<figureCitation id="21A477A734EF3DF8752DFDC9F69A86E6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Lateral outlines of the male cerci of species in the Melanoplus discolor species group A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. Melanoplus walkeri E M. walkeri F M. susdentatus G M. kendalli H M. tonkawa I M. comanche." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857286" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2D7EF4F9E5D42DFFADF5B87239FA28B5" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">13A, B</figureCitation>
), internal male genitalia with the aedeagal sheath that does not project to the distal edge dorsal valves. Dorsal valves are thin plates that are arched along the caudal margin and are produced laterally to the ventral valves, giving the aedeagus a narrow or thin appearance in caudal or dorsal views (Figs
<figureCitation id="570F9D5B09606EB2E7E4B229670AAC04" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral views of the male aedeagus of species in the Melanoplus discolor group. DV: dorsal valve, S: sheath, VV: ventral valve. A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. comanche E M. kendalli F M. susdentatus G M. walkeri H M. tonkawa I M. balcones." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857287" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">3H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="56D899102E53FAE99699B7D53CF7076F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal views of the male aedeagus of species in the Melanoplus discolor group. DV: dorsal valve, S: sheath, VV: ventral valve. A M. nelsoni B M. discolor C M. corniculatus D M. comanche E M. kendalli F M. susdentatus G M. walkeri H. M. tonkawa I M. balcones." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857288" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">4H</figureCitation>
). The ventral valves are slightly shorter than the dorsal valves, are slightly arched posteriorly and have their distal ends bent medially (Fig.
<figureCitation id="06DE685600D17830DB6DBD71A806E8F3" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">13F</figureCitation>
). Most similar to
<taxonomicName id="B42D0BF3C6E6ACC8B8C29389D9615EAC" lsidName="M. kendalli" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="kendalli">
<emphasis id="847DBB6507B59467239801C9B9F583DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. kendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5EB5F1D36E201E56837805B76C87397" lsidName="M. balcones" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="balcones">
<emphasis id="7F6D526915C13978311E68A704962FD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. balcones</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="A9FD9626CF8DA4F609BEBAAAFA699C2F" lsidName="M. susdentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="susdentatus">
<emphasis id="9BA4732066CF36E04E785748D966E4B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. susdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="FEE75E1A156F03D03EC188E83CE5DE47" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus tonkawa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkawa">
<emphasis id="567D38DF2D9BB6DBAADB0D0236CE4BB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus tonkawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily separated from
<taxonomicName id="A2374C758530CA2EFE7529C0B0B9C93C" lsidName="M. kendalli" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="kendalli">
<emphasis id="2659BFAA5B5264F57B5771DA9B4479D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. kendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an aedeagal sheath that does not reach the distal margin of the dorsal valves and the curved nature of the dorsal valves (Figs
<figureCitation id="7893E39F8F1F67CC9E731B1023778405" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Melanoplus kendalli A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857291" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">7C-G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03BE5AD92A5A91B852B418E95BACE419" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">13C-G</figureCitation>
), from
<taxonomicName id="223A101CE3D730801404C93B350955F0" lsidName="M. balcones" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="balcones">
<emphasis id="3B7BB4BB348E6625BA1CF090A0C6832C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. balcones</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shorter, rounded valves found in that species (Figs
<figureCitation id="5709CA48D00AF59848AC626D8AC8DC0A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Melanoplus balcones sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857293" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">9C-F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2D27495F6FA02557B4302A5C80BA0D59" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">13C-F</figureCitation>
), and from
<taxonomicName id="E260600F514EEF8A5D92D62891F1BFDB" lsidName="M. susdentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="susdentatus">
<emphasis id="436397D0E3BC070FCE8D6444E8CBA52D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. susdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the more rounded apices of the male cerci, less sclerotized and less broadly arching dorsal valves of the aedeagus (Figs
<figureCitation id="9D6B29E5CA9F9DE24E5168219BCF75D3" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Melanoplus susdentatus sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857292" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">8C-G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ED77261177C2CCC58EC4A643A3F66265" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Melanoplus tonkawa sp. nov. A dorsal view of male terminalia B lateral view of male terminalia C dorsal view of phallic complex D lateral view of phallic complex E dorsal view of aedeagus F lateral view of aedeagus G caudal view of the aedeagus H dorsal view of epiphallus I caudal view of epiphallus J habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">13C-G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0AEDCB6747ABF77173F9EC71FF9E1045" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857297" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="9A421FE339EBC101275AE57B1C1EFF0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="5BADC2BC7DCF30C5A073D83CA5A76C97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FFD55D29B765359C0964BAF1038F892D" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus tonkawa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkawa">
<emphasis id="5C3168DC058B38167660895E58546364" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus tonkawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="E916392D4D84DBD60B3C47B449735F40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
dorsal view of male terminalia
<emphasis id="B10C3BD4EB9FAA6B6C31503F9D4DC181" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
lateral view of male terminalia
<emphasis id="64273D40C676FB4ABF18D33A73559DC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of phallic complex
<emphasis id="9C7F5814F9E58AAEBF4F86FCEECCF4F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
lateral view of phallic complex
<emphasis id="6D4C470DEB2B4D54DCF02877BE7F2BD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E</emphasis>
dorsal view of aedeagus
<emphasis id="6FAE5556F034C66BA4DE4335677581C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">F</emphasis>
lateral view of aedeagus
<emphasis id="3797390A9BF8B3EDD810D3187B70CA68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">G</emphasis>
caudal view of the aedeagus
<emphasis id="DD7A7F30CC4498FAB08F6843123CA7E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H</emphasis>
dorsal view of epiphallus
<emphasis id="66D32488146A5BD883AF6DA30FD5D5A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">I</emphasis>
caudal view of epiphallus
<emphasis id="5CB032F147A663B68A66F3061CF36D92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">J</emphasis>
habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCBABF52B54C605E19D7E3C0BA84742E" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="description">
<paragraph id="4675702A1FF92C67FF6DE331841C626D" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Male measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23BFC95A985F08A4051E20CD886AD5E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
(mm): (
<emphasis id="90B2D5B42B66C5CCDBB3555F9A320A95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">n</emphasis>
= 2) Body length 20-21 (mean = 20.5); pronotum length 4.2-4.5 (mean = 4.4); hind femur length 11.2-11.4 (mean = 11.3); cerci length 1.0-1.2 (mean = 1.0); basal width of cercus 0.6 (mean = 0.6); mid-cercal width 0.4 (mean = 0.4); cerci apex width 0.3 (mean = 0.3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54726B61C2C64FABCA30C3B39F6943C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="51A3343EAE41734E8AA886E62F62D353" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1271D7A70B28A7F4AE32B0FA443301A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Post oak/live oak savanna.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79761F63A6E118D0BAC0BC755EBEB21C" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DDEEB5A008812BC3F6F89C2A400E42AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EF7263804B747AD8179447245DFCEFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
In the vicinity of Fayette County Texas on the western edge of the North American Coastal Plain (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B6D021A89EADAB08E20BE16B8B95B1FC" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of species in the Melanoplus discolor group A broad view of the group, showing the wide distribution of M. discolor B distribution of Melanoplus discolor group species occurring in central Texas with the Balcones Escarpment indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857298" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0E5E49C5FDA447F1AF85486763654FDD" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857298" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="7C5D9C6EFF86B9CDBCAB0E192BF7DB5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="391E1CE903E20BECAE2E8E6ADD67F64B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of species in the
<taxonomicName id="5DE02EE5E9D3C7F70ED7EBCA40B33EEB" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus discolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="C486F05F2869931A5DC789742BC9A528" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<emphasis id="DE388B49D4348D6C7165A54C4C4D18A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
broad view of the group, showing the wide distribution of
<taxonomicName id="78548B5C08C712ADD3A2A646297846DE" lsidName="M. discolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="EE0B1A640B5C7EEB30FE4BC5B1EB5303" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">M. discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="79F2F10A49D9D9F4C453031A6066A100" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
distribution of
<taxonomicName id="14C3DD0E63C8E5E7DF79BA71F1452360" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus discolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="E5DCA68D9BFB37424F4FF8737E59D181" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species occurring in central Texas with the Balcones Escarpment indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14D21A89928F84035CB0E521F90DE44F" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="49C600B36A09104AB361D7410C5E856B" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A2016E200750AA16C35F051B1F9B1B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Named in honor of the Tonkawa tribe of Native Americans who previously inhabited the area where this species occurs.</paragraph>
<caption id="AB6243821F4B0FB6ADAAC2854144E9F3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857299" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="366BE5776A73FA63D830F99400435ECE" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="4E2172FB321DB92B37EB0B245CA7DA28" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="35AD528456023010B04E4591E72E1F37" baseAuthorityName="Scudder" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus discolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolor">
<emphasis id="16C15464F3DECEDDD6429BF5F1118959" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus discolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="203D0010B3AA25FFC6DC447A1B27B271" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
prairie remnant, Ellis County, Texas
<emphasis id="14054A27AA7F2FE9D9F9ADBD2CC55479" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
male, Ellis County Texas
<emphasis id="05A405DEBF92FFAC0B313561315CB337" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
female, Ellis County Texas (Note: late afternoon sun altered the body coloration slightly)
<emphasis id="1CB14DA969A0B71AD1CD9D49A276C661" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male, Sioux Co., Nebraska
<emphasis id="AADFB1DEF473097F410DDCA44EEE02DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E</emphasis>
female eating false boneset, Sioux Co., Nebraska.
<emphasis id="24EA8C3336E13F779F326B4E88C7931F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E, D</emphasis>
courtesy of Matthew Brust.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D7B4907274402B8DF46D67FB86653FCB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857300" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="487A50DB6DC6439FDEC95054DCBA4AE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="F083D21E90B7DEE434B2CDD6873DC2B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="15A6717163071BE9FBC616937D6AEFCE" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus nelsoni" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="0ABC29A7B57C347DFF0B97B521BC5017" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="8B3B98A4B60D17390FC04DB5CDA12515" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Burnett County, Texas
<emphasis id="B37BF53379F5137EDE67C64FD1B56220" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="11205B61F99F23F1B60733B86849AF24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="3075301BD0DC92DEA20517F0AB11F1B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ED4F932AB26AD0472543C2446FF36C74" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857301" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph id="2905A95A54C40DA475D3BB72EF8DEDF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="3261076483BEBEE8E70C7FCF611BF85F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="020CDBFD3E4C0FB87026A58272613F14" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus kendalli" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kendalli">
<emphasis id="045AA2773945A9E74C348926F2C13C45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus kendalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CDE7D0E59CCEB8C2DB8DCAA463250E37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Bexar County, Texas
<emphasis id="731497B780D6E4AFF912DB03606DB4C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Bexar, County Texas
<emphasis id="16AF1752123F7FF8FABE657FBC756460" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="BDFECCB7D1D5B40943F30D6530C92526" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="C33534E0293F5168B0CF5F41A10C1E9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="0029C297AA21E9467C851AA9981F9BA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">F</emphasis>
female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C1D17E640211E97C0076CFD24EE74042" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857302" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph id="C07A33A32A1FE10FDB530BE795F39DE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="E648C56575FC30EC39AB146070E8BA8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="5B379FCFDC1665C1B7C2786F0CAB2582" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus susdentatus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="susdentatus">
<emphasis id="021B3A88B28B1EFFA318E8D01DA77200" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus susdentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="98F9AF3E35100463B22DD69389A6C22E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
oak savanna, Hayes Co., Texas
<emphasis id="772E3717DF865C601E8BBA69ABFBD75D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
oak savanna, Travis Co, Texas
<emphasis id="E68C04BEABBF080F5388706D21B2EF1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
oak savanna, Comal Co., Texas
<emphasis id="7DD7FECEDFCBD57D8BA9546177F3C0FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="63885D2C745EB6430106B9D814D7D5FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">E</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="CB025A62D7C4B4409B98789FCDCCF4C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">F</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="6A1E874B150CC362612332AEC7FCD798" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">G</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="9A0C918A8BDF63524F7C792DCDEE49C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">H</emphasis>
female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8572D86A1D6C2E392BA0EAA86E7B9ADE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857303" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph id="7BC12974ACD9D9FC02E15665C0B6C319" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="53CD04C63D8FF01B5F43BA89E320F650" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 19.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="38479ED833A9D0B86611F7F31D2E5056" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus balcones" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcones">
<emphasis id="76EC14E348D74A9C42FA04F43B4AA7F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus balcones</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="84864CDFA60D1A1B8743FC28F1DDD489" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Travis Co., Texas
<emphasis id="32E34BAEE2BFB3AEC8167D3C2B40342B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="6EEF3CDFB0692572D2876B796CBA57C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="0A1EC66A9CD637B16A87851B32825FD5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="140000D251E599697EBB5411DCAF2C09" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857304" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph id="C9324C3234340EB9DE7CE5B61A9D8655" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B97B1DA542D9AE830AED6F4CB88DBDB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 20.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="84CB0FF5BC26E38708B42FD46F05C018" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus corniculatus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniculatus">
<emphasis id="D1B38246FAAD2132C0C88CB727717F9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus corniculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="B63A885A11F555E2F5F9DDDEEBEC8054" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Kerr Co., Texas
<emphasis id="F8EADC54A2ACCAC695B565D6CF8717A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="9C5AB4B775EA5870241CF87AED71EBCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
female
<emphasis id="7AD405662C8E38F1BCD7880045419A60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D61FDA44F9490FE4ABE2B6FE56EE35E9" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.104047.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/857305" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="32B212C16EEA56A7DD3DD3750F73EA40" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="CAD3264B46E3BEB58FC377BDF70A01F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Habitat and live images of
<taxonomicName id="C0457E4B099F6AFC7F3CAB97BD760351" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanoplus walkeri" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
<emphasis id="5D50E3F58C4B61EA181BDF5C75D66F58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Melanoplus walkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="BB46C9E1EF36E9E818EA06E46388D39B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">A</emphasis>
Ashe juniper savanna, Kendall Co., Texas
<emphasis id="8842ADEE098CDEB7B1BB7023EF86E70F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">B</emphasis>
male,
<emphasis id="CB3AFFB0BC2BCA695A69FB6448EA5A76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
male
<emphasis id="C137529EA45F90E958DA33B9686E8304" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">D</emphasis>
female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5A5E138BBE65282652EEC417834A29C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="101" type="suggested common name">
<paragraph id="9B140F37161548CB84389052FC7A3776" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Suggested common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C1F0A37B82F44A5942EAC3491A2B1DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="101">Tonkawa pouncer.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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