296 lines
43 KiB
XML
296 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="9C03FC2B160CB3415567F74144194053" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62108056-3778-4e1d-9b87-4460737053dd" ModsDocAuthor="Trager, J. C., MacGown, J. A. & Trager, M. D." ModsDocDate="2007" ModsDocID="21293" ModsDocOrigin="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=21293" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group." checkinTime="1243372329827" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Trager, J. C., MacGown, J. A. & Trager, M. D." docDate="2007" docId="306A26B93AE64C08957F7D535D973168" docLanguage="en" docName="21293" docOrigin="Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. (Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80)" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=21293" docTitle="Formica incerta Trager, MacGown & Trager, 2007, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="623" masterDocId="920F8292027C7158975F17F6198AAE95" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group." masterLastPageNumber="636" masterPageNumber="610" pageNumber="621" updateTime="1701311467294" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5F02DE03696F357FC835ADEFB437629C">Revision of the Nearctic endemic Formica pallidefulva group.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48ADC7083A532D15BB41E455BCA1A857">Trager, J. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7643744AFC64A2D0501EAD4B8102058D">MacGown, J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0BAD6E8201C145AD41A3CBCF7B539F9">Trager, M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DA6AB4DB04C14B1917128B0DB9E5FB83">Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1DC976BF136CA8029347F58D8CAFE5BC">Snelling, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D15A29E83056479E62B5BD92346AE58">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="07103AA0DA44C20F916C0FAA2E246AD6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="630983B8454C48271A333A4C9A121EA5">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="DC0390EF42F63A75695A3A6D5C4B7899">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="35F404317379B98CA8477C371FC7BB52" type="title">
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<mods:title id="548E7F519CD653D741AF41622AD55208">Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions.</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="3102EFE681E68B2A3AD518B3A57978FD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="464E61030CD791AE470417D92F0694E3">80</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E3709677DC0FE14DE295EA2799CCB973">610</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CFCC66752009A8E5B365060609BEC215">636</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C20C94CCCD40B823B35787A2DBCE63E7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="501AAB4415F4C140D3156F5AAD7F9302" type="HNS-Pub">21293</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="306A26B93AE64C08957F7D535D973168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:306A26B93AE64C08957F7D535D973168" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/306A26B93AE64C08957F7D535D973168" lastPageNumber="623" pageNumber="621">
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<subSubSection id="0D89520ED272541EFE40583070A0C0EF" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="92C6FE793A313A3D1C5BF8450534F501" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="B623F90CDFB6FE4BFE419309D7975CB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">Formica incerta Buren</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="69FC4979FFC9837B2EBF2447E1995ECD">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2C9DD4CED68DDE34DD570EE1348777B4">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="659AB01B02932A27157904650FD033DD" type="description">
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<paragraph id="91F745CBADEF8B7AEAF31972C47C462D" pageNumber="621">Figures. 4 c, 5 c, 6 c</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED2ED233C3CA8D617D5E597D33DB2699" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="74068A6C66696708D7C6A6482ED9D69B" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="D2BDA9EFF88549492793BEEE75616523" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. incerta" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidefulva" subSpecies="schaufussi" variety="incerta">Formica pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. incerta Emery</taxonomicName>
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, 1893 [Unavailable name]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41B68EA10888A64F3EDF0F0A66732EF2" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="C85875EC04D8510FBC9BEEDA995D5E90" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237940" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. incerta" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidefulva" subGenus="Neoformica" subSpecies="schaufussi" variety="incerta">Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva subsp. schaufussi var. incerta</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, 1913 b
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7112E9FFE185D900C2FAFACD117D0FA0" pageNumber="621">
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<materialsCitation id="A7C90A2518262D9E539CCA38D9D77913" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481496" collectingDate="iv- 13 - 1886" collectionCode="MCSN" collectorName="A. Francoeur" country="U S A" location="Examined. Five" stateProvince="District of Columbia" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<collectingRegionGroup id="EA32B2CD3CC282645961E5980E6D08B3" country="U S A">
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<materialsCitationGroup id="CA24265201886FBF635BFCFB0E303A24" country="U S A" stateProvince="District of Columbia">
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<taxonomicName id="45C146DF92C797D79C5776A82ECFD142" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138363" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva subsp. incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pallidefulva" subGenus="Neoformica" subSpecies="incerta">Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva subsp. incerta</taxonomicName>
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: Buren, 1944 [First available use of
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<taxonomicName id="724EF2D65CEDD3C798C6FA752E75BB81" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">incerta</taxonomicName>
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]
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<typeStatus id="AB637459890D22F37016CFD8D01526D9">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers,
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<collectingRegion id="CBEB95439A35C7CA741FB2865EB3427E">District of Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EBF993AF09DA39804D99644D5FAEEB23">iv- 13 - 1886</collectingDate>
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(
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<collectionCode id="3D701770B8437F93B560E6C441E48381" Doria="Doria" Giacomo="Giacomo" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ">MCSN</collectionCode>
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) [
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<location id="24EDE35C8987F222FBF82514E635079C" LSID="plazi:E4C280D4027270EB574F67DFEE990F7C:DB6FF8EE409F7BBBD47E72D455B1BC29" country="U S A" name="Examined. Five" stateProvince="District of Columbia">Examined. Five</location>
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workers on three pins labeled
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<typeStatus id="15F41FA988597307A383A6EB5A366593">paratypes</typeStatus>
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by A. Francoeur]
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</materialsCitationGroup>
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</collectingRegionGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8276C7313EBC4361B95C8653203C04DC" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="EFD36651FB4D8003FE2F5A0B760744DD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva" subGenus="Neoformica">Formica (Neoformica) pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950, in part
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="750E7C11885233DC6C022D879234D0C9" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="DB492587E5DB10831EACA715F9FBDF61" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237942" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Neoformica) schaufussi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi" subGenus="Neoformica">Formica (Neoformica) schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Creighton, 1950, in part
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="36C1FD0AA484DB23FD2F2C7E10B560B7" pageNumber="621">
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<taxonomicName id="C79E879D9F201B3DE4856BF68121B719" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Formica schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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: Robson & Traniello, 1998, in part [Vouchers examined] (JCT)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F8103B2434A632E54670B5B65F8DD67E" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1013C0DE50A3180A371FA0412037CC69" pageNumber="621">DIAGNOSIS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60B5AAEC572E456FF2A3BDF6A38BE1B8" lastPageNumber="622" pageNumber="621">
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Worker A relatively shiny grassland
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<taxonomicName id="4C44DED13592C45F26454E1B8FD55509" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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with a relatively broad head (mean CI = 86.77), sides of head more convex (Fig. 5 c) and scapes relatively short (mean SI = 132.99). Head and gaster rich, dark brown (northeast) to brownish-yellow with darker tip (prairie region). Mesosoma and legs yellowish-brown to light yellowish-brown. Mesosoma often a little lighter than head, and both lighter than gaster. Specimens in the Great Plains portion of the range are nearly concolorous brownish yellow except for the darker gastral apex. Mesosomal macrochaetae of
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<taxonomicName id="F0A32327047FC91E27B60050C4ABF723" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="621" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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typically conspicuously shortest on propodeum. Erect pilosity on gaster relatively short, straight or only slightly curved, if curved, usually below the mid-point of the length of the macrochaetae. Gaster shiny, but its sheen dulled by faint tessellation and medium density pubescence (Fig. 4 c) composed of pale grayish appressed microchaetae
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="81691199AE1E973DFE6AA8C9156F4FF9" pageNumber="622">
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Queen Color, gastral pubescence and shininess like the workers, with the usual differences in size. Color pattern differing from workers and from that of queens of all other species in that there are three distinct, dark spots on the mesoscutum, one anteromedian and two lateral over the parapsidal
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<taxonomicName id="695BC58F90263D897030DA1BD078D335" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229523" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica fusca r. lemani var. sulci Samsinák" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulci">sulci</taxonomicName>
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. These may cover most of the mesoscutal area or may be reduced to longitudinal dark elliptical marks. Upper portion of head, pronotum, sides of mesothorax, propodeum and gastral dorsum with faint tessellation. Wings, when present, clear brownish to clear smoky gray.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43C66AC9E62C4A54EB742464535C8393" pageNumber="622">
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Male Pubescence and pilosity abundant; mesosomal dorsum dull-punctate; entire body uniform black or dull blackish brown, legs reddish brown; wings clear brownish to clear smoky gray. Averages smaller than the nearly similar
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<taxonomicName id="F44F37975AB9CF15189B92222283E39A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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and smaller and of more uniform blackish color than males of
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<taxonomicName id="C34847BDC29E5A3542661DAAF76D7945" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12FCB56DFE56F6A1EFB24428142B9E48" pageNumber="622">DISTINGUISHING FEATURES</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33261D8F28CE77F4ADEF9A749EC61B60" pageNumber="622">
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Metrically,
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<taxonomicName id="47A00C6058AD6030A14780BAE99C7BB6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from the other species in the group by a relatively broad head and short scapes (CI and SI, Table 1). In the northeast part of its range, more pilose
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<taxonomicName id="77450F687909EC10AF7751F8CDB4455B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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individuals may be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="D80869BBFE9712EC5A67AC507C0083D7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="CD3EA79A7E4287309F65AF276A9951C9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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specimens with little pilosity may be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="CD1D8E5E6A46046670264C2542EB4E9C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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. The geographic range of
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<taxonomicName id="C26D25BC7AB377DA9A6B07FFF5D42D53" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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|
completely overlaps that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F6FD75B866AD0C93367C8165AC0C966" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and most places where they are found together in the field,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F6F6E1C0D18D852EDBCF89EDFEAC6EB4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears lighter in color and less shiny than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30B89B8C165F181971A6217408244187" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
, due to some faint tessellation on the mesosoma and somewhat longer, denser pubescence on the gastral dorsum of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2DD0440FCDA02EA204B65B225539F3B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Mesosomal and gastral pilosity is usually much less abundant than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="32705E2F7B55006C22C31EE7385F33B7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
and averages slightly less abundant than in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29D2D2A4050630BAD06D70F0794F8314" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Also,
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|
<taxonomicName id="194F568356785D20C3CB6D417ECB608F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
is darker and shinier than sympatric
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7BAD325D9CCEEC1B5B49B21C668F3A6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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|
. See
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|
<taxonomicName id="7DDCCC5C881FFB1EDEC2355B0F3DA607" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica biophilica" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biophilica">F. biophilica</taxonomicName>
|
|
account for the differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="453701FD979A4184F5064453DC8E5828" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
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and that species.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="FE1CEC178D3C398C98072357F6612292" type="etymology">
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|
<paragraph id="E4F7DE76AE632B1093E76753C645B050" pageNumber="622">ETYMOLOGY</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="934FA1863216DA7E5523F871C9630153" pageNumber="622">This name was coined by Emery from the Latin adjective incertus meaning uncertain. This seems appropriate to describe Emery's own and subsequent authors doubts regarding the validity of this species.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="BB536F6C601D27CBA6A2D8A635D2FD9A" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="031CCAE4B554495141855BEA20E1D129" pageNumber="622">RANGE AND HABITAT</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="32134769870512313E3909E8614BA3FC" pageNumber="622">
|
|
This species occurs from New England and the Great Lakes States west to Minnesota, Nebraska and low elevation grasslands of Colorado (and New Mexico?). It extends south in eastern US to the balds, meadows and old fields of the southern Appalachians.
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|
<taxonomicName id="CA7792142E48EFC0145B68D2FDC94395" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="622" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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|
is especially abundant in native mesic and dry-mesic grasslands, but also occurs in parks, campuses and lawns, fields and forest clear-cuts. In the Northeast, it occurs in heathland and sand barrens, and in the Midwest it is characteristic and abundant in prairie remnants, botanically diverse old fields and meadows, and native prairie reconstructions.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C2B99E013642663E318ADABF6633CD4F" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="23FD1DE9638600B2B4567AE9F98B767D" pageNumber="622">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="59C0055EC3CE3613754F1C8680B945E1" lastPageNumber="623" pageNumber="622">(CANADA) ONTARIO: Lambton. (UNITED STATES) CONNECTICUT: Litchfield; DELAWARE: Kent; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington; ILLINOIS: DuPage; Madison; IOWA: Dubuque; Johnson; Winneshiek; KENTUCKY: Laurel; MAINE: Androscoggan; Cumberland; Kennebeck; MARYLAND: Allegany; Baltimore; MASSACHUSETTS: Essex; Worchester; MICHIGAN: Livingston; MINNESOTA: Crow Wing; MISSOURI: Audrain; Boone; Callaway; Franklin; Harrison; Jasper; Madison; St. Louis; NEBRASKA: Hall; NEW JERSEY: Burlington; Essex; Gloucester; Salem; NEW YORK: Rockland; Suffolk; NORTH CAROLINA: Cocke; Haywood; OHIO: Adams; Butler; Champaign; Delaware; Hamilton; Hocking; Jackson; Montgomery; PENNSYLVANIA: Chester; Delaware; VIRGINIA: Farifax; Rapahannock; Washington; WISCONSIN: Crawford; Washburn; Waushara.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="BCEE7FDD4F0BA7CDE0AD44522C0B47BA" type="biology_ecology">
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|
<paragraph id="7C1BEFA4ED85A8DBA4A8037B0616A2EA" pageNumber="623">NATURAL HISTORY</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="518FE9B306F841806A6E27490056F685" pageNumber="623">
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|
Nests are in bare soil, or beneath a grass clump, in the latter case often with a small, irregular, conical (5 - 15 cm wide, 10 - 20 cm tall) mound of soil and plant fragments. This is often the first
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3278636E61EC0E7E2668697621A424A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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|
species to become abundant on restored native grasslands,Conservation Reserve Program grassland plantings on former farmland and cut-over forests. A healthy population of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0547A5AAF445416B0722119D5F0647DA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
may facilitate colonization by its parasites
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BD06A98A839671709E9229B6B34F645" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29068" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica difficilis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">F. difficilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79C5E700D32E46E9FD553FCC58B7E47C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29169" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pergandei Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">F. pergandei</taxonomicName>
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|
, if these occur nearby. It is less abundant than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C123A174825EFB48D9384322A218BD8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
in lawns, campuses and parks.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9492DB5E62C521869B650C30BEEC6FAF" pageNumber="623">
|
|
This is often the most abundant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5A42100332A400B8CECC02FDBEE69F09" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
species in mesic tallgrass prairies from central Illinois, Nebraska and south to Oklahoma and northeast Arkansas, and also in balds, meadows and old fields at higher elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Sweepnet samples from all these types of habitats rarely fail to include
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F3B1C7A05008D17A76742DE569853D5A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and thus insect collections housed at institutions near them may be rife with samples of individuals so captured. In the Great Lakes Region and New England, this species is more associated with sandy soils and pastureland and often nests under rocks. In the northern glaciated prairie region,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0995D499F18090948C712662E38FF5F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be a dominant ant in sand prairies, but is largely displaced from sites with moister, finer-textured soils, which are dominated by aggressive, mound-building
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E7B1F9EE86854166DBBB141D32A7C904" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7DBA95115EA8DCB1E85127822BE7D95F" pageNumber="623">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AB2D0D31E0B650DAECDF6812FA731CA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears to be the only host of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="12432E528872F61C109893E162472501" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151755" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Polyergus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Polyergus lucidus lucidus Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lucidus" subSpecies="lucidus">Polyergus lucidus lucidus</taxonomicName>
|
|
collections examined from New England states, New Jersey, southern Ontario, Wisconsin and Missouri.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="446D575B654E3D0F34E21A85A6F23B60" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also frequent among the many hosts of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B517A7182ABDC4CCCF2D573B69CD92E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29169" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pergandei Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pergandei">F. pergandei</taxonomicName>
|
|
and in western Missouri prairies commonly occurs as a slave of this species, either alone or in mixed populations with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB44F62A89913FA24D27CDC542FD5403" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica subsericea Say" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subsericea">F. subsericea</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA0AD0DAE8D32E19AFB0DB5A0A806439" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears to be the primary host of alloparasitic (dispersing) queens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3249B9985B58A64D95FE956202251F79" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29068" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica difficilis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">F. difficilis Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the queen of which bears a superficial resemblance to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="482D8F95CED6D266DDDEBFC5FA54E958" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers. Indeed, Wheeler (1904) first used the term temporary social parasitism to describe the relationship he elucidated between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7446ACC8B006209FFF52125363A40709" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29068" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica difficilis Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">F. difficilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(as var.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C99470E9E13ECD60C81476CE18A1C321" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229496" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica consocians Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocians">consocians</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6BCBC9C7E0916BEE49D91AC851734E73" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Connecticut.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4AC5B5EEE2563AB3103CF252268ACAFE" pageNumber="623">
