507 lines
38 KiB
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507 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703" ID-PMC="PMC4972245" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-67-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D846EB3F7746FFFE4A469751FFEF3B22" ID-PubMed="27536193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="133270" ModsDocID="1314-2003-67-1" checkinTime="1469054247116" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kriebel, Ricardo" docDate="2016" docId="2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 67: 1-326" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 67" docPubDate="2016-07-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703" docTitle="Conostegia setosa Triana" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="D846EB3F7746FFFE4A469751FFEF3B22" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="D846EB3F7746FFFE4A469751FFEF3B22" masterDocTitle="A Monograph of Conostegia (Melastomataceae, Miconieae)" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1668141747722" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Monograph of Conostegia (Melastomataceae, Miconieae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kriebel, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kriebelr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-07-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>67</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-67-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D846EB3F7746FFFE4A469751FFEF3B22</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">133270</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127858403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2EA464AC-60B5-2352-E91D-C996525235E8" authority="Triana" authorityName="Triana" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Conostegia setosa Triana</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 107" captionStartId="F107" captionText="Figure 107. Conostegia setosa. A Habit B Inflorescence and leaf base showing formicaria C Close up of flowers D Close up of morphotype with red indument E Flower buds and maturing fruit in the middle F Longitudinal section of a flower bud G Pickled flowers at anthesis H Longitudinal section of a flower at anthesis I Petal J Stamen K Style. Photos A, D-K of specimen voucher R. Kriebel 5731 B-C from R. Kriebel s. n." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure107" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96465" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Conostegia setosa</taxonomicName>
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Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 99. 1872. Type: Colombia.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
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: Cordillera Occidental, between Tuquerres and Barbacoas, 1851-1857, J. Triana 3940 (holotype: BM!, isotypes: BR!, K!, P (fide Almeda in
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<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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), W).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Cryptophysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cryptophysa setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Cryptophysa setosa</taxonomicName>
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Standl. & J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 4: 244. 1929. Type: Panama. Bocas del Toro: Buena Vista, Almirante, January-March 1928, G. Cooper 219 (holotype: F!, isotype: NY!).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia hirsuta" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">Conostegia hirsuta</taxonomicName>
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Gleason, Phytologia 3: 359. 1959. Non
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Conostegia setosa</taxonomicName>
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Triana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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Shrubs to less commonly small trees 0.9-1.5(-3) m tall with terete to a somewhat tetragonal stems that are covered with long smooth spreading hairs and a sparse and inconspicuous ground layer of brown lepidote hairs; the nodal line obscured and covered by the setae as the rest of the node and internode. Leaves of a pair equal to unequal in length. Petiole 0.2-3.9 cm. Leaf blades 7.6-35.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.22-13.5 cm, usually clustered at the apex of the branches, 5-7 plinerved, with the innermost pair of primary veins diverging from the mid vein up to about 4 cm above the base usually after the formicarium mostly opposite fashion, elliptic to obovate, the base acute and attenuate or rounded and with formicarium 1.5-3 cm long entirely on the leaf blade when the base is decurrent ot half of the formicarium on the petiole when not, the apex acute to abruptly acuminate, the margin denticulate to dentate, setose on both surfaces. Inflorescence a terminal panicle 3.4-16.3 cm long branched above the base but sometimes appearing branched at the base because of multiple inflorescences arising at opposing meristems at the terminal node, accessory branches present, the rachis setose with green or red trichomes, bracts subtending the nodes up to 3 cm long, persistent or deciduous, bracteoles up to 1 cm long, linear, persistent. Pedicel 0.5-3 mm. Flowers (4-)5(-6) merous, obovate to pyriform, calyptrate, the floral buds 4-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4 mm, the base rounded, the apex apiculate, slightly constricted; the hypanthium 2.35-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-3 mm, setose with green or red trichomes and tiny brownish glands to rarely glabrescent. Petals 6-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4-5 mm, white to pale pink, broadly obovate, spreading, eventually closing and persisting closed, emarginate, glabrous. Stamens (13-)15(-17), 4-5.5 mm long, radially arranged but sometimes bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric apparently from interactions with the style, the filament 2.45-2.75 mm long, white, anthers 2.25-2.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.75 mm, linear and sinuous, laterally compressed, the base sagittate, yellow, the pore ca. 0.15 mm wide, ventro terminal. Ovary (4-)5(-7) locular, inferior, apically glabrous and forming a low collar around the style. Style 4-5 mm long, straight and just slightly curved upward apically, vertical distance of the anther pore to the stigma -2 - 0 mm, horizontal distance absent; stigma capitellate to subcapitate, 1-1.5 mm wide. Berry 5-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-6 mm, dark purple to black. Seeds 0.3-0.5 mm, ovoid, the testa smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="973854" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure107" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96465" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 107" startId="F107">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figure 107.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">B</emphasis>
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Inflorescence and leaf base showing formicaria
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C</emphasis>
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Close up of flowers
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">D</emphasis>
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Close up of morphotype with red indument
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E</emphasis>
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Flower buds and maturing fruit in the middle
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">F</emphasis>
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Longitudinal section of a flower bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">G</emphasis>
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Pickled flowers at anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">H</emphasis>
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Longitudinal section of a flower at anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">I</emphasis>
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Petal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">J</emphasis>
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Stamen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">K</emphasis>
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Style. Photos
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">A, D-K</emphasis>
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of specimen voucher
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">R. Kriebel 5731</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">B-C</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">R. Kriebel s. n</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 108" captionStartId="F108" captionText="Figure 108. Distribution of Conostegia setosa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96466" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">108</figureCitation>
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). From Nicaragua through Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia and Ecuador, 0-1400 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="973856" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure108" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96466" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 108" startId="F108">
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figure 108.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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This is one of the most distinctive species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because of the densely setose indument on most parts and the presence of pouch formicaria at the base of the leaf. Only one additional species has this kind of structure within
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and that is
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia dentata" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia dentata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter taxon differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its reduced inflorescences, larger flowers, and exserted styles. Two morphotypes exist in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with typical plants having almost sessile leaves with mostly acute to attenuate bases in which the formicarium is almost all on the lamina. On the other hand plants described by Standley and Macbride as
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<taxonomicName genus="Cyprophysa" lsidName="Cyprophysa setosa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cyprophysa setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and given the new name of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia hirsuta" order="Myrtales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Conostegia hirsuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Gleason have long petioles with the formicarium placed half on the petiole and half on the lamina.
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<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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considered these two morphotypes to be the same species because he saw intermediate morphologies. The latter author also observed no geographic pattern but noted the similarity between plants from the same locality. During the course of this study plants of both morphotypes were collected in the same locality in Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
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, Veraguas, Panama (short petiolate leaves with acute to attenuate bases in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Kriebel and Burke 5731</emphasis>
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, petiolate leaves with rounded bases in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Kriebel and Burke 5712</emphasis>
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- both at NY, PMA).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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studied the phenology of this species in detail and observed one or two flowers opening everyday for two to three months. He hypothesized that this behavior might result in a greater degree of outcrossing by forcing the bees to forage to other plants in these large clonal populations. He further noted that bee species that
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<pageBreakToken pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">visit</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are non traplining opportunistic species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). I have observed one of these opportunistic bees in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" rank="family">Halictidae</taxonomicName>
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family visiting
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at La Selva, Costa Rica. Perhaps as expected for a species that flowers over a long period of time, fruiting is also spread through large periods of time (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
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<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, LE" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="201 - 213" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" refId="B12" refString="Alonso, LE, 1998. Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant. Biotropica 30 (2): 201 - 213, DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" title="Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant." url="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" volume="30" year="1998">Alonso (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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studied populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Costa Rica and Panama and observed some populations in Colombia and Ecuador. She found that in the southern part of it distribution,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was inhabited by more specialized ants and one obligate inhabitant,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole melastomae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melastomae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pheidole melastomae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter inhabitant was most common in South America so
