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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-219-145" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" ModsDocID="1314-2003-219-145" checkinTime="1677023374729" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moonlight, Peter W. &amp; Cardoso, Domingos Benicio Oliveira Silva" docDate="2023" docId="2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 219: 145-170" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 219" docPubDate="2023-02-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779" docTitle="Keraunea confusa Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1677023374729" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moonlight, Peter W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4342-2089</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">p.moonlight@rbge.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardoso, Domingos Benicio Oliveira Silva</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-2656</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>219</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>145</mods:start>
<mods:end>170</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-219-145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A2ECEB672C4D5027A90252D384FB1795</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
4.
<taxonomicName LSID="2FAB84E9-474A-56EB-B7FF-B3B747DE60C7" authority="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityName="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea confusa" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">Keraunea confusa Moonlight &amp; D.B.O.S.Cardoso</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="145">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitat and morphology of Keraunea confusa Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso A-C karstic Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Minas Gerais D-G habit H-I branching pattern J close up of side shoot. All photographs by Domingos Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/813030" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
Most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. brasiliensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differing in its larger leaves (to 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12 cm versus to 7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4 cm) with brochidodromous (versus camptodromous) leaf venation and a rugose (versus flat) leaf texture and by its leaves and stems with a sericeous (versus hirtellous) indumentum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-05-25" collectorName="de Fabiao, J. A. Lombardi, A. Salino" country="Brazil" latitude="-15.130834" location="Abrigo do Malhador" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-44.252834" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Bahia">Bahia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Mun.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Januária">Januaria</normalizedToken>
, distrito
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fabião">Fabiao</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, junto ao
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7:BA142F4315871D838130B7B7D3F2B5E7" country="Brazil" latitude="-15.130834" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-44.252834" name="Abrigo do Malhador" stateProvince="Bahia">Abrigo do Malhador</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="7.85" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-15.130834">15°7.85'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="15.17" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-44.252834">44°15.17'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1997-05-25">25 May 1997</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<collectorName>J.A. Lombardi</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>A. Salino</collectorName>
1819
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: BHCB [BHCB017209]; isotypes: HRCB [acc. #26438]; K [K001395055], UEC [UEC117783])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
Scandent shrub or liana, to 4 m tall. Stems cylindrical, hollow, 2-5 mm in diameter, rarely branching, sericeous-pubescent with silky hairs; internodes 3.8-16.5 cm long; side shoots 2.6-3.5 cm long, sericeous-pubescent. Leaves of the main stem with the blades 9.5-17
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.6-13.5 cm, ovate, velutinous-pubescent, the venation pinnate, brochidodromous, with 5-7 secondary veins, the base truncate to subcordate, the margins entire, ciliate, the apex attenuate to acute; petioles of leaves on main stem 10-16 mm long, distinctly curved to 90°
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of the way along their length. Side shoots with 2-5 leaves, these progressively larger along the shoot; blades 2.1-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-12 cm, velutinous-pubescent, the venation as on leaves of the main stems, the base rounded to truncate, the margins entire, ciliate, the apex obtuse; petioles 3-25 mm long, sericeous-pubescent. Inflorescence corymbose, with 2-4 flowers; free portion of the peduncle 5-13 mm long, 2.2-2.8 cm long, the remainder adnate to the bracteole, sericeous-pubescent; bracteole 4.9-5.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.7-5.1 cm, inserted ca. ⅓ of the way along the pedicel or rarely lacking, ovate, sericeous-pubescent, the venation as the leaves, the base short cuneate, the margins entire, ciliate, the apex attenuate. Flowers incompletely known, 5-merous. Calyx with the tube campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm long, the lobes ca. 7-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm, ensiform, sericeous-pubescent. Corolla unknown; androecium and gynoecium unknown. Fruit inserted on the accrescent bracteole; calyx persistent, expanding to 9 mm long.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/813030" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Habitat and morphology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea confusa" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moonlight &amp; D.B.O.S.Cardoso
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">A-C</emphasis>
karstic Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Minas Gerais
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">D-G</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">H-I</emphasis>
branching pattern
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">J</emphasis>
close up of side shoot. All photographs by Domingos Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea confusa" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Brazil and to the state of Minas Gerais (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of species of the genus Keraunea. Shading denotes elevation; two letter codes represent the standardised two letter codes for the states of Brazil. Species are coloured as follows: blue, K. brasiliensis Cheek &amp; Simao-Bianchini; black, K. bullata Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso; yellow, K. capixaba Lombardi; red, K. confusa Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso; green, K. velutina Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.219.101779.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/813026" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
All collections of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. confusa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from karstic (limestone) areas, where plants have been collected growing over rocks and vegetation in the understory of Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea confusa" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from two localities and has an AOO of ca. 12 km2. Two of the known collections (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Lombardi &amp; Salino 1819</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Lombardi 2107</emphasis>
) were made within Parque Nacional Cavernas do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peruaçu">Peruacu</normalizedToken>
, which includes extensive karst limestone habitat suitable for the species. We know of no specific threats to this species but provide a preliminary assessment as Vulnerable (VU D2) because of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="species">species'</normalizedToken>
few known localities (
<bibRefCitation author="Holstein, N" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B11" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
The epithet refers to the confusion that has surrounded the taxonomic history of this species, which was both included within the original circumscription of the type species and the placement of the genus in the wrong family by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" pagination="453 - 457" refId="B2" refString="Cheek, M, Simao-Bianchini, R, 2013. Keraunea gen. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from Brazil. Nordic Journal of Botany 31 (4): 453 - 457, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" title="Keraunea gen. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00096.x" volume="31" year="2013">
Cheek and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simão-Bianchini">Simao-Bianchini</normalizedToken>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="identification notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Identification notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moonlight &amp; D. B. O. S. Cardoso" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Keraunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Keraunea confusa" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Keraunea confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of two species of the genus with brochidodromous venation, the other of which is
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. bullata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="K. bullata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">K. bullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its generally bigger leaves measuring 9.5-17 cm long (versus 4.2-10.5 cm long), rugose (versus bullate) leaf texture and by the tertiary veins, which are plane to the lower leaf surface (versus raised).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
(
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
).
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-10-26" collectingDateMax="2022-12-05" collectingDateMin="1997-10-26" collectorName="D. Cardoso, Mun. Januaria, de Fabiao, J. A. Lombardi" country="Brazil" county="Montalvania" elevation="400" latitude="-14.5124445" location="Manga-Januaria" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-44.236946" municipality="Manga" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: Mun. Manga, BR-135, entre
<normalizedToken originalValue="Montalvânia">
<collectingCounty>Montalvania</collectingCounty>
</normalizedToken>
e
<collectingMunicipality>Manga</collectingMunicipality>
, afloramento de
<normalizedToken originalValue="calcário">calcario</normalizedToken>
do lado esquerdo a ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
da rodovia sentido
<normalizedToken originalValue="Manga-Januária">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7:77B6BB4A08330248FC0BC41F8F342C2A" country="Brazil" county="Montalvania" latitude="-14.5124445" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-44.236946" municipality="Manga" name="Manga-Januaria" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Manga-Januaria</location>
</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.8" value="-14.5124445">14°30'44.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="-44.175503">44°10'31.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2022-12-05">5 Dec. 2022</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<collectorName>D. Cardoso</collectorName>
et al. 4916
</emphasis>
(ALCB, HUEFS, TCD, RB),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<collectorName>D. Cardoso</collectorName>
et al. 4918
</emphasis>
(ALCB, HUEFS, TCD, RB);
<collectorName>
Mun.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Januária">Januaria</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, distrito
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fabião">Fabiao</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, junto ao
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2FAB84E9474A56EBB7FFB3B747DE60C7:87356239C16BD9243AD0D09CC029C494" country="Brazil" county="Montalvania" latitude="-14.5124445" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-44.236946" municipality="Manga" name="Abrigo do Malhador" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Abrigo do Malhador</location>
, 15°7'16&quot;-
<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-15.149166">15°8'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 44°15'20&quot;-
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-44.236946">44°14'13&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1997-10-26">26 Oct. 1997</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="145">
<collectorName>J.A. Lombardi</collectorName>
2107
</emphasis>
(BHCB [BHCB017210], K [K000593363])
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>