treatments-xml/data/2F/82/83/2F8283D65D612955BFFF1AB4F9E71210.xml

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<mods:title id="7DA9B45212AD33BABA3D5DA79109AF78">A review of the Paectes arcigera species complex (Guenee) (Lepidoptera, Euteliidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="CDCD6ECA8664AC0A38F3A67E9B645AF0" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D8A70EA83B20B5B3238B53603ED8BBD3" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="6DBDA61BCF2BB46016E5A5DFC7208621" ID-CoL="94695" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Paectes_nana" authority="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana (Walker)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CC196873EDBCB2535C9ED22737DB747" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 9-11323950
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A304509370F7B98DFFB4F824869C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="227756B32B23954F7EFC53E273D1E8A1" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="A0842BD2543B55372555718FDD504DF0" genus="Edema" lsidName="Edema nana" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1865: 425.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01A3FB56AC2D7250979A1E32AFAB3E0C" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="0AC6B91D940BB1BD7312560F339C068B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1901: 455. syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="130458879E8F0432DBE1CA74A7577DB4" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="59DAD9946454CE97998580A0C298EF89" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
Schaus, 1923: 38. syn. rev. (previously synonymized by Poole 1993 under 
<taxonomicName id="B72328E21906DEBD8F8D4A0EA62CA568" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes arcigera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcigera">Paectes arcigera</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79C62F7706813927077D1303FBF0D53E" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="8A15AF6252E52CEB80E744804C38054F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
Schaus, 1923: 39. syn. rev. (previously synonymized by Poole 1993 under 
<taxonomicName id="24E3CA31B6A35A9FFCBCB680CDBA3194" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes arcigera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcigera">Paectes arcigera</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C44A4E3907799B63F8CBEF8634E43FA7" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" type="type material">
<paragraph id="0B2A27B4BD60F4FB907BAE8747A38E49" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C85592AED67607F777B3FC283AA6AD7A" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="667BEACFBED6A4FDC4F740451D138C24" genus="Edema" lsidName="Edema nana" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" rank="species" species="nana">Edema nana</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: &quot;Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo&quot; Holotype male. UMO; photograph examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DB835F121627617BFBF18DCD7A7A85B" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="7BE9C68DC68BE92527F8EF3E845B0F32" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Ingura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingura burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Ingura burserae</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: USA: Florida, Palm Beach. Syntypes male, female. USNM; types examined. Dyar listed two types, a male and female, in his original description. I hereby designate the male as lectotypeto avoid confusion in this complicated group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18A992FCE5FEC852ABC3889C236B3920" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="8A051E8C90542DAC805F0EE8F2DF1000" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes indefatigabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indefatigabilis">Paectes indefatigabilis</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: [Ecuador]: [Galapagos Islands]: Indefatigable, Conway Bay. Lectotype male. USNM; examined. 
<bibRefCitation id="6EE4116815ADBECA534F4F02ED7FAB9C" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="36" pageNumber="161" pagination="33 - 39" title="The types of some noctuid moths from the Galapagos Islands described by William Schaus in 1923 (Lepidoptera)." volume="75" year="1973">Todd (1973)</bibRefCitation>
designated the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A424DC578E405D8008AD2946363F91D4" pageId="7" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="F96B0549E9E2BAB3FBB8716175208756" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes isabel" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabel">Paectes isabel</taxonomicName>
- Type locality: [Ecuador]: [Galapagos Islands]: Indefatigable, Conway Bay. Holotype male. USNM; examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FAACF9C02B817838B68FBA826A813DE7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="635B8407B58BC6CA5624CCDD3DE86D47" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
<pageBreakToken id="105F403DCC57AD140F64C1834D3B23A0" pageId="8" pageNumber="133" start="start">Other</pageBreakToken>
material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85ADAE39B37664CF8A91018B81735A91" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="8" pageNumber="133">
All from USNM unless noted. (121 males, 91 females). COLOMBIA: BOYACA: Muzo, 400-800 m, (1 female), Fassl [BMNH]. CAUCA: Popayan, May 1972 (1 male), R. Perry [BMNB]. MAGDALENA: Don Amo, 2000 
<pageBreakToken id="5CA1BD3E0AFB7AF509CFA58E6DBD1DCB" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" start="start">ft</pageBreakToken>
., June 1911 (6 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1302, female MGP 1304, 4000 ft., (2 males, 1 female), H. H. Smith [BMNH]; Minca, 2000 ft., (2 males), June (1 male, 1 female), H. H. Smith [BMNH]; Valparaiso, 4000 ft., (2 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1300, H. H. Smith [BMNH]. SANTA MARTA: Onaca, 
<normalizedToken id="E4A385E4AFEE78209D9E04229EAEDACE" originalValue="June–Aug">June-Aug</normalizedToken>
. (2 males, 6 females), genitalia slide male MGP 1301, female MGP 1303, C. Engelke [BMNH]. COSTA RICA: no specific locality, (1 male) genitalia slide MGP 1329, Underwood, BMNH; GUANACASTE: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Mundo Nuevo, Quebrada Tibio Perla, 300 m, 26 Nov. 2009 (1 female), J. Cortez, host: 
<taxonomicName id="3004EE8051BEA0038FE4F282BE11D03D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Potrerillos, Rio Azufrado, 95 m, 29 Sep. 2002 (1 female), G. Pereira, host: 
<taxonomicName id="DAC76B87B18655567C36F0D9BA3C5CD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Quebrada Guapote, 240 m, 12 July 1994 (1 female), 280 m, 7 July 1993 (3 males, 1 female), gusaneros, host: 
<taxonomicName id="1E77AD5C7A35E49A50EE5AFFE2665FEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 4 May 1995 (5 males, 14 females), genitalia slide male USNM 136087, gusaneros, 22 Aug. 1984 (1 female), D.H. Janzen, host: 
<taxonomicName id="065D918EF0DE4E4798576029E9FB9614" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emillio, 300 m, 30 June 1983 (1 male), 7 July 1983 (2 males), D.H. Janzen, host: 
<taxonomicName id="9C5BFA0D57CF1C3D1E77F877961C1DA5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Laguna Escondida 285 m, 23 June 2005 (1 male, 1 female), R. Franco, host: 
<taxonomicName id="C47254D2549C4568F3CBC76C447557DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo, 290 m, 21 Aug. 1991 (1 male), gusaneros, host: 
<taxonomicName id="540BA867190A8F82EE4AC9B61F8C7671" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Santa Rosa, Luces, 6 July 1992 (1 female), gusaneros, host: 
<taxonomicName id="B9E10236F3FD1BE19D904B50458602DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Pocosol, Casa Garzal, 245 m, 1 July 2004 (1 male), R. Franco, host: 
<taxonomicName id="CBB463B22F560C61E740E2F56661EC2D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Cacao, Sendero Guayabal, 500 m, 7 Oct. 2004 (1 male, 1 female), D. Garcia, host: 
<taxonomicName id="8E9C8B585FC46D5BC0996FE29E99E856" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
. CUBA: LA HABANA: Santiago de Las Vegas, 12 July 1931 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136068, A. Otero. ORIENTE: Santiago, (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 33943. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: BARAHONA: nr. Filipinas, Larimar Mine, 20-26 June 1997 (5 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1334, P. Landolt, R. Woodruff, P. Skelley [LAN]. DAJABON:13 km S Loma de Cabrera, 400 m, 20-22 May 1973 (2 females), D. &amp; M. Davis. LA VEGA: Hotel Montana, 520 m, 28 May 1973 (2 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 135936, D. &amp; M. Davis; Constanza, Hotel Nueva Suiza, 1164 m, 29 May 1973 (1 female), D. &amp; M. Davis; vic. Jarabocoa, 22 June 1981 (1male), 27 June 1981 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136266, C.V. Covell, Jr. NATIONAL DISTRICT: Santo Domingo, (1 female), A. Busck. ECUADOR: GALAPAGOS: Indefatigable, Conway Bay, 1 Apr. 1923 (1 male, 3 females), genitalia slide male USNM 135966; South Seymour, 23 Apr. 1923 (1 male). IMBABURA: Paramba, Jan. -May (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1309 [BMNH]. GUATEMALA: BAJA VERAPAZ: Chejel, Schaus and Barnes Coll. (1 male), genitalia slide, USNM 135915. SUCHITEPEQUEZ: Univ. del Valle de Guatemala Research Station, nr. Aldea Adelaida/Finca Panama, nr. Santa Barbara, 1550 m, 12 Aug. 2010 (1 male), P.J. Landolt [LAN]. ZACAPA: Santa Cruz, Marble Quarry rd., NE of Teculutan, 560 m, 18 July 2007 (3 males, 1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1339, 290 m, 19 July 2007 (2 males), genitalia slide MGP 1342, P.J. Landolt 
<pageBreakToken id="0F1F367D8B86D1B4BA4456F7934D363E" pageId="10" pageNumber="135" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
LAN], (1 male), R.S. Zack [WSU]. MEXICO: DISTRICTO FEDERAL: Mexico City, (1 male), C. Mayer [BMNH]. HIDALGO: 5 mi E Tulancingo, 7400 ft., 24 July 1963 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136055, Duckworth &amp; Davis; nr. San Vicente, 2 July 1965 (4 males), genitalia slide USNM 135954, Flint &amp; Ortiz; Zacualpan, 15 Aug. (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide male USNM 33942, R. Muller. JALISCO: Guadalajara, Coll. Wm. Schaus (1 female); Guadalajara, Oct. -Nov. 1898 (1 male), P. H. Goldsmith, Oct. 1896 (1 male), Schaus [BMNH]. OAXACA: Oaxaca, (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 42805, Coll. Wm. Schaus, June 1896 (1 male), Schaus [BMNH]. PUEBLA: Tehuacan, 11 June (1 female), R. Muller. TAMAULIPAS: Rancho del Cielo, 6 km NNW Gomez Farias, 3500 ft., July 1982 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 135056, M.A. Solis. VERACRUZ: Orizaba, 11 June (1 male), R. Muller; Jalapa, (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1326, M. Trujillo [BMNH]. YUCUTAN: Chichen Itza, 7 July 1955 (1 female), E. C. Welling [BMNH]. U.S.A.: FLORIDA: Collier Co., Chokoloskee, (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slides m USNM 136256, f USNM 136262. Hernando Co.: Bay Port, 24 Jan. 1989 (7 males, 2 females), genitalia slides male MGP 1274, 1277, 1281, J. Gillmore MGCL. Lee Co.: no specific locality, 18 Sep. 1987 (1 male), genitalia slide USNM 136052, D. Maloney USNM. Levy Co.: Cedar Key, 20 Sep. 1995 (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide m MGP 1280, J. Gillmore &amp; J. Medal MGCL. Manatee Co., Oneco, May 1954 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136258, P. Dillman. Miami-Dade Co.: Royal Palm State Park, (1 male, 1 female), Mar. (1 female), genitalia slides female USNM 136041, 136261, F.M. Jones; Oweissa-Bauer Hammock, 27 Dec. 1979 (1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1287, H.D. Baggett MGCL. Monroe Co.: Big Pine Key, Cactus Hammock, 20 Sep. 1989 (2 males), genitalia slides male MGP 1282, 1283, D. Habeck, J. Gillmore, M. Hennessey MGCL; Crawl Key, 22 Mar. 1988 (1 male), genitalia Vial #83, D.H. Habeck MGCL; Fleming Key, 20 June 1979 (1 male, 1 female), J.A. Acree &amp; H.V. Weems, Jr. MGCL; Key Largo, 16 Sep. 1964 (1 female), Mrs. Spencer Kemp MGCL; Key Largo Key [sic], 20 Sep. 1964 (1 male, 1 female), genitalia slide male MGP 1278, Mrs. Spencer Kemp MGCL; Long Key State Park, 21 Dec. 1983 (1 male), T.S. Dickel TDC; No Name Key, 29 July 1992 (1 male), W.L. Adair, Jr. MGCL. Pinellas Co.: Dunedin, Hammock Park, 19 Jan. 1986 (1 female), 2 Feb. 1986 (1 female), 8 Feb. 1986 (1 female), J.D. Worsley MGCL. Sarasota Co.: Siesta Key, 3 Jan. 1960 (1 male), 21 Nov. 1953 (1 female), genitalia slide USNM 136259, C.P. Kimball USNM, 2 Apr. 1954 (1 female), genitalia slide MGP 1286, 18 May 1957 (1 female), 18 May 1960 (1 female), 5 Nov. 1953 (1 female), C.P. Kimball MGCL; St. Lucie Co.: 8 mi N Ft. Pierce n Turnpike, 22 Sep. 1995 (1 male), D.H. Habeck, R. Goodson, G. McDermott MGCL. VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 30-31 Mar. 1978 (1 male, 1 female), 1-3 Apr. 1978 (3 males, 1 female), genitalia slide male USNM 135964, J.B. Heppner, 22-31 July 1967 (7 males, 5 females), genitalia slide male USNM 135963, genitalia slide female USNM 135960, 1-7 Aug. 1967 (7 males, 3 females), 8-14 Aug. 1967 (9 males, 5 females), 15-21 Aug. 1967 (1 male, 2 females), genitalia slide male USNM 42804, R.W. Poole. LARA: Yacambu Nat. Park, 13 km SE Sanare, 1560 m, 28-31 July 1981 (2 males), 1-5 Aug. 1981 (3 males), Genitalia slide USNM 135968, J. 
<pageBreakToken id="9DF4B8F1CD294DFF53517C2214CD0D3E" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" start="start">Heppner</pageBreakToken>
. MERIDA: Mucy Fish Hatchery, 7 km E Tabay, 6600 ft., 10-13 Feb. 1978 (1 male), J.B. Heppner. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Cucuta, (1 male), genitalia slide MGP 1305 [BMNH]. T.F. AMAZONIA: Cerro de la Neblina, Basecamp, 140 m, 1-10 Mar. 1984 (1 female), D. Davis &amp; T. McCabe. YARACUY: Aroa, (1 male, 1 female), Coll. Wm. Schaus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="067A077D5733BFB04865B523CCA84746" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="93E6922AFDC38D6A5428B2A2BC22128F" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA228B66AB294D5B15D89C9C9024B7E3" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="776378F7646FFEAD131EDF1E0FA1C279" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
has two distinct forms. The most easily recognized bears exaggerated dark markings on the apical portion of the postmedial line that is contiguous with the subapical dash, the posterior portion of the postmedial line from CuA1 to posterior margin, and the antemedial line from just dorsal to anal vein to posterior margin (Fig. 11). This form is not present in 
<taxonomicName id="C3702BC5C2D2C30C0A0AE45D296E1667" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
. The other form of 
<taxonomicName id="A19C7B73073B4540084CB9166689C29F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
most resembles both 
<taxonomicName id="2A7C62D72C9E39DEFCA1D850C5DE9B91" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Figs 8-10). The forewing costa in 
<taxonomicName id="22475A379E54A704B76E9B664677EB4E" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is gray with small, faint, dark-gray quadrate spots along the margin at approximately 1/4 and 1/2 length of wing. In 
<taxonomicName id="F0EF0C68776CE0328F910B6DA521C44B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the forewing costa is ferruginous mixed with some gray and the quadrate spots are absent (Figs 12-15). In females of 
<taxonomicName id="10EEC3B76FE96335206B10E6128EC3B7" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Figs 10-11), the medial area of the forewing is gray, or can have gray scales tipped with white, giving a slightly lighter overall color than the remainder of the forewing. In 
<taxonomicName id="09C82BABDCF90322D61A3ECFE6DF505F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
, the medial area is somewhat lighter in coloration than the remainder of forewing and entirely white scales are present as are white-tipped gray scales (Figs 16-18). A cream-colored basal spot is present and contrasts with the remainder of the forewing in 
<taxonomicName id="4B3A449A691C0E6A3CE5B5FD97A7A32D" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
, and in 
<taxonomicName id="7E28A61269445CFF48DDDDD175662635" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
the basal area is only very slightly contrasting with white-tipped gray scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20376D14F3E5738C0ABAEF3EF573F75B" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
Both the male and female genitalia are distinct between these species. In the male genitalia, the costa is thumb-like with a more produced apex in 
<taxonomicName id="7F1C73291EFC28C886DD8F268D599B8A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 32), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="68A2AB410A0379D2A396F50564AC2F7F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the costa in truncate and the apex is not produced (Fig. 33). In 
<taxonomicName id="2464C17298E77AAA63905AF66252A32B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
, there are several flat setae arising from a sclerotized ridge on the dorsal surface of the valve (Fig. 32), these flat setae are absent in 
<taxonomicName id="8C355A8004E28FB9E17AB40B5A3CCCA5" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33). The cornutus at the base of the vesica is wide in 
<taxonomicName id="5843903EA8515D71C1E3E5F560945FB1" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 32), but narrow in 
<taxonomicName id="F3EB87C9AA831AFD10460304876616E0" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 33). In the female genitalia, 
<taxonomicName id="70423E8670703509BC4A417C8BAF9B39" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by the ostium bursae being a sclerotized circle (Fig. 39), but in 
<taxonomicName id="6950EB0BF76D6D992C40AD3936F2F784" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
the ostium is crescent shaped (Fig. 40).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3018EC57ED1E5F799C5D0AA7A2DA41D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="E2C795842590BFB92DA5D22087557862" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AF99FD260C341D00FECC2746E3A0EB0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="11" pageNumber="136">
Male. Sexes dimorphic. Head - vertex with broad scales, mixture of cream-colored and light-brown scales, anterior margin with a few black scales; labial palp porrect, a mixture of gray, light-brown, dark-ferruginous, and black scales, internal surface white; eyes large, globular; frons with broad scales, projecting slightly beyond anterior eye margin, with cream-colored and light-brown scales with a few black scales medially; male antenna broadly bipectinate to 2/3 length then filiform. Thorax - prothorax concolorous with vertex, anterior margin with a thin black line; patagium concolorous with prothorax, mixed with hairlike scales; protibia white mixed with black, apical band white, obscure, tarsi black with distinct white apical bands; middle tibia grayish brown, tarsi gray with white apical bands; hind tibia cream-colored, tarsi cream colored; underside with white hairlike scales; forewing length 10.9-11.6 mm; costal area a mixture of dark-gray scales tipped a lighter color and a few black scales; distinct ovate cream-colored basal spot margined posteriorly with a few black scales; thin black antemedial line from posterior margin to middle of basal spot; interior of wing from distal margin of ovate spot to postmedial line mostly white and contrasted 
<pageBreakToken id="3CD7D51E7031AEB9E12D19F801DF67FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
subterminal and terminal areas; reniform spot obscure, with only a few pale-ferruginous scales; postmedial line black, a double line from posterior margin to vein M2 then single until merging with black dash between veins R5 and M1 that extends to outer margin; apical spot white; subterminal area brown, veins gray, color extending on to fringe; terminal line a series of black, shallow scalloped lines between veins; fringe brown, gray patches from wing veins resulting in a somewhat checkered appearance; hind wing white, marginal shading dark gray, veins highlighted dark gray, anal fold a white and dark gray striped pattern. Abdomen - cream colored scattered with a few pale-ferruginous scales; male eighth segment membranous with a pair of short, sternal, sclerotized bars and a pair of longer, wider, dorsal sclerotized bars; a pair of lateral coremata bearing numerous, fine, elongate setae. Genitalia (Fig. 32) - Uncus triangulate, apex recurved and pointed; subscaphium longer than uncus, triangulate, decurved, apex pointed; valve membranous, elongate, narrowed distally, apex round, covered with many elongate setae, basal-dorsal margin sclerotized, with several wide, spine-like setae; costa of valve short, deeply curved, apex produced and rounded, densely covered with elongate setae; sacculus well developed, proximal half fused with valve, distal half free, elongate, curved inward, longer than valve, apex round; saccus triangulate; aedeagus straight, slightly bent at distal third, dorsum in distal third covered with minute spicules; base of vesica a short tube with one flat, elongate cornutus with pointed apex directed posteriorly, vesica ovate, small round diverticulum just distal to flat basal cornutus, apex of vesica with an irregular sclerotized area bearing a short, thumb-like cornutus. Female. As in male except: Head -antenna filiform; forewing length 9.4-9.9 mm; ground color pale gray; antemedial line black, reduced to a concave line from just below Cu vein to anal vein connected to a convex line from anal vein to posterior margin; basal spot absent; interior of wing from base to postmedial line pale gray with scattered white scales or scales tipped white and only slightly paler than subterminal and terminal areas; medial line black, faint, dentate from just below Cu vein to posterior margin. Genitalia (Fig. 39) - Papillae anales truncate, soft, fleshy, covered with numerous setae; ninth sternite covered with minute spicules distally with spicules becoming larger and thicker closer to ostium bursae; anterior apophyses fused with eighth segment; posterior apophyses present; ostium bursae with sclerotized, crescent-shaped large dorsal and small ventral caps; base of ductus bursae, as it emerges from ostium bursae, sclerotized then becomes membranous and striated, after splitting with appendix bursae, ductus bursae narrower and more heavily striated; appendix bursae ovate, membranous; corpus bursae ovate, covered internally with numerous thornlike signa.
</paragraph>
<caption id="264F5ABD35BE38B551FAA0C70B51DBF9" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph id="6071CCC214D8C11FCD973F610EE0A2CC" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
Figures 9-16. 
<taxonomicName id="4396D5A4BED04FCF6CD6749E28E28568" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paectes</taxonomicName>
adults. 9 
<taxonomicName id="563F41BC11336F93A6326DF8C6D4816A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♂, nr. San Vicente, Hidalgo, Mexico, 2 July 1965, Flint &amp; Ortiz 10 
<taxonomicName id="6BA02B926B06DCC3701AFF1F42016D95" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♀, Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, 1100 m, 8-14 Aug. 1967, R. W. Poole 11 
<taxonomicName id="C6EA1E0A1E0632DACA6BF5EFA08FEBDA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
♀, Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela, 1100 m, 8-14 Aug. 1967, R. W. Poole 12 
<taxonomicName id="D8404954E0D38632E42487AF020B35FA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Grand Savane, Dominica, 31 Oct. 1966, E. L. Todd 13 
<taxonomicName id="686527C0671216CE5250D4A97C6291BA" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Santiago, Cuba 14 
<taxonomicName id="481C2F58848089330D1ABF146E5279A9" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Santiago, Cuba 15 
<taxonomicName id="D83A6D5B8000525D282192548C4CC77F" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♂, Palm Beach, Florida, Dec. 1898, R. Thaxter 16 
<taxonomicName id="FF7128827B9243C67AF6378A2CCA6D09" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
♀, Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, J. Doll
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62CEE71F164A647EAED6F47F991E88B0" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F5E3760BAD3384576690F1DC67AEE290" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37B1CD6FE027362C75A905BB24A81F20" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="B13FF0583F9E1E325BA97F84CE2B347A" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is widespread from Florida through the Greater Antilles, except for Puerto Rico, and from Mexico to Costa Rica; in South America distributed from Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Ecuador (Fig. 50). It has been introduced to the Galapagos Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="8AE524274872C16478A3F22DE8E1EF27" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<normalizedToken id="6480EC5AE023BF7FF6E1B36536B59E59" originalValue="Roque-Álbelo">Roque-Albelo</normalizedToken>
and Landry 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D4D1CD3128C42FFAFF239BE320E938A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="12" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="2327FAF95796BD176E2239303413E8DB" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is a native species from Florida that has been reared from Brazilian peppertree in several counties, including Hernando, Lee, Levy, Monroe, and St. Lucie. Larvae that were collected in September and October had a pupal stage from 9-18 days and larvae collected in January and February had a pupal stage from 11-15 days. 
<pageBreakToken id="309438C9B696213C47190DA542693ABA" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" start="start">Adults</pageBreakToken>
probably fly all year with recorded dates from 
<normalizedToken id="3CAD60FA95ABE33DEEA978FDFCC9DBE3" originalValue="January–March">January-March</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="08A105845A706A9E91E8833AEA7D7C21" originalValue="June–July">June-July</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken id="D8BFF17C9CC8E2B1600225C6752B4A36" originalValue="September–October">September-October</normalizedToken>
, and December. 
<bibRefCitation id="D53DE2C1597BCE2EA166B3E9A2061E4D" author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="35" pageNumber="160" pagination="446 - 485" title="Notes on the winter Lepidoptera of Lake Worth, Florida." volume="4" year="1901">Dyar (1901)</bibRefCitation>
stated that larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="EE28B93F61A747B623D25D50E34107FE" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
(referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="6C3A17E5C067BD7CDA19F0E3B225FEC1" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes burserae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burserae">Paectes burserae</taxonomicName>
) are common on gumbo-limbo (
<taxonomicName id="D472BFD160604E0545E175E5A235F9F8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
(L.) Sarg., Burseraceae). In Costa Rica 
<taxonomicName id="7ECFE1ACC4F232BAD0DB64A9BAACB6E7" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
collecting dates range from May through November and has been reared from 
<taxonomicName id="A8FA04888489420455241ABAC82A12B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera simaruba" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">Bursera simaruba</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B190A69842EA7483B0CBEF60B8D43617" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bursera tomentosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Bursera tomentosa</taxonomicName>
(Jacq.) Triana &amp; Planch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1132B4B610725A4E999CA56C87F21F6B" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="E63E35C25340AD4E261037637DF7588C" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2840C6D09F646DB2C07A3AF8C9FCE525" pageId="13" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="D815C53122EF3566796558D9B9BEB69B" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
has two forms. A form that is easily confused with 
<taxonomicName id="C1C643478B08AFB3EE2595D614F8328E" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes asper" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Paectes asper</taxonomicName>
and a more boldly marked form where the antemedial and postmedial lines and marginal dash are heavily marked with black and there are scattered black scales along the forewing posterior margin adjacent to the antemedial line. The holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="A512253686E961E438A16A52614A98ED" class="Insecta" family="Euteliidae" genus="Paectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paectes nana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">Paectes nana</taxonomicName>
is a heavily marked form.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>