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, LE" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="201 - 213" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" refId="B12" refString="Alonso, LE, 1998. Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant. Biotropica 30 (2): 201 - 213, DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" title="Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant." url="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" volume="30" year="1998">Alonso (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that perhaps this pattern is due to the fact that because
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is bird dispersed, plants have dispersed more rapidly than their obligate ant inhabitant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole melastomae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melastomae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Pheidole melastomae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In general,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alonso, LE" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" pagination="201 - 213" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" refId="B12" refString="Alonso, LE, 1998. Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant. Biotropica 30 (2): 201 - 213, DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" title="Spatial and temporal variation in the ant occupants of a facultative ant-plant." url="10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00055.x" volume="30" year="1998">Alonso (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a lot of variation in the ant inhabitants of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia setosa" order="Myrtales" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Conostegia setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="San Carlos, Boca Tapada" country="COSTA RICA" location="Solano" municipality="Laguna de Lagarto Lodge" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alajuela">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>San Carlos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Boca Tapada</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Laguna de Lagarto Lodge</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:DDDFD2EF0240803FE7FC06D34E01CE93" country="COSTA RICA" municipality="Laguna de Lagarto Lodge" name="Solano" stateProvince="Alajuela">Solano</location>
|
||
894, 1448 (INB, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Jimenez, Pejibaye, Reserva El Copal, Kriebel" country="Costa Rica" location="Pejibaye" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cartago">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago">Cartago</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">
|
||
<collectorName>Jimenez</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Pejibaye</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Reserva El Copal</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Kriebel</collectorName>
|
||
2474 (INB);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:7314ABEFF1A18CF84FDD6E863D7BCDF7" country="Costa Rica" name="Pejibaye" stateProvince="Cartago">Pejibaye</location>
|
||
, Refugio de Vida Silvestre La Marta,
|
||
<collectorName>Kriebel</collectorName>
|
||
4484 (INB)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="La Selva, Sendero Holdridge" country="Costa Rica" location="Kriebel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia">Heredia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>La Selva</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Sendero Holdridge</collectorName>
|
||
a Parcelas,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:B34203CF57AF11F31FD647210FB97C63" country="Costa Rica" name="Kriebel" stateProvince="Heredia">Kriebel</location>
|
||
3565 (INB)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Pococi, R. B." country="Costa Rica" location="Lagunas de Tortuguero" municipality="Tortuguero National Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Limon">Limon</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: North end of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Tortuguero National Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and near the Boca de las
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:30F85131188A80D9266AF51BB1BC0753" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Tortuguero National Park" name="Lagunas de Tortuguero" stateProvince="Limon">Lagunas de Tortuguero</location>
|
||
, Burger and Antonio 11274 (CR, F, NY); Between Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacrón">Jacron</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Cerro
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bitárkara">Bitarkara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Trail between "Sitio Rangalle and Cuen", Hazlett 5125 (NY);
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pococí">Pococi</normalizedToken>
|
||
, R. B.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
Bosque Lluvioso, Sendero derecho, Vargas et al. 3539 (INB, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="PANAMA" location="Sendero Cuerpo de Paz" municipality="Vicinity of La Mesa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cocle">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Panama">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Coclé">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Cocle">Cocle</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
from Llano Grande on road to Coclesito near Continental Divide, Antonio 1365 (NY);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Vicinity of La Mesa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="El Valle de Anton">
|
||
N of El Valle de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antón">Anton</normalizedToken>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, along steep slopes above water reservoirs, ca.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
W of road
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Finca Mandarinas" secondLocation="Finca Furlong, Croat">between Finca Mandarinas and Finca Furlong, Croat</locationDeviation>
|
||
67169 (MO, NY); Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:D94C669F5431F7AB3C6B9449D2472873" country="PANAMA" municipality="Vicinity of La Mesa" name="Sendero Cuerpo de Paz" stateProvince="Cocle">Sendero Cuerpo de Paz</location>
|
||
, Penneys and Blanco 1760 (FLAS, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="Panama" location="Rio Coasi" municipality="Rio Coasi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Darien">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Darien">Darien</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Tres Bocas">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" metricValueMax="3.218688" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="mi" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0-2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
E of Tres Bocas
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
along shortest headwater of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Coasi
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Kirkbride and Duke 1170 (MO, NY); Mannene to the mouth of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:D23067ED72E8E63BACAD85CD824D0739" country="Panama" municipality="Rio Coasi" name="Rio Coasi" stateProvince="Darien">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Coasi
|
||
</location>
|
||
, Kirkbride and Bristan 1492 (MO, NY); Ensenada Guayabo,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Punta Guayabo Grande" secondLocation="Punta Guayabo Chiquita, Stern and Chambers">between Punta Guayabo Grande and Punta Guayabo Chiquita, Stern and Chambers</locationDeviation>
|
||
178 (NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="El Llano Carti-Tupile" country="Panama" county="El Llano" location="Sendero La Cruz" municipality="Highway" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Panama">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Panama">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: On Atlantic side Llano-Carti Road,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 miles</quantity>
|
||
from Pan-American Highway, Antonio 3308 (MO, NY); Road to Carti (San Blas),
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCounty>El Llano</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Busey 894 (MO, NY); Near summit of Cerro Camapan, Croat 22814 (MO, NY); Cerro Azul,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
6233 (MO, NY); Cerro Jefe, Dwyer and Gentry 10257 (MO, NY); On trails radiating from end of road which passes Campana water tank near Cerro Campana, Kirkbride and Hayden 311 (MO, NY); along
|
||
<collectorName>El Llano Carti-Tupile</collectorName>
|
||
road,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi</quantity>
|
||
above Pan-Am Hwy, Liesner 1132 (MO, NY); Forest
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 miles</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Highway</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
1 towards Cerro Jefe, Luteyn 1323 (MO, NY); Cerro Campana,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:68772C34890B5AC24E74AEE38091840F" country="Panama" county="El Llano" municipality="Highway" name="Sendero La Cruz" stateProvince="Panama">Sendero La Cruz</location>
|
||
, near the summit, Penneys and Blanco 1678 (FLAS, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="de Buey, von Sneidern" country="COLOMBIA" county="Alto de Buey" location="El Valle" municipality="Dos Bocas del Rio Mutata" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Choco">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Choco">Choco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: North ridge of
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Alto
|
||
<collectorName>de Buey</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, above
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Dos Bocas del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mutatá">Mutata</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, tributary of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:844A5C2FFDF726189DE4B06868577BA8" country="COLOMBIA" county="Alto de Buey" municipality="Dos Bocas del Rio Mutata" name="El Valle" stateProvince="Choco">El Valle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="El Valle">ESE of El Valle</locationDeviation>
|
||
, Gentry and Fallen 17413 (MO, NY);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuquí">Nuqui</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:97233330D273555D90E6658FE1085A66" country="COLOMBIA" county="Alto de Buey" municipality="Dos Bocas del Rio Mutata" name="Alto de Buey" stateProvince="Choco">Alto de Buey</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>von Sneidern</collectorName>
|
||
7 (NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="Colombia" county="rio Anchicaya" location="rio Cajambre" municipality="Costa del Pacifico" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="El Valle">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="El Valle">El Valle</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Cordillera Occidental, vertiente occidental, hoya del
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchicayá">Anchicaya</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, lado derecho, bosques
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Pavas" secondLocation="Miramar, Cuatrecasas">entre Pavas y Miramar, Cuatrecasas</locationDeviation>
|
||
14380 (NY);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Costa del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacífico">Pacifico</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:8837062E073F2F9AD2466EFB1711DB27" country="Colombia" county="rio Anchicaya" municipality="Costa del Pacifico" name="rio Cajambre" stateProvince="El Valle">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cajambre
|
||
</location>
|
||
, Silva, Cuatrecasas 17555 (NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="ECUADOR" location="Rio Santiago" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Eloy Alfaro, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ecológica">Ecologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cotacachi-Cayapas, Parroquia Luis Vargas Torres,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:16DFCEE1DFC93C22C7444B4052B535A1" country="ECUADOR" name="Rio Santiago" stateProvince="Esmeraldas">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santiago
|
||
</location>
|
||
, estero Pote, Tirado et al. 529 (MO, NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="Ecuador" location="Rio Silanche" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Carretera Quito-Puerto Quito km 113, Betancourt 82, 111, 166, 169, 218 (NY); Carretera Quito-Puerto Quito km
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1309999999999998" unit="km" value="113.1">113, 10 km</quantity>
|
||
al Norte de la carretera principal, Freire 1060 (NY); Reserva Forestal ENDESA,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EA464AC60B52352E91DC996525235E8:3E3126E877E553097621738DF0DBC5E0" country="Ecuador" name="Rio Silanche" stateProvince="Pichincha">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Silanche
|
||
</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Corporación">"Corporacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Forestal Juan Manuel Durini", km 113 de la carretera Quito-Pto. Quito, faldas occidentales a
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
al Norte de la carretera principal, Jaramillo 5202, 6412 (NY)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(fide Schnell).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Zulia">Zulia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
Helena, Sierra
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perijá">Perija</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Delascio and Benkowsky 3191 (US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |