223 lines
40 KiB
XML
223 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="54450" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e648719-6df1-4caa-8f40-817b22aa7181" ID-PMC="PMC10448245" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1175-163" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CE03B1B394CF56B48E8F7E5026CD639C" ID-PubMed="37636526" ID-ZooBank="E88FF072E8C945AEA4944B2A5F7DD7E8" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1175-163" checkinTime="1692265381537" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yin, Wenqi, Zhu, Pingzhou & Shi, Hongliang" docDate="2023" docId="2EA92D77CCEC52E3AFCBBC6E66589349" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1175: 163-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1175" docPubDate="2023-08-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636" docTitle="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) Sciaky & Allegro 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CE03B1B394CF56B48E8F7E5026CD639C" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="CE03B1B394CF56B48E8F7E5026CD639C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study on the subgenus Orientostichus, the Pterostichus pulcher species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichus)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1732674064089" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BE18B588329FF8B81562B0035B4C3C89">Taxonomic study on the subgenus Orientostichus, the Pterostichus pulcher species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0D124012E4D55934B4306C90F20BE0E">Yin, Wenqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42109D9CC481C4C6594A76B05A3B7CD5">College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BAF4FF055AF56CCEEEAFD81216BF4D6F">Zhu, Pingzhou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="047228E1DB3CB278FDF21777A6F222AB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-6764</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2ED931348C61B4F0809D077EFD30AFB4">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D034E07FD4C15B3692ABB475D9C842A2">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B049BFFF1EB917A38221634CE701F60">College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="61BE5350965A824469BD51E58FC20F85">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7A0A5AED1F6C353B1145E91F0D24C162">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="02162E758CA449BA33CD4255B257F950">2023-08-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="53E9D56EFC058BFA16FA9E383BB0117C">1175</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2EA92D77CCEC52E3AFCBBC6E66589349" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212430359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA92D77CCEC52E3AFCBBC6E66589349" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EA92D77CCEC52E3AFCBBC6E66589349" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<subSubSection id="2832AE8E013D5D4872C00F4249A2381C" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="76A1BF945534A8453386620B4FDCFA0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="60CFA17EDCFC34B563E160F0F51B5D3A" ID-CoL="8MMTR" LSID="2EA92D77-CCEC-52E3-AFCB-BC6E66589349" authority="Sciaky & Allegro, 2013" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus Orientostichus Sciaky & Allegro, 2013</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEF3A56E5D609FA3CA0E59C491130AC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="98259DCB684F94CF79CADF4C922E119F" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName id="AEC93F044033F2D0D298C9ECF03476ED" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Orientostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orientostichus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orientostichus</taxonomicName>
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Sciaky & Allegro, 2013: 113;
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<bibRefCitation id="0E709FECBC2BDFB157EC17BB165D9894" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" author="Fedorenko, DN" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" pagination="107 - 121" refId="B1" refString="Fedorenko, DN, 2018. Notes on Pterostichus subgenus Steropanus Fairmaire, 1889 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of new species. Russian Entomological Journal 27 (2): 107 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" title="Notes on Pterostichus subgenus Steropanus Fairmaire, 1889 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of new species." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" volume="27" year="2018">Fedorenko 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 111.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EAB3D133970B5ED0F95F699EBBC57C87" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="F46C9C32BB89C41204D6D6D65FD5B8A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03B8C1DC718D09511F1210F889C38933" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
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<taxonomicName id="55CA69B7B5ACB33C0DCA5AE3D3CC3A13" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus prattii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prattii">
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<emphasis id="21EF61EAC14EF33EA99BCE1CF201BD32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus prattii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bates, 1890 (type locality: Wa-Shan, Sichuan, China).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A992F3A1B1AE6B0CD9AD83A24AF5E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C34AFADB89619917AEE35D77FBE85B45" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Subgeneric characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="18E63B2FBADEA6C09DDE79580E9B03A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Body moderately to strongly robust, medium to large sized, body length 13-32 mm. Terminal labial palpomere more or less expanded, usually subtriangular. Mesofemora with two setae on posterior ventral margin; metacoxae with two setae; metatrochanters without seta; fifth tarsomere usually setose ventrally. Elytral epipleura crossed. Umbilicate pore series on interval 9 continuous in middle (middle pores only slightly sparser than those near base and apex). Male sternite VII with or without secondary sexual modification. Male genitalia stout, apical lamella relatively long and twisted longitudinally. Endophallus with sclerotized projections on the ventral surface.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5AAD6022E6249CD5A19F8C33A643B2B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="taxonomic comments">
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<paragraph id="86C331816849B49FD6D5A0A650F09B94" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5576D1734879CA4CC4CEE5FF3D323788" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
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When erected, 14 species were included in the subgenus (
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<bibRefCitation id="8555B31D957B2D264F944BF58063ADAC" author="Sciaky, R" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" pagination="113 - 122" refId="B8" refString="Sciaky, R, Allegro, G, 2013. Two new subgenera and two new species of Pterostichus from China (Coleoptera Carabidae). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 37: 113 - 122" title="Two new subgenera and two new species of Pterostichus from China (Coleoptera Carabidae)." volume="37" year="2013">Sciaky and Allegro 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Later,
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<taxonomicName id="7D9D0B9504B28D0518F3C8B65978194B" authorityName="Jedlicka" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tritrichis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tritrichis chinensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
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<emphasis id="165FE9593059150EEDE2BFBE9431C8F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Tritrichis chinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="FE8F2B28E8DC8315094B6742FE9667C7" originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
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, 1962 was added to this subgenus as well (
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<bibRefCitation id="0427AF25E626A579E8FDEE0883C96587" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" author="Fedorenko, DN" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" pagination="107 - 121" refId="B1" refString="Fedorenko, DN, 2018. Notes on Pterostichus subgenus Steropanus Fairmaire, 1889 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of new species. Russian Entomological Journal 27 (2): 107 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" title="Notes on Pterostichus subgenus Steropanus Fairmaire, 1889 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of new species." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.2.01" volume="27" year="2018">Fedorenko 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 111). However, this species actually belongs in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="1141CBB998637A8393445A72678C1348" authorityName="Gyllenhaal" authorityYear="1810" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Synuchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synuchus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="87D9C5E1BB029D6D519A38FF3488D759" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Synuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gyllenhal, 1810 (see below for details).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="17EA72FE6230E67B9BB4734CF5F7687E" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
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The monophyly of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="955893C9DB7CDA2B3EBE9ADF74421CC0" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus Orientostichus</taxonomicName>
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is supported by its distinctive features of the male genitalia, namely the apical lamella more or less twisted longitudinally. The relationships among the 14 previously described species are not understood, because most of these species have few taxonomic characteristics useful to recognize them except for the diverse secondary modifications on male sternite VII. Nevertheless, the relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="AFCFF20837AC488821EBBAF90409F2B0" lsidName="P. pulcher" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="710440C0E1028BCF3058A190259518AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">P. pulcher</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sciaky & Allegro with another six new species described herein is supported by their morphological similarity in several features. We define the
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<taxonomicName id="DA789E16832849F8B08C54BA9AD4B0DB" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus pulcher" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="D6AEA3D7AC8783738BCFE5EE3089FFC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus pulcher</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group for the species of subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="B16D15568C83759D339EB6D2D5D83759" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus Orientostichus</taxonomicName>
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to include those species having the elytral intervals 3 and 5 each with ≥ 3 large and foveate discal pores, interrupting intervals and forming irregularly catenulate sculpturing. Affinities of the seven species belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="01742324FC0F25AD00F5CB3B48C8A6F2" lsidName="P. pulcher" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="6A35848FCD95E5CF9B4BBE5D77FE95FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">P. pulcher</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group can be supported by characteristics of the endophallus of male genitalia: endophallus asetose, basal sclerotized projection (bsp) deeply grooved in the middle, forming a spiral-shaped or U-shaped structure (Figs
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<figureCitation id="81173D7ADF31213D04ED45336855A113" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893316" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">19</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation id="D217D015A412341D20B91B0298F4B32C" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">28</figureCitation>
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). In contrast, in
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<taxonomicName id="DC1F9AEC84D3B0818E5F3A8E812CBE8A" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus prattii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prattii">
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<emphasis id="FF53ADC53EC13CD2E38C79A8CA47C212" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus prattii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and its related species, there are coarse setae on the dorsal-apical surface of endophallus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="F54B50BD451A0C31F5D1BECEC4FD9782" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">29</figureCitation>
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). Whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="DF3C882B500FA544A3C6D7F90D0E276C" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus curtatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtatus">
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<emphasis id="BB7BB9F1DE7A8C52447584094EDD5CF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus curtatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="095351035432428ED6D80C3D99EFE556" lsidName="P. perlutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="perlutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7335D80CD1BCA97EDF371108DF4FCA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">P. perlutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some undescribed species related to them, such setae are absent, and the basal sclerotized projection is not grooved but slightly hooked (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="520F68B5819D046DCBB37F614B393CE9" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">30</figureCitation>
|
||
). These characteristic clearly distinguished them from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C537AC3A5C8F22E0119EE8657FB756CD" lsidName="P. pulcher" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="D83170799248478AF818B594FCD8B7EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">P. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E5D2414479EC4DB06E6DE692BD58734F" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C9AF38CBAE17148C931C40AF92DEC9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Morphological characters of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE0756ADA3F98DD6E6A9DF817E6B5586" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus pulcher" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3921BF7526CD71BB44C575C8E16AB82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="55D8505F91407937F791F163556EE17D" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
Relatively robust pterostichine beetles, medium-sized for the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D81D29C00EA9C598F87CE3B6D0AEFC11" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus Orientostichus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BL 14.0-18.5 mm, BW 4.9-6.2 mm. Dorsal surface nearly black or a little brownish black, without evident metallic luster; mouthparts and tarsomeres sometimes reddish brown. Head medium-sized, nearly smooth. Eyes large and convex; two supraorbital setae present; frontal grooves deep, slightly sinuate, reaching mid-point of eyes; temporae short, slightly convex. Antennae exceeding pronotal base in one or two segments, antennomere 3 with or without accessory setae. Labrum and clypeus shallowly curved inward apically; mandibles straight and elongate, apex evenly curved; terminal labial and maxillary palpomere slightly expanded, subtriangular, a little more broadly expanded in males; penultimate labial palpomere with two setae along inner margin, without extra seta near apex; submentum with one lateral seta on each side. Pronotum circular or subcordate, disc with faint isodiametric microsculpture; widest near 1/3, with ≥ 1 mid-lateral setae; basal seta very close to posterior angle. Anterior margin markedly emarginate, narrowly bordered along its entire length. Anterior angles narrowly rounded, their apices not or slightly projected. Posterior margin almost straight, sometimes very shallowly concave in middle, much narrower than base of elytra between humeral angles. Disc moderately convex, often with transverse wrinkles aside median line. Basal foveae with inner and outer grooves well-defined but both without clear limits, these partly fused at base, outer groove evidently shorter than inner one. Elytra oblong, width a little greater than 1/2 of length, widest a little behind middle, with distinct isodiametric microsculpture in both males and females. Shoulders rounded, humeral angles obtuse and not projected outward, apex not dentate. Striae deep and impunctate, parascutellar pore usually absent, rarely present on base of stria 1; intervals clearly convex, elytral intervals 3 and 5 each with ≥ 3 large and foveate discal pores, sometimes discal pores also present on interval 7; these intervals are interrupted by discal pores, forming irregularly catenulate sculpturing. Umbilicate pore series on interval 9 composed of 21-23 pores, continuous in middle (middle pores only slightly sparser than those near base and apex, thus the basal, middle, and apical groups of pores cannot be clearly separated). Ventral side: Metepisternum length slightly shorter than basal width; sternite VII with one seta on each side in males, two in females; male sternite VII usually with secondary sexual modification. Fifth tarsomere setose ventrally. Male genitalia: Median lobe of aedeagus stout, curved near basal 1/3; apical lamella twisted longitudinally. Right paramere relatively short and stout, apex rounded. Endophallus strongly directed ventrally, with three sclerotized projections on ventral surface: two preapical projections very close to gonopore, small and slightly hooked; basal sclerotized projection (bsp) close to margin of apical orifice, large and deeply grooved in the middle to its left-apical side, bsp divided into two branches, left branch always narrow and simple, while right branch much thicker and showing morphology diversity among different species: dorsal surface prominent forming a hooked tubercle (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="385CCCAB8959B3DFD04ACB53D3695C14" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893316" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">19-21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6023435993D8BB28BDE18C85F0008BC4" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">25</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex extended and bent forming a spiral-shaped structure (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1F971F11FC0726534BB87EBF7D7F3EF" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893316" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="026A27EA7989647DE9D7D47E644887B8" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">26</figureCitation>
|
||
), or U-shaped with dorsal surface sinuate (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6B8CBA1EA86DF37279B28C4AFB57DB3" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893316" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="52C6AB78104F93434CD86A216E8A37E2" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 19 - 24. Endophallus of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view and right lateral view 19 P. pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Zhaojue county 20 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 21 P. leo sp. nov., paratype from Shizishan mountain, Jinyang county 22 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 23 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 24 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures19-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893316" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4A70F39F349C723CB35B95F3611D518C" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="94673C6B88C2A66174CD14881B4677AE" captionStart="Figures 25–30" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 25 - 30. 25 - 28 endophallus bsp of Pterostichus pulcher species group, left lateral view 25 P. orbicollis sp. nov., paratype from Longzhoushan mountain, Huili county 26 P. liyuani sp. nov., paratype from Luojishan mountain, Puge county 27 P. condylus sp. nov., paratype from Mianning county 28 P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro, paratype from Yizi Yakou, E'bian county to Meigu county 29, 30 Endophallus of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) spp., left lateral view and right lateral view 29 P. prattii Bates, 1890, a male from Sanming city, Fujian province 30 P. curtatus Fairmaire, a male from Heqing county, Yunnan province. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: gp: gonopore, gpl: gonopore lobe, bsp: basal sclerotized projection, vb: ventral basal lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures25-30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893317" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">28</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonopore lobe long and directed to the base of endophallus. Female genitalia: Gonocoxite 2 of ovipositor almost identical across in species: falciform in ventral view, length three times the basal width; outer margin with one or two minute ensiform setae, inner margin without ensiform seta; apex rounded in lateral view, with two nematiform setae in a groove (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F7FE7F5A955183E4D3FFC431DFD3B920" captionStart="Figures 40, 41" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 40, 41. Female genitalia of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Shuihaizi, Puge county 40 ventral view and inner lateral view of ovipositor. 41. Female reproductive system. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (40); 1 mm (41). Abbreviations: g 1: gonocoxite 1, g 2: gonocoxite 2, es: ensiform setae, ns, nematiform setae, bc: bursa copulatrix, co: common oviduct, sc: seminal canal, rc: receptaculum, sg: spermathecal gland, spc: spermathecal canal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures40-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893320" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatheca with seminal canal and receptaculum hardly differentiated; receptaculum straight and digitate, surface smooth; seminal canal a little slenderer than receptaculum, two to three times length of receptaculum; spermathecal gland inserted on base of receptaculum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12A02331038DA01D07D6D0E73725CBC1" captionStart="Figures 40, 41" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 40, 41. Female genitalia of Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pemphis sp. nov., paratype from Shuihaizi, Puge county 40 ventral view and inner lateral view of ovipositor. 41. Female reproductive system. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (40); 1 mm (41). Abbreviations: g 1: gonocoxite 1, g 2: gonocoxite 2, es: ensiform setae, ns, nematiform setae, bc: bursa copulatrix, co: common oviduct, sc: seminal canal, rc: receptaculum, sg: spermathecal gland, spc: spermathecal canal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figures40-41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893320" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">41</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CCBCB9C123BDCEF1C473BB56999C5C3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7658DA49CBF333F92976F76CA6B7ACD" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus pulcher" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="C976FC4E3882A3422659C83D3F9FDE2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">Pterostichus pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group contains the following seven species, all distributed in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province of China (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E7A678452FA5A2D4CACCFB325605FF2" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 42. Distribution of the taxa of Pterostichus pulcher species group in Sichuan province, China. Brown: P. pemphis sp. nov. Yellow: P. orbicollis sp. nov. Red: P. leo sp. nov. Purple: P. liyuani sp. nov. Blue: P. condylus sp. nov. Green: P. jialini sp. nov. Orange: P. pulcher Sciaky & Allegro." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.107636.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893321" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">42</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C9EF6564AD0760876D6D1D581FAA232D" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="767443E7F8BE2FD5AA3181C11DEB0B03" authorityName="Sciaky & Allegro" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pulcher" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pulcher</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sciaky & Allegro, 2013 (Meigu,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95875F84A53FEC5B17EEC0FEEDAEB067" originalValue="E’bian">E'bian</normalizedToken>
|
||
);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5176851F76FFAF6D728F5B310F95C8A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7737D6AA13BBF4255AE98F6506B6871E" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pemphis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pemphis" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) pemphis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Puge, Zhaojue, Butuo);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20A4E4BA9304E456F31C381F809C6064" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCC978485963F0FA262B4314289ACFF7" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) orbicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbicollis" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) orbicollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Huili);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="54478DD73D513DA16EA756023A35A6F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFF4AC874977BB2264A1EDF427550214" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) leo" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leo" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) leo</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Jinyang);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16E797FB5BEDE2CB85EBA931300DFEAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F98E0B0A30C468EB8FB59C26E87EEE9" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liyuani" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) liyuani</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Puge, Zhaojue);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EE067E7B35430FD9A4CDE94D40A17FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0003430381A59D99F3411F126121CDE" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) condylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condylus" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) condylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Mianning, Xide);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98D4D4BFA3246A95D5B7FA77C6E76BE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAE66AF9A30DB70EB644369435AE8D8C" authorityName="Yin & Zhu & Shi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Orientostichus) jialini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jialini" subGenus="Orientostichus">Pterostichus (Orientostichus) jialini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Huidong).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |