treatments-xml/data/2F/47/E8/2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum violaceum Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 56. 1798." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="49DE9549B6146400AEC453BD668E9637" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E6F183373359A805ADA66F3B35196455">
<mods:title id="DE7E3C6AFB30CE567FDCAC8283F98ABB">A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="79BBB6E78EA59F57C46510CEE0882AC9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4B97C95459E98D4E546A343E525505B7">
<mods:roleTerm id="64D256B1889091598B43BB7692251CFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="59C91D27A966DDE2EAC353BCB9C73780">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2360CCE8C8F681D602DDF3BE3A3E9918">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D9DEF83FC0FC7E208D039339313CC3D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A595A2603A59BD229CD4C428AA20ACF9">
<mods:roleTerm id="06ABAE854649D23FA0F8983EF1D06A11">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C26F356982F065A2B03F05C9E821FBF7">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59FDD344767DB6D948618F4224BA88F9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EB1A54BE2B73AEF734F4492CD89808A9">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1A3C5861FE39144CE7D7A08909D1EA1" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ACDBC789489977C822A5F87360D5A383">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="618645EE40936F15DFF91BC68B5825F3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="CE970B5CBC42333B10D08BC169007F57">
<mods:title id="4FD77F1DFF5E45C2CA237C1435427282">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="16E6D13863615305F485E8E761F82CBD">
<mods:date id="F8522992F3EAA3693E7F399642DF6BBB">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="07C80296C594A32818FF4755341CFD62" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1392B41AF30A61C257A62570DA07488D">2022-06-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1CDB576D1B6B484DB010314DBC0E902E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5F7A99BAD43B2C26DC7EE07C477FAC61">198</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5933C646C07051CA97627B5E3A6B0761" unit="page">
<mods:start id="85B64E21E569E9CDFEC67347920FC683">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="31C5575065D510452F8C4B1C5B6D2984">270</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="DD4C699C01D45D1C11F419CC2FFB54EB">
<mods:url id="215C23749ADFA20361FA8628BB91EE45">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F43FFD95813A8929F766BBFA64052B6B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="732E8874800365CE32AA426B0E213837" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0E4D3A8A7426AE583CEBCBF806D1203D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="10FEDB08B9B6458F7AC010A84AC0BC77" type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="942FA84C8B6FDD876213CDE59291A86E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="59D88CD5BFE7BEF69708805C1EF0C64C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
48. 
<taxonomicName id="4F7DF493FDD916A741A2F927886B835D" ID-CoL="4Y4PW" authority="Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 56. 1798." authorityName="Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 56. 1798." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">Solanum violaceum Ortega, Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 56. 1798.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F56EFA586186F335512BEE6C01F7CDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="61579B2768D99FA0CD02251829B358C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="680465DCEAA175FE3E6CCC80911092B9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diversity of inflorescences and flowers in tropical Asian spiny solanums A lax, spreading inflorescences and stellate flowers of Solanum violaceum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India) B condensed, recurved inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. multiflorum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C inflorescences and large stellate flowers of S. involucratum (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. pubescens with unequal stamens, one long and recurved (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E large rotate flower of S. insanum with abundant interpetalar corolla tissues (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) F many flowered inflorescence and infructescence of S. pseudosaponaceum (field photograph, unvouchered, Philippines) G many flowered inflorescences of S. torvum; flowers with well-developed interpetalar corolla tissues (Suksathan et al. PS 3815, Thailand) H small stellate flowers of S. viarum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126944, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, E, H X. Aubriot C M. Nuraliev F D. Tandang G D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9C16EDA7C3E288D2954E1FE2FBE31BD0" captionStart="Figure 78" captionStartId="F78" captionText="Figure 78. Solanum violaceum Ortega A herbarium specimen collected in Thailand in 1920 (Kerr s. n., BM 000886106) B habit (field photograph, unvouchered, Thailand) C detailed view of a white flower with immature fruits (Sampath Kumar et al. 126947, India) D detailed view of a purple flower (field photograph, unvouchered, Thailand) E detail view of an infructescence (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris B-E X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689771" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 78</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEF59D23DC5D00FBE782B856E563B445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B6874D03B97EF2B5646D8C79EE540E77" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BF75023CE5A0168606F6269F06495A9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum chinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinense">Solanum chinense</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Hist. Nat. 
<taxonomicName id="22D75B233BE04C555C89E7C6D9301674" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
240. 1813. Type. China. Sin. loc. (lectotype, designated here: [illustration] Plukenet, Phytographia, pars altera, tab. 62, fig. 1. 1691).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EB75A64F0E231BC9A181DE2195E2EC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5E05BBAC472270E22BEC73DB09FBC96C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum heynei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heynei">Solanum heynei</taxonomicName>
Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 669. 1819, as &quot; 
<emphasis id="88ED6330D7B7524CCF003A028DC5D780" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heynii</emphasis>
&quot;. Type. &quot;H. in India orientali. B. Heyne&quot;, 
<emphasis id="058FF075816CA8B2BC5F652A2E0F108C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Heyne s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="5A4D425F54BC37CE1A62696C80B7CF8B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" author="Turner, IM" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 428" refId="B249" refString="Turner, IM, 2021. Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis. Taxon 70 (2): 365 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" title="Heyne, Roth, Roemer and Schultes, and the plant names published in Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12449" volume="70" year="2021">Turner 2021</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 418: L [L 0403734]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="273FB618282BC21733E468A45898C318" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9D7D7F5F22B8AD13EBB99BD5F33D8FD0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifidum">Solanum pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 130. 1821, nom. illeg. non 
<taxonomicName id="B6402F7992393A8E0E2564F115BC2365" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifidum">S. pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
Lam., 1794. Type. Based on same material and homotypic with 
<taxonomicName id="1A5D805A1BEBE38ACEED1111FDCD6718" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. heynei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heynei">S. heynei</taxonomicName>
Roem. &amp; Schult.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FCB4E3CE307D7C89E50665658846E85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E772621861233D88B46701EAE03C3F32" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. sinuato-lobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="sinuato-lobatum">Solanum indicum Nees var. sinuato-lobatum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 309. 1852. Type. Indonesia. 
<normalizedToken id="B1C42E5902558104262016329E8F93C3" originalValue="“Malacca”">&quot;Malacca&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="2C2006F05C6FEBCABF7BD2E116086DC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Cuming 2261</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G [G00442779]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000886164, BM000886188], E [E00526948], LE, K [K000014604, K000014606], P [P00055666]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="678E94396E573643967F0889FDE31233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="50B8FEE0500B78E42F8974F60541B5F9" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. eroso-pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="eroso-pinnatifidum">Solanum indicum Nees var. eroso-pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 310. 1852. Type. India. Sin. loc., &quot;Bengala inferior&quot;, 1817, 
<emphasis id="43933773AF0F0F193ED06625A81EC42B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Wallich s.n.</emphasis>
[Wallich Catal. 2626e] (lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00130375]; isolectotypes: GZU [GZU000255428], K-W [K001116646 pro parte, bottom L hand fragment only]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61DB98DD4ED6B214ED8A5944F2C8AD06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4AA83264DAFDBE5C3AA14FBF45423CF4" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. parvifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="parvifolium">Solanum indicum Nees var. parvifolium</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 310. 1852. Type. Mauritius. &quot;Isle Maurice&quot;, 1839, 
<emphasis id="84D7388C9E7FD5310BE1F2333369B421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Bouton s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00130374]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="43FE4DD047B6E0D89E846F1D9E86C514" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F716FEA464FEB3278BB40B883A15A51E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum junghuhnii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junghuhnii">Solanum junghuhnii</taxonomicName>
Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 649. 1857. Type. Indonesia. Java: Central Java, &quot;op Tjilatjap&quot; [Cilacap], 
<emphasis id="73F45ED8D7B13EE922C14B5399D68FCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Gesker s.n.</emphasis>
[195] (lectotype, designated here: L [L0003638]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="828541881604ECBF95911D5FBB8B3AA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FDF78DD33FE265AB1392C701F88D6DDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. inerme" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="inerme">Solanum indicum L. var. inerme</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="BA99189777E77BF24EBC12E0005576F7" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck) 2: 133. 1871. Type. India. Assam: Sin. loc., 
<emphasis id="A959D3CB2AAB8732F0BACE7A21EBEC16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Griffith 1000</emphasis>
(holotype: BR [AWH10071564]; isotype: BM [BM000900299]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADB5978A4C3A0B55B8FCB2277C3F3FFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0E5A65D7F64A1206ABB030C11BF6A6F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens subsp. var. var. lobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pubescens" subSpecies="var." variety="lobatum">Solanum pubescens Willd. var. lobatum</taxonomicName>
C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J. D. Hooker] 4: 231. 1883. Type. India. Meghalaya: &quot;Assam, Khasi Hills&quot; [Khasia Hills], 
<emphasis id="E21C3ACBC5457AC257723192A1D05182" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Kurz s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: CAL [CAL0000018697]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05EA84F711C645A317AD14413B6A18EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8609074B7F57D9ED1335504F4DDDE3A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">Solanum kurzii</taxonomicName>
Brace ex Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 541. 1896. Type. India. Sikkim: Sin. loc., 8 May 1874, 
<emphasis id="E295B95BE82AEF0784B1207642F8A5B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. King s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: K [K000441390]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00163EC1D7579DD385C8CBD06D6EB967" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AEA93EC563982A660A12FD5CCD8F5" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1923" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. var. var. mesarchon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="indicum" subSpecies="var." variety="mesarchon">Solanum indicum L. var. mesarchon</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 16: 9. 1923. Type. Mauritius. Pamplemousses District: &quot;Umgebung von Pamplemousse&quot; [surroundings of Pamplemousse], May 1887, 
<emphasis id="974F925D7635DB960D861B2681156BAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Paulay s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: W [acc # 1887-0010053]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="996B726CCF245A316056206E248EE7E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="995C5833CAFB7A3874E0D8FCC98D1932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sanitwongsei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanitwongsei">Solanum sanitwongsei</taxonomicName>
Craib, Kew Bull. 1928: 246. 1928. Type. Thailand. Bangkok: 
<normalizedToken id="347BCCCA2C6C0CDA953050EB04D8EACA" originalValue="“cultivated”">&quot;cultivated&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 20 Nov 1927, 
<emphasis id="4282D44825137548938548100C240EA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.F.G. Kerr s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: K [K000922035]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C42301239872E1619A54EB593A30333" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A28DDA043FF83D5A925B6491A901A4E3" authorityName="C.Y.Wu &amp; S.C.Huang" authorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nivalomontanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nivalomontanum">Solanum nivalomontanum</taxonomicName>
C.Y.Wu &amp; S.C.Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 74. 1978. Type. China. Yunnan: Fengqing, &quot;Shunning, Snowrange [transl. from the protologue]&quot;, 25 May 1938, 
<emphasis id="E5D9B46A4E1855E90FF110A8044F9857" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.T. Yu 15962</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: PE [PE00031398]; isolectotype: KUN [KUN183591], PE [PE00031399]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A332C6B52E36BCC654931BFF4A3B6F97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2ED4ACFC244BC1C84F9B001382CE9876" authorityName="C.Y.Wu &amp; S.C.Huang" authorityYear="1979" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="album" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="indicum" subSpecies="forma">Solanum indicum L. forma album</taxonomicName>
C.Y.Wu &amp; S.C.Huang, Fl. Yunnanica 2: 580. 1979. Type. China. Yunnan: Yanshan, &quot;Yan-shan-hsien, Bar-garh [transl. from the protologue]&quot;, 16 Nov 1939, 
<emphasis id="04206F87F25CD6777AD0BA43E51A11AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.W. Wang 85018</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: PE [PE00031401]; isolectotype: KUN [KUN183578]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEAD18807109DC7D8DD172EECA93DAA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="82FBCDB389A481E60A344886110E603D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="8B36F72488463D83F7AD2BDBEC54FB84">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56C847686DC70C7C1A671AFBD2AA5E45" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="68C9EA43A9B692B9DC56C31467C5AD2E" accessionNumber="MA307449" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Exc. D. Marchionissam de Bute" country="India" county="Marchionissam de Bute" location="Habitat en Bahia Botanica. Floret Octobri" municipality="Novembri in Reg. Hort. Matrit." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="0C69BAC94141E4EEC2C3354915ACDED6" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. &quot; 
<location id="D45AA926CD33382A8C0765C190073FDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F47E8883EF621804B21B6AF68D9B889:D45AA926CD33382A8C0765C190073FDD" country="India" county="Marchionissam de Bute" municipality="Novembri in Reg. Hort. Matrit." name="Habitat en Bahia Botanica. Floret Octobri">
<emphasis id="79916DF8CF5A83A80EF49176AC36CE09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat</emphasis>
en Bahia Botanica. 
<emphasis id="EB33CF9E50EEAD3391ED8C34DABEF824" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floret</emphasis>
Octobri
</location>
et 
<collectingMunicipality id="A34DDF40F6763482868E73C83722EDBC">Novembri in Reg. Hort. Matrit.</collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken id="0B681DC67E944813CDF0B3488E2D6445" originalValue="è">e</normalizedToken>
seminibus Londino missis per 
<emphasis id="5508C8B69186EDEA958DBE4E7BBEFF91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="833183036C0330142E6609FC1EBF1910">
Exc. D. 
<collectingCounty id="CB4C936DAC0665C58C796B6810DE4949">Marchionissam de Bute</collectingCounty>
</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&quot; (
<typeStatus id="9019761CACF15813D439961F6DD07894">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="2B1F8F7216F5955CE1087D7B19975F61" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2340" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 61" refId="B123" refString="Knapp, S, 2013b. Typification of Solanum species (Solanaceae) described by Casimiro Gomez Ortega. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 70 (1): 56 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2340" title="Typification of Solanum species (Solanaceae) described by Casimiro Gomez Ortega." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2340" volume="70" year="2013 b">Knapp 2013b</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 59: MA [
<accessionNumber id="C996940816A7E70B63355C829CD0C393" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MA307449">MA307449</accessionNumber>
])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="542FBB812F0D7B3F0A002A49910E905F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689771" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 78" startId="F78">
<paragraph id="D02AC01FF1070241A7F8C6247936DEA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="AB2A24E928898E1BB171E22BACE18FF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 78.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0E6D0A8046B68C5CAA97C5AF7A7B5C58" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="E622120229144594091A7DA704EF4BFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ortega 
<emphasis id="442A4864168892980B6896CF44175C78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in 
<collectingCountry id="C058532947B30AAB47173FDFC2340B10" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
in 1920 (
<emphasis id="BEDF214B81292464BC68C52B917082FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kerr s.n.</emphasis>
, BM000886106) 
<emphasis id="4F3FE0F13891E2064D988D1B62560EE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habit (field photograph, unvouchered, 
<collectingCountry id="75BD637ACDE9481A23AFBCC6E767B5DF" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
) 
<emphasis id="7E630A109B2E217F8EF38ADF84C9F77A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detailed view of a white flower with immature fruits (
<emphasis id="1094310E3A96B1AA29564BCA386C71B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126947</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry id="10B1DF901A51B555922F6CF499478FED" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
) 
<emphasis id="6E0447CE82210ED5E77645E5F0B9C531" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detailed view of a purple flower (field photograph, unvouchered, 
<collectingCountry id="9DD1DEF03307630446E404467E66833A" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
) 
<emphasis id="0F7ED87787D39061ABB9CCD41FFF2390" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail view of an infructescence (
<emphasis id="BB3F3FBE0F705C5A28D02DBA859CDD03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126945</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E751924D6F62AF103EDAC7DB82F5B61C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
). Photograph credits: 
<emphasis id="EB7F9BD136AECC529436C4409D26CFA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
CC-BY, 
<normalizedToken id="749C1B8E0C9ECB8E7A8CC40D9B6C16E8" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national 
<normalizedToken id="0E4BC5B8C0601EA0A8E6D857D8D2B2A3" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle, Paris 
<emphasis id="AD5510E858E054FD92DF4B0017597937" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
X. Aubriot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3FB3917779CF05391BCE1FCB903A507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="A1AB10F2DD27803794EB45D797564A43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7482770DBCB49DEA49AA7AFE6C46D10D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Erect shrub, to 3 m tall, armed or unarmed. Stems erect, flattened to terete, prickly or less often unarmed, moderately to densely stellate-pubescent; prickles to 10 mm long, to 7 mm wide at the base, usually curved, sometimes straight, rounded or flattened, straw-yellow to orange-brown, glabrous or sparsely pubescent in the lower 1/3; pubescence of sessile or shortly stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks less than 0.1 mm long, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.2 mm long, the midpoints same length as the rays or to 1.5 mm long; new growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes like those of the stems; bark of older stems brown, glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate. Leaves simple, more or less deeply lobed, the blades 4-12 cm long, 2.5-11 cm wide, 1.5-2 times longer than wide, usually ovate in outline, sometimes elliptic, chartaceous, strongly discolorous but sometimes concolorous on dry material, unarmed or with several straight prickles to 10 mm long on veins of both surfaces; adaxial surface evenly and moderately to densely stellate-pubescent with sessile or short-stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.5 mm, the rays 4-10, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints shorter than the rays or to 2 mm long; abaxial surface densely stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface but with longer rays and midpoints, the lamina not usually visible; principal veins 3-5 pairs; base usually truncate, often oblique; margins lobed, the lobes (2-)3(-4) on each side, 1-4.5 cm long, broadly deltate to oblong or obovate, often with secondary lobes, apically obtuse, sometimes acute or rounded, the sinuses extending to 2/3 of the way to the midrib; apex acute; petiole 1-6 cm long, 1/5-3/5 of the leaf blade length, densely stellate-pubescent, unarmed or with a few straight or slightly curved prickles. Inflorescences, 2.5-8(-10) cm long, lateral or leaf-opposed, unbranched or sometimes forked, with 5-15(-30) flowers, 2-3 flowers open at any one time, moderately to densely pubescent with stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems, unarmed or with a few straight prickles; peduncle 0.1-1(-2.5) cm long, usually unarmed; pedicels 0.8-1.7 cm long, 0.7-1 mm in diameter at the base, 1.6-2 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and slender, unarmed, densely stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced 2-10 mm apart. Buds ovoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 1.5-2 mm long, obconical to cup-shaped, the lobes 1.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, deltate, apically apiculate to acute, rarely long-acuminate, with no venation visible, unarmed or with up to 10 straight prickles, densely stellate-pubescent with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the rest of the inflorescence. Corolla 1.3-3 cm in diameter, pale blue to purple or more rarely white, stellate, lobed 1/2-2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 4.5-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, deltate, spreading to slightly reflexed at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially, moderately to densely stellate-pubescent abaxially, the trichomes porrect, sessile to shortly stalked, the stalks up to 0.1 mm, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.2 mm, the midpoints shorter than the rays, but lengthening towards corolla lobe apices. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 4.5-8.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, yellow-orange or yellow, connivent, tapering, glabrous but sometimes with a few stellate trichomes, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally and lengthening to slits with age. Ovary ovoid, glabrous but with a few stellate trichomes towards the apex; style 7-11(15) mm long, filiform, straight to gently curved, stellate-pubescent in the lower 1/3-2/3; stigma clavate to capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, several per infructescence, 0.7-0.9 cm in diameter, yellow to orange when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.5-1.2 mm wide at the base, 3-3.5 mm in diameter at the apex, somewhat woody, straight, spreading, unarmed or with a few straight prickles; fruiting calyx lobes elongating to 3.5-6(-8) mm long, 1/4-1/2 of the length of the mature fruit, spreading and usually not reflexed, unarmed or with up to 10 straight prickles. Seeds ca. 10-15 per berry, 2.2-3.5 mm long, 1.8-3 mm wide, flattened-reniform, yellow to orange-brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with thick, strongly sinuate margins. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
<bibRefCitation id="1B3B60794BBAD0C4D068BFFDA8DB9EED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" author="Karihaloo, JL" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B111" refString="Karihaloo, JL, 1991. Desynapsis due to temperature stress in three species of Solanum. Cytologia 56(4): 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" title="Desynapsis due to temperature stress in three species of Solanum. Cytologia 56 (4): 603 - 611." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" year="1991">Karihaloo 1991</bibRefCitation>
), 2n = 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="92A438BA2EF634FC4598F2A1FEAF7D8F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" author="Karihaloo, JL" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B111" refString="Karihaloo, JL, 1991. Desynapsis due to temperature stress in three species of Solanum. Cytologia 56(4): 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" title="Desynapsis due to temperature stress in three species of Solanum. Cytologia 56 (4): 603 - 611." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.603" year="1991">Karihaloo 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D2187FE81CD131808908B3B054E928E1" author="Das, AK" journalOrPublisher="Die Kulturpflanze" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B55" refString="Das, AK, Borah, SP, 2015. Karyomorphological characterization of some wild species of Solanum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 6(1): B1196-B1209." title="Karyomorphological characterization of some wild species of Solanum. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 6 (1): B 1196 - B 1209." year="2015">Das and Borah 2015</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="F00C0DD66E9A41677F1E9054A2833E9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="5A6B9DE2464AFA1924F57D4C807D1404" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kurzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFF5A75F391ABC57A55DBB3A741B9FAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9002A73B468FE93CC2E7F0036D6EE0E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5616097E309E93A66A8E5A00453B9A70" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7A9A7141BAB387B902AC3229EBD9D386" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E58336BCF824A071E980E8F53CF282C7" captionStart="Figure 79" captionStartId="F79" captionText="Figure 79. Distribution of S. violaceum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure79" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">79</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="61552355F679139F4AFCA3A69DFDA03C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="A234D63BFA543478512655204DC59FA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs across Asia, from India to China, Vietnam and Malaysia, from the coasts to inland mountains between ca. 3-27° latitude. It is very common in India, southern China, and Thailand. The westernmost recorded occurrences are on the islands of Mauritius, 
<normalizedToken id="4BC1A46C864326A5284AE62A96652317" originalValue="Réunion">Reunion</normalizedToken>
and Rodrigues. Chinese populations are restricted to the more southern regions of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Sichuan Taiwan, and Yunnan (
<bibRefCitation id="2C96E5348FDCE8EC124CA26DAEE14FC1" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
). There are occasional collections from Sumatra and Java, but it is not clear whether these are from the wild or cultivated. 
<taxonomicName id="7977C8BCCF91E7E6DD93318FC8264148" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="511D30001794E746D89ED349A4FECF45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur wild in the Philippines, New Guinea, or Australia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="000029F1B1AE8EE4444F73C96001B216" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure79" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689772" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 79" startId="F79">
<paragraph id="2E568978BE2C2A7E3EEBC3B3D651EC84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EF4BCE480B5FD16E3F1FF00D041B7E94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 79.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="3CF97E6890B8D22931D09648B39F40AC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="66C4F829A04C4263EB14F65638C82995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E7A33D563065EEF27600EECBFBB7B96" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="CC4C16E25DAB4D234789D0DA22950753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="331D66DEBBF5CA416F2BA17DA8251BC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3924B0C06D3BF24B761CDFC527191249" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="8EBCC82A643DC68CA89BF4B5112D8441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually found growing in open places, abandoned cultivation, and roadsides, in a variety of forest types; between sea level and 2,000 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEEEFA7F43D7DBC8C4031160D224864C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="899731EA830509BCD61B9C864BAD4954" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6FDD4D62A50BF6CEE08F54561B9428E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China. ci tian qie (
<bibRefCitation id="C6EAE41CCFCB7E43BFB92067ECAD6679" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
); Yunnan: xue shan qie (eggplant from the snow mountain; 
<emphasis id="AB4D9F766FE4EB3DDAD05F0856866C78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yu 15962</emphasis>
). India. Bihar: jangali baigan (
<bibRefCitation id="D25BF0C7C9F367B03BE1E9E81B6F3FC0" author="Varma, SK" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B254" refString="Varma, SK, 1981. Flora of Bhagalpur. Today's &amp; Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi." title="Flora of Bhagalpur. Today's &amp; Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi." year="1981">Varma 1981</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="8927F804068E776A52C7BD2D02CD3CC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="617621AB0F01DD75A5775B451908F2D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Goa: ringani, inoti-ringani, badane, dorli (darli), motaring (
<bibRefCitation id="7E4731234AAD7D41B3C01430D8177A43" author="Naithani, HB" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B184" refString="Naithani, HB, Sahni, KC, Bennett, SSR, 1997. Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." title="Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." year="1997">Naithani et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
); Karnataka: mullsunde, kad badne, ustikai (
<bibRefCitation id="C4978AADDB3F22A66FD1F30B1AE12D23" author="Singh, NP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B226" refString="Singh, NP, 1988. Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455-462." title="Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455 - 462." year="1988">Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
); Kerala: cheruchunda (
<bibRefCitation id="CE025999BF268D7369662CA094EF907A" author="Mohanan, M" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B178" refString="Mohanan, M, Henry, AN, 1994. Flora of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta." title="Flora of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta." year="1994">Mohanan and Henry 1994</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="E7A093B5AB9A79B85D6EEE4897D6A0C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. anguivi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="845D096D08EDAC3AC7C33953B246E620" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. anguivi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lam.); Tamil Nadu: naaimulli, mulluchundai [Tamil] (
<bibRefCitation id="30FE1B72512F335165B3BD648CAE420E" author="Matthew, KM" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B159" refString="Matthew, KM, 1983. Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. Volume 3. Dioscesan Press, Madras [Chennai]." title="Flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. Volume 3. Dioscesan Press, Madras [Chennai]." year="1983">Matthew 1983</bibRefCitation>
); cherukinda, cheruvazhuthanai [Malayalam], ciruvaludalai, kondal, karimulli [Tamil] (
<bibRefCitation id="5D5A0466DFCD4ACC7D75F426ACB5E8EA" author="Nair, KKN" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B183" refString="Nair, KKN, Nayar, M, 1987. Flora of Courtallum. Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi." title="Flora of Courtallum. Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi." year="1987">Nair and Nayar 1987</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="0B04B25C699D6175F83AB2F671291705" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="DE1423A76680E1F3289E8107F4DB7427" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), mulli, pappara-mulli, karimulli [Tamil] (
<bibRefCitation id="892007996BAF620933037E1A983696E2" author="Henry, AN" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B94" refString="Henry, AN, Kumari, GR, Chithra, V, 1987. Flora of Tamil Nadu, India. Series I: Analysis. Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore." title="Flora of Tamil Nadu, India. Series I: Analysis. Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore." year="1987">Henry et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="3217BC1F2D7CF537725F31B3D84FE56C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. anguivi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="87342FAF154D07D5D7A655EC67FAD924" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. anguivi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Malaysia/Singapore: 
<normalizedToken id="7B6F58D891ABBE3E39C5EBE59298B738" originalValue="tĕrong">tĕrong</normalizedToken>
pipit puteh, 
<normalizedToken id="06EFCC221819D0DC1B4DC45B2882D3DC" originalValue="tĕrong">tĕrong</normalizedToken>
pipit hijau (
<bibRefCitation id="C8E1722446E9622236A619A401329890" author="Burkill, IH" journalOrPublisher="Wasmann Journal of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Burkill, IH, 1935. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." title="A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
), 
<normalizedToken id="4C055510D0BE5C3413E49B880697985E" originalValue="tèrong">terong</normalizedToken>
peuheur [Sundanese] (
<bibRefCitation id="868E2BCF7AFC7FF8014206E79F5EAF04" author="Burkill, IH" journalOrPublisher="Wasmann Journal of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Burkill, IH, 1935. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." title="A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2F2349901A9FBBE424FABD403867CEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The roots of 
<taxonomicName id="BCEFDB65C34BEE0AF2A8067796EC8F90" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="38BB1CB5EBD466079A3095729DC07C13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="C7CE043167F3F12C1ABA14A49983038D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="736CC70E4742AAF8B917547BFC220D7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are one of the ingredients of Dashamoola of Ayurvedic medicine used to treat inflammatory conditions of all kinds (
<bibRefCitation id="13CAD64CD7386631FDD4D8BCA35FE8CA" author="Naithani, HB" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B184" refString="Naithani, HB, Sahni, KC, Bennett, SSR, 1997. Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." title="Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." year="1997">Naithani et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="6F351C880C58E19C3AE51DA9FB7573B8" author="Jain, SP" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B108" refString="Jain, SP, Verma, DM, Singh, SC, Singh, JS, Kumar, S, 2000. Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." title="Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." year="2000">Jain et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). It is regarded as a diuretic, is used for treatment of dropsy, and as an asthma and catarrhal expectorant (
<bibRefCitation id="E6F4FB9C8F4C5CF7ECB0BE11B2734960" author="Jain, SP" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B108" refString="Jain, SP, Verma, DM, Singh, SC, Singh, JS, Kumar, S, 2000. Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." title="Flora of Haryana. Central Institute of Medicinal Plants, Lucknow." year="2000">Jain et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Unripe fruits are used in the preparation of curries (
<bibRefCitation id="4B7E833BB555CCCE8181A4B3748FB8BF" author="Naithani, HB" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B184" refString="Naithani, HB, Sahni, KC, Bennett, SSR, 1997. Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." title="Forest flora of Goa. International Book distributors, Dehra Dun." year="1997">Naithani et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F817444DCAFDA20ABCEEA6E76504F610" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="68E24CE1D02937605C82DE90DA50C0A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4D812C0F66588A7B2AE7ED3938ABCD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="60B55719BFEEF0DCE289233D63FD08B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="64ED29F32550C1DA604D39220D68CCF2" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern (LC). EOO (10,078,363 km2, LC); AOO (988 km2, VU). 
<taxonomicName id="55D63C7E848DEA2481ED281DE75A4465" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="8E4A985B569F26F83B9C8B45E49ECCFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most widely distributed spiny solanums of tropical Asia and grows in a wide variety of disturbed habitats, often as large populations of individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="355BBFEF6EC2C4DD314272E3FCCA1706" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8F1BA89170C10EEFD00464355ED0AA9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4395CFAC8173134DC31F3F89ACAFA801" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6E35A69FA8B4120352E6350D990DCB5C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="041C05726D50B043C1EB8708D4A4D907" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very widespread and is common where it occurs. In the older literature the name 
<taxonomicName id="A5DEB6AF57FC715A46B60838605AD089" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="D79F9BA25C43D6D8D1BD4BE15805329D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was often used for this taxon, but considerable confusion over its application led to its suppression (
<bibRefCitation id="15F03D07D76978DD942F04494B8DFA58" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B95" refString="Hepper, FN, 1978. (456, 457) Proposals to list Solanum indicum L. and Solanum sodomeum L. as rejected names under Article 69 of the ICBN. Taxon 27(5/6): 555-555. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" title="(456, 457) Proposals to list Solanum indicum L. and Solanum sodomeum L. as rejected names under Article 69 of the ICBN. Taxon 27 (5 / 6): 555 - 555." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" year="1978">Hepper 1978</bibRefCitation>
; see Doubtful and excluded names).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E05C7CF82CF06554CF5910484424BA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C53153AA8E43614796C770DA482BB467" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="E348EF99F6AA94FCF2571CE8B326347C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of disturbed areas, often growing along roadsides and in stream beds. It has been confused with 
<taxonomicName id="AE2BD449923958F29396CB820EFA2C39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. anguivi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="B7288313E733D8BAFBB5E175594CB6DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. anguivi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lam., an African taxon, because of its small orange to red berries and small, hermaphroditic flowers (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="25C6113EFB5F92B0EB651315BEC2428A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Columbia University Press, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B95" refString="Hepper, FN, 1978. (456, 457) Proposals to list Solanum indicum L. and Solanum sodomeum L. as rejected names under Article 69 of the ICBN. Taxon 27(5/6): 555-555. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" title="(456, 457) Proposals to list Solanum indicum L. and Solanum sodomeum L. as rejected names under Article 69 of the ICBN. Taxon 27 (5 / 6): 555 - 555." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219929" year="1978">Hepper 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FEB3C42D775F9D319AB60E3693D7A03D" author="Singh, V" editor="Shetty, BV" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 579" refId="B227" refString="Singh, V, 1991. Solanaceae. In: Shetty, BV, Singh, V, Eds., Flora of Rajasthan Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta: 562 - 579" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Rajasthan Vol." year="1991">Singh 1991</bibRefCitation>
), but is not directly related to that species. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="6E07D62D2BEBEDA0E890D5743711BB9F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. anguivi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="4E6259196E47F469BA137DDBB3645A74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. anguivi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its orange, rather than red, berries, its usually violet or pale violet, rather than white flowers, and in its straight, spreading pedicels in fruit, rather than slightly curved pedicels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78E72AEF3318C6FA25F924B2570B83" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the Flora of Bhutan (
<bibRefCitation id="EC25961207BFA949A427664E34C9FF25" author="Mill, RR" editor="Grierson, AJC" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edniburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1037 - 1078" refId="B173" refString="Mill, RR, 2001. Solanaceae. In: Grierson, AJC, Long, DG, Springate, LS, Eds., Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edniburgh: 1037 - 1078" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling Volume 2, part 3." year="2001">Mill 2001</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName id="B789E33BEC4F52148985E6438C05DBBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="B373C743D49709AB4C457ECAF503F513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as 
<taxonomicName id="F6D7110F31534AEE44F3F159CC3434C2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="C0BF462B82E3CA10629E76E2BF6A3562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kurzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimens with few prickles) and 
<taxonomicName id="B726A3DE5C8E69D3E0E86A9D94008257" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. anguivi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="0638CDC7D36543EF05CB523415ACB2A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. anguivi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(prickly plants).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1401BD5F7AEF04098A77F5B3E33D20E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="030CE8DA91B63A30D1947973DF225CD8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="FCEB218AE4D863CD700EFF20A2EB12F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with its close relatives 
<taxonomicName id="2B08897AF04B7BD0525AEBF2A664407C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. deflexicarpum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexicarpum">
<emphasis id="B8CE626D8E8EF919728056B4963E186E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. deflexicarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of southern China, 
<taxonomicName id="BBFC83D24BB48D18FAE6C0494CAD9A30" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hovei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hovei">
<emphasis id="7EE2B10CD658E92686A73CBDF6749A01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hovei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="8ABAB36477A46F3FE9E06AD2D7AD308E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="62DEAACA88F80F978F149A0541A11F8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter two endemic to India. All of these species have strongly deflexed pedicels in fruit, while those of 
<taxonomicName id="6207F9D743ED889A3CF18E7C5A7F27DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="795A6196080F2A46CD56BF8D72DF959A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are broadly spreading and usually longer. See those species descriptions for more details. 
<taxonomicName id="761905E69D84B1DF01D900D7DD4B6165" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="7E073EA2BBECC84471D7825F86B5EA9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite variable across its range in leaf shape and prickliness; populations from Sri Lanka and Thailand lacking prickles have been called 
<taxonomicName id="1D107B54FC900C69BC8D3F3061F933E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="1EE826143252E1DE20B6A8607C85E502" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kurzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6FFBDD9F702174024FD49A85D3FCF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sanitwongsei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanitwongsei">
<emphasis id="6C8E5BB36A43999DEBA3262154F2B24B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sanitwongsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. Similar unarmed plants, however, are found across the range of 
<taxonomicName id="5B99912812C9CA66A9C7310540320B38" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="EF52A89FCCCCA64840B2ADB48D4DAF43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and even within populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E18F420152CCE5E64E3C0E7A97FCE915" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="88DF7325DEB68AEC33C5526D9A7C24FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum chinense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinense">
<emphasis id="8B46F7B9868C620D101F714D3E2A6211" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum chinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as a species of uncertain status related to 
<taxonomicName id="AD6F15C7E6DAD446B1D552ED34629296" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="D2014AE67004BEE2F31B984F5B32D5BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6DA291C1F8DC764A6035B8F9B6CC00DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.164866" author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B70" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1813. Histoire naturelle, medicale et economique des Solanum et des genres qui ont ete confundus avec eux. Renaud, Montpellier. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.164866" title="Histoire naturelle, medicale et economique des Solanum et des genres qui ont ete confundus avec eux. Renaud, Montpellier." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.164866" year="1813">Dunal 1813</bibRefCitation>
) referring only to 
<bibRefCitation id="07977760436D1D94E7E76D8FE587B3EC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154246" author="Tournefort, JP de" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Applied Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B246" refString="Tournefort, JP de, 1700. Institutiones rei herbariae. Vol. 1. Typographia Regia, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154246" title="Institutiones rei herbariae. Vol. 1. Typographia Regia, Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154246" year="1700">Tournefort (1700)</bibRefCitation>
and an illustration from 
<bibRefCitation id="182801006AC8723073F38F04D0154AA8" author="Plukenet, L" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B192" refString="Plukenet, L, 1691. Phytographia, pars altera. London." title="Phytographia, pars altera. London." year="1691">Plukenet (1691)</bibRefCitation>
; we have found no other authentic original material, and so lectotypify the name using the Plukenet illustration which matches the protologue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD6C499FE5485AB1DA03D1CC070FB0F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The varieties of 
<taxonomicName id="307155626EFA3EDD1FC14757EA13C25E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B9C5AD15BB2DE8DB38B6915CE73492BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu Nees described by 
<bibRefCitation id="CB47264E4A849799CAD016C0C90676D7" author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
, were based on the polynomial varieties from 
<bibRefCitation id="EAF8A3C892CA505354A1F42A7404C629" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1834. Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
, which themselves were based entirely on specimens from 
<normalizedToken id="C4F8F15D5D95BF038C26D6D82E8A9463" originalValue="Wallich’s">Wallich's</normalizedToken>
herbarium that he saw in London (
<bibRefCitation id="477BA5EF6CEC823D3CA8D6B7AABC83AE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00355.x" author="De Candolle, R" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B61" refString="De Candolle, R, Radcliffe-Smith, A, 1981. Nathaniel Wallich, MD, PhD, FRS, FLS, FRGS, (1786-1854) and the Herbarium of the Honourable East Indian Comapany, and their relation to the de Candolles of Geneva and the great Prodromus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 83(4): 325-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00355.x" title="Nathaniel Wallich, MD, PhD, FRS, FLS, FRGS, (1786 - 1854) and the Herbarium of the Honourable East Indian Comapany, and their relation to the de Candolles of Geneva and the great Prodromus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 83 (4): 325 - 348." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00355.x" year="1981">De Candolle and Radcliffe-Smith 1981</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="CDF86863E29533E068D7A63F96CCF3A5" author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
cited a number of specimens and concepts in synonymy, making typification difficult, but in lectotypifying these infraspecific names we have used specimens at G-DC that Dunal definitely would have seen during his preparation of the 
<taxonomicName id="50BE5F7109EE423DFFB872B26BE95512" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prodromus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prodromus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prodromus</taxonomicName>
treatment. For var. 
<taxonomicName id="792C9254833729EE8D81FBBFE732BDBC" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prodromus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prodromus var. sinuatolobatum" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="indicum" variety="sinuatolobatum">Prodromus sinuatolobatum</taxonomicName>
we have selected as the lectotype a collection specifically mentioned in the protologue &quot;Cuming 2261, hb. Boiss.&quot; (G00442779) that is widely duplicated. For var. 
<taxonomicName id="99E35C850EE1A96D5AE221DD79A751CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pinnatifidum var. parvifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pinnatifidum" variety="parvifolium">Solanum pinnatifidum parvifolium</taxonomicName>
we have selected the 
<emphasis id="C24BA245FC19F7D5753E01D3AEAE111D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bouton s.n.</emphasis>
specimen from Mauritius in G-DC cited in the protologue (G00130374) because it is an unambiguous, well-preserved specimen. Var. 
<taxonomicName id="0D9ED95E881CAB5AEC51BF18AB93E122" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pinnatifidum var. eroso-pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pinnatifidum" variety="eroso-pinnatifidum">Solanum pinnatifidum eroso-pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
cited &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="F4BEB9ED3ECB4A5F6282D950EF31B4F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifidum">S. pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CC047B270E208078F2EB5E70CD42194E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Roth</emphasis>
, S. heynii 
<emphasis id="D2F99D5A489611AECF8DE3E638F77139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.&amp;S.</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="543D81860FCCFE5496620EEA0FC6F3FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B4DD870262F77B88C2310BB948ED061B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum indicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">Solanum indicum</taxonomicName>
Wall. cat. 2626
</emphasis>
D,E&quot; as material; we have selected the G-DC specimen of &quot;Wallich cat. 2626E&quot; (G00130375) as the lectotype of this variety. The 
<normalizedToken id="E2A675C6AC54A1FD26925C67F3774DB0" originalValue="“duplicate”">&quot;duplicate&quot;</normalizedToken>
in the Wallich herbarium at Kew (K00116646) is a mixture of potentially three elements, only the lower L hand stem of which we regard as isolectotype material; this fragment has the letter 
<normalizedToken id="F09B443B0AB5E75679EEB5D063A4FD97" originalValue="“E”">&quot;E&quot;</normalizedToken>
in pencil, as does the larger R hand fragment. This larger fragment appears to be a collection of 
<taxonomicName id="4D1DC03DEBE23F4E2EBD1238ED0C8F34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. multiflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="AD14D33B95A34C1A34F353C617764F8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and so we exclude it as type material for var. 
<taxonomicName id="817AF40F6811CEA41F6CBCB432F14D67" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum multiflorum var. eroso-pinnatifidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="multiflorum" variety="eroso-pinnatifidum">Solanum multiflorum eroso-pinnatifidum</taxonomicName>
. Duplicates of all these varieties in Nees van 
<normalizedToken id="7AA505CF0DF6772938092C43A2B29789" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
own herbarium at GZU all correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="C872D37A0460A4EF1328C1185E21E768" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. violaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="8B789DE5378182F6B9041CD9BF73A5CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are considered isolectotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9343BD60CA3C686D98235B266A1BB247" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="95A57C2313B6C7FE9FE0950658EFBEAF" author="Miquel, FAW" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B176" refString="Miquel, FAW, 1857. Ordo CLXIV. Solanaeae Juss. Flora Nederlandsch Indie. Vol. 2. CG van der Post, Amsterdam, 633-672." title="Ordo CLXIV. Solanaeae Juss. Flora Nederlandsch Indie. Vol. 2. CG van der Post, Amsterdam, 633 - 672." year="1857">Miquel (1857)</bibRefCitation>
cited three specimens in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="29EDC9870510D1FCE9F4E5282268A5CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. junghuhnii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junghuhnii">
<emphasis id="087ED163EB164B092925EC4E9E9D3F0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. junghuhnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="0880BA1E3A7ABBED8FDDF3D67590BBF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gesker s.n.</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken id="2CA7F40D1B4B55E7C13F4861D5BD0645" originalValue="“Tjiltajap”">&quot;Tjiltajap&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis id="E72D6CAFEF5264906518F2F9C9D28691" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Junghuhn s.n.</emphasis>
from &quot;Awoe Awoe&quot; and 
<emphasis id="885D10E1A1D7D5226E97FAF01F3E3D77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horsfield s.n.</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken id="2F7A73298A5E3E0663DF2B31BC87089A" originalValue="“Soerakarta”">&quot;Soerakarta&quot;</normalizedToken>
. We have selected the Leiden specimen (L 0003638) collected by F.W. Junghuhn as the lectotype, it is labelled unambiguously as to locality and matches the protologue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4E16B171C9D5A4B99FCFA0B9BCC044F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="D3B9A10FCA8045CBBDEEEF9E95FBD74E" author="Clarke, CB" editor="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 4. Reeve &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="228 - 246" refId="B44" refString="Clarke, CB, 1883. Solanaceae. In: Hooker, JD, Ed., Flora of British India. Vol. 4. Reeve &amp; Co., London: 228 - 246" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of British India." year="1883">Clarke (1883)</bibRefCitation>
indicated his uncertainty over the identity of his 
<taxonomicName id="EDA236F86F144BF6709109D8D2FCDF96" authority="by stating &quot; Var.? lobata" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lobata subsp. var. var. lobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobata">S. pubescens var. lobatum by stating &quot;Var.? lobata</taxonomicName>
&quot; and &quot;it resembles the unarmed form of 
<taxonomicName id="CFB33D82C7F4D534E8C3538E28F0E647" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. Melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="Melongena">
<emphasis id="39705D0FB420F858B0350209261D5589" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Melongena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the flowers are too small.&quot; He cited a specimen &quot;from Herb. Calcutta, named 