|
|
This ant often visits extrafloral nectaries of sunflowers, partridge peas and other prairie plants. It also tends aphids and membracids on a variety of plants.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E834FEA1E527500EF365888147352DEE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers defend these sugar sources from non-nest mates of their own species, from other, smaller ant species and from some parasitoids. However, in areas where there are greater numbers of aggressive mound-building prairie
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C78A62A0458ECC71C5F3AC8C931E5B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
species (e. g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0FB6C77E8DDA810910273C253627711E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29137" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica montana Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">F. montana Wheeler</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC20E42EA09830FAD66BFD213C2554BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29150" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica obscuripes Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripes">F. obscuripes Forel</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8E69DDBA5848E5DF90FFD5A2A6031B11" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
becomes more furtive and opportunistic in its honeydew gathering, as described below for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="797A1729CBAB38D919020D9A80C64CFA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Foraging strategy and recruitment to food sources has been well studied in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="124F7C016247C43876C1A18092EC8F37" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and incidentally, in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C91269894692A85B49405F9F8AB651F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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|
) by Robson & Traniello (1998, and included references to their earlier work). These authors identified their study subject as
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<taxonomicName id="9461B769F98F512772843B40885CBF5E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29203" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica schaufussi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">F. schaufussi</taxonomicName>
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in the articles, but vouchers sent by Robson were examined for this revision. These were mostly
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<taxonomicName id="23D05C924CE3C9179D87F29FE93ED671" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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, but also included a sample of
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<taxonomicName id="EE986D88486026DB72E864B77906DEAA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:237932" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica dolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolosa">F. dolosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="938070F6BFF8E287914833E66DBBA1F3" pageNumber="623">
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In grasslands, especially those recently burned, northern flickers (Colaptes
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<taxonomicName id="3EF747959F331F609E619261D3C9198F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:191819" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica (Cryptocerus) atratus Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auratus">auratus</taxonomicName>
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) prey heavily on
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<taxonomicName id="0C5E24732F10373705CE557B4F057B24" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
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species, including
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|
<taxonomicName id="9793527CDB5E14563A84ACC35594D2CE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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|
. This is especially so on sunny, late winter days when workers migrate intranidally toward the surface, seeking warmth.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="B1202BAB521A79A71A7A3D031310740C" lastPageNumber="624" pageNumber="623">
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Alates occur in the nests in July and August in New England and the northern prairies, and a few weeks earlier in the unglaciated prairie region and southern Appalachians. It is worth noting that the maturation of alates of
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<taxonomicName id="7BA2ABF96AC103AA004B86C11851E56B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
|
|
may precede that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="32F7957BDFE5F662734E955C3E4F4EFE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229629" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva incerta Buren" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="623" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">F. incerta</taxonomicName>
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|
in by two or three weeks, suggesting a possible temporal mechanism for reproductive isolation. Flights have not been observed, but several mated queens have been captured walking about in mid to late morning in Missouri. In the lab, these recently mated queens are nervous in captivity and often fail to rear their first workers, in contrast to the ready adaptability to captive conditions of F.
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|
<taxonomicName id="D3BE84DE91EC82AA26F73754B0AA4DFE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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queens. Worker pupae are typically enclosed in a light tan cocoon and sexual pupae have darker tan cocoons. This is in contrast to the frequently naked worker pupae of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8BC47C6345003F543750EE1598BE15AD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29166" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica pallidefulva Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="624" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidefulva">F. pallidefulva</taxonomicName>
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, as was earlier noted by both Wheeler (1904) and Talbot (1948).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |