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<mods:title id="FF772218A26A01A1213778E1E02819CE">Phylogenomic inference of the African tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and taxonomic revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D65510F12AF41F1BF50DE0702A0A8DD3">Couderc, Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E9DACCC923DBFC8E82A7A26B13B07FB">DIADE, Universite de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D4912AB9F5AE376F3FA3D7984D1FF5F">Grall, Aurelie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8945D515E676C01CC9D696B172778DDC">Herbaria Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland &amp; Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E3DB9BA7E22F02545CB708E7F26F892">Herbier MPU, DCSPH - CC 99010, Universite de Montpellier, 163 rue A. Broussonnet, F- 34090 Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="38F2A558DE9B1C80D44ECA166F79F89E">Sonke, Bonaventure</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B15CE1BF6D2A431E42E6FC168DD46DCD">Couvreur, Thomas L. P.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="EB0B86A19F5ACD48D8E8E98BB2DEAB80" ID-CoL="7F6D9" authority="(Benth.) R. E. Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 61 (1930)" authorityName="R. E. Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 61" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Benth." baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">Uvariodendron fuscum (Benth.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 61 (1930)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="7FAB7C2F0D98697A2BC3E55A8E6D4B51" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological continuum in Uvariodendron fuscum: traits comparison for var. Uvariodendron fuscum fuscum (fusc.), var. Uvariodendron fuscum giganteum (gig.) and var. Uvariodendron fuscum magnificum (mag.). Each point represents a measurement. Vertical bars span the minimum and maximum values of the focal traits. Photos, left: leaf of Couvreur 1046; top right: flower, below view, of Couvreur 1046; below right: flower, top view, of Couvreur 990 (CC BY-NC 4.0 Thomas Couvreur)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909863" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="52B4E11DE39E4A9283C7E535FBDEB14F" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Uvariodendron fuscum (Benth.) R. E. Fr. var. fuscum A leaf, lower side B apex of young branch with detail of petiole and leaf base, upper side, inset: detail of sparse pubescence on young branch C trunk with flower bud (top) and flower (bottom) D open flower E young fruit with unripe monocarps, one old petal remaining F flower semi-bottom view, showing bracts and sepals G detail of flower after anthesis, note the falling stamens and pollinator insects, inset: detail of Coleoptera full of pollen grains. A, E, G Couvreur 1046 B, C Couvreur 1029 D, F Couvreur 990. Photos Thomas Couvreur." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909878" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6807864DD2D058E4AA791F1678375BB3" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (R. E. Fr.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur A young branch with leaves, lower side, inset: detail of midrib, note the long soft hairs producing A whitish appearance B young branch, petiole and base of leaf, upper side, note the absence of hairs (fallen off) C flower, top view D flower, side view showing sepals and bracts E young fruit, top view. A Couvreur 1229 B-D Couvreur 1057. Photos Thomas Couvreur." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909879" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1D269978365E44F887FB297AC41399CD" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum (R. E. Fr.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur A leaf B flower bud, side view C flower bud, bracts removed, side view D detail of flower bud, two sepals, one outer and two inner petals removed E outer petal, outer view F inner petal, outer view G stamen H carpels, side view and detail of ovules I longitudinal section of receptacle J floral diagram K fruit, longitudinal sections of monocarps. A-K from Halle 3156 (as Ud. giganteum). Drawings by Helene Lamourdedieu, modified from Le Thomas (1969; pl. 50, p. 279), Publications Scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909880" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7683982F15F4882E4E1577EA549D63BA" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur A young branch with leaves and apical bud B leaf, upper side C longitudinal section of flower bud D flower, semi-side view E carpel with carpel wall partially removed to show arrangement of ovules, side view F young fruit, side view G monocarp, side view H seed, side view. A-H from Okodi in Hamilton 696 (as Ud. magnificum). Drawings by Mary Griesrson, modified from Verdcourt (1969; fig. 2, p. 517), Kew Bulletin 1969 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909881" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BB4C5167B72C1D99E4314E84266BAA2A" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map of Uvariodendron fuscum. Shades of grey represent elevation, from white (sea level) to darker grey (higher elevation). The inset shows the extent of the map over Africa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909882" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="FE8D815CB6820DFDAF488826DAF42ABB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria fusca" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">≡ Uvaria fusca</taxonomicName>
Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 466 (1862); 
<taxonomicName id="DD2F9314BC93431088CC16D77AD9FB73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uva fusca" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">Uva fusca</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 8 (1891). Type. Equatorial Guinea - Bioko Sur - G. Mann 308 (holotype: K! (K000198801); isotype: P! (P00362657)); 
<geoCoordinate id="FE6E82975F6A72FCDCD4928A05D79393" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.5">3°30'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="68D67BA9971CADEC1A7A1490FE258B7E" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="8.666667">8°40'E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 396 m; 1860.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="A9F98C3FCD64E28D37CEF244DB0F651B" authorityName="R.E.Fries" authorityYear="1930" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron mirabile" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">= Uvariodendron mirabile</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 59 (1930). Type. Cameroon - South-West Region • P.R. Preuss 1378 (lectotype: P! (P00315830), designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="B175DB57C37F9C66D6E2016C5A71C0B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432" author="Couvreur, TLP" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 532" refId="B47" refString="Couvreur, TLP, Dagallier, L-PMJ, Crozier, F, Ghogue, J-P, Hoekstra, PH, Kamdem, NG, Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, Sonke, B, 2022. Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae (Vol. 45). PhytoKeys 207: 1 - 532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432" title="Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae (Vol. 45)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432" volume="207" year="2022">Couvreur et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, B destroyed), zwischen Victoria und Bimbia; 
<geoCoordinate id="B0F06CA187A188E121E4E2391AA57BE6" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.55" value="3.9829307">3°58'58.55&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E8B51ADD053E6C69DD2FD6AAB63F5705" degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.17" value="9.255325">9°15'19.17&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; 15 Mar. 1898.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F47ADDAA9AF88E72F20B6BAA83831C12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="47DBBE6428E288823C01B60DDA835366" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria gigantea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">= Uvaria gigantea</taxonomicName>
Engl.; 
<taxonomicName id="EDC7A9982B76FCAAE99529743A893451" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uva gigantea" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">Uva gigantea</taxonomicName>
Kuntze; 
<taxonomicName id="F3A1BAD22AEEF374A6B542DFBD9D7A2D" authorityName="R.E.Fries" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="H.G.Engler" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">Uvariodendron giganteum</taxonomicName>
(Engl.) R.E.Fr.; concerning 
<taxonomicName id="1F560EB47E6AFD73D786F5425C74FB22" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, PhytoKeys 207: 423" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="giganteum">Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum</taxonomicName>
(see details under this variety).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58A6B32B8FE10372E9E7D99DD55D83E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F5CD4DDD4D6FFB0AE77BAF78711940A6" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Mbago &amp; Couderc &amp; Gaudeul &amp; Grall &amp; Loup &amp; Wieringa &amp; Sonké &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, comb. et" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnificum">= Uvariodendron magnificum</taxonomicName>
Verdc.; syn. nov. concerning 
<taxonomicName id="AE8FD40675B0AEC812B1AFEC655E9B5C" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, comb. et" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dagallier &amp; Mbago &amp; Couderc &amp; Gaudeul &amp; Grall &amp; Loup &amp; Wieringa &amp; Sonké &amp; Couvreur" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="magnificum">Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum</taxonomicName>
(see details under this variety).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="943D108778169AFDF62F0718D3F4D339" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="068EB8EC280ACA1B031A4B09BDB54DB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B262FE83DE2AC9526FAB9AF22B50C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree 3-15 m tall, D.B.H. 5-35 cm; young branches with long soft hairs producing a whitish appearance quickly falling off to glabrous, old branches glabrous. Petiole 4-35 mm long, 2-8 mm wide, pilose to glabrous. Leaf lamina 160-750 mm long, 43-225 (250) mm wide, length:width ratio (2.1) 2.5-4, narrowly elliptic to elliptic to narrowly obovate, coriaceous, base acute to cuneate to rounded, apex rounded to acuminate, acumen 1-23 mm long; surface above glabrous, surface below pilose to glabrous when young, glabrous when old; midrib impressed above, raised below, glabrous above, pilose to glabrous below; secondary veins 15-33 pairs, weakly brochidodromous, impressed above, raised below; tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences borne on trunk and branches, composed of 1-2 (sub)sessile to pedicellate flowers. Flower pedicel 0-15 mm long, 3-6 mm in diameter, velutinous. Flowers bisexual, buds globose, sessile, 6-15 mm high, 6.5-15 mm in diameter, velutinous. Bracts 1 to 6, upper bract 8-35 mm long, 10-50 mm wide, broadly ovate, clasping the pedicel, enclosing the sepals, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Sepals 3, 11-55 mm long, 13-43 mm wide, ovate, fused at base over 20-50% of their length, velutinous outside, glabrous inside, brown. Outer petals 3, 20-70 mm long, 17-47 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.1-1.7, elliptic to broadly ovate, velutinous outside, glabrous inside, cream to greenish outside, cream with a dark red streak from base up to 75% of the petal length inside. Inner petals 3, 20-53 mm long, 15-38 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.1-2.1, elliptic to broadly obovate to obovate, puberulent outside, glabrous inside, cream outside, dark red to dark purplish red with cream margins inside. Stamens around 2500, 3.5-5 mm long, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, anthers linear, connective prolongation truncate, pale yellow. Carpels 20 to 160, 4-7 mm long, 0.5-2.2 mm wide, velutinous, free; stigma 1-2 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, coiled, glabrous to velutinous, covered with an exudate at anthesis. Fruiting pedicel 5-18 mm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, pubescent. Monocarps 6 to 80, 20-60 mm long, 11-32 mm wide, length:width ratio 1.7-2.5, cylindrical, curved, acuminate, puberulent, green to brown; sessile to shortly stipitate, stipe 0-4 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, pubescent to glabrate. Seeds 1-16 per monocarp, biseriate, 14 to 23 mm long, 7-11 mm wide, semicircular, orange-brown.</paragraph>
<caption id="0F0B499427DD7B220CD78FB8208D1F1C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909878" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph id="25545615CB0F4E90D7789F14EC03006A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="58B136EE7268566F514F2DCFCE508389" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FB57D1D0761C1E318932CCD1DD37F64F" authority="(Benth.) R. E. Fr. var. fuscum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. fuscum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="fuscum">Uvariodendron fuscum (Benth.) R.E.Fr. var. fuscum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0D2BF833AEC01DCEDAD5DDDFACCB76D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
leaf, lower side 
<emphasis id="979CBF46615069B3C54AA74F589F6345" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
apex of young branch with detail of petiole and leaf base, upper side, inset: detail of sparse pubescence on young branch 
<emphasis id="B161ECDFBCBA54A2DEF1F7159AD701AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
trunk with flower bud (top) and flower (bottom) 
<emphasis id="7342E3102F595C0EE3608B92CD1736FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
open flower 
<emphasis id="A318A35E540983305BF71AB96434F168" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
young fruit with unripe monocarps, one old petal remaining 
<emphasis id="708AA6847995466F7E13673D777A9BB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower semi-bottom view, showing bracts and sepals 
<emphasis id="A8BDC6CA533712B8C51848F921D75698" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
detail of flower after anthesis, note the falling stamens and pollinator insects, inset: detail of 
<taxonomicName id="A8E24AFDC86E66F6DD724D2895652656" authorityName="R. E. Fr., Acta Horti Berg. 10: 51" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Engl. &amp; Diels" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
full of pollen grains. 
<emphasis id="636DA8C015DBB82FA46937EB70C842D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, E, G</emphasis>
Couvreur 1046 
<emphasis id="8991C6912DD95ADD2D756159FD024636" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
Couvreur 1029 
<emphasis id="7B12C5491BBB917EA1F816A13C13FCBB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, F</emphasis>
Couvreur 990. Photos Thomas Couvreur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="886CCD10CCC8C41C5C2A07096FE9AE9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9E86D54835D77C5D98AACC9E9849F592" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4E9EE01EAD0115BAB1E9721DE3EE09D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Element of the Lower Guinean Domain and Congolia Domain of the Guineo-Congolian Region and Zambezian Region: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko Island), Nigeria, Uganda.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F365FF5B088D1B731551C91905F83681" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="55645E2E7FAEA940882A51031B9ECC4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E546746E5D14407EAE081BC4C213C9ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lowland and submontane to mountain mature or old secondary rain forests. Altitude: 100-1400 m a.s.l.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6691431EC30CAE9A3E5AB8C6C4BD045F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="29D6B2E0E46C8E0F427A2B65CFB44A33" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17D7F6579222EEBA431F0A87BFD9C58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers collected from January to April. Fruits collected from March to April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="42FB094DD1F44218166273562FBAD277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="AC0D8135E77C403C28B883EAAC5C1742" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07F7AE157E990654DF63ED008754FE88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Cameroon: 
<normalizedToken id="D4933921242E9C8DD8DB04C3FFBC0A28" originalValue="‘Limboto’">'Limboto'</normalizedToken>
in Bakweri (van Andel 3761), 'Obom 
<normalizedToken id="18B4D8DF85F59C76846FB53B39752CC9" originalValue="Ossoé’">Ossoe'</normalizedToken>
in 
<normalizedToken id="9A959E6B105ED0509A328777B45E478D" originalValue="Yaoundé">Yaounde</normalizedToken>
(Biholong 279). Gabon: 
<normalizedToken id="99FC1A21BCC33325CCA7511A2AEB16BC" originalValue="‘Inkaca’">'Inkaca'</normalizedToken>
in Bakota (
<normalizedToken id="DF57B25F82618BBE21B67CE29AA2FA69" originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
3156).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D010818C2DD8B557847E82533CFB3F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph id="FE8C009685B6E3801F100A47B66BE6CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC8516E4A752FF36321D3A0F9602A3FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The young leaves are boiled and used for soup (Cheek 5145) and the ripe fruits are eaten (van Andel 3761).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D29C9130C8EB466624365F01EF1455F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="CA3886E0EB5CAAF667B4FAB99877FA0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1E8C5B2573B5BD3EB68EEE9E143112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
From now on, the name 
<taxonomicName id="13CA48167F850FE327E193B478561BB8" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. fuscum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="C1BFF11FDF46FAE8DEDAD23A69095CF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
encompasses the synonyms 
<taxonomicName id="17652AC9C2F641402AF2D32DC99CEEAD" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. mirabile" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="A207934231D7593D16B8479E2D9B03EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FBEAE88E641A4021CC61D787FAD4056E" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="9B2AFC15888AABBDBD1085492014B6CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="55DD19CC226F26B52CA75E247CA17039" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="7E63D7D85E34D9AEB9DA6ECC1D65214F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. magnificum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="33848E35E9383A0C961B1F8617E0FC53" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. fuscum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="4D4F7F4C52311F29F3BE85E5E87813C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of a large morphological variation of the leaf and flower size, with var. 
<taxonomicName id="F7DC43C184B1A138BB2AAD28C88FFEC4" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, comb. et" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dagallier &amp; Mbago &amp; Couderc &amp; Gaudeul &amp; Grall &amp; Loup &amp; Wieringa &amp; Sonké &amp; Couvreur" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" variety="magnificum">Uvariodendron fuscum magnificum</taxonomicName>
having the largest dimensions, followed by var. 
<taxonomicName id="FB40881A3BF216EE265F87AC00A7D3F5" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, PhytoKeys 207: 423" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" variety="giganteum">Uvariodendron fuscum giganteum</taxonomicName>
and then the type variety being the smallest (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="61E726DB5286077EDE89F5B29FDBCBB7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Morphological continuum in Uvariodendron fuscum: traits comparison for var. Uvariodendron fuscum fuscum (fusc.), var. Uvariodendron fuscum giganteum (gig.) and var. Uvariodendron fuscum magnificum (mag.). Each point represents a measurement. Vertical bars span the minimum and maximum values of the focal traits. Photos, left: leaf of Couvreur 1046; top right: flower, below view, of Couvreur 1046; below right: flower, top view, of Couvreur 990 (CC BY-NC 4.0 Thomas Couvreur)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909863" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
, Table 
<tableCitation id="B13F98F52519320AF9A11F69CA691050" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Uvariodendron fuscum: morphological comparison between var. Uvariodendron fuscum fuscum, var. Uvariodendron fuscum giganteum and var. Uvariodendron fuscum magnificum. In bold: character useful to differentiate the varieties." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35D12B1338EEEAE22B2C6FEF49496618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="35D12B1338EEEAE22B2C6FEF49496618">4</tableCitation>
). Although this variation seems to form a continuum, we recognize three different morphological groups described as varieties (see notes under the varieties). This species resembles 
<taxonomicName id="16414DC5132B0BE107383B0184846ABC" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. calophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calophyllum">
<emphasis id="4C00C86D8DF502F8D6066FDD0213EFE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. calophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5D7ECBF6033AE9B35F547CB07041A2C7" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. connivens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="connivens">
<emphasis id="44D1A59D859E34AE3415509BDCDF8662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. connivens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="540ECB651F5AE870EBDE23BAA76B3C28" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. usambarense" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="usambarense">
<emphasis id="6130DCCB14B8B9676DA09E651FA2655F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. usambarense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having large elliptic to obovate leaves. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="37F36951D7A25AD277F1DD0714E3FC1D" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. calophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calophyllum">
<emphasis id="A4CA2D6A322E900F8F5BBF003CCEDB2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. calophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7DC88BD1A21BDE794BC98FDAE9E2A21F" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. connivens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="connivens">
<emphasis id="F8A8FA97D8C81B0B520F1537B20FD079" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. connivens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having pilose to glabrous young branches and petioles (vs. tomentose in 
<taxonomicName id="D27B869DA0C7D6C8579A453A621BF65F" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. calophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calophyllum">
<emphasis id="B09D88AC36EAC1D245324D063228A998" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. calophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and completely glabrous in 
<taxonomicName id="DDF9ECD7709F5CBB2F630C5B40D99D3B" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. connivens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="connivens">
<emphasis id="B1B5C7BEE75B6787AA7304CA67D34CB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. connivens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="46E00FD9A19823C157BA5C0D87262FBE" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. connivens" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="connivens">
<emphasis id="B9AD2B30B300369382555360D1ABCD06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. connivens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having flower pedicels between 0 and 15 mm long (vs. between 10 and 40 mm long) and in having cream petals with dark red streak within the flower (vs. wine red petals both inside and outside).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7737AAFB57A0D39B63A67121E2E91913" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909879" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph id="47620E395BA5413F49B6AB5B37063B1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="4AAD80992C3339F2F4E4FC30E08C8B68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="903C6CDC05EC6162322401346D191683" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, PhytoKeys 207: 423" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="giganteum">Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum</taxonomicName>
(R.E.Fr.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur 
<emphasis id="8EC27D55271B709850C9EA2C69A4F9A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
young branch with leaves, lower side, inset: detail of midrib, note the long soft hairs producing 
<emphasis id="8A668AB6AB9EA06B245FDE3B9C964B7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
whitish appearance 
<emphasis id="D7F4C73CED3853D46136F4C97F30D338" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
young branch, petiole and base of leaf, upper side, note the absence of hairs (fallen off) 
<emphasis id="6E8E31D4E30126D21B9237CDDD774C04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower, top view 
<emphasis id="05CA85D848C78CA25040930EAB3CB5AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
flower, side view showing sepals and bracts 
<emphasis id="8A82D8185C746112C1B9B5AABCDA14E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
young fruit, top view. 
<emphasis id="A29D31D96FD29B66A1B020BC71B2C9F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Couvreur 1229 
<emphasis id="80C43CE465F1560525145CC459B888C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
Couvreur 1057. Photos Thomas Couvreur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B52CAAEA19AEE73A10E51AC0E9C9DA3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="5CF641BD191F38A30668F923648F53C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DC95D3317E9E435D588C00638306030" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is widespread, distributed from Nigeria to Uganda. A previous assessment listed it as Near Threatened NT (
<bibRefCitation id="1FA646C1F8BADED8647D2B52331B88D8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39476A10240275.en" author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B30" refString="Cheek, M, Cable, S, 2000. Uvariodendron fuscum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000: e.T39476A10240275. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39476A10240275.en" title="Uvariodendron fuscum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000: e. T 39476 A 10240275." url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39476A10240275.en" year="2000">Cheek and Cable 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, the assessment was made on what is now 
<taxonomicName id="8314FA01546BA20ECC0BC4B91C95ACB3" authority="var. fuscum" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. fuscum subsp. var. var. fuscum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="fuscum">Ud. fuscum var. fuscum</taxonomicName>
and thus needs to be updated. Here, the EOO is estimated at 755,899 km2 and its AOO at 152 km2. Based solely on AOO value, it would qualify for Endangered EN, but none of the other B2 subcriterion are met. Following IUCN criterion B, it is assigned a preliminary conservation updated status of Least Concern LC.
</paragraph>
<caption id="80E13DCE9B710C5E9F16A5207E8F209B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909880" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="3F21A038B4EE952721ED69FF2FEC1A02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FEEC7A5CB3FF89755BFF89A337616FA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6E94AFF34BD0E933E9AA89E6BF2DCACB" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, PhytoKeys 207: 423" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="giganteum">Uvariodendron fuscum var. giganteum</taxonomicName>
(R.E.Fr.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur 
<emphasis id="D230FA084C5EDD827CA998DF06706E3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
leaf 
<emphasis id="14466FBBD205502A827805632B007526" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower bud, side view 
<emphasis id="14657B68684E5220C35191E1C56084C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flower bud, bracts removed, side view 
<emphasis id="A6A57767B339BD1334E301B9FF11B1E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail of flower bud, two sepals, one outer and two inner petals removed 
<emphasis id="B357F50154C01F938D12E8D49253CEEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
outer petal, outer view 
<emphasis id="9CA5EA119FD3A4C3A1772B1983AB4CAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
inner petal, outer view 
<emphasis id="C5D3579C181D5238EE05999A9AB26474" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
stamen 
<emphasis id="6F4221AFB22716673733605F03D011DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
carpels, side view and detail of ovules 
<emphasis id="8EB7D005F587532AB429AB0156C867BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
longitudinal section of receptacle 
<emphasis id="07969646D92CA9476DDBC171182C3825" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
floral diagram 
<emphasis id="AAF351EB6FFACB0A880EE1A2AE2BDDCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
fruit, longitudinal sections of monocarps. 
<emphasis id="B3C32303424A0551F9A545F8AB4E3152" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-K</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken id="F8F7BFEE9CD9FC3BBBB5C7EA2C8A9771" originalValue="Hallé">Halle</normalizedToken>
3156 (as 
<taxonomicName id="605A0F920540ECFD87AAA781BE473D86" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. giganteum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="078FE47A7EFFFF9AD1C71BAA44095AD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Drawings by 
<normalizedToken id="1F9D02D55CFDF020843B9A6C50D5CE37" originalValue="Hélène">Helene</normalizedToken>
Lamourdedieu, modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="8AD7B93FDF897CBDE809C00B8ACB0447" author="Le Thomas, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B117" refString="Le Thomas, A, 1969. Flore du Gabon 16 - Annonacees. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" title="Flore du Gabon 16 - Annonacees." year="1969">Le Thomas (1969</bibRefCitation>
; pl. 50, p. 279), Publications Scientifiques du 
<normalizedToken id="8B8E99259BAC799F0A35CDE5413C4BC9" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national 
<normalizedToken id="99A7875E687FE1CA37C81EC01DE6D8B3" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle, Paris.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="269218748C706860BE70823CDD0E1078" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/909881" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph id="4543C29D29FBDA726B48DE7CFEEA04D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="26D0299F0C45D9714647E04D6234DD33" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60F87771D99CBDCE56241DC8F05A5867" authorityName="Dagallier &amp; Couvreur, comb. et" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dagallier &amp; Mbago &amp; Couderc &amp; Gaudeul &amp; Grall &amp; Loup &amp; Wieringa &amp; Sonké &amp; Couvreur" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvariodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvariodendron fuscum subsp. var. var. magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fuscum" subSpecies="var." variety="magnificum">Uvariodendron fuscum var. magnificum</taxonomicName>
(Verdc.) Dagallier &amp; Couvreur 
<emphasis id="F0D4850C715302BCD2DC6B8B9287BE88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
young branch with leaves and apical bud 
<emphasis id="1A9DF55A866E3B84DB9235FEBBCE621B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
leaf, upper side 
<emphasis id="37518780E84A64192DC87F873D94E58F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
longitudinal section of flower bud 
<emphasis id="A1BDF79FABB6D5A42016D54E9BD4E5B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
flower, semi-side view 
<emphasis id="3DFAAA56DCCB30ECEE274F91DD8F3588" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
carpel with carpel wall partially removed to show arrangement of ovules, side view 
<emphasis id="64B4746A659E9CF56A86A50E05602D06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
young fruit, side view 
<emphasis id="0AEA599C9C71658C7E8F440CDD1DDE3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
monocarp, side view 
<emphasis id="139EC83A512F236B8B2B850E66851995" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
seed, side view. 
<emphasis id="35253E3FA82570C4BD0FA6B8DD00580E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-H</emphasis>
from Okodi in Hamilton 696 (as 
<taxonomicName id="A1B1DF9B199706514A0FECD5BF032DA3" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ud. magnificum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnificum">
<emphasis id="A00A53FB0E4CEE542FAE0572D6EB36DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ud. magnificum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Drawings by Mary Griesrson, modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="95446A25FFFD9C675BDDF2E2DEE013AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117202" author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="511 - 521" refId="B177" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1969. The genus Uvariodendron (Engl. &amp; Diels) R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) in East Africa. Kew Bulletin 23 (3): 511 - 521, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4117202" title="The genus Uvariodendron (Engl. &amp; Diels) R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) in East Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4117202" volume="23" year="1969">Verdcourt (1969</bibRefCitation>
; fig. 2, p. 517), Kew Bulletin 1969 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>