<taxonomicName id="59410F16F4D3938B76FA16E0D9C23744" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="913B87B351FAA1CADCBBDC1385F9BC3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Kurz&quot;. Several specimens in CAL are so labelled, we have selected the best of these (CAL0000018697) as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1455078889537EFC7E08C052B7BD88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="F827501949E45C147DB73924F5479CC3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="5418F8C2BDBBF76336292E4E66254AE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kurzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5A015E59985AAF4890D408BA99359D68" author="Prain, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="541 - 543" refId="B197" refString="Prain, D, 1896. Noviciae Indiae XIV. Some additional Solanaceae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 65 (2): 541 - 543" title="Noviciae Indiae XIV. Some additional Solanaceae." volume="65" year="1896">Prain 1896</bibRefCitation>
) cites three specimens, two from Sikkim (
<emphasis id="FF25F551CD6DF56D64AFC824B1029D69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomson s.n.</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="1752D118A2B7B172B2BE7C48DF968689" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">King s.n.</emphasis>
) and one from 
<normalizedToken id="086B2E6247A390B44B5125F558E75FA4" originalValue="“Khasia”">&quot;Khasia&quot;</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="9C1CF9FF40554AE5006CECE7331D8A33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mann s.n.</emphasis>
). Specimens collected from the effort towards the flora of British India (
<bibRefCitation id="D5FDDDB77358FA31CE572236C8AB697E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-008-0033-8" author="Endersby, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 169" refId="B79" refString="Endersby, J, 2008. Joseph Hooker: Philosophical botanist. Journal of Biosciences 33 (2): 163 - 169, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-008-0033-8" title="Joseph Hooker: Philosophical botanist." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-008-0033-8" volume="33" year="2008">Endersby 2008</bibRefCitation>
) are usually un-numbered and have minimal to no locality information. Tracing them can be challenging. A sheet at Kew (K000441390) collected by George King in Sikkim in 1874 matches the protologue in being nearly without prickles and is here selected as the lectotype for 
<taxonomicName id="D070096ABC7BDF21DD3EC55D48E7EE9E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. kurzii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="34152E7E6401CE0AA005CAA74212BBDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. kurzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42E4787A3C9A83E56B75B0E55221C813" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="731F073A307B256421A1D3957A43172F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. santiwongsei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santiwongsei">
<emphasis id="E7E62E81EA626BE1A2204915A9B11273" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. santiwongsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cites only an un-numbered collection of A.F.G. Kerr from Bangkok, with no further details. Craib in his many papers of additions to &quot;Siamese plants&quot; never cited herbaria, but in the final compilation of these lists (
<bibRefCitation id="9F6D42C21D49089AF1A93CDD66728E75" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4107694" author="Craib, WG" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="234 - 247" refId="B46" refString="Craib, WG, 1928. Contributions to the flora of Siam. Additamentum XXV. Kew Bulletin 1928: 234 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4107694" title="Contributions to the flora of Siam. Additamentum XXV." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4107694" volume="1928" year="1928">Craib 1928</bibRefCitation>
) stated that the distributions of all species were taken from specimens at Kew. We have therefore selected a specimen collected by Kerr in Bangkok of a cultivated plant annotated with the name 
<taxonomicName id="2060B2F65C3B1F5C4E1B92AD9D8FF979" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sanitwongsei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanitwongsei">
<emphasis id="572D18A14C1C4578B59C0542D852DEF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sanitwongsei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K000922035), as the lectotype of this name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1047660501EAB73239E3A4629021560" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The type of 
<taxonomicName id="D68448F9D1AACD2004F228F536B2642F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nivalomontanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nivalomontanum">
<emphasis id="61E9F3CD825272F249508F754B96B431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nivalomontanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indicated as being in PE (
<bibRefCitation id="DFB3FF67624647240AA8721AF74D312C" author="Wu, CY" journalOrPublisher="Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="72 - 80" refId="B274" refString="Wu, CY, Huang, SC, 1978. Materiae ad floram Solanorum et Lycianthum Sinensium. Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao 16: 72 - 80" title="Materiae ad floram Solanorum et Lycianthum Sinensium." volume="16" year="1978">Wu and Huang 1978</bibRefCitation>
), but two duplicates of the type gathering are housed there; we here select the better preserved of these (PE00031398) as the lectotype. The protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="795C64DF8D42C7BF9B7EEF22ACC1E089" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="album" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. indicum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="indicum" subSpecies="forma">S. indicum forma album</taxonomicName>
cites a gathering (
<emphasis id="EEC4B8BC41D93A69BC0034748D30057D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang 85018</emphasis>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E2F3AF2C91D176E11924C52EC33B29EF" author="Wu, CY" journalOrPublisher="Zhiwu Fenlei Xuebao" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B275" refString="Wu, CY, Huang, SC, 1979. Solanaceae. Flora Yunnanica. Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, 541-611." title="Solanaceae. Flora Yunnanica. Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, 541 - 611." year="1979">Wu and Huang 1979</bibRefCitation>
), but no herbarium is mentioned. We have selected the duplicate preserved in PE (PE00031401) as the lectotype, because we have been able to access images of it and ascertain its identity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A0E83407E8B5ABEC9D9AB7D7AAC7DC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B57550A3B50CC5F5D6D6A812CBDDFC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8C946DB548662DA2217B1BAC418484E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>